CN102658693A - Hot-pressing preparation method for aluminum-coated TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) film resistance reduction microgrooves for airship skin - Google Patents
Hot-pressing preparation method for aluminum-coated TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) film resistance reduction microgrooves for airship skin Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to preparation methods for airship skin materials, in particular to a hot-pressing preparation method for aluminum-coated TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) film resistance reduction microgrooves for an airship skin. The hot-pressing preparation method solves the problems of poor weather resistance, high resistance and poor heat insulation of skins. The preparation method includes: firstly, preparing an aluminum mould plate; secondly, cleaning the mould plate and coating release agent; thirdly, evaporating an aluminum film on the surface of a TPU film by the vacuum evaporation technique; and fourthly, pressing for 20-25 minutes under the pressure of 65-75N and at the temperature of 140-145 DEG C to obtain an aluminum-coated TPU film with resistance reduction microgrooves. By the preparation method, microgrooves which are high in resolution and aspect ratio are obtained, the aluminum layer on the surface of the film can reflect solar radiation to improve weather resistance, process equipment is simple, and cost is low. Further, the hot-pressing preparation method is used for preparation of resistance-reducing weather-resistant skin materials for near space airships.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the airship envelope preparation methods.
Background technology
Nearly space also can be called near space, near space, and simultaneously, this highly also is the zone at stratosphere place, is on the natural phenomena active layer such as wind and rain thunder and lightning, belongs to high safety area.After getting into 21 century, the value of nearly this special dimension of space more and more receives the attention of countries in the world, and each military power has been regarded as it the frontier of 21st century military struggle one after another.In recent years, caused worldwide common concern with the near space dirigible as the application study of communication navigation platform.In the process of development near space dirigible, related key technical problem is the emphasis that various countries endeavour to study at present.Because the near space dirigible is not the low latitude dirigible, many conceptive in development, as on the key technologies such as working environment, skin material, the energy, power propelling all completely different in the low latitude dirigible, many aspects are faced with great challenge.The dirigible demonstration test of existing four entering near spaces; The feasibility and the using value of near space dirigible platform have been proved; The problem in science that has proposed many keys in its application process needs to be resolved hurrily; Wherein, how effectively reducing windage through the little groove of design skin-surface is one of key problem of target when realizing the long boat of large-scale near space dirigible.
Receive the inspiration of large nature, discover, can effectively reduce surface of moving object frictional resistance through reasonably laying certain groove at surface of moving object.In recent years, in the world wide rigid face groove drag-reduction effect and drag reduction mechanism have been carried out a certain amount of research, and partly carried out practical applications numerical simulation and experimental verification, and thought that the groove drag reduction technology is present optimal surperficial drag reduction method.
At present, though the groove drag reduction technology has been applied on aircraft and the naval vessels, the research that is aimed at the groove drag reduction of this flexible substrate of covering does not appear in the newspapers as yet.Be different from general rigid face high reynolds number aircraft surface groove drag reduction, the flow field near space dirigible surface mainly is thin low velocity gas, has the low reynolds number operation characteristic; Simultaneously, the near space dirigible is the flexible structure of a quasi-representative, and utricule large deformation very easily takes place the part under the wind effect of carrying, and the groove on utricule surface also is flexible little fold, has deformable speciality under the outflow field action, is prone to be coupled with outer flow field.Large-scale near space dirigible is surrounded by the flexible covering material and forms, and its resistance mainly contains pressure drag and the hull skin friction resistance is formed.Because dirigible has bigger surface area, reduces the drag overall that skin friction resistance can reduce hull by a relatively large margin.Therefore, the preparation technology of research skin material surface micro groove is most important.
Research about little groove preparation method in the domestic and foreign literature can be divided into: method such as fine machining (like microscopic carvings quarters, little forging and pressing etc.), laser ablation method, soft lithographic technique and hot padding method of forming.People such as Zhang Deyuan like BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics are little masterplate that duplicates with pretreated sharkskin; Utilize the soft mould technology preparation silicon rubber matter elasticity negative template in the soft carving technology; Graft copolymer with aqueous epoxy resins and polyacrylamide is a base material; The elasticity negative template is carried out replica turn over mould; A kind of composite anti-drag sharkskin that has nanometer long-chain drag reduction interface and micron true to nature groove pattern concurrently that is shaped, but also do not see the pertinent literature report to little groove preparation method of flexible thin-film material at present.
The TPU film is one of existing stratospheric airship covering weathering layer material,, though itself have certain ageing-resistant performance, still do not reach desirable ideal effect when under rugged environment, using.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve that existing stratospheric airship covering weatherability is poor, resistance big, the problem of thermal insulation difference, and the hot padding preparation method of airship envelope with the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction is provided.
Airship envelope of the present invention is carried out with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction according to the following steps:
One, adopt ultraprecise microfabrication machine tool system to process the Al pallet that the surface has " V " type groove structure; Said " V " type groove forms on Al pallet surface and replaces penetrating rill; The width s of each rill is 90～110 μ m, and degree of depth h is 90～110 μ m;
Two, with Al pallet prepared in the step 1 with acetone ultrasonic cleaning 15～20min, oven dry back applies three layers of clean film earlier, applies three layers of hole sealing agent again, applies three layers of aqueous release agent at last, the coating time interval of each layer is 15～20min;
Three, adopt vacuum evaporation technology, TPU film surface vapor deposition one layer thickness that impresses in desire is the aluminium film of 90～110 μ m, obtains plating Al type TPU film;
Four, will be fixed on through the Al pallet that step 2 is handled on the pressure head of hot stamp machine, on the plummer of hot stamp machine, place the quartz glass substrate, will be tiled in the quartz glass substrate through the plating Al type TPU film that step 3 obtains; After being preheated to 140～145 ℃, fall pressure head, boost to 65～75N after treating the Al pallet and plating Al type TPU film contacting; In temperature is that 140～145 ℃, pressure are under the condition of 65～75N, and impression 20～25min stops heating; Naturally cooling, and pressurize 2～2.5h removes pressure; Lift pressure head, accomplish the hot padding preparation of airship envelope with the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction.
The hot padding mechanism analysis of thin-film material of the present invention is following:
The heat flow moulding that the hot padding of thin-film material is based on polymer realizes graph copying.Less when the template graphics size, when periodically strong, polymer shifts easily fully, and template graphics can copy on the polymeric substrates well; When the template graphics size is very big, polymer shifts incomplete and inherent lax behavior meeting and various special patterns occur in patterned area and adjacent domain thereof.Its mechanism can be described as: template is pressed in the polymer, and the polymer under the template convex region is pressed in the cavity between adjacent two convex regions, and rises along cavity sidewalls; And original polymer is owing to receive the extruding of two side liquids in the cavity, and the distortion that can raise up is at two contacts of intersection formation of two fluid streams; Along with the prolongation of impression time, the polymer of both sides constantly pushes in cavity, and original polymer constantly compresses rising; Last whole cavity is filled; Through thermal balance after a while, separation mask and substrate have just obtained patterned polymer.Fig. 5 is that polymer is filled the mechanism sketch map in the hot padding process, and on behalf of template, downward arrow impose on the extruding force of film, and on behalf of substrate, the arrow that makes progress impose on the extruding force of film, and middle arrow is represented the flow direction of film under pressure.If bigger at the moulding process applied pressure, after then the polymer under the template convexity would flow into cavity, because capillary effect; At first form small hill one by one, if polymer is enough thick, impression time long enough; Then small hill can merge gradually and become one the complete filling of realization cavity.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: also do not have the preparation method of fexible film surface micro groove so far, the present invention is a flexible face with near space airship envelope weathering layer material thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU), and adopting the method for hard masterplate hot padding is the little groove of flexible face surface replica; Realized under the micro-nano-scale that the micro-nano to structure plan duplicates on fexible film, obtained little groove of high-resolution, high aspect ratio structure, the conformal ability of embossed film is relatively good; Elastic recovery changes smaller, and groove drag reduction numerical simulation result shows that the TPU film that has little groove structure that shows that the present invention is prepared has drag-reduction effect; And at the TPU film vapor deposition thickness be the aluminium lamination of 90～110 μ m, coating is soft also to have the almost original elasticity of film, the coating adhesion is good; The surface is uniform and smooth, has good wearability and pliability, good high temperature resistant and resistance to low temperature, anti-ozone aging, oxygen aging, light aging and weather aging; The loss of 20 days tensile strength values of plating Al type TPU film irradiation is 39.29%; More former TPU film improves a lot, and the former relatively film reduction of resilience, and the conformal ability of embossed film is fine; Elastic recovery changes very little; Compression set property improves relatively, and ability is the energy of reflected solar radiation well, can play the effect of heat insulation and heat control, uv reflectance protection skin material; Improved the weather resistance of skin material; For further improve load, the time in the sky that prolongs plays an important role, and is a kind of simple and convenient, the directly anti-marquis of raising TPU film efficient, with low cost, method of resistance reducing performance, has bigger application prospect.
The present invention is used to prepare the weather-proof skin material of near space dirigible drag reduction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an airship envelope material structure sketch map; Wherein 1 represent weathering layer, 2 represent bearing layer, and 3 represent barrier layer, and 4 represent hot sealing layer;
Fig. 2 is a thermal imprint process sample assembly drawing of the present invention, wherein 5 represents the Al pallet, and 6 represent the TPU film, and 7 represent the quartz glass substrate;
Fig. 3 is Al pallet, TPU film and the quartz glass substrate sketch map in the hot pressing of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the cross sectional representation that the hot-forming resulting surface of the present invention has the TPU film of " V " type groove;
Fig. 5 is that polymer is filled the mechanism sketch map in the hot padding process;
Fig. 6 is the photo (top observation) on the prepared Al pallet surface of embodiment one;
Fig. 7 is the photo (side observation) on the prepared Al pallet surface of embodiment one;
Fig. 8 is the photo (top observation) of the prepared plating Al type TPU film surface with the little groove structure of drag reduction of embodiment one;
Fig. 9 is the photo (side observation) of the prepared plating Al type TPU film surface with the little groove structure of drag reduction of embodiment one;
Figure 10 is that the embodiment one prepared plating Al type TPU film with the little groove structure of drag reduction is placed the three-dimensional appearance (top observation) after 2 months;
Figure 11 is that the embodiment one prepared plating Al type TPU film with the little groove structure of drag reduction is placed the three-dimensional appearance (side observation) after 2 months;
Figure 12 is the AFM figure of TPU film surface;
Figure 13 is the AFM figure of the TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 240h;
Figure 14 is the AFM figure of the TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 480h;
Figure 15 is the SEM photo of TPU thin-membrane section;
Figure 16 is the SEM photo of the TPU thin-membrane section of artificial ageing 480h;
Figure 17 is the SEM photo of the TPU side surface of thin film of artificial ageing 480h;
Figure 18 is the AFM figure of the plating Al type TPU film surface of embodiment one preparation;
Figure 19 is the AFM figure of the plating Al type TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 240h;
Figure 20 is the AFM figure of the plating Al type TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 480h;
Figure 21 is the SEM photo of the plating Al type TPU film surface of embodiment one preparation;
Figure 22 is the SEM photo of the plating Al type TPU film surface of artificial ageing 480h;
Figure 23 is the graph of a relation of the hot strength and the exposure time of film;
Figure 24 is the elastic modelling quantity of film and the graph of a relation of exposure time;
Figure 25 is that ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared sees through spectrogram;
Figure 26 is sunshine reflectance spectrum figure;
Figure 27 is three-dimensional model gridding division figure;
Figure 28 is a speed of incoming flow when being 10m/s, flows to cross section speed cloud atlas;
Figure 29 is near the speed cloud atlas groove;
Figure 30 is a smooth plates superficial velocity cloud atlas;
Figure 31 flows to cross section vortex strength degree cloud charts;
Figure 32 is near the vortex strength cloud charts groove;
Figure 33 is that near the z of groove is to shear stress.
The specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the following cited specific embodiment, also comprises the combination in any between each specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment one: the airship envelope of this embodiment is carried out with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction according to the following steps:
One, adopt ultraprecise microfabrication machine tool system to process the Al pallet that the surface has " V " type groove structure; Said " V " type groove forms on Al pallet surface and replaces penetrating rill; The width s of each rill is 90～110 μ m, and degree of depth h is 90～110 μ m;
Two, with Al pallet prepared in the step 1 with acetone ultrasonic cleaning 15～20min, oven dry back applies three layers of clean film earlier, applies three layers of hole sealing agent again, applies three layers of aqueous release agent at last, the coating time interval of each layer is 15～20min;
Three, adopt vacuum evaporation technology, TPU film surface vapor deposition one layer thickness that impresses in desire is the aluminium film of 90～110 μ m, obtains plating Al type TPU film;
Four, will be fixed on through the Al pallet that step 2 is handled on the pressure head of hot stamp machine, on the plummer of hot stamp machine, place the quartz glass substrate, will be tiled in the quartz glass substrate through the plating Al type TPU film that step 3 obtains; After being preheated to 140～145 ℃, fall pressure head, boost to 65～75N after treating the Al pallet and plating Al type TPU film contacting; In temperature is that 140～145 ℃, pressure are under the condition of 65～75N, and impression 20～25min stops heating; Naturally cooling, and pressurize 2～2.5h removes pressure; Lift pressure head, accomplish the hot padding preparation of airship envelope with the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction.
The Al pallet that surface of the present invention has " V " type groove structure utilizes Harbin Institute of Technology's ultraprecise microfabrication machine tool system to process; The impression instrument adopts is the hot stamp machine that German Suss MicroTechnology company produces.Used clean film, hole sealing agent and the aqueous release agent of this embodiment is the commercially available prod.
So far the preparation method who does not also have fexible film surface micro groove, this embodiment is a flexible face with near space airship envelope weathering layer material thermoplastic polyurethane film (TPU), adopting the method for hard masterplate hot padding is the little groove of flexible face surface replica; Realized under the micro-nano-scale that the micro-nano to structure plan duplicates on fexible film, obtained little groove of high-resolution, high aspect ratio structure, the conformal ability of embossed film is relatively good; Elastic recovery changes smaller, and groove drag reduction numerical simulation result shows that the TPU film that has little groove structure that shows that this embodiment is prepared has drag-reduction effect; And at the TPU film vapor deposition thickness be the aluminium lamination of 90～110 μ m, coating is soft also to have the almost original elasticity of film, the coating adhesion is good; The surface is uniform and smooth, has good wearability and pliability, good high temperature resistant and resistance to low temperature, anti-ozone aging, oxygen aging, light aging and weather aging; The loss of 20 days tensile strength values of plating Al type TPU film irradiation is 39.29%; More former TPU film improves a lot, and the former relatively film reduction of resilience, and the conformal ability of embossed film is fine; Elastic recovery changes very little; Compression set property improves relatively, and ability is the energy of reflected solar radiation well, can play the effect of heat insulation and heat control, uv reflectance protection skin material; Improved the weather resistance of skin material; For further improve load, the time in the sky that prolongs plays an important role, and is a kind of simple and convenient, the directly anti-marquis of raising TPU film efficient, with low cost, method of resistance reducing performance, has bigger application prospect.
The specific embodiment two: what this embodiment and the specific embodiment one were different is: the length of Al pallet is 50～52mm in the step 1, and width is 50～52mm, and thickness is 5～8mm.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: what this embodiment was different with the specific embodiment one or two is: in the step 1, the width s of each rill is 95～105 μ m, and degree of depth h is 95～105 μ m.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one or two.
The specific embodiment four: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to three is: the thickness of the film of TPU described in the step 3 is 25～200 μ m.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
The specific embodiment five: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to three is: the thickness of the film of TPU described in the step 3 is 90～110 μ m.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
The specific embodiment six: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to five is: boost to 70N after treating the Al pallet in the step 4 and the TPU film contacting.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
The specific embodiment seven: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to six is: in the step 4 under temperature is 140 ℃ condition, impression 25min.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
The specific embodiment eight: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to seven is: in the step 4 under temperature is 145 ℃ condition, impression 20min.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to seven.
The specific embodiment nine: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to eight is: the dwell time is 2h in the step 4.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to eight.
The specific embodiment ten: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to nine is: adopt the surface to have the Si template of " V " type groove structure or the Al pallet that Ni template substitution tables mask has " V " type groove structure.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to nine.
Adopt following examples to verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment airship envelope is carried out with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction according to the following steps:
One, adopt ultraprecise microfabrication machine tool system to process the Al pallet that the surface has " V " type groove structure, said " V " type groove forms on Al pallet surface and replaces penetrating rill, and the width s of each rill is 100 μ m, and degree of depth h is 100 μ m; The length of Al pallet is 50mm, and width is 50mm, and thickness is 6mm; The model of the Al material that the Al pallet is used is Al-LY12;
Two, with Al pallet prepared in the step 1 with acetone ultrasonic cleaning 20min, oven dry back applies three layers of clean film earlier, applies three layers of hole sealing agent again, applies three layers of aqueous release agent at last, the coating time interval of each layer is 20min;
Three, adopt vacuum evaporation technology, TPU film surface vapor deposition one layer thickness that impresses in desire is the aluminium film of 10 μ m, obtains plating Al type TPU film;
Four, will be fixed on through the Al pallet that step 2 is handled on the pressure head of hot stamp machine, on the plummer of hot stamp machine, place the quartz glass substrate, will be tiled in the quartz glass substrate through the plating Al type TPU film that step 3 obtains; After being preheated to 140 ℃, fall pressure head, boost to 70N after treating the Al pallet and plating Al type TPU film contacting; In temperature is that 140 ℃, pressure are under the condition of 70N, and impression 25min stops heating; Naturally cooling, and pressurize 2h removes pressure; Lift pressure head, accomplish the hot padding preparation of airship envelope with the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction.
The raw materials used commercially available prod that is of present embodiment, used clean film, hole sealing agent and aqueous release agent is the product of dust method than the production and sales of international trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. in the step 2.The rerum natura of the used thermoplastic polyurethane film of present embodiment (TPU film) is as shown in table 1.
Table 1TPU film rerum natura table
Utilize three-dimensional optical microscopic observation system [Keyemce company; Digit microscope (digital microscope); Model VHX-600] the little groove pattern of skin-surface behind masterplate and the impression is characterized, Fig. 8 is the photo (top observation) of the prepared plating Al type TPU film surface with the little groove structure of drag reduction of embodiment one; Fig. 9 is the photo (side observation) of the prepared plating Al type TPU film surface with the little groove structure of drag reduction of embodiment one.As can be seen from the figure, the rill of TPU film surface clearly, it is intact that groove shape of stripes and size and impression block mate, three-dimensional appearance is even.Elastic discussion behind the little groove of film embossing:
For analysed film impresses the rebound characteristics behind little groove; Get embodiment one prepared placing 60 days through the three-dimensional plating Al type TPU film that characterizes with better little groove structure; Observe the recovery situation of change of the three-dimensional structure of embossed film same area afterwards, study the conformal ability of film groove.Figure 10 is that the embodiment one prepared plating Al type TPU film with the little groove structure of drag reduction is placed the three-dimensional appearance (top observation) after 2 months; Figure 11 is that the embodiment one prepared plating Al type TPU film with the little groove structure of drag reduction is placed the three-dimensional appearance (side observation) after 2 months; Visible by figure; The conformal ability of embossed film is fine; Elastic recovery changes very little, and the size of little groove resilience delta data in time is as shown in table 2.
The resilience in time of the little groove of table 2 changes
Get the plating Al type TPU film with the little groove structure of drag reduction (to call plating Al type TPU film in the following text) of embodiment one preparation and the TPU film (to call the TPU film in the following text) that does not plate Al; Adopt U.S. Atlas (Lars, Asia-Pacific) Ci3000+ xenon lamp weathering aging test instrument that film is carried out the artificial weathering aging experiment; Through changing temperature, humidity, spray; Utilize xenon lamp simulating nature weather and full spectrum alpine light, the ageing-resistant performance of plating Al type TPU film and TPU film is tested.Set experiment parameter is: irradiation intensity 90W/m
2, humidity 10%, wind speed 32m/s does not have spray.
Utilize AFM (AFM) that the TPU film of irradiation different time is tested, Figure 12 is the AFM figure of TPU film surface; Figure 13 is the AFM figure of the TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 240h; Figure 14 is the AFM figure of the TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 480h.
The variation of TPU film surface roughness Ra (nm) behind the xenon lamp predose is as shown in table 3, and visible, predose, specimen surface are comparatively smooth, and blemish is less; After irradiation began, along with the prolongation of exposure time, roughness of film increased gradually, and blemish increases gradually.
The variation of surface roughness Ra (nm) behind the TPU film predose of the uncoated Al coating of table 3
Observe the stretching fracture surface topography of TPU film before and after the xenon lamp radiation aging with SEM (SEM), the result is following: Figure 15 is the SEM photo of TPU thin-membrane section; Figure 16 is the SEM photo of the TPU thin-membrane section of artificial ageing 480h; Figure 17 is the SEM photo of the TPU side surface of thin film of artificial ageing 480h.
As can be seen from the figure; Be without polyurethane film (TPU) stretching fracture of irradiation and tear shape, the power of bonding is more even each other everywhere, along with the growth of exposure time; Polyurethane film stretching fracture surface topography becomes comparatively smooth gradually; Tear shape and tail off gradually, surface brittleness increases, and tensile damage is all in suffered irradiation one side of film.
Utilize AFM (AFM) that the plating Al type TPU film of irradiation different time is tested; Figure 18 is the AFM figure of the plating Al type TPU film surface of embodiment one preparation; From figure, can draw its surface roughness is 8.16, and the film surface coating morphology is more smooth; Figure 19 is the AFM figure of the plating Al type TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 240h; Figure 20 is the AFM figure of the plating Al type TPU film surface behind the artificial ageing 480h; As can be seen from the figure, after irradiation began, the surface roughness of film rose slowly with the increase of exposure time, explained that the destructiveness that the smooth structure of film surface suffers is very little, and blemish is not seen showed increased.
The variation of plating Al type TPU film surface roughness Ra (nm) behind the xenon lamp predose is as shown in table 4:
The variation of surface roughness Ra (nm) behind the table 4 plating Al type TPU film predose
Observe the stretching fracture surface topography of plating Al type TPU film before and after the xenon lamp radiation aging with SEM (SEM), the result is following: Figure 21 is the SEM photo of the plating Al type TPU film surface of not irradiation; Figure 22 is the SEM photo of the plating Al type TPU film surface of artificial ageing 480h; Surface topography after as can be seen from the figure film is aluminized behind the predose changes; Aluminium coated is not done a lot of damage after 20 days by the visible irradiation of Figure 22; Only visible slight crackle; The aluminium coated surface is still very smooth, still can depend on film surface and play the effect that receive weathering aging lacking of protective film.
The tensile property test:
When tensile property before and after U.S. Atlas (Lars, Asia-Pacific) Ci3000+ xenon lamp weathering aging of test thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film sample and plating Al type TPU film; Sample is and adopts the accurate cutter cutting of film; Size is 300 * 40mm; Every group of 5 samples are therefrom chosen valid data and are averaged and handle.
Figure 23 is the graph of a relation of the hot strength and the exposure time of film; Wherein Al type TPU film is plated in
representative, and
represents the TPU film; The elastic modelling quantity of Figure 24 film and the graph of a relation of exposure time;
representative plating Al type TPU film,
represents the TPU film.Can find out from Figure 23 and Figure 24, be without the former polyurethane film tensile property of irradiation: hot strength 81.80MPa, breaking strain is 497.15%, elastic modelling quantity is about 50.97MPa; And exposure time reaches 10d, and the polyurethane film hot strength promptly obviously descends, and loss reaches 35.23%; It is thus clear that xenon lamp irradiation is bigger to the damage of thin polyurethane film properties; Along with the growth of exposure time, the polyurethane film tensile strength values continues to descend afterwards, exposure time during for 20d loss reach 49.26%; Explain that xenon lamp irradiation is bigger to the mechanical properties in films influence, its change in toughness is obvious.And behind film surface plating Al, alleviate to some extent through its mechanical properties decrease of irradiation, the tensile strength values loss of plating Al irradiation 480h is 39.29%, explain film surface plate Al after its weather-resistant performance obviously improve.
Ultraviolet spectral analysis:
Under the irradiation of daylight, heat constantly accumulates in by the irradiation body surface, and its surface temperature is constantly raise, and increases energy consumption.Can know by solar radiation spectrum, solar radiation energy 95% visible region and near-infrared region (400～2500nm), according to relational expression: α+ρ+τ=1
Wherein, α---absorptivity, the emittance that body surface absorbs and the ratio of the emittance that incides this body surface; ρ---reflectivity, the ratio of body surface radiation reflected energy and the emittance that incides this body surface; τ---transmissivity sees through the ratio of emittance with the emittance that incides this body surface of object.
In order to improve the antiradiation heat-insulating capability of dirigible surface film, have only the reflectivity ρ that improves film, can make film surface to the lacking of energy absorption, promptly α is low, and it is just not high that film temperature rises, and this is the primary ability of heat-reflective coating.The heat reflection film also will possess the ability of launching the energy that absorbs again in addition.
Simultaneously, very big at the uitraviolet intensity of near space, so film also is the emphasis that we investigate to ultraviolet transmitance and albedo.
Figure 25 is that ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared sees through spectrogram; Wherein a represents the TPU film, and it is the TPU film of 10 μ m aluminium laminations that b represents vapor deposition one layer thickness; Figure 26 is sunshine reflectance spectrum figure; Wherein a represents the TPU film; It is the TPU film of 10 μ m aluminium laminations that b represents vapor deposition one layer thickness; As can be seen from the figure; Though the ultraviolet permeability after film is aluminized does not almost have obvious variation, the Visible-to-Near InfaRed transmitance is compared with former film and has been reduced manyly, explains that aluminium coated has well stoped visible-near-infrared seeing through; And the sunshine reflectivity of the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light of coating increased, and the well energy of reflected solar radiation of coating is described, can play the effect of heat insulation and heat control, uv reflectance protection skin material.
After the protection of aluminizing, the mass loss of thin-film material behind effect of irradiation diminishes, and its ultraviolet resistance ability strengthens greatly.
This metallized film not only makes material not be out of shape with violent difference variation because of giving vent to anger, and not because of moisture absorption produces micro-crack in space environment, not because of irradiation deformation failures such as elemental oxygens, thereby guarantees structural strength, stability and the service life of material.And metallized film has very high reflectance factor, can reflect heat be gone out, and has barrier propterties such as good light radiation reflection, obstruct.Ultraviolet ray is had good absorption and reflecting properties, visible light is also had good reflecting properties, can reflect and intercept the effect of light, heat effectively, improve the protection isolation performance of material.Coating is soft and have the almost original elasticity of film, and the coating adhesion is good, and the surface is uniform and smooth, has good wearability and pliability, good high temperature resistant and resistance to low temperature, anti-ozone aging, oxygen aging, light aging and weather aging.And the former relatively film of resilience reduces, and compression set property improves relatively.
Groove drag reduction numerical simulation:
Grooved surface has two kinds of laying methods be following current to vertical current to, following current more helps drag reduction to groove.Flow field to symmetrical V-groove is analyzed.Model groove height and spacing are 0.1mm, and flow field regions is opened up to 1mm, and the flow field flows to and is 3mm, and grooved surface and platen surface spacing 3mm, grid divide and see Figure 27.
Flow field inlet enters the mouth for speed, and speed of incoming flow 10m/s exports and is free export; The left and right sides, territory, flow field boundary definition is symmetrical border.Atmospheric density is taken as 0.08803kg/m
3, the air viscosity is 1.4126 * 10
-5Kg/m * s.Adopt RNG κ-ε tubulence energy equation solution, the result is following:
Figure 28 is a speed of incoming flow when being 10m/s, flows to cross section speed cloud atlas, and the upper end of figure is the smooth plates face, and the lower end is a grooved surface, and Figure 28 shows that the flow field wall has tangible boundary layer, and the speed in flow field is all smaller near wall the time; Figure 29 and Figure 30 have provided the speed cloud atlas of groove wall peace wooden partition face respectively; Can find out from two figure; The flute surfaces VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION exists than big-difference with dull and stereotyped; Outside high-velocity fluid directly flows through from the low velocity fluid on grooved surface surface, has avoided causing energy loss than large tracts of land contact plate face; Simultaneously, channel bottom y direction velocity gradient is less than the velocity gradient at groove spike place, makes whole grooved surface compare platen surface and has less frictional resistance and become possibility;
Figure 31 shows that the platen surface of this example and grooved surface all have the whirlpool to produce; Figure 32 has provided near the cloud charts of the vortex strength degree of groove, and it is bigger to be illustrated near the vortex strength degree in V-type tip, and it is complicated to flow;
Figure 33 shows that shear stress mainly occurs near the tip of V-groove, and this is because velocity gradient is bigger than channel bottom to changing along y here.
Groove drag reduction numerical simulation result shows that the TPU film that the prepared surface of the present invention has little groove structure has drag-reduction effect.
Claims (10)
1. airship envelope is characterized in that with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of airship envelope usefulness plating Al type TPU film drag reduction carries out according to the following steps:
One, adopt ultraprecise microfabrication machine tool system to process the Al pallet that the surface has " V " type groove structure; Said " V " type groove forms on Al pallet surface and replaces penetrating rill; The width s of each rill is 90～110 μ m, and degree of depth h is 90～110 μ m;
Two, with Al pallet prepared in the step 1 with acetone ultrasonic cleaning 15～20min, oven dry back applies three layers of clean film earlier, applies three layers of hole sealing agent again, applies three layers of aqueous release agent at last, the coating time interval of each layer is 15～20min;
Three, adopt vacuum evaporation technology, TPU film surface vapor deposition one layer thickness that impresses in desire is the aluminium film of 90～110 μ m, obtains plating Al type TPU film;
Four, will be fixed on through the Al pallet that step 2 is handled on the pressure head of hot stamp machine, on the plummer of hot stamp machine, place the quartz glass substrate, will be tiled in the quartz glass substrate through the plating Al type TPU film that step 3 obtains; After being preheated to 140～145 ℃, fall pressure head, boost to 65～75N after treating the Al pallet and plating Al type TPU film contacting; In temperature is that 140～145 ℃, pressure are under the condition of 65～75N, and impression 20～25min stops heating; Naturally cooling, and pressurize 2～2.5h removes pressure; Lift pressure head, accomplish the hot padding preparation of airship envelope with the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction.
2. airship envelope according to claim 1 is with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction, and the length that it is characterized in that Al pallet in the step 1 is 50～52mm, and width is 50～52mm, and thickness is 5～8mm.
3. airship envelope according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that in the step 1 that with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction the width s of each rill is 95～105 μ m, and degree of depth h is 95～105 μ m.
4. airship envelope according to claim 3 is with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction, and the thickness that it is characterized in that the film of TPU described in the step 3 is 25～200 μ m.
5. airship envelope according to claim 3 is with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction, and the thickness that it is characterized in that the film of TPU described in the step 3 is 90～110 μ m.
6. airship envelope according to claim 4 boosts to 70N with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction after it is characterized in that treating in the step 4 Al pallet and the TPU film contacting.
7. according to claim 4,5 or 6 described airship envelopes hot padding preparation method, it is characterized in that in the step 4 under temperature is 140 ℃ condition impression 25min with the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reductions.
8. according to claim 4,5 or 6 described airship envelopes hot padding preparation method, it is characterized in that in the step 4 under temperature is 145 ℃ condition impression 20min with the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reductions.
9. airship envelope according to claim 7 is characterized in that with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction the dwell time is 2h in the step 4.
10. airship envelope as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that adopting the surface to have the Si template of " V " type groove structure or the Al pallet that Ni template substitution tables mask has " V " type groove structure with the hot padding preparation method of the little groove of plating Al type TPU film drag reduction.
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| CN201210168749.8A CN102658693B (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2012-05-28 | Hot-pressing preparation method for aluminum-coated TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) film resistance reduction microgrooves for airship skin |
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| CN103587675A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-19 | 溧阳市哈大成果转化中心有限公司 | Ultraviolet-resistant stratosphere airship |
| CN103587676A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-19 | 溧阳市哈大成果转化中心有限公司 | High-altitude airship |
| CN103612436A (en) * | 2013-10-26 | 2014-03-05 | 溧阳市哈大成果转化中心有限公司 | Weather resistant high altitude airship |
| CN113770805A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-10 | 天津大学 | Turning surface roughness prediction method based on cutter parameters and material parameters |
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| CN101758864A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2010-06-30 | 浙江大学 | Bionic non-smooth surface film with pneumatic drag reduction effect |
| US20110073710A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | The Boeing Company | Structurally designed aerodynamic riblets |
| CN102343674A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-02-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Manufacturing method of complex drag reduction coating with flexible wall and imitation shark skin micro-groove |
| CN102416739A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Airship sheath material and preparation method thereof |
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| US20110073710A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | The Boeing Company | Structurally designed aerodynamic riblets |
| CN101758864A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2010-06-30 | 浙江大学 | Bionic non-smooth surface film with pneumatic drag reduction effect |
| CN102343674A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-02-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | Manufacturing method of complex drag reduction coating with flexible wall and imitation shark skin micro-groove |
| CN102416739A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Airship sheath material and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103587675A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-19 | 溧阳市哈大成果转化中心有限公司 | Ultraviolet-resistant stratosphere airship |
| CN103587676A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-19 | 溧阳市哈大成果转化中心有限公司 | High-altitude airship |
| CN103587676B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-09-23 | 溧阳市哈大成果转化中心有限公司 | A kind of High Altitude Airship |
| CN103612436A (en) * | 2013-10-26 | 2014-03-05 | 溧阳市哈大成果转化中心有限公司 | Weather resistant high altitude airship |
| CN113770805A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-10 | 天津大学 | Turning surface roughness prediction method based on cutter parameters and material parameters |
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| CN102658693B (en) | 2014-09-03 |
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