CN102662132A - Method and system for locating partial discharge of electrical equipment - Google Patents
Method and system for locating partial discharge of electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for locating partial discharge of electrical equipment is used for detecting and locating partial discharge of the electrical equipment. The technical scheme includes the steps: firstly, using three ultrasonic array sensors to receive partial discharge ultrasonic signals at different positions of the electrical equipment and forming an array model; then, converting broadband signals received by the three ultrasonic array sensors into narrow-band signals by applying a TLS (transport layer security)-based broadband focus algorithm, and obtaining azimuth information of partial discharge sources according to a narrow-band direction-finding algorithm combining the phase matching principle and cloud optimization search; and finally, determining specific positions of electrical equipment partial discharge by means of a partial discharge source location algorithm based on global optimization search of a modified genetic algorithm. The invention simultaneously provides an improved system for locating partial discharge. Compared with a traditional method for locating partial discharge, the method has the advantages of small calculation amount, high direction-finding precision, accuracy in location, high convergence rate and the like, and the system for locating partial discharge is simple in structure, low in cost and high in location precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and detection system that is used to detect the inside electric appliance partial discharge position, belong to the detection technique field.
Background technology
The detection of shelf depreciation is with accurately the location is significant for the latency insulation defect of timely discovery inside electric appliance, trouble-saving generation.
The detection method of shelf depreciation has multiple, and supercritical ultrasonics technology is used widely because of having advantages such as principle is simple, the location is convenient.But because ultrasound wave is comparatively complicated in the inner propagation of transformer; Common sonac is difficult to detect ultrasonic signal in some cases; Therefore adopt supersonic array sensor to replace single sonac in the correlative study, utilize array signal process technique to realize the accurate location of shelf depreciation with strong jamming inhibition ability and high-space resolution ability.
Research shows that the array signal localization method is a kind of effective means that present local discharge of electrical equipment detects.But not enough below existing supersonic array localization method exists:
(1) deficiency of shelf depreciation supersonic array localization method aspect.
Traditional array signal direction finding algorithm generally is applicable to the direction finding estimation of narrow band signal, and office's discharge signal of electrical equipment is a kind of typical broadband signal, and existing focusing algorithm operand is bigger, and precision is not high, is not suitable for the processing of electrical equipment office discharge signal;
Traditional M USIC direction finding algorithm the convergence speed is slow, and under low signal-to-noise ratio and condition of small sample, can not differentiate the closer signal of space length;
The traditional geometry localization method like simple, the convenience of calculation of independent positioning method principle in direction finding Cross Location Method and the two platform common vertical lines, can be found out the geometric space position of Partial Discharge Sources to a certain extent.But still there are problems such as precision is not enough, error amplification in these methods.
(2) deficiency of shelf depreciation supersonic array signal antinoise method aspect.
Environment of living in is extremely complicated during electric equipment operation, has strong ground unrest on every side, because the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal is very faint, usually is buried in the strong background noise, makes the precision of Partial Discharge Detection descend greatly even causes and detect failure.Traditional denoising method has the good denoising effect for single channel, single array element ultrasonic signal; But; For electrical equipment type local-discharge ultrasonic array localization method, lack the ripe denoising method of a cover at present, if use traditional denoising method; Then the phase information of array signal is lost seriously, and this just office put the critical data of location.
(3) deficiency of shelf depreciation supersonic array Sensor Design aspect.
Used supersonic array sensor mostly adopts planar square array and linear array sensor in the existing localization method, and the planar square sensor array can acquisition office be put two dimension position angle, source and angle of pitch information, but because element number of array is many, cost is higher; The linear array Fundamentals of Sensors are simple, when guaranteeing certain direction finding precision, can reduce redundant array element, greatly reduce cost, but can only the office of obtaining put the one dimension azimuth information in source, ignored the spatial feature of signal.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome prior art deficiency, a kind of new local discharge of electrical equipment localization method is provided, realize the accurate location of shelf depreciation, simultaneously, the present invention also improves the supersonic array sensor.
Problem according to the invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of local discharge of electrical equipment localization method, it at first utilizes three supersonic array sensors to receive the shelf depreciation ultrasonic signal at the diverse location of electrical equipment, and forms Array Model; The wideband focusing algorithm of using then based on total least square method (TLS) converts the broadband signal that three supersonic array sensors are received to narrow band signal; The azimuth information in source is put in the arrowband direction finding algorithm acquisition office that adopts phase matching principle and cloud optimization searching to combine again, adopts the office of global optimization search to put the particular location that the source location algorithm is confirmed local discharge of electrical equipment at last.
Above-mentioned local discharge of electrical equipment localization method, it may further comprise the steps:
A, utilize three supersonic array sensors to receive the shelf depreciation ultrasonic signal at the diverse location of electrical equipment;
B, the wideband focusing algorithm of using based on TLS convert the broadband signal that three supersonic array sensors are received to narrow band signal:
Suppose that the wideband array signal model is:
In the formula,
It is the reception data vector of array signal;
The direction matrix, whole broadband be divided into into
JIndividual arrowband;
Data vector for original signal;
Be that the j section receives data noise spatial data matrix.
The basic step of conversion is:
The initial value of
estimated signal, and selected reference frequency
;
The azimuth information in source is put in c, the arrowband direction finding algorithm acquisition office that adopts phase matching principle and cloud optimization searching to combine:
Suppose to arrive initial point
OAcoustical signal do
s(
t), and the signal amplitude of arrival primitive is identical,
n(
t) be white noise, the reception signal of primitive is respectively so:
In the formula
,
Be array element distance,
Be the azimuth information of signal source,
Be the velocity of sound,
NBe the length of signal data section, signal frequency-domain was expressed as after following formula was done the conversion of Fu's formula:
Adopt the corresponding angle of maximal value of cloud optimization searching algorithm search DOA estimation criterion
; The azimuth information of can the office of obtaining putting the source; Be the position angle and the angle of pitch of direction finding line
Wherein, Tr (.) is the diagonal element sum of matrix,
The particular location that the source location algorithm is confirmed local discharge of electrical equipment is put in d, the office that adopts global optimization to search for:
At first set up the equation that certain spatial is put each bar direction finding linear distance sum according to the home position of position angle, the angle of pitch and the sensor array of the direction finding line of three supersonic array sensors; Then global search its apart from the sum minimum value, this is worth the locus that the source is put in the pairing spatial point office of being.
Above-mentioned local discharge of electrical equipment localization method before the broadband signal that the supersonic array sensor is received focuses on, should adopt the algorithm based on quick independent component analysis (FastICA) that signal is carried out denoising, and concrete steps are:
1. play a game and put the supersonic array signal and carry out centralization (going average) and whitening pretreatment:
Centralization: each group observation data
thus deduct its average to make it become an average be 0 variable;
Albefaction: the covariance matrix to mixing observation signal
carries out characteristic value decomposition; Obtain feature matrix
and be the diagonal matrix
of diagonal element with the eigenwert; Then the signal after the albefaction is
; Wherein
is the albefaction matrix.
2. the blind separation of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal
Expectation function based on the FastICA algorithm of plural number is:
，
In the formula;
respectively representative function
once reach second derivative
When having a plurality of independent source signal; For fear of the same source signal of repeated isolation; Before
individual vector is separated;
for iteration generation each time, carry out following operation:
，
In the formula, the separation matrix that
expression is made up of preceding
individual separating vector;
3. the extraction of type local-discharge ultrasonic signal:
Calculate waveform similarity coefficient (
):
4. the array flow pattern of type local-discharge ultrasonic signal is estimated:
Being estimated as of array flow pattern:
;
5. the reconstruct of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal:
Be the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal if confirmed
road output signal
; With the isolated component output matrix after other each road signal zero setting is
, the array signal
after then recovering.
The local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system a kind of as above-mentioned localization method uses; Comprise supersonic array sensor, multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device and computing machine in the formation; Said supersonic array sensor comprises Stainless Steel Shell and a plurality of piezoelectricity array elements that are installed in the Stainless Steel Shell; Said a plurality of piezoelectricity array element is arranged in cruciform; Their signal receiving end is towards the signal receiving port of Stainless Steel Shell, and the signal output part of a plurality of piezoelectricity array elements connects the different input ends of multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device respectively through the array element lead-in wire; The signal output part of said multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device connects computing machine.
Above-mentioned local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system, the signal receiving port of said Stainless Steel Shell is provided with the stainless steel cuticula, between Stainless Steel Shell and piezoelectricity array element, is provided with the silicon rubber filling thing.
Above-mentioned local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system is provided with the acoustic damping piece between piezoelectricity array element and array element lead-in wire.
Above-mentioned local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system, said piezoelectricity array element is provided with nine.
The present invention adopts the wideband focusing algorithm based on TLS that the type local-discharge ultrasonic broadband signal is focused on; The azimuth information in source is put in the arrowband direction finding algorithm acquisition office that adopts phase matching principle and cloud optimization searching to combine, and adopts three platform direction findings and correction genetic algorithm to confirm the position of shelf depreciation.Compare with traditional partial discharge positioning method, the present invention has advantages such as operand is little, direction finding precision is high, accurate positioning, fast convergence rate.
The piezoelectricity array element of the used supersonic array sensor of the present invention is arranged in cruciform; Can record the deflection and the angle of pitch of type local-discharge ultrasonic ripple signal simultaneously; But element number of array obviously reduces than rectangle plane type sensor array; So just when guaranteeing position success rate and bearing accuracy, simplify the structure of detection system greatly, reduced the cost of detection system.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is nine yuan of cruciform supersonic arrays of the instant-plugging sensor vertical view among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is nine yuan of cruciform supersonic arrays of the instant-plugging sensor sectional view among the present invention;
Fig. 3 among the present invention based on the shelf depreciation positioning system synoptic diagram of supersonic array sensor;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of FastICA algorithm among the present invention;
Fig. 5 among the present invention based on the process flow diagram of the searching algorithm of CTOA;
Fig. 6 is three platform direction finding positioning principle synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is for revising the process flow diagram of genetic algorithm among the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the noisy type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal of 9 a passages time domain waveform;
Fig. 9 is the direction finding spectrogram of original signal;
Figure 10 is the contour map of original signal;
Figure 11 is the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal after extracting;
Figure 12 is that 9 passage restructuring arrays receive time domain plethysmographic signal figure;
Figure 13 is the direction finding spectrogram behind the signal denoising;
Figure 14 is the contour map behind the signal denoising.
Each label is among the figure: 1, cable; 2, gland nut; 3, stainless steel cover; 4, array element lead-in wire; 5, shape of the mouth as one speaks circle; 6, acoustic damping piece; 7, piezoelectricity array element; 8, Stainless Steel Shell; 9, silicon rubber filling thing; 10, stainless steel cuticula; 11, pressurization and coupling device; 12, bushing; 13, discharging model and stationary installation; 14, electrical equipment fuel tank; 15, supersonic array sensor; 16, multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device; 17, computing machine.
The text of each symbol is:
is the frequency j, focusing matrix;
direction matrix;
The data for the signal vector;
is the j noise spatial data segment received data matrix;
is the reference frequency;
is
left singular vector matrix composed;
is
right singular vector matrix composed;
is the speed of sound; Tr (.) is the diagonal elements of the matrix, and; FastICA is fast independent component analysis;
is the standard PD ultrasonic signals;
is the extraction of PD ultrasound signal.
Embodiment
The present invention aims to provide a kind of supersonic array sensor and novel array signal process technique of utilizing and realizes the method and system of local discharge of electrical equipment location.
The present invention has designed a kind of shelf depreciation positioning system based on the supersonic array sensor, uses it for to receive the shelf depreciation ultrasonic signal, and forms Array Model; Proposed a kind of then based on the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal Denoising Algorithm of quick independent component analysis and the overall evaluation system of denoising effect; On this basis, proposed a cover complete comprise focusings of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal wideband, arrowband direction finding, sterically defined method, for accurately assessing the local discharge of electrical equipment position effective reference is provided.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, concrete technical scheme is following:
(1) a kind of shelf depreciation positioning system based on the supersonic array sensor.
1. nine yuan of cruciform supersonic arrays of instant-plugging Sensor Design scheme
Like accompanying drawing 1, shown in 2, nine yuan of cruciforms of arrangement mode of supersonic array sensor 15 among the present invention, structure, material are identical.Piezoelectricity array element 7 center distance are 6mm, the half-wavelength of corresponding common type local-discharge ultrasonic ripple signal.Each piezoelectricity array element 7 cross section is a disc, and radius 2mm, array element thickness are 12mm, and each right cylinder array element afterbody installs acoustic damping piece 6 additional, and thickness is 4mm, and uniform silicon rubber filling thing 9 is smeared in the periphery, and thickness is 0.5mm.
Supersonic array sensor among the present invention can be according to actual conditions; Array element is inserted in the center distance hole such as corresponding; And be coupled directly to the electrical equipment outer wall; Insert multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device 16 through 9 cables, can obtain the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal of coupling and form Array Model, for realizing establishing good basis based on the type local-discharge ultrasonic detection of supersonic array sensor.
2. based on the shelf depreciation positioning system of supersonic array sensor
Shelf depreciation positioning system based on the supersonic array sensor comprises: supersonic array sensor 15, multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device 16, computing machine 17 and connecting line thereof etc., its structural representation is shown in accompanying drawing 3.
Wherein, multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device 16 is 9 passages, can realize functions such as data acquisition, Signal Pretreatment (comprising filtering, the amplification of supersonic array signal), data high-speed transmission.Wherein the gain that can realize of each passage is 40dB, and filter range is 20～250kHz, and SF is 256kHz～10MHz, and sampled data transfers to computing machine 17 by USB interface.
(2) one covers are based on the partial discharge positioning method of array signal process technique.
1. based on the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal Denoising Algorithm of quick independent component analysis and the comprehensive evaluation of denoising effect
(1) based on the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal Denoising Algorithm of quick independent component analysis
1. the pre-service of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal
Be shortcut calculation, improve travelling speed,, comprise centralization (going average) and albefaction two parts carrying out to carry out pre-service to mixed signal before the FastICA algorithm.
Centralization is the most basic pre-service, just each group observation data
thus deduct its average to make it become an average be 0 variable.
To mixing the albefaction of observation signal
; Be exactly through certain linear transformation
; Make the matrix
after the albefaction correlation matrix satisfies
; Through removing the correlativity between each component of signal, make that second-order statistics is independent between the component of the signal after the albefaction.Concrete grammar is that the covariance matrix to observation signal
carries out characteristic value decomposition; Obtain feature matrix
and be the diagonal matrix
of diagonal element with the eigenwert, the albefaction matrix is
.
2. the blind separation of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal
Can know by the central limit theorem in the theory of probability; Under certain condition; The distribution of a plurality of independent random variable sums more is tending towards Gaussian distribution, the mixed signal of promptly forming
by several independent source signals than any source signal
all more near Gaussian distribution.Therefore; Can be with non-Gauss's property of separating the output signal
after mixing as optimization aim; When non-Gauss's property of a certain output signal
reaches maximum; Explain that it can not be mixed signal
more; Just approach certain source signal
more, promptly maximized non-Gauss's property will produce an estimation to the independent source signal.Characteristic by kurtosis can be known; The kurtosis of Gaussian random variable equals zero; The kurtosis of owing gaussian distributed random variable is a negative value, the kurtosis of this distribution variables of superelevation be on the occasion of, therefore adopting the non-Gauss's property tolerance based on the conduct of kurtosis criterion is the good criterion of ICA.
Expectation function based on the FastICA algorithm of plural number does
（2）
In the formula,
respectively representative function
once reach second derivative.When there being a plurality of independent source signals; For fear of the same source signal of repeated isolation, need to produce a plural separation matrix
(forming) observation signal that is mixed by a plurality of independent source signals is separated by all separating vectors.Before
individual vector is separated;
for iteration generation each time, carry out following operation:
In the formula, the separation matrix that
expression is made up of preceding
individual separating vector.
3. the extraction of type local-discharge ultrasonic signal
Because the amplitude after FastICA separates and the uncertainty of ordering; The present invention adopts waveform similarity coefficient (
) to extract the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal
4. the array flow pattern of type local-discharge ultrasonic signal is estimated
Because in the array location model; It is decision accurate positioning whether important parameter that source signal arrives the phase information that sensor produced; Therefore need not to consider the variation of array flow pattern matrix on ratio scale estimated, what we more were concerned about is its entrained phase information.Through the FastICA algorithm; Obtain separation matrix
; Albefaction matrix
is known again; The simple operation that carries out matrix can obtain the estimation of array flow pattern, i.e.
.
5. the reconstruct of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal
Carry out the direction finding Position Research of array signal, need reconstruct array signal.Be the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal if confirmed
road output signal
; With the isolated component output matrix after other each road signal zero setting is
, the array signal
after then recovering.The process flow diagram of above-mentioned algorithm is shown in accompanying drawing 4.
(2) comprehensive evaluation of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal Denoising Algorithm
Because the needs of the characteristics of array received signal and array location; Adopt ICA to carry out having obtained estimation again after its denoising to source signal and array flow pattern; Thereby also reconstruct the array received signal; Denoising appraisement system proposed by the invention is based on the theoretical research of array location, has adopted the relevant evaluating index parameter respectively to the estimated result of above three aspects.
1. based on the evaluation of source signal waveform similarity property
Above-mentioned waveform similarity coefficient can be estimated the similarity degree of denoising front and back waveform on the whole; But to the concussion situation of waveform, the evaluation of
is incomplete.
characterized the similarity degree of two wave form varies trend; Weighed the concussion situation of waveform to a certain extent;
explains that more near 1 the concussion of waveform is similar more.
Wherein,
is original waveform;
is the waveform after the denoising;
all greater than
,
is all greater than
.
（13）
Wherein,
.
2. the evaluation that distorts based on array flow pattern phase differential
The array positioning principle is to arrive " phase differential " that produced between each array element according to the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal to carry out DOA estimation, and these phase informations are embodied in the phase angle information of each element in its formed array flow pattern.So, after obtaining denoising, in the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal, also to realize the estimation of array flow pattern, the restructuring array signal just can position research.The phase angle difference of so-called array flow pattern is meant the phase angle difference between the array flow pattern component of array flow pattern component and reference array element of (except that reference array element) other array elements.The phase difference value of gathering denoising front and back array flow pattern compares, and weighs this Denoising Algorithm indirectly for keeping " phase differential " superiority that information had.
Define a vector
The middle component
of array flow pattern
of theoretical value and the phase angle difference between the reference component are got in
expression in the formula; In like manner;
array flow pattern
for estimating,
is sensor array element number.
shown that directly the phase angle difference of two array flow patterns changes number percent situation shared in the standard phase angle difference; And the distortion situation of " phase differential " information before and after the explanation that can be indirect, denoising.Its value is more approaching zero, and it is little to explain that phase angle difference changes, and promptly " phase differential " distortion is little.
3. based on the evaluation of the array signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of reconstruct
The mixed signal that each array element of sensor receives is that the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal mixes with the unknown of noise signal, if in the mixed signal of each array element, the composition of noise is excessive, will directly influence the accuracy of type local-discharge ultrasonic location.Therefore, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of each mixed signal before and after the denoising as an independently denoising metric parameter, is estimated the superiority of denoising performance.
Input signal-to-noise ratio:
Output signal-to-noise ratio:
Based on the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal wideband of array signal process technique focus on, arrowband direction finding and space orientation algorithm
(1) based on the broadband type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal focusing algorithm of TLS (Total Least Square) algorithm
The wideband array signal processing algorithm mainly is divided into two big types:
One type is based on irrelevant Signal Processing method (ISM).The main thought of ISM is with the narrow band data of broadband signal data decomposition to the nonoverlapping bands; On this basis; Each frequency band is carried out the subspace of narrow band signal and handle, estimate, obtain the final angle estimated result through certain combination again these initial estimation thereby obtain angle.ISM class algorithm operation quantity is big, and focusing effect is general.
Two types of disposal routes (CSM) that are based on coherent signal in addition.The basic thought of CSM is to focus on some reference frequency points to the signal space on the not overlapping Frequency point in the broadband signal frequency ranges of data, obtains the data covariance of reference frequency point, uses the method for narrow band signal processing again and carries out the DOA estimation.The CSM method compares with the ISM method that estimated accuracy is higher, operand is less relatively.
If the wideband array signal model is:
In the formula,
It is the reception data vector of array signal;
The direction matrix, whole broadband be divided into into
JIndividual arrowband;
Data vector for original signal;
Be that the j section receives data noise spatial data matrix.
Our purpose is through a focusing transform matrix
, make corresponding to
JThe data conversion of individual different frequency range becomes the data of a centre frequency.The basic thought of CSM class broadband focusing algorithm is exactly through focussing matrix the data of each Frequency point to be become the data of the existing Frequency point of reference, thereby forms correlation matrix, and its key is the selection of focussing matrix.
The present invention selects the broadband signal focusing algorithm based on total least square (TLS) for use.Compare with other algorithms, its superior performance, operand is little and noise inhibiting ability is strong.
Under ideal conditions, the array flow pattern after certain Frequency point focuses on should equate with the array flow pattern of reference frequency point fully, that is:
The following formula brief note is for
.Suppose that focussing matrix satisfies formula:
As focussing matrix
is carried out svd
, then:
（20）
So
（21）
Suppose definition
; Then focussing matrix satisfies
, and formula (21) can be reduced to:
By above-mentioned relation, on the definition total least square meaning cost function:
In the formula,
and
is the perturbation matrix on the total least square meaning.
Find the solution formula (23), can get focussing matrix
Wherein, the matrix that left singular vector that
is
respectively and right singular vector are formed.
The basic step of this algorithm is:
The initial value of
estimated signal, and selected reference frequency point;
(2) the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal direction-finding method that adopts phase matching principle and cloud optimization searching to combine
Suppose to arrive initial point
OAcoustical signal do
s(
t), and the signal amplitude of arrival primitive is identical.
n(
t) be white noise.The reception signal of primitive is respectively so
In the formula
Be array element distance,
Be the azimuth information of signal source,
Be the velocity of sound,
NLength for the signal data section.Signal frequency-domain was expressed as after formula (25) was done the conversion of Fu's formula
Wherein
is respectively the phase place of signal, wanted signal and the noise of reception.
According to the signal phase matching principle (its principle is for to carry out phase compensation to the output of each array element, the phase differential that aspect causes if the phase place of compensation equals, then the direction of arrival of each array element is identical, just the space phase of signal is mated.), when having only the signal space phase place identical, just can find the solution signal by formula (26)
SReal part and imaginary part.Therefore use
respectively, multiplier (26) both sides get
Its matrix form is:
Wherein
At last; Through the corresponding angle of DOA estimation criterion
search
maximal value, can the office of obtaining put the azimuth information in source.Wherein Tr (.) is defined as matrix trace, promptly is defined as the diagonal element sum of matrix.
For avoiding traditional method of exhaustion maximizing arithmetic speed shortcoming slowly, the present invention adopts the cloud optimization searching algorithm, and (Cloud Theory Optimization Algorithm CTOA) carries out the search of optimum solution.Cloud model has the characteristics of " have uncertainty in confirming, change again in stable " when expressing knowledge, demonstrated fully " spore " ultimate principle.For cloud model
; The excellent characteristic of
representative " parent " individual inheritance; It is " filial generation " succession to " parent "; The uncertainty of
and
expression genetic process has showed " variation " characteristic in the spore process.Theoretical according to cloud; Normal state cloud operator can be accomplished the conversion of concept space to numerical space; This conversion is to confirm with accurate on the one hand, because each water dust of numerical space all is the once quantification realization of qualitativing concept, all is the representative of this qualitativing concept to a certain extent; On the other hand, this conversion is at random and blurs that conversion each time obtains different water dust set again, any one representative during same qualitativing concept can be gathered with water dust, and also different water dusts is represented definite degree difference of this notion.
Therefore; Can fully use for reference the evolution thought of genetic algorithm " survival of the fittest; the survival of the fittest "; The individual excellent characteristic of representative " parent " with
; Use
and the degree of
control of heredity and variation; Accomplish the conversion of concept space with normal state cloud operator to numerical space; Produce population; Carry out genetic manipulation, realizing plays a game puts the search of source space coordinate.
Realize that cloud optimization calculationization needs several steps below the process: 1) select the elite individual; 2) confirm the excellent individual vector; 3) the initialization population that evenly distributes; 4) select; 5) evolve; 6) variation.Its process flow diagram is shown in accompanying drawing 5.
(3) put the source location algorithm based on the office of global optimization search
At first utilize 3 groups of supersonic array sensors to carry out Partial Discharge Detection at the diverse location of electrical equipment; Obtain the position angle and the angle of pitch of the direction finding line of every group pattern sensor; And set up the equation that certain spatial is put each bar direction finding linear distance sum based on the home position of sensor array, look the locus that the source is put in its spatial point be office corresponding apart from the sum minimum value.Asking for of minimum value is based upon based on the global search of revising genetic algorithm.
This method has taken into full account the non-intersect actual conditions of antarafacial of direction finding line in experimental study and the engineering survey and the influence of various errors, and effectively the bearing accuracy in source is put in raising office.Concrete method is derived as follows.
Coupling place of if
group pattern sensor (establishing each sensor array) coordinate is
,
.The deflection and the angle of pitch of the sensor array that then can obtain being coupled through the direction finding algorithm are respectively
.On the basis of the position of direction finding angle and sensor array, can confirm the straight-line equation at direction finding line place.
If the direction vector of this line
is
; Suppose the local discharge of electrical equipment position again for
, having no under the situation of error the office of intersecting to put source
for many direction of arrival straight lines of diverse location.But in experimental study and the engineering survey because the influence of error;
bar straight line is a different surface beeline, can the office of obtaining put minimum and the function of source to the straight line at each bar direction finding line place thus.It is:
Within the boundary space condition, carry out the global optimizing search; Seeking certain point
makes the space put the minimum apart from sum of each direction finding line; Promptly
value is minimum, promptly looks this point and puts the source space coordinate for office.Principle is shown in accompanying drawing 6.
Shown in accompanying drawing 6; If the direction vector of the straight line at the direction finding line of sensor array
place is
, and its position angle, the angle of pitch are
.The direction vector of XOY plane normal is
, and the expression formula of direction vector is again:
The straight-line equation that therefore can get the direction finding line place of sensor array
is:
The coupling position of sensor array
; Shelf depreciation power supply locus is
, get final product thus shelf depreciation power supply to the straight line at each direction finding line place following apart from expression formula:
（37）
Wherein
.Therefore, the straight line that this moment, the shelf depreciation power supply belonged to each direction finding line apart from sum be:
Can estimate the volume coordinate of the shelf depreciation power supply of minimum
and this moment through global search.
The present invention adopts a kind of global search orientation problem that genetic algorithm solves the local discharge of electrical equipment power supply of revising.Compare with traditional genetic algorithm, this algorithm can effectively be avoided local optimal searching and precocious convergence, and fast convergence rate, and its novelty mainly contains following three aspects: the one, and correction algorithm is taked encoding mechanism technology and the method that produces initial population at random; The 2nd, correction algorithm is in order to stablize diversity individual in the population and to enlarge the search volume, the adaptive algorithm that algorithm use variation probability changes with fitness automatically; The 3rd, correction algorithm is deleted relatively poor solution space in evolution; And by deletion group size breeding better solutions space; This method has strengthened the density of excellent solution space and defect individual thereof, makes evolutionary process avoid local optimal searching with local precocious, and has improved the search capability and the speed of convergence of algorithm.Its basic step is following:
coding: the genotype string structure data that the feasible solution tables of data of solution space are shown as hereditary space;
selects: from current colony, select good individuality by the adaptable individual big principle of probability that produces one or more offsprings, make it have an opportunity to be breeding descendants of future generation as parent; Selection course has embodied the thought of revising genetic algorithm, has realized Darwinian survival of the fittest principle;
Variable GEN is current evolutionary generation in the process flow diagram, and N is a population scale, and M is the maximum algebraically that algorithm is carried out.In revising genetic algorithm, group size (N) is generally got 20-100; Stop evolutionary generation (M) and get 100-500; Crossover probability (
) is got 0.4-0.99%; Variation probability (
) is got 0.1%-1%.
Through above-mentioned steps, can realize the accurate location of local discharge of electrical equipment.
3. advantage of the present invention
(1) nine yuan of cruciform supersonic arrays of the instant-plugging sensor that designs among the present invention; Have the control of wave beam flexibly, high signal gain, the higher spatial resolving power except that having the planar square sensor array; Also can reduce redundant array element to a certain extent, reduce cost;
(2) the type local-discharge ultrasonic array positioning system adopts existing typing instrument and equipment among the present invention, on market, can directly buy, and can realize the online detection to electrical equipment, and method is simple, and can not cause equipment under test impaired, and positional accuracy is high.
(3) employing can effectively focus on the type local-discharge ultrasonic broadband signal based on the broadband signal focusing algorithm of TLS in the localization method of the present invention, and operand is little.
(4) the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal direction-finding method that adopts phase matching principle and cloud optimization searching to combine in the localization method among the present invention, direction finding precision is high, fast convergence rate.
(5) employing is put the source location method based on three platform direction findings with the office of revising genetic algorithm in the localization method of the present invention, and bearing accuracy is high, fast convergence rate.
4, checking of the present invention
(1), verifies based on the focusing of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal wideband, arrowband direction finding and the space-location method of array signal process technique
1. obtain one group of measured signal based on this system
Local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system shown in the accompanying drawing 3 array element distance of nine yuan of cruciform supersonic array sensors (select 5mm) is placed the laboratory of abundant simulated field noisy environment, and the volume coordinate of at first setting discharge source is (30,120; 40) cm; The sensor array volume coordinate is (50,0,0) cm; The theoretical position angle and the angle of pitch that can calculate the relative sensor array of this position discharge source thus are (99.5 °, 18.2 °); Setting image data length then is 8000, and 256 times of signal amplification factor, SF are 10MHz, and filter range 60kHz to 300kHz, triggering mode are external trigger.To record 9 noisy type local-discharge ultrasonic array signals of passage as shown in Figure 8 in experiment, transverse axis express time wherein, and unit is ms, and the longitudinal axis is represented voltage magnitude, and unit is V.
2. focus on and the direction finding result
Adopt broadband signal focusing algorithm proposed by the invention and narrow band signal direction finding algorithm; Can be (105.6 ° by the direction finding result that the local discharge of electrical equipment supersonic array signal that above-mentioned experiment records is obtained this position; 23.3 °), with the error at theoretical direction finding angle be (6.1 °, 5.1 °).Direction finding spectrogram and contour map are shown in Fig. 9 and accompanying drawing 10.
3. locate
The present invention is based on three platform direction finding principles and revise the genetic algorithm source of putting of playing a game and position, on above-mentioned direction finding result's basis, is (0,50 at coordinate respectively; 0) two position repeated experiments processes of cm, (0,100,0) cm, its direction finding result is respectively (71.8 °; 33.5 °), (39.8 °, 39.8 °), with theoretical value (66.8 °, 27.7 °), (33.7 °; 48.0 °) error be (5.0 °, 5.8 °), (6.1 °, 8.2 °).
According to aforementioned theory, adopt based on the office of revising genetic algorithm and put the source location method, can the office of obtaining putting the source space coordinate is (23.5,126.8,46.3) cm, positioning error is 9.8cm.
4. error analysis
Be the correctness of checking partial discharge positioning method that the present invention puies forward and system, other 3 groups of positioning results are as shown in table 1.
Can find out through table 1; The shelf depreciation array localization method and the system that utilize the present invention to carry position shelf depreciation; The positioning error of experiment has certain engineering practicability all about 11 cm several times, but because experiment is in the noisy environment of simulated field, to carry out; The type local-discharge ultrasonic signal that collects is aliasing in noise signal, makes the precision of Partial Discharge Detection descend greatly.
Table 1 three platform direction finding positioning experiment results
(2), verify based on the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal denoising method of quick independent component analysis
1. carry out denoising, reconstruction signal to above-mentioned reception signal
The signal that obtains after adopting algorithm that the present invention proposes to the signal denoising that collects among Fig. 8 is shown in figure 11, transverse axis express time wherein, and unit is ms, and the longitudinal axis is represented voltage magnitude, and unit is V.
Array received signal by after the estimation reconstruct acquisition denoising of Figure 11 type local-discharge ultrasonic signal and array flow pattern is shown in figure 12, and wherein transverse axis is the time, and unit is ms, and the longitudinal axis is a voltage magnitude, and unit is V.Compare with Fig. 8, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of each channel signal significantly improves.
2. the focusing of signal and direction finding result after the denoising
Shelf depreciation supersonic array signal after adopting broadband signal focusing algorithm proposed by the invention and narrow band signal direction finding algorithm to denoising reconstruct is handled; The direction finding result that can try to achieve this position is (102.6 °, 21.6 °), with the error at theoretical direction finding angle be (3.1 °; 3.4 °); And the error at the direction finding angle of original signal and theoretical direction finding angle is (6.1 °, 5.1 °), and the spatial information (si) of supersonic array signal has obtained preserving greatly after the visible denoising.The direction finding spectrogram of signal and contour map such as Figure 13 and shown in Figure 14 after the denoising.Compare with Figure 10 with Fig. 9, its spectrum peak is more sharp-pointed, secondary lobe is littler, directive property is better.
3. locate
Employing is (0,50,0) cm, (0,100 to coordinate respectively based on the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal Denoising Algorithm of quick independent component analysis; 0) the supersonic array signal of gathering on two of cm positions carries out denoising, then it is carried out direction finding, and the result is respectively (70.3 °; 27.5 °), (35.4 °, 46.6 °), with (66.8 ° of theoretical values; 27.7 °), the error of (33.7 °, 48.0 °) be (3.5 °, 0.2 °), (1.7 °; 1.4 °), to compare with the direction finding result of original signal, precision obviously improves.
According to aforementioned theory, adopt based on the office of revising genetic algorithm and put the source location method, can the office of obtaining putting the source space coordinate is (26.8,122.5,41.7) cm, positioning error is 4.4cm.
4. error analysis
The detection position of source and sensor array is put in change office, and the array signal before and after the denoising is carried out three direction finding Position Research, and the result is as shown in table 2.
Can find out that from table 2 result the FastICA algorithm that utilizes the present invention to propose carries out the absolute error of positioning result after the denoising in 6cm, and without the absolute error of the positioning result of denoising about 11cm.Hence one can see that, thereby the noise that can effectively remove in the type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal based on the Denoising Algorithm of FastICA improves bearing accuracy, it is thus clear that the necessity and the feasibility of Denoising Algorithm proposed by the invention.
Table 2 three platform direction finding positioning experiment results
Claims (7)
1. a local discharge of electrical equipment localization method is characterized in that, it at first utilizes three supersonic array sensors to receive the shelf depreciation ultrasonic signal at the diverse location of electrical equipment, and forms Array Model; The wideband focusing algorithm of using then based on TLS converts the broadband signal that three supersonic array sensors are received to narrow band signal; The azimuth information in source is put in the arrowband direction finding algorithm acquisition office that adopts phase matching principle and cloud optimization searching to combine again, adopts the office of global optimization search to put the particular location that the source location algorithm is confirmed local discharge of electrical equipment at last.
2. according to the said local discharge of electrical equipment localization method of claim 1, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
A, utilize three supersonic array sensors to receive the shelf depreciation ultrasonic signal at the diverse location of electrical equipment;
B, the wideband focusing algorithm of using based on TLS convert the broadband signal that three supersonic array sensors are received to narrow band signal:
Suppose that the wideband array signal model is:
;
In the formula,
It is the reception data vector of array signal;
The direction matrix, whole broadband be divided into into
JIndividual arrowband;
Data vector for original signal;
Be that the j section receives data noise spatial data matrix,
The basic step of conversion is:
The initial value of
estimated signal, and selected reference frequency
;
constructs the focussing matrix of each Frequency point:
; Wherein,
, the matrix that left singular vector that
and
is
respectively and right singular vector are formed;
The azimuth information in source is put in c, the arrowband direction finding algorithm acquisition office that adopts phase matching principle and cloud optimization searching to combine:
Suppose to arrive initial point
OAcoustical signal do
, and the signal amplitude of arrival primitive is identical,
n(
t) be white noise, the reception signal of primitive is respectively so:
In the formula,
,
Be array element distance,
Be the azimuth information of signal source,
Be the velocity of sound,
NBe the length of signal data section, signal frequency-domain was expressed as after following formula was done the conversion of Fu's formula:
Its matrix form is:
Adopt the corresponding angle of maximal value of cloud optimization searching algorithm search DOA estimation criterion
; The azimuth information of can the office of obtaining putting the source; Be the position angle and the angle of pitch of direction finding line
Wherein, Tr (.) is the diagonal element sum of matrix,
D, employing are put the particular location that the source location algorithm is confirmed local discharge of electrical equipment based on the office of revising genetic algorithm global optimization search:
At first set up the equation that certain spatial is put each bar direction finding linear distance sum according to the home position of position angle, the angle of pitch and the sensor array of the direction finding line of three supersonic array sensors; Adopt then based on revise the genetic algorithm global search its apart from the sum minimum value, this is worth the locus that the source is put in the pairing spatial point office of being.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 said local discharge of electrical equipment localization methods; It is characterized in that; Before the broadband signal that the supersonic array sensor is received focuses on, should adopt algorithm that signal is carried out denoising based on quick independent component analysis (FastICA), concrete steps are:
1. play a game and put the supersonic array signal and carry out centralization (going average) and whitening pretreatment:
Centralization: each group observation data
thus deduct its average to make it become an average be 0 variable;
Albefaction: the covariance matrix to mixing observation signal
carries out characteristic value decomposition; Obtain feature matrix
and be the diagonal matrix
of diagonal element with the eigenwert; Then the signal after the albefaction is
, wherein
;
2. the blind separation of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal,
Expectation function based on the FastICA algorithm of plural number is:
，
，
;
all is approximately 0.1; The maximum value of calculating target function, the two step formulas that obtain plural FastICA are:
，
In the formula;
respectively representative function
once reach second derivative
When having a plurality of independent source signal; For fear of the same source signal of repeated isolation; Before
individual vector is separated;
for iteration generation each time, carry out following operation:
In the formula, the separation matrix that
expression is made up of preceding
individual separating vector;
3. the extraction of type local-discharge ultrasonic signal:
Calculate waveform similarity coefficient (
):
，
representes that respectively the Bureau of Standards puts the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal of ultrasonic signal and extraction, extracts the maximum signal of absolute value wherein as the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal;
4. the array flow pattern of type local-discharge ultrasonic signal is estimated:
Being estimated as of array flow pattern:
;
5. the reconstruct of type local-discharge ultrasonic array signal:
Be the type local-discharge ultrasonic signal if confirmed
road output signal
; With the isolated component output matrix after other each road signal zero setting is
, the array signal
after then recovering.
4. local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system; It is characterized in that; It comprises supersonic array sensor (15), multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device (16) and computing machine (17); Said supersonic array sensor (15) comprises Stainless Steel Shell (8) and is installed in a plurality of piezoelectricity array elements (7) in the Stainless Steel Shell (8); Said a plurality of piezoelectricity array elements (7) are arranged in cruciform, and their signal receiving end is towards the signal receiving port of Stainless Steel Shell (8), and the signal output part of a plurality of piezoelectricity array elements (7) connects the different input ends of multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device (16) respectively through array element lead-in wire (4); The signal output part of said multi-channel synchronous data acquisition device (16) connects computing machine (17).
5. according to the said local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system of claim 4; It is characterized in that; The signal receiving port of said Stainless Steel Shell (8) is provided with stainless steel cuticula (10), between Stainless Steel Shell (8) and piezoelectricity array element (7), is provided with silicon rubber filling thing (9).
6. according to claim 4 or 5 said local discharge of electrical equipment positioning systems, it is characterized in that, between piezoelectricity array element (7) and array element lead-in wire (4), be provided with acoustic damping piece (6).
7. according to the said local discharge of electrical equipment positioning system of claim 6, it is characterized in that said piezoelectricity array element (7) is provided with nine.
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