CN102677503A - Biomass continuous hydrothermal pretreatment reactor - Google Patents
Biomass continuous hydrothermal pretreatment reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102677503A CN102677503A CN2012101718710A CN201210171871A CN102677503A CN 102677503 A CN102677503 A CN 102677503A CN 2012101718710 A CN2012101718710 A CN 2012101718710A CN 201210171871 A CN201210171871 A CN 201210171871A CN 102677503 A CN102677503 A CN 102677503A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass continuous hydrothermal pretreatment reactor which is characterized by being structurally composed of two or more than two high-pressure reaction tanks, a hot water supplying and recovering system and a high-pressure air supplying system. The high-pressure reaction tanks finish steps of material feeding, water feeding, reacting, liquid-solid separation, hot water recycling, pressurizing and material discharging alternately. By reasonably setting the number of the high-pressure reaction tanks, the reactor can be kept to be always in the material feeding and discharging state, and accordingly the continuous hydrothermal pretreatment of biomass can be achieved. The reactor is simple in structure, enables users to perform simple manual operation and can achieve automatic control through means of using an industrial personal computer and the like. The biomass continuous hydrothermal pretreatment reactor achieves recovering of hot water, reduces waste water, can improve pretreatment effect by means of organic acid generated by the pretreatment and contained in the recycled hot water after the recovering, improves efficiency and reduces cost. The water supplying and recovering system in the biomass continuous hydrothermal pretreatment reactor enables the pretreatment process to be always in an optimal condition and ensures the pretreatment effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the lignocellulosic material preprocessing technical field, particularly a kind of living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor.
Background technology
Exhaustion day by day along with the petrochemical industry resource; Substitute the petrochemical industry resource with reproducible biomass resource; Is the energy through the biorefinery technology with Wood Adhesives from Biomass, and chemicals and material are developing direction from now on, also is the inevitable means that solve human environment, resource and energy problem.Biorefinery is an example with the production of bioenergy, and its basic procedure is: biomass collection, living beings preliminary treatment, cellulase hydrolysis, ethanol or butanol fermentation, product reclaim and the byproduct comprehensive utilization.In these several main production links, the living beings preliminary treatment is in core status, and this is because the living beings preliminary treatment has at first determined the efficient of cellulase hydrolysis.If living beings are without preprocessing process, the cellulase hydrolysis rate generally is no more than 30%, and needs a large amount of enzyme preparations, and through the preliminary treatment of appropriateness, cellulosic enzymatic hydrolyzation can significantly improve, even can reach 100%.The component of living beings is complicated, if one of them component of single utilization, except causing raw material availability than low, the component of utilizing does not also cause environmental pollution.This shows that the living beings comprehensive utilization is its efficient precondition of utilizing, and suitable preprocess method is the important leverage of comprehensive utilization.Therefore, the importance of living beings preliminary treatment in the biorefinery process is self-evident.
People pay attention to the pretreated importance of living beings very early, have developed various preprocess methods.According to present sorting technique, can be divided into physics preliminary treatment, Chemical Pretreatment, Biological Pretreatment basically.In order to overcome the shortcoming of single preprocess method, bring into play its advantage, also developed the pretreated method of combination.But the value-added effect that corresponding existing living beings utilization is produced, the greatest problem of pre existing processing mode is with high costs.Easily the preliminary treatment cost that hundreds of units are per ton, the advantage approach exhaustion that biomass material is cheap.The higher reason of these method costs can be divided into several aspects: the one, need to consume the chemicals of some, and like acid, alkali, ammonia, carbon dioxide etc.When if such preprocess method can not solve the chemical recovery problem preferably, can produce environment does not have and dyes, and causes cost to increase sharply.And to solve the recovery problem, and just needing a certain amount of reclaimer, this has increased additional investment undoubtedly; The 2nd, energy consumption is too high.Such as hydrothermal pretreatment, dilute acid pretreatment need provide nearly 200 ℃ high temperature, with biomass material, mainly is that (hydrothermal pretreatment need be in liquid-solid ratio up to 10: 1-20: carry out under 1 the condition) be heated to 200 ℃ for water in the pretreatment system.If the energy consumption in the process can not be recycled fully, will make the required energy consumption of process too high.If such preprocessing process is used for the production of biomass energy, just possibly cause losing more than gain on the energy.
In numerous preprocess methods, hydrothermal pretreatment is as a kind of novel green reaction technology, owing to advantages such as the catabolite that need not add any chemical reagent, generation is few become the research focus.I strong (I strong, Zhuang new Shu, YUAN Zhenhong, QI Wei, Wang Wen, Wang Qiong, Li-Fang Yang, Tan Xuesong. Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment temperature liquid water. Chemical Engineering, 2010,29 (11): 2177) pretreatment of this literature review conducted.The hydrothermal pretreatment reactor of design of High Efficiency advances the application of hydrothermal pretreatment in living beings refining industry to have great importance.
Application number is that the Chinese invention patent of 201010171586.X discloses pretreated method of a kind of high-temperature liquid water of cellulosic biomass and device.The biomass material that this device utilizes the flow of hot water of HTHP to cross in the reactor is realized the preliminary treatment to living beings, the wood sugar and the compound sugar that effectively produce in the removal process.But this device can't be realized the continued operation of preprocessing process.In suitability for industrialized production, handling continuously has certain advantage with respect to batch processing or semicontinuous operation.Adopt continued operation can reduce the size of equipment needed thereby significantly, generally can reduce between the 50%-80%.The required energy consumption of continued operation is also less, the fluctuation of having avoided energy consumption to consume simultaneously.
Application number be 200980120519.0 Chinese invention patent disclose a kind of from the high-pressure area equipment and the method to area of low pressure discharging preprocessing biomass.Can realize from living beings pretreatment reaction device, discharging continuously pretreated biomass material through this equipment.But this equipment is through forming a buffering area between the external world and the inside reactor to wherein spraying water, and material is to flow out from reactor with pulpous state, also will filter just afterwards and can obtain material.
Realize that continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment can significantly increase preliminary treatment efficient, reduce pre-processing device and operation investment.The patent No. is that the Chinese invention patent of CN200680034205.5 discloses a kind of continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment equipment and technology based on particle pump (in the patent No. is the Chinese invention patent of CN02817599.9, disclosing); Be used for living beings such as preliminary treatment wheat straw, be used for the conversion of alcohol fuel then.But this structure of reactor is complicated, and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The prerequisite of [goal of the invention] living beings utilization is preliminary treatment, though have various pretreatment modes, these modes still to await raising the efficiency at present, reduces cost.Hydrothermal pretreatment is a kind of effective pre-processing mode, if can improve its efficient, reduces its cost, will help it to be used widely at industrially scalable.The present invention realizes serialization with the hydrothermal pretreatment process in the advantage that keeps hydrothermal pretreatment, increase its efficient, realizes the reuse of energy and hot water in the process, thereby cuts down the consumption of energy.
[design of the present invention] serialization is to improve an important means of reactor efficiency.Materials inside in the hydrothermal pretreatment process (mainly being water) pressure is high, need material temperature be reduced to below 100 ℃ after reaction finishes and material be taken out again.Though this is easier to realize in the hydrothermal reactor of intermittent operation, it is long to operate the required time, and needs cooling water.If directly fast material is produced through ball valve class valve, then can improve discharging speed, but energy loss is bigger, and mainly being high-temperature-hot-water, the loss of energy consumption is reduced to the energy loss under the room temperature from about 200 ℃.If the material in the reactor is realized liquid-solid separation in position; High-temp liquid reclaims also recycle in follow-up serialization preprocessing process; Solid after the processing takes out fast; Then can solve these problems of intermittent operation well, thereby improve preliminary treatment efficient, and reduce the preliminary treatment cost.
[technical scheme of the present invention] essential structure of the present invention such as accompanying drawing 1 and Fig. 2:
Its core is two or more high-pressure reaction pots 4, and high-pressure reaction pot 4 comprises a charging aperture 5 (high temperature resistant ball valve or other withstand voltage valves, for example Chinese patent 01218677.5 disclosed valve mechanism); With a discharging opening 10 (high temperature resistant ball valve or other valves, for example Chinese patent 201010215443.4 disclosed valves), be crushed to the certain size (biomass material of 1mm ~ 100mm); Get into from charging aperture 5, the hot water 21 in the hot-water cylinder 2 gets into high-pressure reaction pot 4 through pipeline from the hot water inlet stop valve of opening 12, and reactant 7 reaches the required temperature of preliminary treatment at short notice; And in high-pressure reaction pot, stop the required time, the processing time is started filter screen drive motors 6 after arriving; Drive filter screen 8 and move down, the material 23 after hydrolyzate 22 and the processing is separated, open hot water recovery tube stop valve 15 and hydrolyzate 22 is returned reuse in the hot-water cylinder 2 with high pressure centrifugal pump 31 along filter screen drive screw 9; After treating that hydrolyzate 22 recovery finish; Start screen cloth drive motors 17 with screen cloth 14 as for the home position, open pressure-air inlet shutoff valve 26 then, let the pressure-air in the storage tank 1 enter into high-pressure reaction pot; Treat to open discharging opening 25 after pressure reaches setting value; The inside and outside pressure differential of reactor is produced the material 28 of inside reactor, utilizes the further comminuting matter of shearing force, split fibre when realizing quickly discharging; Destroy cell wall structure, increase its specific area; Comprise 7 steps such as charging, water inlet, reaction, liquid-solid separation, hydrolyzate reuse, punching press and discharging a reaction time; A reactor is provided with two or more high-pressure reaction pots; When a retort is in the charging stage; Other reactors are in the into stages such as water, reaction, liquid-solid separation, hydrolyzate reuse, punching press and discharging, dispose suitable high-pressure reaction pot like this will make reactor be in continuous charging and discharging state, thereby have realized continuous preprocessing process.Reactor also can only dispose a high-pressure reaction pot as required and carry out periodic running.Reactor hot water in the hot-water cylinder 2 21 in running can be adsorbed in the material 28 after the processing and consumed gradually; High pressure centrifugal pump 18 is set starts additional running water in good time according to the liquid level in the hot-water cylinder 2; Keep the liquid level in the hot-water cylinder 2; The temperature that electric heating tube 20 timely adjustment heating powers maintenance hot water 21 is set simultaneously is in the required temperature of preliminary treatment, and the temperature of hot water 21 also can be kept through feeding high steam or other heat-supplying mode; Pressure-air in the reactor running in the storage tank 1 can be consumed, and air compressor 3 is set changes startup in good time according to the pressure in the air reservoir 1, keeps the pressure in the storage tank 1.
According to the pretreated needs of different living beings, the temperature of hot water is arranged between 160-280 ℃ in the hot-water cylinder 2, operate steadily for guaranteeing reactor, the volume settings of hot-water cylinder be all reaction under high pressure tank volume sums 1-2 doubly between.
According to the complexity of discharging, the pressure of storage tank 1 air is set between the 0.5-2MPa, the 1-10 that the volume of storage tank 1 is configured to single reaction under high pressure tank volume doubly between.
According to the scale and the needs of reactor, reactor can simply adopt the switch of manual control valve to move reactor; Also can use industrial computer to combine configuration software or other automatic control means to combine pneumatic or electrically operated valve forms full automatic reactor.
The present invention has following characteristics and advantage:
1. through being used alternatingly of two (or a plurality of) high-pressure reaction pots, having realized the continued operation of hydrothermal pretreatment, thereby improved pretreated efficient;
2. the holding vessel of hot water is placed separately, testing required temperature can reach at short notice, and need not long temperature-rise period, has shortened material like this in the time that inside reactor stops, and has guaranteed the accurate control of pretreatment condition;
3. through the reuse of hot water, significantly reduced the energy consumption of preprocessing process, thereby reduced the preliminary treatment cost, this is very important in commercial application;
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor,
Fig. 2 living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor mesohigh retort blowing sketch map
1, air accumulator; 2, hot-water cylinder; 3, air compressor; 4, high-pressure reaction pot (1); 5, charging aperture; 6, the filter screen drive motors; 7, reactant; 8, filter screen; 9, the filter screen drive screw; 10, discharging opening; 11, the pressure-air inlet shutoff valve; 12, the hot water inlet stop valve; 13, the pressure-air inlet shutoff valve; 14, filter screen; 15, hot water recovery tube stop valve; 16, the hot water inlet stop valve; 17, the filter screen drive motors; 18, high pressure centrifugal pump; 19, the cooling water inlet stop valve; 20, electric heating tube; 21, hot water; 22, hydrolyzate; 23, material; 24, hot water recovery tube stop valve; 25, discharging opening; 26, the pressure-air inlet shutoff valve; 27, filter screen; 28, material; 29, the filter screen drive motors; 30, the filter screen drive screw; 31, high pressure centrifugal pump; 32, high-pressure reaction pot (2).
The specific embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is further specified below.
Embodiment
A kind of living beings Continuous Heat water pretreatment reactor, as shown in Figure 1, its core is that two volumes are the high-pressure reaction pot 4 and 32 of 5L; High-pressure reaction pot comprises that a high temperature resistant ball valve as charging aperture 5 and discharging opening 10, is crushed to the maize straw of 10mm length, gets into from charging aperture 5; Hot water 21 in the hot-water cylinder 2 gets into high-pressure reaction pot 4 through pipeline from the hot water inlet stop valve of opening 12, and reactant 7 reaches 200 ℃ in 1min, and in high-pressure reaction pot, stops 10min; Processing time is started filter screen drive motors 6 after arriving, and drives filter screen 8 and moves down along filter screen drive screw 9; With hydrolyzate 22 with handle after material 23 separate, open hot water recovery tube stop valve 15 and hydrolyzate 22 returned reuse in the hot-water cylinder 2 with high pressure centrifugal pump 31, treat that hydrolyzate 22 recovery finish after; Start screen cloth drive motors 17 with screen cloth 14 as for the home position, open pressure-air inlet shutoff valve 26 then, let the pressure-air in the storage tank 1 enter into high-pressure reaction pot; Treat to open discharging opening 25 after pressure reaches 1MPa; The inside and outside pressure differential of reactor is produced the material 28 of inside reactor, utilizes the further comminuting matter of shearing force, split fibre when realizing quickly discharging; Destroy cell wall structure, increase its specific area; Comprise 7 steps such as charging, water inlet, reaction, liquid-solid separation, hydrolyzate reuse, punching press and discharging a reaction time; A reactor is provided with two high-pressure reaction pots 4 and 32; When a retort is in the charging stage; Other retort is in other interstages, thereby realized continuous preprocessing process.The reactor configurations volume is the hot-water line of 20L; Reactor hot water in the hot-water cylinder 2 21 in running can be adsorbed in the material 28 after the processing and consumed gradually; High pressure centrifugal pump 18 is set starts additional running water in good time according to the liquid level in the hot-water cylinder 2; Keep the liquid level in the hot-water cylinder 2, the temperature that electric heating tube 20 timely adjustment heating powers maintenance hot water 21 is set simultaneously is at 210 ℃; The air reservoir of reactor configurations 50L, the pressure-air in the reactor running in the storage tank 1 can consume, and air compressor 3 is set changes in good time according to the pressure in the air reservoir 1 and start, and keeps pressure in the storage tank 1 at 1.2MPa.
This reactor uses industrial computer to combine configuration software and operated pneumatic valve to form full automatic reactor.
Claims (9)
1. living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor, it is characterized in that: this reactor is made up of two or more high-pressure reaction pots (4) (32), hot water supply and recovery system and pressure-air supply system.
2. a kind of living beings Continuous Heat water pretreatment reactor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described high-pressure reaction pot is made up of charging aperture (5), discharging opening (10), equipment for separating liquid from solid.
3. high-pressure reaction pot as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described charging aperture (5) is manual, pneumatic or electronic high temperature high voltage resistant ball valve or other withstand voltage valves.
4. high-pressure reaction pot as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described discharging opening (10) is manual, pneumatic or electronic high temperature high voltage resistant ball valve or other withstand voltage valves.
5. high-pressure reaction pot as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that: described equipment for separating liquid from solid comprises screen cloth (8), screen cloth drive motors (6) (17) and screen cloth drive screw (9) composition; Mesh size is 1-10mm; Screen cloth passes drive screw, before the high-pressure reaction pot charging, is positioned a jar inner top through the screen cloth drive motors, after retort charging, water inlet, reaction finish; Drive the screen cloth drive screw through drive motors screen cloth is reduced to reactor bottom from the jar inner top, in this process, the material after hydrolyzate and the processing is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid.
6. living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: described hot water supply and recovery system comprise hot-water cylinder (2), high pressure centrifugal pump (18), pipeline and stop valve (19); In the reactor running, high pressure centrifugal pump (18) is opened the liquid level in the maintaining heat water pot according to the liquid level in the hot-water cylinder, the heater in the hot-water cylinder (20) according to the adjustment heating power of hot water in the hot-water cylinder to keep the temperature of hot water; After high-pressure reaction pot (4) (32) charging finishes; Open corresponding hot water inlet stop valve (12) (16), the hot water in the hot-water cylinder (21) will flow in the high-pressure reaction pot (4) (32) under pressure voluntarily, and question response finishes; After liquid-solid separation is accomplished; Open hot water recovery tube stop valve (24) (15), hydrolyzate (22) is returned hot-water cylinder (2), realize the recycle and reuse of hot water (21) through the effect of high pressure centrifugal pump (31).
7. like the said living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment of claim 6 reactor; It is characterized in that; In described hot water supply and the recovery system; The temperature of hot water (21) is arranged between 160-280 ℃ in the hot-water cylinder (2), operates steadily for guaranteeing reactor, and the volume settings of hot-water cylinder (2) be between 1-2 times of all high-pressure reaction pots (4) (32) volume sum.
8. living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: described pressure-air supply system is made up of storage tank (1) and air compressor (3) and corresponding pipeline and stop valve (11) (13); In the reactor running, material (7) reaction in the high-pressure reaction pot (4) (32) is accomplished, and after carrying out liquid-solid separation; Open pressure-air inlet shutoff valve (11) (13); Pressure-air in the storage tank (1) gets in the high-pressure reaction pot (4) (32), opens discharging opening (10) (25) subsequently, and material (28) will be produced high-pressure reaction pot (4) (32); Air pressure settings in the storage tank (1) starts air compressor (3) automatically and keeps the air pressure in the storage tank to certain scope after the pressure in the storage tank (1) is lower than this scope.
9. living beings continuous hydrothermal pre-treatment reactor as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that: said pressure-air supply system; The pressure of storage tank (1) air is set between the 0.5-2MPa, the 1-10 that the volume of storage tank (1) is configured to single high-pressure reaction pot (4) (32) volume doubly between.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN106108008A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-16 | 丽江师范高等专科学校 | A kind of extracting method of effective component in Maka |
| CN112774597A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-05-11 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Double-tank circulating hydrothermal reaction device and operation method |
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