CN102677682B - Ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102677682B CN102677682B CN201110367659.7A CN201110367659A CN102677682B CN 102677682 B CN102677682 B CN 102677682B CN 201110367659 A CN201110367659 A CN 201110367659A CN 102677682 B CN102677682 B CN 102677682B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the field of road subgrade engineering and bank protection engineering. The ecological slope protection structure comprises a banket structure and a slope protection surface layer, the banket structure is positioned at a toe of a side slope, the slope protection surface layer covers the surface of the side slope, the banket structure consists of wood pile banket arranged along the direction of a toe line of the side slope into a row, the slope protection surface layer consists of a reversed filter and manually set stone laid on the reversed filter, a slope protection forest and a turf which are arranged in an array manner are planted on the slope protection surface layer, the reversed filter consists of a coarse sand cushion layer on the side slope and a gravel layer on the coarse sand cushion layer, the thickness of the coarse sand cushion layer is not smaller than 10cm, and the thickness of the gravel layer is not smaller than 10cm. The invention also provides a construction method of the ecological slope protection structure. By the aid of the method, drainage construction or excavation of a foundation trench is omitted, and accordingly construction period is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof, belong to road foundation engineering, bank protection work field.
Background technology
In recent years, the region of rivers and lakes, Plain and highway, railway bed are facing a large amount of shore protections, bank protection demand, traditional bank structure heavy industry journey, the state of committing suicide, as form of structure such as stake plate shore protection, stone-laying shore protection, gabion shore protections, although can guarantee the safety of shore protection, protective slope structure, road foundation, but material usage is large, need to excavate foundation trench, long in time limit, build up rear landscape effect poor.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of ecological slope protection structure of lifeless thing combining structure, solved traditional bank structural meterials consumption large, the technical problem that energy consumption is large.
The present invention also provides the construction method of described ecological slope protection structure, and the method has been avoided drainage construction, without excavation foundation trench, has therefore shortened the construction period.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of ecological slope protection structure, it comprises the spats structure that is positioned at side slope toe place and the bank protection surface layer that is covered in side slope surface, described spats structure comprises along Slope payment to a porter direction arranges timber spats in a row, bank protection surface layer comprises loaded filter and the hand pendulum stone being laid on loaded filter, and bank protection surface layer kind is implanted with forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion and the turf of arranged in arrays; Described loaded filter forms by being not less than the macadam that is not less than 10cm on the coarse sand bed course of 10cm and coarse sand bed course in side slope.
As preferably, described spats structure comprises the stone material of throwing between the spaced timber spats of two rows and two row's timber spats.
As preferably, described timber spats diameter is 10cm～15cm, selects bending the arrows degree of pile total length to be not more than a footpath half, the torsion of wood grain is not more than the timber partly of pile circumference within the scope of 1 meter.
As preferably, the pile top of described timber spats is horse ear shape inclined-plane, Rhizoma Sparganii taper or rectangular pyramid shape, and pile top length is for loosening the soil or Soft Soil Layer is made as 1～1.2 times an of footpath, for compared with hardpan being 1.2～1.5 times of stake footpath.
As preferably, hand pendulum stone size is not less than 20cm.
The present invention be take and gathered materials on the spot as principle, adopts lifeless thing combining structure, has formed a kind of economy, effectively ecological revetment technology and theory.To set timber or the middle jackstone material of double timber of construction, make spats, with the loaded filter of making use of momentum with slope, add hand pendulum stone and do bank protection surface layer, with hand pendulum stone gap cuttage trees, do greening and beautification, and the root system after surviving by cuttage trees reaches the object of ecological Gu Po, thereby guarantee and improve the long-term bank protection performance of lifeless thing combining structure, whole system can be accomplished the combination of bank protection function and Ecological harmony effect, bank slope short-term stability and the long-term combination of slope effect admittedly, engineering and artistic combination, thus realize the theory that highway, railway wriggle naturally between scenery with hills and waters.
A construction method for ecological slope protection structure, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A, at side slope toe place, set row's timber spats: select the bending arrow degree of diameter 10cm～15cm, pile total length to be not more than a footpath half, the torsion of wood grain is not more than the timber partly of pile circumference in 1 meter, set the front little head end by timber and be made into pile top, timber is made the artificial injection of sledge of rear employing 2～5kg, only depends on continuously side by side injection to form round log campshed spats;
The laying of the bank protection surface layer that b, loaded filter and hand pendulum stone form: complete after the construction of timber spats, excavate bank protection scope endosexine surface dust and weeds, leveling is filled out respectively, is dug in table concave, convex area, slope, on side slope surface, form the only domatic of unified slope ratio, clean, lay the coarse sand bed course that is not less than 10cm on domatic, the macadam that is not less than 10cm is set on coarse sand bed course, coarse sand bed course and macadam form loaded filter jointly, on loaded filter, arrange hand pendulum stone, hand pendulum stone size is not less than 20cm;
C, cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion and multiple green: cuttage is selected willow limb hydrophilic, that easily survive with forest, it is standby that the healthy and strong branch of cut-off footpath 3～5cm is cut into the sections of long 0.8～1m, be cut into the sections of flat declivity, before cuttage, ready branch is soaked to 1～2d with clear water, during cuttage, with beveled end, insert downwards in the dirt bed of side slope, embedded depth is not less than 30cm, the local pasture and water of side slope surface grafting.
As preferably, described in a step, pile top is sawn into horse ear shape inclined-plane or is whittled into Rhizoma Sparganii taper or rectangular pyramid shape, and pile top length, for loosening the soil or Soft Soil Layer can be made as 1～1.2 times an of footpath, be 1.2～1.5 times an of footpath compared with hardpan.
As preferably, described in b step, coarse sand mud content is not more than 3%, and rubble is selected rubble or the gravel of weather resistance, and maximum particle diameter is not more than 50mm, and mud content is not more than 5%.
As preferably, first row cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion cuttage positional distance timber spats 0.6～1m in c step, side slope surface cuttage bank protection forest in length and breadth spacing is 2～3m, and selects the stone gap cuttage of hand pendulum.
A construction method for ecological slope protection structure, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A, at side slope toe place, set two row's timber spats: select the bending arrow degree of diameter 10cm～15cm, pile total length to be not more than a footpath half, the torsion of wood grain is not more than the timber partly of pile circumference in 1 meter, set the front little head end by timber and be made into pile top, timber is made the artificial injection of sledge of rear employing 2～5kg, only depends on continuously side by side injection to form round log campshed spats;
B, jackstone: throwing stone material between two row's timber spats, the wet compressive strength of stone material is greater than 30MPa, and coefficient of softening is greater than 0.75, and density is not less than 2.6t/m
3, particle diameter selects to be not less than 20cm;
The laying of the bank protection surface layer that c, loaded filter and hand pendulum stone form: complete after the construction of timber spats, excavate bank protection scope endosexine surface dust and weeds, leveling is filled out respectively, is dug in table concave, convex area, slope, on side slope surface, form the only domatic of unified slope ratio, clean, lay the coarse sand bed course that is not less than 10cm on domatic, the macadam that is not less than 10cm is set on coarse sand bed course, coarse sand bed course and macadam form loaded filter jointly, on loaded filter, arrange hand pendulum stone, hand pendulum stone size is not less than 20cm;
D, cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion and multiple green: cuttage is selected willow limb hydrophilic, that easily survive with forest, it is standby that the healthy and strong branch of cut-off footpath 3～5cm is cut into the sections of long 0.8～1m, be cut into the sections of flat declivity, before cuttage, ready branch is soaked to 1～2d with clear water, during cuttage, with beveled end, insert downwards in the dirt bed of side slope, embedded depth is not less than 30cm, the local pasture and water of side slope surface grafting.
As preferably, described in a step, pile top is sawn into horse ear shape inclined-plane or is whittled into Rhizoma Sparganii taper or rectangular pyramid shape, and pile top length, for loosening the soil or Soft Soil Layer can be made as 1～1.2 times an of footpath, be 1.2～1.5 times an of footpath compared with hardpan.
As preferably, described in b step, coarse sand mud content is not more than 3%, and rubble is selected rubble or the gravel of weather resistance, and maximum particle diameter is not more than 50mm, and mud content is not more than 5%.
As preferably, first row cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion cuttage positional distance timber spats 0.6～1m in c step, side slope surface cuttage bank protection forest in length and breadth spacing is 2～3m, and selects the stone gap cuttage of hand pendulum.
The present invention uses natural round log, cuttage branch and lithotome compound action, reaches the effect of ecological revetment, bank protection, and increases economic efficiency and environmental benefit.The round pine of employing good endurance, easy processing, natural anticorrosion or oak are as timber material, rely on hammering effect to squeeze into soil layer certain depth, utilize lumber fibre resistance to tension to resist the horizontal force that the bank protection soil body imposes on timber, and transfer the load to ground depths by embedding the pile cutoff of soil layer, thereby guarantee the stable of timber structure, play the effect of spats.When single stake is difficult to meet spats requirement, double timber can be set, middle throwing building stones, form lifeless thing combining structure, play the spats effect that is similar to gabion.But with bank protection structures such as conventional piles plate, stone-laying, gabions, compare, can reduce material usage, avoid drainage construction, also without excavation foundation trench.
The loaded filter of bank protection surface layer and hand pendulum stone play the latent erosion of anti-current and wave abrasion.Bank protection be take Sui Po and is made use of momentum as principle, nature, coordinate reach shore protection object.
Hand is put the willow limb that stone gap is hydrophilic with a determining deviation cuttage, easily survive.Cuttage trees survive the effect that rear root system has ecological revetment, can not only play good greening, beautify effect, the also effect of alternative spats timber after surviving.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with prior art, from economic benefit, due to local use full-natural material, and saved material usage, energy consumption is little, with traditional bank engineering method, compare and can save investment 15%～35%.From duration aspect, owing to having avoided subaqueous construction, spats excavation of foundation pit, the operation such as build by laying bricks or stones, can the reduction of erection time approximately 8～15% with comparing with traditional engineering method under condition.From ecological and social benefit, log pile spats of the present invention, hand pendulum stone bank protection have nature affinity, cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion not only have avenue tree greening, beautify effect, and its root system can realize the theory of ecological revetment, can strengthen on long terms, substitute the shore protection effect of log pile spats.Be aided with interspersing of greening pasture and water, can realize the beautiful scenery that highway wriggles naturally between the region of rivers and lakes, rural area.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the plane structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
In figure: 1, timber spats, 2, hand pendulum stone, 3, coarse sand bed course, 4, macadam, 5, forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion, 6, turf, 7, side slope, 8, stone material.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of ecological slope protection structure as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, comprise the spats structure that is positioned at side slope 7 toe places and the bank protection surface layer that is covered in side slope 7 surfaces, described spats structure is for to arrange timber spats 1 in a row along Slope payment to a porter direction, bank protection surface layer is comprised of loaded filter and the hand pendulum stone 2 being laid on loaded filter, and described loaded filter is comprised of the coarse sand bed course 3 in side slope 7 and the macadam 4 on coarse sand bed course 3.Coarse sand bed course 3 thickness >=10cm, macadam 4 thickness >=10cm.Described timber spats 1 selects the timber that diameter is 10cm～15cm to make.Described bank protection surface layer is provided with forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion 5 and the turf 6 of arranged in arrays.
The construction method of above-mentioned ecological slope protection structure is as follows:
1) at side slope toe place, set row's timber spats: corrosion-resistant, the water-fast seeds such as the rich resiniferous round pine of timber material selection, oak, diameter 10cm～15cm.Require few, corrosion-free hollow, the concentric reducer footpath of knot to differ bending arrows degree less, pile total length and be not more than a footpath half, the torsion of wood grain is not more than the timber partly of pile circumference within the scope of 1 meter.Making the materials length of timber should beat definite according to design size and examination.Set and front little head end is made into pile top, pile top can be sawn into horse ear shape inclined-plane, or is whittled into Rhizoma Sparganii or rectangular pyramid shape, and pile top length, for loosening the soil or Soft Soil Layer can be made as 1～1.2 times an of footpath, is 1.2～1.5 times of stake footpath compared with hardpan.Timber is made the artificial injection of sledge of rear employing 2～5kg, only depends on continuously side by side injection to form round log campshed spats.
2) laying of the bank protection surface layer of loaded filter and hand pendulum stone composition: complete after the construction of timber spats, excavate bank protection scope endosexine surface dust, weeds etc., leveling is filled out respectively, dug in table concave, convex area, slope, and forming basic is the only domatic of unified slope ratio.Clean, lay the coarse sand bed course that is not less than 10cm on domatic, the macadam that is not less than 10cm is set on coarse sand bed course, coarse sand bed course and macadam form loaded filter jointly, arrange hand pendulum stone on loaded filter.Loaded filter is to resist the loss of soil body particle and to wash in a pan erosion.Coarse sand requires not containing impurity such as grass roots, rubbish, and mud content is not more than 3%.Rubble should be selected rubble or the gravel of weather resistance, and maximum particle diameter is not more than 50mm, and mud content is not more than 5%.Hand pendulum stone is the stone structure of showing with hand, and stone can adopt slabstone, cobble, erratic boulder etc.Bank protection is with hand pendulum stone quality requirement with the requirement of throwing building stones, and size is not less than 20cm; If better with large scale cobble, erratic boulder effect.The slabstone of selecting more regular few corner angle, laying faces down greatly.Uses of should arranging in pairs or groups of size slabstone, ratchel completely spreads in principle, finger stone joint filling can be made use of momentum and put according to landform, deliberately do not pursue thickness, density unanimously, accomplish nature, coordination.
3) cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion and multiple green: cuttage is selected willow limb hydrophilic, that easily survive with forest, the healthy and strong branch of cut-off footpath 3～5cm is cut into that to be about the sections of 1m standby.Be cut into the sections of flat declivity.Before cuttage, ready branch is soaked to 1～2d with clear water, so that it fully absorbs water.During cuttage, with beveled end, insert dirt bed downwards, embedded depth is advisable to be not less than 30cm, notes the integrity of bark on protection branch in cuttage process.Rear formation ecological revetment woods, to be advisable with interior apart from timber spats 1m, is convenient to survive in first row cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion cuttage position, and slope table cuttage bank protection forest is the desirable 2～3m of spacing in length and breadth, can select the stone gap cuttage of bank protection hand pendulum.Slope table is multiple green take in the local pasture and water of side slope surface grafting as main.
The present invention is applicable to plains region paddle shore protection, the slope protection construction of highway, railway, and slope ratio of slope is not suddenly in 1: 2, and related depth of water 2m is with interior more suitable.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of ecological slope protection structure as shown in Figure 3, concrete structure is with embodiment 1, and difference is: spats structure is comprised of the stone material 8 of throwing between two row intervals and the timber spats 1 be arrangeding in parallel and two row's timber spats, to form the spats structure of similar gabion.
The ecological slope protection structure construction method of the present embodiment is as follows:
1) at side slope toe place, set two row's timber spats: specifically with leaving certain distance according to design between embodiment 1, two row's timber spats.Injection the second campshed needs to determine according to design, and two campsheds are except longitudinally continuously injection, and every horizontal injection one campshed of 3～5 meters of spacing, as horizontal partition, each district's lattice can independently become " class gabion " system.
2) jackstone: throwing stone material between two row's timber spats, to form the spats structure of similar gabion.Require stone matter hard, meet water and be difficult for broken or hydrolysis, wet compressive strength is greater than 30MPa, and coefficient of softening is greater than 0.75, and density is not less than 2.6t/m3.Do not allow to use the piece stone of the shapes such as land waste, mud stone and thin slice, strip, wedge angle.Fill block stone throwing particle diameter selects to be not less than 20cm.In throwing region, weeds or other floating foreign material are showed in ground, are removed immediately.Artificial throwing, follows the sequence of construction of " downstream behind first upstream, offshore after first deep water " and evenly throws and throw successively.Jackstone for the above part of water level adopts artificial code to build, and selects large slabstone, and answer fissure of displacement phase jam-packed close while building by laying bricks or stones, not loosening.
3) laying of the bank protection surface layer that loaded filter and hand pendulum stone form: with embodiment 1.
4) cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion and multiple green: with embodiment 1.
Above-described embodiment is a kind of preferably scheme of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, also has other variant and remodeling under the prerequisite that does not exceed the technical scheme that claim records.
Claims (5)
1. a construction method for ecological slope protection structure, is characterized in that specifically comprising the following steps:
A, at side slope toe place, set row's timber spats: select the bending arrow degree of diameter 10cm ~ 15cm, pile total length to be not more than a footpath half, the torsion of wood grain is not more than the timber partly of pile circumference in 1 meter, set the front little head end by timber and be made into pile top, timber is made the artificial injection of sledge of rear employing 2 ~ 5kg, only depends on continuously side by side injection to form round log campshed spats;
The laying of the bank protection surface layer that b, loaded filter and hand pendulum stone form: complete after the construction of timber spats, excavate bank protection scope endosexine surface dust and weeds, leveling is filled out respectively, is dug in table concave, convex area, slope, on side slope surface, form the only domatic of unified slope ratio, clean, lay the coarse sand bed course that is not less than 10cm on domatic, the macadam that is not less than 10cm is set on coarse sand bed course, coarse sand bed course and macadam form loaded filter jointly, on loaded filter, arrange hand pendulum stone, hand pendulum stone size is not less than 20cm;
C, cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion and multiple green: cuttage is selected willow limb hydrophilic, that easily survive with forest, it is standby that the healthy and strong branch of cut-off footpath 3 ~ 5cm is cut into the sections of long 0.8 ~ 1m, be cut into the sections of flat declivity, before cuttage, ready branch is soaked to 1 ~ 2d with clear water, during cuttage, with beveled end, insert downwards in the dirt bed of side slope, embedded depth is not less than 30cm, the local pasture and water of side slope surface grafting.
2. construction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in a step, pile top is sawn into horse ear shape inclined-plane or is whittled into Rhizoma Sparganii taper or rectangular pyramid shape, pile top length, for loosening the soil or Soft Soil Layer is made as 1 ~ 1.2 times an of footpath, is 1.2 ~ 1.5 times of stake footpath compared with hardpan.
3. construction method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in b step, coarse sand mud content is not more than 3%, and rubble is selected rubble or the gravel of weather resistance, and maximum particle diameter is not more than 50mm, and mud content is not more than 5%.
4. construction method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: first row cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion cuttage positional distance timber spats 0.6 ~ 1m in c step, side slope surface cuttage bank protection forest in length and breadth spacing is 2 ~ 3m, and selects the stone gap cuttage of hand pendulum.
5. a construction method for ecological slope protection structure, is characterized in that specifically comprising the following steps:
A, at side slope toe place, set two row's timber spats: select the bending arrow degree of diameter 10cm ~ 15cm, pile total length to be not more than a footpath half, the torsion of wood grain is not more than the timber partly of pile circumference in 1 meter, set the front little head end by timber and be made into pile top, timber is made the artificial injection of sledge of rear employing 2 ~ 5kg, only depends on continuously side by side injection to form round log campshed spats;
B, jackstone: throwing stone material between two row's timber spats, the wet compressive strength of stone material is greater than 30MPa, and coefficient of softening is greater than 0.75, and density is not less than 2.6t/m
3, particle diameter selects to be not less than 20cm;
The laying of the bank protection surface layer that c, loaded filter and hand pendulum stone form: complete after the construction of timber spats, excavate bank protection scope endosexine surface dust and weeds, leveling is filled out respectively, is dug in table concave, convex area, slope, on side slope surface, form the only domatic of unified slope ratio, clean, lay the coarse sand bed course that is not less than 10cm on domatic, the macadam that is not less than 10cm is set on coarse sand bed course, coarse sand bed course and macadam form loaded filter jointly, on loaded filter, arrange hand pendulum stone, hand pendulum stone size is not less than 20cm;
D, cuttage forest for protecting slopes from soil erosion and multiple green: cuttage is selected willow limb hydrophilic, that easily survive with forest, it is standby that the healthy and strong branch of cut-off footpath 3 ~ 5cm is cut into the sections of long 0.8 ~ 1m, be cut into the sections of flat declivity, before cuttage, ready branch is soaked to 1 ~ 2d with clear water, during cuttage, with beveled end, insert downwards in the dirt bed of side slope, embedded depth is not less than 30cm, the local pasture and water of side slope surface grafting.
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| CN105684591A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-22 | 中山大学 | Ecological protection structure suitable for south rack slope drainage waterlogging prevention |
| CN107905240A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-13 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | A kind of vegetation anchor pole consolidates slope method |
| CN111501670A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-07 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Waterfront river course slope protection structure and construction method thereof |
| CN112176950B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-11-02 | 福建省禹澄建设工程有限公司 | Can improve slope formula revetment structure for hydraulic engineering of angle bead installation steadiness |
| CN112850907B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-01-18 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Shoal wetland construction method considering earth volume balance and habitat diversity |
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