CN102673393A - 用于汽车的传动结构 - Google Patents
用于汽车的传动结构 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102673393A CN102673393A CN2012101052606A CN201210105260A CN102673393A CN 102673393 A CN102673393 A CN 102673393A CN 2012101052606 A CN2012101052606 A CN 2012101052606A CN 201210105260 A CN201210105260 A CN 201210105260A CN 102673393 A CN102673393 A CN 102673393A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- change
- clutch
- shaft
- driven
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
- B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
- B60K17/3467—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear combined with a change speed gearing, e.g. range gear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
- B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/065—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
- F16H2003/0931—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts each countershaft having an output gear meshing with a single common gear on the output shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
- F16H2003/0933—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with coaxial countershafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/0017—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for four-wheel-driven vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
- F16H37/042—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
- F16H37/043—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement without gears having orbital motion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
- Y10T74/19228—Multiple concentric clutch shafts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
- Y10T74/19233—Plurality of counter shafts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
- Y10T74/19242—Combined gear and clutch
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
- Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于具有两个被驱动的车轴的汽车的传动结构,其中可接通或切断至少一个车轴,所述传动结构具有变速器,该变速器带有至少一个输入轴、两个分别对一个车轴进行驱动的从动轴和多个可通过齿轮与同步离合器切换的前进档位,必要时还带有倒车档位。为了提供能以简单的方式切换为不同的传动方式的传动结构,提出,变速器(10;50)分成两个分变速器,其中的一个分变速器通过一部分前进档位和一个从动轴(18;58)仅传动到第一车轴(12)上,而第二分变速器则通过其余的前进档位必要时还通过倒车档位传动到两个从动轴(18、20;58、60)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于具有两个被驱动的车轴的汽车的传动结构。
背景技术
这种传动结构主要分为常用传动***和所谓的附加***,常用传动***带有接于其间的中央差速器,以避免在传动***中的应变,附加***带有在传动系中与汽车的一个车轴整合在一起的粘性离合器等。附加***中第二车轴仅在车轮出现打滑时才激活。
针对可移动作业设备比如轮式装载机,DE 1455901A1也已提出,给高速档位(例如为了使得作业设备转移至另一使用地点)设置有附加的离合器,在接通高速档位时,该离合器自动地取消全轮驱动,或者仅将驱动力矩传递到一个车轴上。该措施的背景尤其是,切断对于作业运行特别高传动比的变速器部分,以避免高速档位时高的转速负荷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提出一种所述类型的传动结构,对于具有多个前进档位(例如具有多至8个档位)的汽车,在传动/输出动力(Abtrieb)到两个车轴上的情况下,所述传动结构能实现有利的传动效率和在构造和控制技术上简单的变速器结构。
根据本发明,该目的通过权利要求1的特征得以实现。本发明的有利改进可由其它权利要求得到。
根据本发明提出,将变速器分成两个分变速器,其中的一个分变速器通过多个前进档位和一个从动轴仅传动到第一车轴上,而第二分变速器则通过其它前进档位必要时还通过倒车档位传动到两个从动轴上。本发明的目的尤其在于,在具有较高输出转矩的前进档位中驱动汽车的两个车轴,而在具有较低输出转矩的前进档位中仅驱动汽车的一个车轴。所述分变速器只需在功能上通过变速器部件的相应接合来实现,因而几乎无需额外成本。
特别是提出,对于具有多个例如至少五个前进档位的变速器而言,至少最低的前进档位或多个低前进档位,例如两个或三个较低的前进档位,必要时还有倒车档位,都配属于对两个从动轴进行驱动的第二分变速器,而转成高速档的较高的前进档位,至少一个最高档位,仅驱动一个车轴,例如汽车的前轴。
在这里,可以把两个分变速器设置在一个统一的变速器壳体中,其中两个同轴地支撑在变速器壳体中的从动轴可通过仅一个附加地需要的可切换的离合器相互连接。若利用在另一车轴或另一车轴传动机构上的相应的解耦机构能使得整个车轴传动机构处于静止,则尤其需要该附加的离合器。
在本发明的有利改进中,可切换的离合器可以是双同步离合器,在该双同步离合器的一个切换位置,两个从动轴相互耦接,而在其另一切换位置,可接通另一前进档位,特别是转成高速档的E-档位,该档位通过第一从动轴仅传动到汽车的一个车轴上。如果在变速器中已设置有这种E-档位,则可以相应地对接通其的离合器加以改型。
按照在构造和传动技术上特别有利的方式,变速器的第二从动轴可以是空心轴,该空心轴驱动后接的中央差速器,该中央差速器的一个输出部件与可切断的车轴连接,其另一输出部件则往回穿过该空心的从动轴,且可通过可切换的离合器或双同步离合器与第一从动轴耦接。由此还使得中央差速器的布置简单,该中央差速器能后接地以简单的方式与变速器适配,而在未要求全轮驱动时则可以将其省去,而不必明显地改变变速器结构。
在本发明的另一有利的设计中,变速器可以是带有两个同轴地支撑的输入轴的双离合变速器,所述输入轴可交替地通过双离合器被驱动机加载,且在分成两个分变速器的情况下,通过具有多个前进档位的第一分变速器传动到仅通往汽车的一个车轴的第一从动轴上,并通过第二分变速器利用多个前进档位必要时还利用倒车档位传动到与第一从动轴轴向平行地设置的第二从动轴上,该第二从动轴还通过一齿轮组与第一从动轴耦接。通过相应设计和配属前进档位到两个输入轴和两个从动轴上,即可实现给较低的和较高的前进档位配属两种传动方式(仅传动到一个车轴或传动到两个车轴),而无需附加的离合器。
在这里,第二从动轴也可以是空心轴,并驱动一后接的中央差速器的差速器壳体,该中央差速器通过第一输出轴驱动汽车的第二车轴,并往回穿过空心轴通过第二输出轴在传动上通过齿轮组与第一从动轴耦接。
此外,为了实现简单的变速器结构,可以把第二分变速器的对两个车轴进行驱动的前进档位和必要时还有倒车档位的可切换的活动齿轮设置在被设计成空心轴的第二从动轴上,由此在无需附加的可切换的离合器的情况下产生到第一从动轴和第二从动轴或输出轴的传动连接,用于驱动两个车轴。
作为替代方案,可以在第二从动轴上或者在中央差速器的输出轴上设置双离合器,用于驱动汽车的一个车轴,该双离合器在一个切换位置使得两个分变速器相互耦接,而在另一个切换位置则主动切换到/接通一带有在从动轴或输出轴上的活动齿轮和在输入轴上的固定齿轮的附加的前进档位,从而通过一附加的离合器可同时接通另一前进档位特别是E-档位。
最后,针对双离合变速器还可以规定,在汽车的行驶状态下,若仅有一个车轴受驱动,在出现车轮打滑时,通过双离合器机构的第二离合器在离合器打滑运行受控的情况下暂时地接通一传动到两个车轴上的前进档位。这种措施可相对简单地实现,这是因为这种双离合器(多数情况下为液压控制的膜片式离合器)本来就以打滑控制方式工作,以便在无牵引力中断的情况下实现舒适的换档。
附图说明
下面进一步详细地介绍本发明的多个实施例。示意图为:
图1是一种为前轮驱动和后轴驱动而设计的变速器的方框图,其带有多个前进档位1至6和一个倒车档位R,其中档位R、1至4作为一个分变速器传动/输出动力(abtreiben)到两个从动轴上,而其余的档位作为第二分变速器仅传动到前轴上;
图2示出根据图1的变速器,其带有一附加的前进档位,该前进档位可通过一个要么耦接两个从动轴的要么接通前进档位的双同步离合器来激活/切换;
图3示出一种双离合变速器,其也带有两个分变速器,这些分变速器的档位R和1至3传动到汽车的两个车轴上,而档位4至7仅传动到前轴上;和
图4示出根据图3的双离合变速器,然而带有附加的双同步离合器,借助该双同步离合器可接入附加的前进档位,或者可耦接传动到两个车轴上的从动轴。
具体实施方式
在图1中以方框图示出汽车传动结构的变速器10,其带有集成的前轴差速器12,在该变速器的壳体14中可转动地支撑有变速器输入轴16和与其轴向平行的两个同轴设置的从动轴18、20。
变速器10分别具有一个倒车档位R和包括固定齿轮和活动齿轮(无附图标记)的前进档位1至6,这些档位设置在输入轴16和从动轴18、20上,且通过共同标有22的双同步离合器来激活,针对倒车档位R可另外通过一单同步离合器24(Einfach-Synchronkupplung)来激活。在齿轮级R中以公知的方式接入倒档齿轮。同步离合器22、24以对于变速器来说常用的构造方式来设计。
变速器10的从动轴18通过另一齿轮组26传动到在旁侧安装的差速器12上,该差速器通过横向于输入轴16伸展的半轴28来驱动汽车的前轮。
另一从动轴20是空心轴,其作用于仅仅示意表示的中央差速器/分配器差速器(Verteilerdifferenzial)32的差速器壳体30上。中央差速器32的输出轴36与后面的驱动汽车后轮的差速器传动连接(未示出),而第二输出轴34则往回(Rücktrieb)或者说反向穿过空心轴20伸展至可形状配合地切换的离合器K,利用该离合器可使得从动轴18与输出轴34耦接。
离合器K也是单同步离合器。变速器10的对离合器K和同步离合器22、24进行操纵的切换机构未示出,但它们可以经过适当设计,使得在挂上档位R和1至4时,离合器K自动闭合,而在档位5和6中,离合器K断开。
通过飞轮38和分离离合器40由汽车的驱动机驱动的输入轴16通过功能上作为第一分变速器的前进档位1至4和倒车档位R来驱动从动轴或空心轴20,该从动轴或空心轴20通过中央差速器32和输出轴34、36来驱动汽车的后轮,并且在离合器K闭合时,还连同从动轴18在全轮驱动中驱动汽车的前轮。
在前进档位5和6中,在离合器K断开时,作为第二分变速器,输入轴16仅传动到从动轴18上,或者说通过前面的差速器12传动到汽车的前轮上,而输出轴34进而从功能上说从动轴20连同中央差速器32被脱离耦接。
因而在相应地接通同步离合器22、24且离合器K自动闭合的情况下,在档位R和1至4总是向前或向后驱动汽车的所有轮,而在挂上前进档位5和6且离合器K自动断开的情况下,仅驱动汽车的前轮。
图2示出图1中所示类型的另一变速器10′,但这里设有转成高速档的另一个即第7个前进档位。该前进档位包括一齿轮组,该齿轮组带有输入轴16上的固定齿轮42和从动轴18上的活动齿轮44。
该另一前进档位7可通过离合器K2来切换,该离合器设计成已知的双同步离合器,且从中间位置起要么使中央差速器32的输出轴34与从动轴18耦接,要么在另一切换位置激活用于第7档位的齿轮级42、44。
因此,通过离合器K2的变型方案,在相应地设计变速器10′的切换机构的情况下,除了从全轮驱动(档位R和1至4)切换到前轮驱动(档位5至6)外,还可以接通第7档位,该档位尤其为特别有速度经济性(drehzahlschonend)的高速档位。在这里,离合器K2在档位5和6中处于中间位置,或者在档位R和1至4中处于接通位置,在该接通位置处离合器K2使得两个轴18、34相互耦接,但或者也可以处于另一相反的切换位置,在该相反的切换位置处离合器K2将第7档位激活。
图3示出替代图1和2的变速器50,它是双离合变速器。功能上相同的部分标有相同的附图标记。
变速器50具有两个同轴的变速器输入轴52、54,其中的一个输入轴54是空心轴,第二输入轴52穿过该空心轴延伸。
通过一个双离合器56来驱动两个输入轴52、54,该双离合器交替地使得驱动机的驱动力矩通过飞轮(或ZMS)38传递到输入轴52、54上。双离合器56按照公知的方式由两个湿式运行的液压受控的膜片式离合器组成。
输入轴52、54通过均带有活动齿轮和固定齿轮(无附图标记)的档位齿轮组R和1至7传动到两个从动轴58、60上,其中从动轴60也是空心轴。
可通过多个双同步离合器22借助未示出的切换机构来激活前进档位1至7和倒车档位R。
空心的从动轴60驱动中央差速器32的差速器壳体30,该中央差速器的输出轴36按照未示出的方式驱动后车轴差速器或汽车的后轮。
中央差速器32的第二输出轴34则往回穿过从动轴60向前伸展,并装有齿轮传动机构64的齿轮62,该齿轮传动机构还包括从动轴58上的另一齿轮66和对前车轴差速器12进行驱动的齿轮68。
从动轴58、60连同输出轴34相对于变速器50的输入轴52、54在周向上彼此错开地布置成,使得其传动的齿轮62、66不同于附图3而持久地与齿轮68啮合(用虚线示出)。
档位级4、6、5、7的可通过同步离合器22切换的活动齿轮设置在输入轴52、54上,而其固定齿轮则如所示那样固定在从动轴58上。
此外,档位级R、1至3的活动齿轮支撑在空心的从动轴60上,且可通过其它同步离合器22来切换,而对应的固定齿轮则设置在输入轴52、54上。
由此在功能上得到两个分变速器,其中的一个分变速器在前进档位4至7中仅传动到前轴差速器12上,而输出轴34、中央差速器32和从动空心轴60被切换成无驱动的(空心的从动轴60可以自由转动)。
在档位级R和1至3中,输入轴52、54交替地传动到从动轴60上,并由该从动轴通过中央差速器32传动到用于后轮的输出轴36上和传动到输出轴34上,该输出轴34还通过齿轮组64驱动前轴差速器12或汽车前轮。
此外,在传动技术上按照在双离合变速器中公知的方式来设计配属于输入轴52、54和从动轴58、60的前进档位级1至7,使得相邻的前进档位(例如由三档到四档)在力流中分别配属于不同的输入轴(例如档位级3通过输入轴52、档位级4通过输入轴54,等等),由此可交替地通过双离合器56的两个分离离合器来激活。
由此在相应地设计变速器50的电子控制机构并特别是对汽车的受驱动车轮的车轮打滑状况进行监视的情况下,可以例如在第4前进档位(仅前车轴驱动)中,在前轮出现不允许的车轮打滑现象时,通过相应的同步离合器22的闭合和第二分离离合器的打滑控制的闭合,来接通第3前进档位,并附加地把驱动力矩施加到后轮上。不言而喻,这种设计方式由于在两个档位级中的转速差而只能临时性地且在车轮严重打滑时才可行。
图4示出另一双离合变速器50′,对此仅介绍其与图3的双离合变速器50的差别。相同的部分标有相同的附图标记。
根据图4,在输出轴34上,在中央差速器32与齿轮级64的传动的齿轮62之间装有一双离合器K2,从中间位置起,在一个切换位置,该双离合器K2连续接通输出轴34,而在另一个切换位置,该双离合器K2将可转动地支撑在输出轴34的前部区段34a上的活动齿轮70与输入轴52上的固定齿轮72耦接,由此激活第8前进档位(E-档位)。在这里,力流从输入轴52传递到输出轴34的脱离耦接的区段34a上,并通过齿轮组64传递到前轴差速器12上。
双离合器K2优选也是已知的双同步离合器。
若按照已知的方式将中央差速器32设计成自锁差速器,则在双离合器K2的一切换位置(在此切换位置处区段34a与另一平衡轴(Ausgleichswelle)34连接),对于档位4至7也将短期时间地全轮驱动,在这里,力流经由从动轴58和齿轮组64向后传递到输出轴34上,并通过中央差速器32的止锁功能从输出轴34传递到输出轴36,再传递到汽车的后轮上。
在双离合器K2的中间位置,输出轴34中断或者与齿轮组64脱离耦接。
因此,第8前进档位也只能传动到前车轴差速器12上,这是因为在双离合器K2的相应的切换位置,输出轴34与中央差速器32同样脱离耦接。
本发明不局限于所述实施例。必要情况下,离合器K或双离合器K2也可以是液压控制的膜片式离合器。所述分变速器必要时也可以设置在两个变速器壳体中,其中具有驱动轴和从动轴的彼此的相应连接(例如插接连接)。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于具有两个被驱动的车轴的汽车的传动结构,其中能接通或切断车轴中的至少一个,所述传动结构具有一变速器,该变速器具有至少一个输入轴、两个分别对一个车轴进行驱动的从动轴以及带有多个能通过齿轮和同步离合器切换的前进档位,必要时还带有倒车档位,其特征在于,所述变速器(10;50)分成两个分变速器,其中的一个分变速器通过一部分前进档位和一个从动轴(18;58)仅传动到第一车轴(12)上,而第二分变速器则通过其余的前进档位必要时还通过倒车档位传动到两个从动轴(18、20;58、60)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动结构,其特征在于,对于带有多个前进档位的变速器(10;50)而言,至少最低的前进档位或多个低前进档位,特别是两个或三个较低的前进档位,必要时还有倒车档位,都配属于对两个从动轴(18、20;58、60)进行驱动的第二分变速器。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的传动结构,其特征在于,所述两个分变速器设置在一个统一的变速器壳体(14)中,其中两个同轴地支撑在变速器壳体(14)中的从动轴(18、20)能通过可切换的离合器(K;K2)相互连接。
4.如权利要求3所述的传动结构,其特征在于,所述可切换的离合器(K2)是双同步离合器,在该双同步离合器的一个切换位置,两个从动轴(18、20)相互耦接,而在该双同步离合器的另一切换位置,能接通另一前进档位(7),特别是转成高速档的E-档位,该档位通过第一从动轴(18)仅传动到汽车的一个车轴(12)上。
5.如前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动结构,其特征在于,所述变速器(10)的第二从动轴(20)是空心轴,该空心轴驱动后接的中央差速器(32),该中央差速器的一个输出部件(36)能与可切断的车轴耦接,该中央差速器的另一输出部件(34)则往回穿过空心的从动轴(20)且能通过可切换的离合器(K;K2)与第一从动轴(18)耦接。
6.如前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动结构,其特征在于,所述变速器是带有两个同轴地支撑的输入轴(52、54)的双离合变速器(50),所述输入轴能交替地通过双离合器(56)被驱动机加载,且在分成两个分变速器的情况下,通过具有多个前进档位的第一分变速器传动到仅通往汽车的一个车轴(12)的第一从动轴(58)上,以及通过第二分变速器利用多个前进档位必要时还利用倒车档位传动到与第一从动轴(58)轴向平行地设置的第二从动轴(60)上,该第二从动轴还通过一齿轮组(64)与第一从动轴(58)耦接。
7.如权利要求6所述的传动结构,其特征在于,所述第二从动轴(60)是空心轴,并驱动后接的中央差速器(32)的差速器壳体(30),该中央差速器通过第一输出轴(36)驱动汽车的第二车轴,并往回穿过空心轴(60)通过第二输出轴(34)在传动上通过齿轮组(64)与第一从动轴(58)耦接。
8.如权利要求7所述的传动结构,其特征在于,第二分变速器的对两个车轴进行驱动的前进档位的可切换的活动齿轮,必要时还有第二部分变速器的倒车档位的可切换的活动齿轮,设置在被设计成空心轴的第二从动轴(60)上,由此在无需附加的可切换的离合器的情况下产生到第一从动轴(58)和第二从动轴(60)或输出轴(34)上的传动连接,用于驱动两个车轴。
9.如权利要求6或7所述的传动结构,其特征在于,在所述第二从动轴上或者在中央差速器(32)的输出轴(34)上设置一双离合器(K2)以用于驱动汽车的一个车轴(12),该双离合器在一个切换位置使得两个分变速器相互耦接,而在另一个切换位置则主动地切入或者激活一带有在从动轴或输出轴(34a)上的活动齿轮(70)和在输入轴(52)上的固定齿轮(72)的附加的前进档位(8)。
10.如权利要求6至9中任一项所述的传动结构,其特征在于,在仅有一个车轴(12)受驱动的行驶状态下,在出现车轮打滑时,临时地通过双离合器机构(56)的第二分离离合器在分离离合器打滑运行受控的情况下接通一传动到两个车轴上的前进档位。
11.如前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动结构,其特征在于,在汽车只有一个车轴(12)受驱动的行驶状态(档位R、1至3)下,通过使输出轴(34)经齿轮级(64)和双离合器(K2)与第一从动轴(58)耦接,能临时地进行一带第二车轴的全轮驱动,其中,力流直接通过设计成自锁式差速器的中央差速器(32)传递到通往第二车轴的第二输出轴(36)上。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011011171.9 | 2011-02-14 | ||
DE102011011171A DE102011011171A1 (de) | 2011-02-14 | 2011-02-14 | Antriebsanordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102673393A true CN102673393A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
CN102673393B CN102673393B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
Family
ID=45654921
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210105260.6A Expired - Fee Related CN102673393B (zh) | 2011-02-14 | 2012-02-14 | 用于汽车的传动结构 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8746096B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2487061B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102673393B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102011011171A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104755805A (zh) * | 2012-10-30 | 2015-07-01 | 奥迪股份公司 | 双离合变速器 |
CN106274443A (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | 双同步离合器及行星齿轮耦合双电机动力*** |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012020884A1 (de) | 2012-10-24 | 2014-04-24 | Audi Ag | Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe für Kraftfahrzeuge |
DE102012021599B4 (de) | 2012-10-30 | 2018-10-04 | Audi Ag | Schaltvorrichtung für ein Doppelkupplungsgetriebe |
DE102012021292A1 (de) | 2012-10-30 | 2014-04-30 | Audi Ag | Antriebsvorrichtung für ein Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe |
CN112780744A (zh) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-11 | 武汉理工大学 | 紧凑型全时四驱车辆的变速器 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5640882A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1997-06-24 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag | Indirect manual transmission for motor vehicles having cross-country |
EP0984202A1 (de) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-08 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc., A subsidiary of Ford Motor Company | Wechselgetriebe in 3-Wellenbauweise, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
US7377191B2 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2008-05-27 | Daimler Ag | Double clutch transmission |
CN101586642A (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-11-25 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种双离合器自动变速器 |
US20090305833A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Multi-group transmission of a motor vehicle |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1455901A1 (de) | 1965-08-27 | 1969-05-29 | Rheinstahl Hanomag Ag | Lastschaltgetriebe |
US4610177A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1986-09-09 | General Motors Corporation | Preselected multiratio transmission |
GB2181395B (en) * | 1985-10-12 | 1988-10-19 | Kubota Ltd | Wheel drive mode changeover apparatus |
DE4205668C2 (de) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-09-29 | Porsche Ag | Gangschaltgetriebe eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
JP2956364B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-02 | 1999-10-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 手動式歯車変速機 |
DE19548622C1 (de) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-05-07 | Ford Werke Ag | Zugkraftunterbrechungsfrei schaltbares Vorgelege-Wechselgetriebe für Kraftfahrzeuge |
GB9611855D0 (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 1996-08-07 | Rover Group | A power train for a motor vehicle |
WO2000039484A1 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-06 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Zahnräderwechselgetriebe mit zwei im kraftfluss parallel zueinander angeordneten teilgetrieben |
FR2789743A1 (fr) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-18 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Boite de vitesses automatique |
DE19960621B4 (de) * | 1999-12-16 | 2006-12-21 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Hybridantrieb für Fahrzeuge |
JP2002087091A (ja) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-26 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 4輪駆動車のトランスミッション |
JP4519296B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-14 | 2010-08-04 | 富士重工業株式会社 | 4輪駆動車のトランスミッション装置 |
KR100569140B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-10 | 2006-04-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 이중 클러치 변속기 |
DE102004022413B4 (de) * | 2004-05-06 | 2010-04-15 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Doppelkupplungsgetriebe |
DE102004041525B4 (de) * | 2004-08-27 | 2012-01-26 | Gm Global Technology Operations Llc (N.D.Ges.D. Staates Delaware) | Lastschaltgetriebe und Schaltverfahren dafür |
DE102005005942A1 (de) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-31 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Doppelkupplungsgetriebe |
DE102005035328B4 (de) * | 2005-07-28 | 2015-04-09 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Doppelkupplungsgetriebe mit integrierter Elektromaschine und dessen Anwendung |
DE102006050972B4 (de) * | 2006-10-20 | 2013-07-25 | Getrag Getriebe- Und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer Gmbh & Cie Kg | Allrad-Antriebsstrang für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102007040449A1 (de) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-05 | Daimler Ag | Zahnräderwechselgetriebe |
CA2657637C (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2016-09-20 | Magna Powertrain Usa, Inc. | Electric dual input clutch transmission |
DE102008047288A1 (de) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-15 | Dr.Ing.H.C.F.Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Hybridantrieb für ein Fahrzeug |
DE102011011170A1 (de) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-08-16 | Audi Ag | Geschwindigkeits-Wechselgetriebe für Kraftfahrzeuge |
-
2011
- 2011-02-14 DE DE102011011171A patent/DE102011011171A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-02-09 EP EP12000837.0A patent/EP2487061B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-02-10 US US13/370,932 patent/US8746096B2/en active Active
- 2012-02-14 CN CN201210105260.6A patent/CN102673393B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5640882A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1997-06-24 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag | Indirect manual transmission for motor vehicles having cross-country |
EP0984202A1 (de) * | 1998-08-25 | 2000-03-08 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc., A subsidiary of Ford Motor Company | Wechselgetriebe in 3-Wellenbauweise, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
US7377191B2 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2008-05-27 | Daimler Ag | Double clutch transmission |
US20090305833A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Multi-group transmission of a motor vehicle |
CN101586642A (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-11-25 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种双离合器自动变速器 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104755805A (zh) * | 2012-10-30 | 2015-07-01 | 奥迪股份公司 | 双离合变速器 |
US9714698B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2017-07-25 | Audi Ag | Dual clutch transmission |
CN106274443A (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | 双同步离合器及行星齿轮耦合双电机动力*** |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8746096B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
DE102011011171A1 (de) | 2012-08-16 |
EP2487061B1 (de) | 2013-04-24 |
EP2487061A1 (de) | 2012-08-15 |
US20120240699A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
CN102673393B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9586470B2 (en) | Powertrain for hybrid vehicle | |
CN102673393A (zh) | 用于汽车的传动结构 | |
EP2510259B1 (en) | Powershift transmission for a motor vehicle | |
EP2883732B1 (en) | A dual-clutch seven speed transmission arrangement for a hybrid vehicle and method therefore | |
CN108027029B (zh) | 总变速器以及农业做功机械 | |
JP6656369B2 (ja) | 車両のパワートレイン | |
US11850928B2 (en) | Electric drive axle for a vehicle | |
CN104870861B (zh) | 双离合变速器 | |
KR20130030506A (ko) | 차량의 하이브리드 파워트레인 | |
US20150321662A1 (en) | Powertrain for Hybrid Vehicle | |
CN101918738B (zh) | 带八档位变速箱的驱动*** | |
JP2009537770A (ja) | マルチグループ変速機及びマルチグループ変速機での変速のための方法 | |
JP2021516644A (ja) | 車両用デュアル動力源デュアル駆動アセンブリ | |
US20140190309A1 (en) | Motor vehicle drive train and method of operating a drive train | |
US20220185095A1 (en) | Transmission Assembly for a Motor Vehicle Powertrain, Powertrain, and Method for Controlling Same | |
CN113518725A (zh) | 机动车辆动力传动系的变速器组件及运行变速器组件的方法 | |
CN107401590B (zh) | 用于商用车的变速器装置 | |
CN102574449A (zh) | 车辆驱动器 | |
US9664257B2 (en) | Change-speed transmission for motor vehicles | |
CN106573536B (zh) | 车辆动力传动*** | |
CN105202126A (zh) | 七速双离合器式自动变速器 | |
JP4966224B2 (ja) | トラクタ | |
CN216033697U (zh) | 电驱动***及车辆 | |
SE539248C2 (en) | A method for controlling a gearbox, a gearbox and a vehicle provided with such a gearbox | |
JP4927004B2 (ja) | トラクタ |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150506 Termination date: 20220214 |