CN102676242B - 超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法 - Google Patents

超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法 Download PDF

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CN102676242B
CN102676242B CN201210179535.0A CN201210179535A CN102676242B CN 102676242 B CN102676242 B CN 102676242B CN 201210179535 A CN201210179535 A CN 201210179535A CN 102676242 B CN102676242 B CN 102676242B
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CN102676242A (zh
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苏有勇
王�华
叶节连
吴桢芬
潘奇林
陈恒杰
施航
韩挺
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物柴油的方法,将农林废弃物与甲醇质量比为100:20~30的比例混合,再加入农林废弃物质量2~5%的固体酸催化剂,开启微波加热裂解,控制反应温度250~350℃,反应压力10~15MPa,反应时间为30~60分钟;反应结束后经静置、分离和回收甲醇即得到脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。本发明将微波裂解和超临界甲醇酯化反应有机结合,具有工艺简单,反应时间短,效率高、原料成本低等优点。

Description

超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制备生物柴油的方法,特别涉及超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法,属生物能源技术领域。
背景技术
目前,生物柴油主要以各种动植物油脂、微生物油脂、废弃餐饮油、植物油加工的下脚料等为原料制备,经过酯交换反应制备得到。生物柴油制备成本中75%是原料成本,价格高是生物柴油替代燃料商品化的主要障碍,寻求廉价原料和高效的生物柴油加工技术成为生物柴油产业化发展的关键。在我国,每年各种农林废弃物的产量非常可观,将这些原料制备成生物柴油,一方面可为这些废弃物的再利用提供出路,同时也解决了生物柴油的原料问题。
发明内容
为解决生物柴油制备成本高等问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法,通过下列技术方案实现。
一种超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法,经过下列各步骤:
(1)将粉碎的农林废弃物与甲醇按质量比为100︰20~30的比例混合,再加入农林废弃物质量的2~5%的固体酸催化剂,然后在反应温度为250~350℃、反应压力为10~15MPa的条件下进行微波加热30~60分钟;
(2)反应结束后将步骤(1)所得产物经过滤分离出液态产物和未反应的原料,将液态产物的甲醇进行回收后即得到生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)。
所述步骤(1)的农林废弃物为农作物秸秆(如小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、稻谷秸秆等)、农业加工剩余物(如稻壳、蔗渣、玉米芯等)、锯末。
所述步骤(1)的粉碎是将农林废弃物粉碎至50~100目。
所述步骤(1)的固体酸催化剂为SO4 2-/ZrO2、SO4 2-/TiO2、SO4 2-/ZrO2-TiO2、SO4 2-/TiO2-Fe2O3型固体酸。
所述步骤(1)的微波加热是在功率为500~1000W、频率为50Hz的微波条件下进行。
本发明的优点及积极效果:
本发明将微波裂解和超临界甲醇酯化反应有机结合,一方面利用微波裂解具有快速的特点,另一方面在裂解的同时将裂解产物及时酯化得到生物柴油,具有工艺简单,反应时间短,效率高,原料成本低等优点。
具体实施方式
下面以实例进一步说明本发明的实质内容,但本发明的内容并不限于此。
实施例1
(1)将粉碎至50目的小麦秸秆、与甲醇按质量比为100︰20的比例混合,再加入农林废弃物质量的2%的固体酸催化剂SO4 2-/ZrO2型固体酸,然后在反应温度为250℃、反应压力为10MPa下以功率为500W、频率为50Hz的微波条件进行微波加热30分钟;
(2)反应结束后将步骤(1)所得产物经过滤分离出液态产物和未反应的原料,将液态产物的甲醇进行回收后即得到生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)。
实施例2
(1)将粉碎至80目的蔗渣与甲醇按质量比为100︰25的比例混合,再加入农林废弃物质量的3%的固体酸催化剂SO4 2-/TiO2型固体酸,然后在反应温度为300℃、反应压力为12MPa下以功率为800W、频率为50Hz的微波条件进行微波加热60分钟;
(2)反应结束后将步骤(1)所得产物经过滤分离出液态产物和未反应的原料,将液态产物的甲醇进行回收后即得到生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)。
实施例3
(1)将粉碎至100目的锯末与甲醇按质量比为100︰30的比例混合,再加入农林废弃物质量的2%的固体酸催化剂SO4 2-/ZrO2-TiO2型固体酸,然后在反应温度为350℃、反应压力为15MPa下以功率为1000W、频率为50Hz的微波条件进行微波加热50分钟;
(2)反应结束后将步骤(1)所得产物经过滤分离出液态产物和未反应的原料,将液态产物的甲醇进行回收后即得到生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)。
实施例4
(1)将粉碎至60目的稻谷秸秆与甲醇按质量比为100︰25的比例混合,再加入农林废弃物质量的5%的固体酸催化剂SO4 2-/TiO2-Fe2O3型固体酸,然后在反应温度为300℃、反应压力为12MPa下以功率为800W、频率为50Hz的微波条件进行微波加热40分钟;
(2)反应结束后将步骤(1)所得产物经过滤分离出液态产物和未反应的原料,将液态产物的甲醇进行回收后即得到生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)。

Claims (2)

1.一种超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法,其特征在于经过下列各步骤:
(1)将粉碎至50~100目的农林废弃物与甲醇按质量比为100︰20~30的比例混合,再加入农林废弃物质量的2~5%的固体酸催化剂,然后在反应温度为250~350℃、反应压力为10~15MPa的条件下进行微波加热30~60分钟,微波加热的功率为500~1000W、频率为50Hz,其中固体酸催化剂为SO4 2-/ZrO2、SO4 2-/TiO2、SO4 2-/ZrO2-TiO2、SO4 2-/TiO2-Fe2O3型固体酸;
(2)反应结束后将步骤(1)所得产物经过滤分离出液态产物和未反应的原料,将液态产物的甲醇进行回收后即得到生物柴油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的农林废弃物为农作物秸秆、农业加工剩余物、锯末。
CN201210179535.0A 2012-06-04 2012-06-04 超临界甲醇微波裂解固体酸催化农林废弃物制备生物油的方法 Active CN102676242B (zh)

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