CN102654445B - Intelligent sensor capable of monitoring respirable dust - Google Patents
Intelligent sensor capable of monitoring respirable dust Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent sensor capable of monitoring respirable dust, relating to an intelligent sensor which is used for detecting dust concentration of a high-concentration dust operating environment and carrying out acquiring and remote monitoring networking in real time. The intelligent sensor comprises a dust sampling separating template, an infrared monitoring module, an RAM (Random Access Memory) microprocessor module, a communication module and a power supply module. The intelligent sensor can be used for acquiring dust data in industrial and mining enterprises and detecting the operating environment. Aiming at the current situation and the demand of dust monitoring in the industrial hygiene field in China, the dust sensor is designed, thus the technical blank of the field is made up, and an advanced detection technology is provided for the security control department.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of for the high concentrate dust operating environment, the testing environment dust concentration, and a kind of intellectualized sensor of Real-time Collection, remote monitoring networking belongs to industrial environment detection technique field.
Background technology
In recent years, the situation of production of China allows of no optimist, and particularly serious accident happens occasionally, and causes huge economic loss and social influence for country and society.Then, in another severely afflicated area of safety in production, ascendant trend also appears in the death toll of occupational health field pneumoconiosis.The extent of injury of pneumoconiosis is to a certain extent greater than the industrial injury fatal accident.The dust work place of China is very general, and particularly the dust harzard of bargh and building materials enterprise is very serious.Pneumoconiosis Patients is the first in the world.Although China has formulated relevant operating environment dust concentration and has allowed hygienic standard, because assay method falls behind, can not grasp in real time the dust concentration information of operating environment, therefore, be difficult to supervision.So this technical barrier in the urgent need to address.
At present, the operating environment dust concentration detecting method of China's formulation is the timing sampling weight method.The instrument that adopts is mainly take dust sampler as key instrument.And this type of only can gather the dust average data in the period together, and randomness is very large, can not truly reflect operation site surrounding dust concentration.
Be abroad mainly two kinds of methods in operation place dust concentration measuring method, a kind of is the heavy method of sampling meter, and another kind is quick dust measuring method (dust gauge).Key instrument has: the MRE113 type dust determination instrument of Britain, the MSA personal sampler that did not have, the TM dust gauge of Germany, P-5 dust gauge and the TR sampling thief of Japan.At the monitoring management rather severe in dust work place, so the curing and prevention measure of dust is effective, the environment dust concentration is lower due to abroad, and above instrument is only applicable to the monitoring of low concentration operating environment, is not suitable for using in China.
China's dust work field is numerous, and concentration is high.Particularly bargh and building materials enterprise problem are even more serious.Go to supervise the operating environment dust concentration of enterprise by the existing hygienic standard of China, should say the generation that can control pneumoconiosis, but due to the backwardness of method and technique, can't the Real-time Collection dust work data in place.The present invention is exactly present situation and the demand for China's industrial hygiene field dust monitoring, and invention has designed this dust sensor, has solved the technological gap in this field, and a kind of advanced person's detection technique means are provided for safety regulator.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of intelligent dust sensor one cover that detects respirable dust, but the dust work environment measuring of its Real-time Collection industrial and mining enterprises.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of intellectualized sensor of monitoring respirable dust comprises that dust sampling separates template, infrared monitoring module, RAM microprocessor module, communication module, power module;
Described infrared monitoring module is by infrared light supply, the standard detection chamber, and dust sensing chamber, the Photoelectric Detection chamber, and signal conditioning circuit forms; The infrared detection module is to be divided into two bundles of energy equalization by the light that light source sends, a branch of by the standard detection chamber as benchmark, another bundle is by dust sensing chamber, and this two-beam detects photovalve and converts photosignal to electric signal on the receiving plane of lens focus at detector;
Separate: the dust sampling separation module, effectively separate the total dust in the Airborne Dust of Workplace;
Transform: the respirable dust after separating is sent into the infrared monitoring module, and the Photoelectric Detection chamber changes into electric signal and exports according to the variation of the absorption coefficient of light;
Data are processed: electric signal is sent into microprocessor and is carried out the data processing after the A/D conversion, microprocessor is added up, is calculated the data that gather, and be converted into the relative dust concentration value of environment, send display to show numerical value, deposit in simultaneously in memory, microprocessor is according to system arrangement, the send mode of specified data and delivery time;
Communication module is according to the communication mode of the determining the transmission of data of networking, but the dust concentration situation in Surveillance center's Real-time Obtaining industrial and mining enterprises operation place is convenient to regulatory analysis.
Described dust sampling separation module by module by cyclone separator, flow sensor, aspiration pump, particle collector, flow control circuit, signal conditioning circuit forms; Cyclone separator is separated into two parts with getting powder dust particle in air, and a part is respirable dust, and another part is non-respirable dust; Flow sensor and flow control circuit are stablized sampling flow, guarantee separation efficiency and sampling precision, guarantee constant sampling flow; Flow is sent into the A/D conversion, and is connected with the RAM microprocessor module after signal conditioning circuit is processed, by the RAM microprocessor module, sampled data is analyzed, processed, and export corresponding D/A and measure to flow control circuit, control the air pump flow, thereby reach constant rate.
Described RAM microprocessing systems module is comprised of RAM series processors, A/D analog to digital converter, D/A digital to analog converter, LCD colorful display screen, keyboard, communication interface; A/D analog to digital converter, D/A digital to analog converter are carried by the RAM microprocessor, and the LCD colorful display screen directly drives connection by the RAM microprocessor, and keyboard operates and controls whole terminal, and communication interface is utilized RAM microprocessor self standard interface.
Its principle of work:
Dust sampling module (Fig. 1-1), will be in the Airborne Dust of Workplace total dust effectively separate, the respirable dust after separating is sent into infrared detection chamber (Fig. 1-2), the Photoelectric Detection chamber changes into electric signal output according to the variation of the absorption coefficient of light.Electric signal is sent into microprocessor (Fig. 1-3) and is carried out the data processing after the A/D conversion, microprocessor is added up, is calculated the data that gather, and be converted into the relative dust concentration value of environment, send display to show numerical value, deposit in simultaneously in memory, microprocessor is according to system arrangement, the send mode of specified data and delivery time.Communication module (Fig. 1-4) is according to the communication mode of the determining the transmission of data of networking, but the dust concentration situation in Surveillance center's Real-time Obtaining industrial and mining enterprises operation place is convenient to regulatory analysis.
Beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is directed to present situation and the demand of China's industrial hygiene field dust monitoring, invention has designed this dust sensor, has solved the technological gap in this field, and a kind of advanced person's detection technique means are provided for safety regulator.
(2) but the dust work environment measuring of Real-time Collection industrial and mining enterprises.
(3) the present invention has a mini cyclone, can separate with non-respirable dust the respiratory of harmful to human, and separation efficiency meets international BMRC standard.
(4) the present invention applicable in all kinds of dust work environment, is the dust data in a kind of Real-time Collection operation continuously place, and can be based on the wired or wireless mode transmission data of networking.This invention has solved and has got technical barrier in the dust monitoring technology, is to meet the intellectualized sensor of relevant criterion in Internet of Things application system framework.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional-block diagram of the intelligent dust sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of dust sampling separation module of the present invention.
Wherein, 2-1-cyclone separator; 2-2-flow sensor; 2-3-aspiration pump; 2-4-particle collector; 2-5-flow controller.
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of infrared monitoring module of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is system's theory of constitution block diagram of RAM microprocessor module of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the theory diagram of communication module of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the theory diagram of power module of the present invention.
Fig. 7-1st, the enforcement structural representation of mini cyclone of the present invention.
Fig. 7-2nd, the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 7-1.
Fig. 8 is the main program flow chart of general design of software of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described for the contrast accompanying drawing
Fig. 2 is dust sampling separation module theory diagram.The dust sampling separation module is one of gordian technique of the present invention, and this module is by mini cyclone (2-1), sampling flow transducer, aspiration pump, particle collector, flow control circuit, the compositions such as signal conditioning circuit (Fig. 2).
Mini cyclone is with airborne powder dust particle, is separated into two parts, and a part is respirable dust, 7
2The powder dust particle that μ m is above, Fig. 7-1 and Fig. 7-2nd, it implements structural drawing, and separation vessel must meet following four optimum dimension conditions:
(1) the air intake opening width equals the annular space width between inside and outside cylinder
B=
Following formula, D
cBe the diameter (Fig. 7) of out cylinder, do is the inserter diameter (Fig. 7) of inner cylinder
(2) the air intake opening height is an air-flow pitch, just can make air-flow not form the dead angle in cyclone.
(3) the air intake opening cross section is the rectangle of the parallel limbs axis in long limit, because when entrance section is long-pending identical, the outer whirlpool thickness that only has this entrance to cause is minimum.Shortened like this settling time of particle, separation efficiency is the highest.
(4) the length S in the inner core inserter equals 1.25 for best with the ratio of its interior diameter do.
Experimental results show that:
S/de＜1.0 o'clock, S has the greatest impact to separation efficiency.
S/de=1.0 o'clock, separation efficiency is the highest.
S/de〉1.0 o'clock, with the elongation of S, efficient is slow decreasing again.
After having satisfied above four conditions, the efficient of cyclone separator, Pressure Drop just only depends on inside and outside cylinder diameter ratio.
R = de/Dc
If optimum dimension determined than R, can make and secondaryly flow the most weakly, separating power is the strongest, and energy consumes minimum.
For fear of throttling effect, must make effective flow area of escape pipe be not less than the air intake opening cross section.With regard to reducing local flow, equate as best take both.
Ai/Ae=
=
0.64
In formula: K
1 
0.5
Ai-air intake opening area
Ae-gas outlet area
Carry secretly for fear of the bottom, this just requires the rotational speed of whole whirlpool enough high must to have stable swirl flow.This can be by Re number judgement, makes by the way that reduces radius of turn simultaneously that on the horizontal section of different axial locations, the fluid mean speed keeps constant, thereby obtains stable whirlwind center.
By can be calculated:
du = 0.321 Dc
du = 0.595 de
Hk = 2.51 de
Hc=1.66 Dc (whirlwind is naturally long)
According to above selection principle, can realize dust separation efficient of the present invention.And can meet the BMRC standard.(the detach Spline standard of the respirable dust that WHO announces).
The making material of mini cyclone must adopt metal material, and be anlistatig.
Sampling flow transducer and flow control circuit are the key links of stablizing sampling flow, in order to guarantee separation efficiency and sampling precision, and must constant sampling flow.
In the present invention, flow sensor (2-2) adopts MEMS flow chip technology, this flow sensor (2-2) has little power consumption, without crushing, highly sensitive, the characteristics such as the response time is fast, its flow switching signal, after signal condition (2-6) processing of circuit, send into the A/D conversion, and be connected with the RAM microprocessor, by the RAM microprocessor, sampled data is analyzed, processed, and export corresponding D/A and measure to flow controller (2-5), control aspiration pump (2-3) flow, thereby reach the purpose of constant rate.The outlet of the terminating of the dust flow of controlling through aspiration pump (2-3) sensing chamber.
A part of dust flow through flow sensor (2-2) directly connects sensing chamber's entrance.
Aspiration pump (2-3) can adopt reciprocating pump or scraper pump.Particle collector (2-4) is mainly to collect respirable dust, is used for the analysis to dust characteristic and dioxide-containing silica.
Fig. 3 is infrared detection module principle block diagram, and this module is by infrared light supply Fig. 3-0, standard detection chamber Fig. 3-1, dust Fig. 3 of sensing chamber-2, Photoelectric Detection Fig. 3-3, Fig. 3-4, and signal conditioning circuit Fig. 3-5, composition such as Fig. 3-6 grade.The below elaborates:
The present invention designs and adopts infrared detection technology to carry out the physical quantity conversion, is a kind of innovation for monitoring technology in China's high concentrate dust operating environment.Infrared light supply is comprised of monochromatic light, and frequency spectrum is chosen in below 2 μ m, and when dust laden air process sensing chamber, luminous energy weakens.And the degree that luminous energy weakens is relevant with light distance of process in sensing chamber with dusty gas concentration, this relation is obeyed Lambert-Beer's law, utilize this specific character, just can realize the real-time continuous of dust concentration in operating environment is monitored by detection method of the present invention.
The light path design of infrared dust investigating is very important, and its rationality directly has influence on measuring accuracy.The present invention designs and adopts the method for single wavelength double light path Differential Detection that dust concentration is detected.As shown in Figure 3, the infrared light that light source (Fig. 3-0) sends is divided into two bundles of energy equalization through beam splitter and catoptron, and a branch of standard chamber (Fig. 3-1) of passing through is as benchmark, and another Shu Ze is respectively by the light intensity of sensing chamber (Fig. 3-2) the two-way output of dust-laden:
I
1（λ）= I
0（λ）K
1D
1 （1）
I
2（λ）= I
0（λ）K
2D
2exp(-
CL) （2）
In formula:
I
0The initial strength of (λ)-light source
K
1K
2The construction coefficient of-light path 1 and light path 2
D
1D
2-be the photoelectric conversion factors of standard detection chamber and dust sensing chamber
L-air chamber length
C-dust concentration mg/m
3(relative concentration)
Are divided by in (1) and (2), obtain dust concentration and be:
C=
ln
（3）
(3) α, K in formula
1, K
2, D
1, D
2It is all known coefficient.The dust concentration value that obtains is only relevant with two bundle outgoing light intensities.
Due to the interference of light path, the unstable output of light source, photoelectric device the time float and temperature is floated interference to each road information, and the many factors such as environment is identical on the impact on two-beam road.So by this double light path difference detecting method, can eliminate these factors to the impact of powder concentration measurement.
In addition, the infrared detection module is to be divided into two bundles of energy equalization by the light that light source sends, a branch of by standard chamber as benchmark, another bundle is by sensing chamber to be measured.This two-beam detects photovalve and converts photosignal to electric signal on the receiving plane of lens focus at detector.
Again the two-way ultra-weak electronic signal is amplified by low noise amplifier appropriateness, then carry out filtering through the analog bandpass filtering device, except denoising, send into the A/D conversion, and send into microprocessor and carry out analytical calculation, draw the dust concentration value.
Fig. 4 microprocessor module theory diagram
Microprocessing systems module of the present invention is by RAM series processors A/D analog to digital converter.The D/A digital to analog converter, the LCD colorful display screen, keyboard, communication interfaces (Fig. 4) etc. form microprocessor system.
The present invention adopts RAM series microprocessor chip, and it is the core component of this sensor, controls the sampling of whole dust sensor, flow control, and data acquisition, analog-to-digital conversion, data are processed, and data communication shows the operations such as fault diagnosis.Chip includes flash and RAM memory, and embedded OS and related application are all deposited hereinto.In addition, this processor expansion is connected to communication interface, LCD display, and keyboards etc. form a cover microprocessor system.
A/D and D/A digital to analog converter are carried by the RAM microprocessor, and LCD display adopts colorful display screen, directly drive connection by microprocessor, and good man-machine mutual interface is provided.
Keyboard can adopt the key of 4 * 5 series, and it can operate and control whole terminal.
Communication interface is utilized microprocessor self standard interface.
Fig. 5, the communication module functional-block diagram
The present invention is the requirement of satisfying fieldbus or Internet Transmission, and its communication interface outputting standard is realized the function of networked smart sensor by standard (2010) design of international IEEE1451 the 7th part.
Communication mode of the present invention can communicate transmission according to any one mode in three kinds of communication modes of actual conditions selection in dust work place.Three kinds of communication modes:
(1) the present invention adopts 2G or 3G mobile communication mobile phone communication module, is combined with the present invention and can utilizes existing 2G or 3G network, carries out the wireless remote data transmission, and its standard meets the communication standard of 2G or 3G network.
(2) the present invention is designed with the wireless sensing network interface of Zigbee-technology, and module adopts the CC2430 chip, can set up wireless communication networks, and its standard meets the IEEE802.15.4 standard, and this design is suitable for bargh's down-hole application.
(3) the present invention's transmission of networking under wired mode, Interface design is by bus 485 standards.
Fig. 6, the power module theory diagram
Power module of the present invention is by power control circuit, charging circuit, and electric battery (Fig. 6) forms.
Comprise in power control circuit of the present invention: mu balanced circuit, press for a long time testing circuit, failure detector circuit.The interlock circuits such as design of essence safety circuit, its relevant information is connected with microprocessor, carries out intellectuality by microprocessor and controls and use.
Charging circuit of the present invention is for electric battery and specialized designs, and its performance index meet relevant criterion.
Electric battery of the present invention adopts present state-of-the-art iron cell combination, in order to prevent producing unsafe factor in the explosion hazard environment, electric battery is made intrinsic safety process.In addition, iron cell is a kind of inexplosive safety battery.Be adapted at containing in the explosion hazard gaseous environment and use.
Fig. 8, the Software for Design process flow diagram
In the present invention, application program is more, and requirement of real-time is higher, so adopt multiple task real-time operation system on Software for Design.
Function by the present invention will realize is divided into task a plurality of and that deposit with whole system, arranges in descending order by its priority.
Fig. 8 is master routine flowchart of the present invention, after the dust sensor electrification reset, at first enters microprocessor and peripheral hardware initialization.Then enter the initialization of embedded OS and graphical interfaces.Display shows main interface.Also need to set up the semaphore of intertask communication, message mailbox in multi-task scheduling.After preliminary work is ready, the beginning creation task, and distribute priority, all newly-built tasks are set to ready state.After initiating task dispatching system program, begin to carry out from the highest task of priority.
In order to improve the security of system assurance coefficient, can in time report and submit to monitoring center the data that transfinite, interrupt service subroutine of system, in a single day be used for specially processing the data transmission of transfiniting, interrupt being identified, it is on-the-spot that CPU keeps, then jump to interrupt service subroutine (ISR) and carry out event handling, be disposed, withdraw from interruption, kernel will re-start task scheduling.Program is got back in ready state, and the task that priority is the highest brings into operation again.
Claims (1)
1. the intellectualized sensor that can monitor respirable dust, is characterized in that: comprise that dust sampling separates template, infrared monitoring module, RAM microprocessor module, communication module, power module;
Described infrared monitoring module is by infrared light supply, the standard detection chamber, and dust sensing chamber, the Photoelectric Detection chamber, and signal conditioning circuit forms; The infrared monitoring module is to be divided into two bundles of energy equalization by the light that light source sends, a branch of by the standard detection chamber as benchmark, another bundle is by dust sensing chamber, and this two-beam detects photovalve and converts photosignal to electric signal on the receiving plane of lens focus at detector;
Separate: the dust sampling separation module, effectively separate the total dust in the Airborne Dust of Workplace;
Transform: the respirable dust after separating is sent into the infrared monitoring module, and the Photoelectric Detection chamber changes into electric signal and exports according to the variation of the absorption coefficient of light;
Data are processed: electric signal is sent into microprocessor and is carried out the data processing after the A/D conversion, microprocessor is added up, is calculated the data that gather, and be converted into the relative dust concentration value of environment, send display to show numerical value, deposit in simultaneously in memory, microprocessor is according to system arrangement, the send mode of specified data and delivery time;
Communication module is according to the communication mode of the determining the transmission of data of networking, but the dust concentration situation in Surveillance center's Real-time Obtaining industrial and mining enterprises operation place is convenient to regulatory analysis;
Described dust sampling separation module is by cyclone separator, flow sensor, and aspiration pump, particle collector, flow control circuit, signal conditioning circuit forms; Cyclone separator is separated into two parts with airborne powder dust particle, and a part is respirable dust, and another part is non-respirable dust; Flow sensor and flow control circuit are stablized sampling flow, guarantee separation efficiency and sampling precision, guarantee constant sampling flow, the air intake opening width of described cyclone separator equals the annular space width between inside and outside cylinder, the air intake opening cross section is the rectangle of the parallel limbs axis in long limit, the length of inner core inserter is 1.25 with the ratio of its interior diameter, and the cross section of escape pipe is not less than the air intake opening cross section, and cyclone separator adopts anlistatig metal material; Flow is sent into the A/D conversion, and is connected with the RAM microprocessor module after signal conditioning circuit is processed, by the RAM microprocessor module, sampled data is analyzed, processed, and export corresponding D/A and measure to flow control circuit, control the air pump flow, thereby reach constant rate;
Described RAM micro treatment module is comprised of RAM microprocessor, A/D analog to digital converter, D/A digital to analog converter, LCD colorful display screen, keyboard, communication interface; A/D analog to digital converter, D/A digital to analog converter are carried by the RAM microprocessor, and the LCD colorful display screen directly drives connection by the RAM microprocessor, and keyboard operates and controls whole terminal, and communication interface is utilized RAM microprocessor self standard interface.
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| CN109557008A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-04-02 | 光力科技股份有限公司 | Dust concentration measurer and dust concentration measuring kit |
| US11047787B2 (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2021-06-29 | Research Triangle Institute | And method for optical bench for detecting particles |
| CN111398082A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-10 | 山东科技大学 | Real-time monitoring device and method for content of free silica in industrial and mining dust |
| CN111999221A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-27 | 南华大学 | Impact distance adjustable inertial impactor and dust concentration measuring method |
| CN113720739B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-06-21 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Separation-free respiratory dust concentration online measurement method |
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