CN102656340A - Multiple-part inner housing for a steam turbine - Google Patents

Multiple-part inner housing for a steam turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102656340A
CN102656340A CN2010800559063A CN201080055906A CN102656340A CN 102656340 A CN102656340 A CN 102656340A CN 2010800559063 A CN2010800559063 A CN 2010800559063A CN 201080055906 A CN201080055906 A CN 201080055906A CN 102656340 A CN102656340 A CN 102656340A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
shell member
inner shell
mating face
inner housing
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN2010800559063A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN102656340B (en
Inventor
汉斯·克拉森
本亚明·克洛斯-格罗特
亨宁·阿尔姆斯泰特
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN102656340A publication Critical patent/CN102656340A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102656340B publication Critical patent/CN102656340B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F01D25/265Vertically split casings; Clamping arrangements therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14Casings modified therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/243Flange connections; Bolting arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05CINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00Metals
    • F05C2201/04Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0466Nickel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/72Application in combination with a steam turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/10Stators
    • F05D2240/14Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an inner housing (1) for a flow machine, wherein the inner housing (1) is formed at least from three inner-housing parts as viewed in the circumferential direction.

Description

The multi-part type inner housing that is used for steam turbine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inner housing and a kind of method that is used to make the inner housing that is used for fluid machinery that is used for fluid machinery.
Background technique
Fluid machinery for example is interpreted as steam turbine.Usually, steam turbine has rotor that is rotatably mounted and the housing that is provided with around rotor.Between rotor and inner housing, constitute runner.Housing in steam turbine must can satisfy multiple function.Secondly at first, the guide vane in runner is arranged on the housing, and, and inner housing must withstand the pressure and temperature of flowing medium for whole loading conditions and special runnability.In steam turbine, flowing medium is a steam.In addition, housing must constitute, and makes that the importing and the derivation that are also referred to as drainage are possible.Another function that housing must satisfy is following possibility, and promptly shaft end can connect through housing.
Being in operation occurs under the situation of high stress, pressure and temperature, need suitably select material and structure is chosen to the feasible mechanical integrity and functional that realizes.What need is especially in the zone of the portion of becoming a mandarin and the first directing vane film trap, to use high-quality material for this reason.
Nickel-base alloy is fit to be applied in and is higher than 650 ° of C, for example under the initial steam temperature of 700 ° of C, because it withstands the load that at high temperature occurs.Certainly, the application of this nickel-base alloy and new requirement link together.Therefore, the cost that is used for nickel-base alloy is high relatively, and in addition, for example limits the workability of nickel-base alloy through restricted casting possibility.This causes, and must minimize the application of nickel-base material.In addition, nickel-base material is the heat conductor of difference.Thus, temperature gradient is constant on wall thickness, makes thermal stress high relatively.Considered is in addition, and with respect to traditional material, under the situation of using nickel material, it is big that the temperature difference between the entrance and exit of steam turbine may become.
Nowadays, follow different concept the steam turbine that is suitable for high temperature and high pressure is provided.Therefore, be known that document " Advanced Design of Mitsubishi Large Steam Turbines (advanced design of Mitsubishi's large-size steam turbine) " according to Y.Tanaka etc.; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd; Power Gen Eurpo (European electric power exhibition), 2003, the Dusseldorf;-8 days on the 6th May in 2003, will comprise that the inner housing structure of a plurality of parts joins in the outer shell construction.Be known that equally according to DE 10 2,006 027 237 A1 inner housings and form by two parts.The inner housing structure of multicompartment is disclosed in DE 342 1067 and in DE 103 53 451 A1 equally.
Design fluid machinery to high vapor (steam) temperature and vapor pressure, for example steam turbine.Partly, vapor (steam) temperature is higher than 650 ° of C, and vapor pressure is higher than 300bar.This steam parameter requires to use the material that withstands thermal stress and mechanical stress.Be known that and use heavy alloyed chromium steel.Be known that the use nickel-base material in addition.Steam turbine comprises the rotor that can install rotationally around spin axis and inner housing that is provided with around rotor and the frame that is provided with around inner housing basically.The common two-piece type of inner housing ground constitutes, and promptly inner housing has the inner shell member of bottom and the inner shell member on top, wherein between said two inner shell member, constitutes the mating face of level.The nickel-base material that is used for this steam turbine is relatively costly.In addition, manufacturing is limited to low tonnage and castability.In addition, the inner shell member phase counterweight of processing by single-piece and big.
Summary of the invention
Propose the present invention with regard to this point, the object of the invention does, a kind of inner housing that is used for fluid machinery is provided, and said inner housing can be processed to lightweight.This purpose realizes through the inner housing that is used for fluid machinery according to claim 1.
The present invention is based on following viewpoint, that is, can cancel being limited to two inner shell member and being configured with three inner shell member at least.Thus, reduced the quality and the size of each inner shell member to be made, this causes the better manipulation of inner shell member.In addition, inner shell member is processed to lightweight more.
Inner housing can be configured for installing round centering on the directed rotor of spin axis, and inner shell member is divided on the circumferencial direction about spin axis.Division on axial direction is feasible equally.Certainly, it is more favourable dividing on about the circumferencial direction of spin axis, because can distribute mechanical force better.The outside dimension of the inner shell member of separating in a circumferential direction in addition, is less than the inner shell member of on axial direction, separating.At this, inner shell member is connected to each other by suitable mechanism in a circumferential direction.
Inner housing has the mating face of level.This causes, and during inner shell member is installed, can stably settle corresponding lower inner shell body component, and the inner shell member on one or more corresponding tops can be set on the inner shell member of one or more bottoms.
According to the present invention, inner housing comprises the inner shell member of two bottoms under inner shell member that comprises the top that is made up of single-piece on the horizontal joint and the mating face in level.Usually, the inner shell member of bottom is greater than the inner shell member on top, and therefore the inner shell member of bottom being divided into two parts is favourable solution.
Favourable improved form is explained in the dependent claims.
In favourable improved form, the inner shell member that is arranged on two bottoms under the mating face of level forms through vertical mating face.This means that the inner shell member that is arranged on two bottoms under the mating face of level minute surface basically constitutes symmetrically.This causes, and from the reason of symmetry, the mechanical load of inner shell member distributes equably.Vertical mating face is provided with respect to the half-twist ground, mating face of level.
In favourable improved form, the first lower inner shell body component constitutes with basic equal and opposite in direction of the second lower inner shell body component and weight identically.In addition, the first lower inner shell body component and the second lower inner shell body component have the adapter of becoming a mandarin respectively.
In another favourable improved form, inner housing comprises four inner shell member, and wherein two inner shell member are formed under the mating face of level, and two inner shell member are formed on the mating face of level.Except inner housing being divided into three parts, it is favourable being divided into four parts.From the reason of symmetry, four basic approximate size of parts equate.This causes, and can practice thrift cost during fabrication, because compare with the member of making different sizes, makes the equal member of approximate size and faces lower challenge.In addition, the low single-piece weight of inner shell member has reduced the substandard products risk of each inner shell member.Reduce risk economically thus.In general, this has caused the throughput that enlarges, and promptly can expand supplier's system.
In another favourable improved form, the inner shell member that is arranged on the mating face of level has vertical mating face.Be similar to the form of implementation with three housing parts, wherein the inner shell member of two bottoms has vertical mating face, and the inner shell member that is formed in two tops on the mating face of level has vertical mating face.In other words, the vertical mating face that on the horizontal joint, constitutes is provided with respect to basic half-twist ground, the mating face of level.Thus, the member of inner shell member is that approximate size equates that this causes further saving cost.
In another favourable extend type, vertical mating face is continuous.This means that the vertical mating face of the vertical mating face of the inner shell member on two tops and the inner shell member of two bottoms is positioned on the straight line.From the reason of symmetry, mechanical force is assigned on the inner shell member thus better.In addition, be out of shape homogeneous more.
In another favourable extend type, inner shell member is made up of nickel-base material.Nickel-base material is suitable for mechanical stress that in steam turbine operation, is occurred and thermal stress.
Purpose to method realizes that through the method that is used to make the inner housing that is used for fluid machinery wherein inner housing is processed by at least three inner housing cast construction.Advantage obtains according to the advantage to the device explanation.
Description of drawings
Below, through annexed drawings set forth embodiments of the invention with reference to signal, about whole for the important details of the present invention clearly with reference to said accompanying drawing.Shown in the drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the side view of the inner housing of coupling couplet each other;
Fig. 2 illustrates the sectional drawing that the straight line A in Fig. 1 cuts open;
Fig. 3 illustrates the stereogram of inner housing;
Fig. 4 illustrates the sectional drawing of cutting open along straight line A of the inner housing that comprises four inner shell member;
Fig. 5 is illustrated in the schematic representation of the inner housing shown in Fig. 4 with exploded view.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the side view of the inner housing 1 of fluid machinery.This fluid machinery for example can be steam turbine or gas turbine.Following form of implementation relates to steam turbine.Inner housing 1 comprises the mating face 2 of level and constitutes basically symmetrically around spin axis 3.The rotor that is not shown specifically is installed in rotation within the inner housing 1 around spin axis 3.
On the horizontal joint 3, constitute the inner shell member 5,10,11 on top, and the inner shell member 6,7 that under the horizontal joint 2, constitutes the bottom.The inner shell member 6,7 of the bottom under the horizontal joint 2 has to become a mandarin basically takes over 4.Fig. 1 had both represented by three inner housings that inner shell member constituted the inner housing that is made up of four inner shell member to be shown also.
Fig. 2 illustrates the section of cutting open along straight line A of inner housing 1 among Fig. 1.Inner housing 1 comprises the inner shell member 5 on top on the horizontal joint 2, and under the horizontal joint 2, has the inner shell member 6 of first bottom and the inner shell member 7 of second bottom.Between the inner shell member 7 of the inner shell member 6 of first bottom and second bottom, constitute vertical mating face 8.Said vertical mating face 8 constitutes with respect to 2 one-tenth 90 ° ground, mating face of level basically.The inner shell member 6 of first bottom can be connected via bolt with the inner shell member 7 of second bottom fixed to one anotherly.In this case importantly, after connecting for the first time, the inner shell member 6 and 7 of bottom is no longer opened, because this can cause moving.
The inner shell member 6 of first bottom and the inner shell member of second bottom 7 basic equal and opposite in direction ground constitute.The inner shell member 6 of first bottom and the inner shell member 7 of second bottom have to become a mandarin takes over 4, to be used to transport flowing medium.
Fig. 3 illustrates the stereogram of the inner housing among Fig. 2 with exploded view.Inner housing 1 is made up of at least three inner shell member 5,6 and 7.Inner housing 1 is configured for the rotor around spin axis 3 orientations is installed, and inner shell member 5,6 and 7 is divided on about the circumferencial direction 9 of spin axis 3.Inner housing 1 is made up of nickel-base material.
Fig. 4 illustrates replacing of inner housing 1 and selects form of implementation.Be that with difference the inner shell member 5 on top also is divided into the inner shell member 10 on first top and the inner shell member 11 on second top now according to the inner housing 1 of Fig. 2.In this case, the inner shell member 11 on the inner shell member 10 on first top and second top is separated from each other through vertical mating face 12 equally.Vertical mating face 12 constitutes continuous, vertical mating face with vertical mating face 8.This means that vertical mating face 8 is provided with along straight line 13 with vertical mating face 12.Inner housing 1 constitutes, and makes the mating face 2 of level in the routine of the steam turbine that comprises this inner housing 1 is used, essentially horizontally be provided with.In this case, the mating face 2 of vertical mating face 8,12 and level is provided with on half-twist ground relative to each other.
The housing parts 10 on first top can be connected through bolt with the housing parts 11 on second top fixed to one anotherly.Note also that at this vertical mating face 12 is no longer opened after screwing, so that do not change position and orientation thus.
Fig. 5 illustrates the stereogram of the inner housing 1 among Fig. 4, and said inner housing comprises four inner shell member 6,7,10,11 and on circumferencial direction 9, divides.The present invention comprises three or four inner shell member 6,7,10,11 of on circumferencial direction 9, dividing in an embodiment.In the form of implementation for choosing, inner housing can be to constitute more than four inner shell member.

Claims (11)

1. the inner housing (1) that is used for fluid machinery; Wherein said inner housing (1) is made up of at least three inner shell member (5,6,7,10,11); Wherein said inner housing (1) is configured to round installing around the directed rotor of spin axis (3); And said inner shell member (5,6,7,10,11) is to go up division at the circumferencial direction (9) about said spin axis (3)
Wherein said inner housing (1) has the mating face (2) of level, and wherein said inner housing (1) comprises two inner shell member (6,7) under inner shell member (5) that comprises the top that is made up of single-piece on the mating face (2) of said level and the mating face (2) in said level.
2. inner housing according to claim 1 (1), two the said inner shell member (6,7) that wherein are arranged under the mating face (2) of said level are configured to through vertical mating face (8).
3. inner housing according to claim 2 (1) wherein is arranged on the basic equal and opposite in direction ground of two said inner shell member (6, the 7) formation under the mating face (2) of said level.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described inner housings (1), two the said inner shell member (6,7) that wherein are arranged under the mating face (2) of said level have adapter of becoming a mandarin (4) respectively.
5. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described inner housing (1); Wherein said inner housing (1) has four inner shell member (5,6,7,10,11), and wherein two inner shell member (6,7) are formed under the mating face of said level and two inner shell member (10,11) are formed on the mating face (2) of said level.
6. inner housing according to claim 5 (1), the said inner shell member (10,11) that wherein is arranged on the mating face (2) of said level has vertical mating face (12).
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described inner housings (1), the said inner shell member (6,7) that wherein is arranged under the mating face (2) of said level has vertical mating face (8).
8. according to claim 6 and 7 described inner housings (1), wherein said vertical mating face (8) and said vertical mating face (12) are continuous.
9. according to one of aforesaid right requirement described inner housing (1), wherein said housing parts (5,6,7,10,11) is made up of nickel-base material.
10. be used to make the method for the inner housing (1) of fluid machinery, wherein said inner housing (1) is processed by at least three inner housing cast construction connected to one another in a circumferential direction.
11. method according to claim 10, wherein said inner shell member (5,6,7,10,11) is processed by nickel-base material.
CN201080055906.3A 2009-12-08 2010-12-07 For the multi-part type inner housing of steam turbine Expired - Fee Related CN102656340B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09015211.7 2009-12-08
EP09015211A EP2333252A1 (en) 2009-12-08 2009-12-08 Multi-component internal housing for a steam turbine
PCT/EP2010/069015 WO2011069986A1 (en) 2009-12-08 2010-12-07 Multiple-part inner housing for a steam turbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102656340A true CN102656340A (en) 2012-09-05
CN102656340B CN102656340B (en) 2016-01-20

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CN201080055906.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102656340B (en) 2009-12-08 2010-12-07 For the multi-part type inner housing of steam turbine

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EP (2) EP2333252A1 (en)
CN (1) CN102656340B (en)
WO (1) WO2011069986A1 (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2905434A (en) * 1954-07-08 1959-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Turbine apparatus
US5060842A (en) * 1990-04-09 1991-10-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for refurbishing nozzle block vanes of a steam turbine
JP2002206408A (en) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-26 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Steam turbine
US20040191059A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-09-30 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Drop-in nozzle block for steam turbine
CN1589361A (en) * 2001-11-20 2005-03-02 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 Gas turbo group
EP1744017A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Combined steam turbine and method for operating a combined steam turbine
CN100338338C (en) * 2003-03-21 2007-09-19 沃尔沃航空公司 A method of manufacturing a stator component
WO2009122879A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-08 三菱重工業株式会社 Compartment structure for steam turbine

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5227282B2 (en) * 1970-11-05 1977-07-19
JPH0621521B2 (en) 1983-06-10 1994-03-23 株式会社日立製作所 Main structure of steam turbine main steam inlet
DE10353451A1 (en) 2003-11-15 2005-06-16 Alstom Technology Ltd Steam turbine and method for producing such a steam turbine
DE102006027237A1 (en) 2005-06-14 2006-12-28 Alstom Technology Ltd. Steam turbine for a power plant has guide blade rows that are arranged on a single blade ring which is in turn arranged in the inner casing

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2905434A (en) * 1954-07-08 1959-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Turbine apparatus
US5060842A (en) * 1990-04-09 1991-10-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for refurbishing nozzle block vanes of a steam turbine
JP2002206408A (en) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-26 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Steam turbine
CN1589361A (en) * 2001-11-20 2005-03-02 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 Gas turbo group
CN100406684C (en) * 2001-11-20 2008-07-30 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 Gas turbo group
CN100338338C (en) * 2003-03-21 2007-09-19 沃尔沃航空公司 A method of manufacturing a stator component
US20040191059A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-09-30 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Drop-in nozzle block for steam turbine
EP1744017A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Combined steam turbine and method for operating a combined steam turbine
WO2009122879A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-08 三菱重工業株式会社 Compartment structure for steam turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011069986A1 (en) 2011-06-16
EP2333252A1 (en) 2011-06-15
EP2510196A1 (en) 2012-10-17
CN102656340B (en) 2016-01-20

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