CN102643146A - Soil-less culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil-less culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102643146A CN102643146A CN2012101285803A CN201210128580A CN102643146A CN 102643146 A CN102643146 A CN 102643146A CN 2012101285803 A CN2012101285803 A CN 2012101285803A CN 201210128580 A CN201210128580 A CN 201210128580A CN 102643146 A CN102643146 A CN 102643146A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil-less culture substrate and a preparation method thereof. The soil-less culture substrate comprises vermiculite, reinforcing components and grass carbon. The soil-less culture substrate is composed of following components, parts by volume, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 2-3 parts of reinforcing components and 0.25-2 parts of grass carbon. The soil-less culture substrate uses the vermiculite, the reinforcing components and the grass carbon as raw materials, a substrate formula with different volume ratios is set, a method combining rationalization character determining and a pot experiment is adopted, pH, physical characteristics, nutrient element content, plant height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of portions above the ground and under the ground of the substrate are determined, and results show that the substrate is suitable for culture of flowers and/or vegetables, especially suitable for culture of enjoyable leaf flowers and cucumbers, and has important application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Adopt traditional cultivating method, particularly greenhouse production often will take a large amount of farmland table soil, can destroy ecological environment of soil, cause the artificial loss of soil, and be prone to cause soil-borne disease.Soilless culture is in recent years used increasingly extensive on gardening plant, and discussion is suitable for and cheap soilless substrate has important production meaning, is the effective way of nontoxic, pollution-free, the non-harmful efficient ecological agricultural of development.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof.
Soilless culture substrate provided by the invention comprises vermiculite, reinforces the component and the peat composed of rotten mosses.
Said soilless culture substrate also can only be made up of said components.Said reinforcing component is various common rocks, like boccaro rock, stone etc., can gather materials on the spot according to local rock conditions; Wherein, said soilless culture substrate is made up of each component of following volume parts: vermiculite: 6-8 part; Reinforce component: 2-3 part; The peat composed of rotten mosses: 0.25-2 part;
Preferably form: vermiculite: 8 parts by each component of following volume parts; Reinforce component: 2 parts; The peat composed of rotten mosses: 0.5 part.
The particle diameter of said vermiculite is 50mm;
The particle diameter of said reinforcing component is 50mm.
The method of the said soilless culture substrate of preparation provided by the invention comprises the steps: each the component mixing in the aforementioned soilless culture substrate is obtained said soilless culture substrate.
The application of the soilless culture substrate that the invention described above provides in floriculture and/or vegetables, and the culture substrate that contains the flowers and/or the vegetables of said soilless culture substrate also belong to protection scope of the present invention.Wherein, said flowers are ornamental foliage class flowers, and are concrete, and said flowers are kwan-yin or the cineraria of dripping; Said vegetables are cucumber.
The present invention utilizes raw materials such as the vermiculite, boccaro rock, the peat composed of rotten mosses of local cheap, abundant resource, quality homogeneous; According to volume ratio 6 kinds of substrates with different prescriptions are set; Cultivate as contrast with common vegetable garden soil; Carry out pot experiment, measure matrix physicochemical character and plant growth condition simultaneously, to filter out the matrix of best proportioning; Reach that economic benefit height, time free from environmental pollution, easy to use, capable of using are long, nutrient discharges slowly and lasting, be beneficial to the stretching, extension of root system and adhere to, to give full play to its fixing effect; Can not the effect that soil surpasses soil to give full play to it for plant provides conditions such as good water, fertilizer, gas, heat, pH value; Adapt to modern production and living condition; Easy handling and stdn; To give full play to its high in technological content effect, promote based theoretical for the big area of composite interstitial substance, the result shows that this matrix is suitable for the cultivation of flowers and/or vegetables very much; Especially be suitable for the cultivation of ornamental foliage class flowers and cucumber, have important use and be worth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done further elaboration, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Said method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Said starting material all can get from open commercial sources if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1
Materials and methods:
Supply the examination material:
Substrate material: the vermiculite boccaro rock peat composed of rotten mosses
Cucumber variety: photosynthetic Tianjin spring No. 2; View and admire leaf type plant:
The basin alms bowl: white tool hole plastic tub (specification 230mm * 180mm, 100mm * 70mm)
Testing program:
Testing program, test processing scheme are seen table 1.Used vermiculite, boccaro rock particle diameter are 50mm.
The matrix physicochemical character is measured: get 100mm * 70mm white tool hole plastic tub; Basin heelpiece double gauze is packed in the plastic tub tray at the bottom of the basin into according to table 1 preparation matrix; Supply water in the dish; It is saturated that matrix is absorbed water to naturally, and draining 24h to be to get rid of gravity water fully then, with gravity water as the matrix air holding capacity; With the matrix water holding capacity is that the kapillary water holding capacity is made the water supply in media volume, calculates unit weight, total porosity, air holding capacity (the gravity water yield), moisture volume physical indexs such as (capillaries) that each is handled respectively.Meanwhile measure the content of nutritive element in the matrix.
Biological culture test: the double gauze plain cushion that will shear is in advance packed in the plastic tub by the abundant mixing matrix of different proportionings at the bottom of basin then, and each basin dress matrix volume equates; Each is handled dose and equates (to execute urea 0.59 gram in every cubic decimeter, diammonium phosphate 1.86 grams, vitriolate of tartar 1.15 grams; Boric acid 0.03575 gram, manganous sulfate 0.01538 gram, zinc sulfate 0.01209 gram; Copper sulfate 0.00246 gram, ammonium molybdate 0.00115 gram, EDTA-Fe 0.36552 gram).Test in glasshouse and carry out, the cucumber seeds of selected prior vernalization, 6 of every basin sowings, seed level 2cm.Each handles repetition 3 times, and district's group is arranged at random, and each is handled equivalent and supplies water, the final singling wholeheartedly time of two leaves, and every basin final singling 3 strains were measured plant height on the 23rd day, and the 25th day results are measured leaf area, overground part and root fresh weight and dry weight.
Data processing: test-results is carried out variance analysis with SAS software.
Table 1, test matrix processing scheme and physico-chemical property
(ratio is V in the table
Vermiculite: V
The boccaro rock: V
The peat composed of rotten mosses)
Result and analysis:
1, the physicochemical property of different ingredients matrix
Table 1 shows that all less than the pH of vegetable garden soil, all between 5.00～7.40, pH increases with the shared volume ratio of the peat composed of rotten mosses and reduces pH the substrate pH of all prescriptions.Fixedly the shared ratio of the peat composed of rotten mosses changes boccaro rock and vermiculite volume, it seems on the whole, increases with the boccaro rock, and matrix unit weight increases, and substrate pH increases, and total porosity reduces.GWR changes and difference according to the ratio of three kinds of raw materials.
All in all, each matrix treatments unit weight is all less than vegetable garden soil.Along with the boccaro volume of rock increases, matrix unit weight is increase trend, increases with the vermiculite proportion, and matrix unit weight reduces, and it is relevant with other two kinds of proportions that the ratio that changes the peat composed of rotten mosses causes that unit weight changes.Because contain vermiculite in the matrix, vermiculite is loose porous, the total porosity in all formulation medias all is higher than vegetable garden soil, and when vermiculite accounting example was big, general porosity was bigger.The ratio that increases the peat composed of rotten mosses, sand shale causes general porosity to reduce, and the matrix ventilation property is poor, and GWR descends.When especially peat composed of rotten mosses proportion increased, the macrovoid of matrix obviously reduced, and increase relatively the fine porosity.
It is few to contain fast nitrogen, fast phosphorus, quick-acting copper, zinc in the vermiculite, and available potassium, iron, manganese are more.It is more to contain fast nitrogen in the peat composed of rotten mosses, and fast phosphorus, fast potassium are less, and contain more rich trace element.Nutritive element is less in the boccaro rock.Because substrate formula adopts volume ratio; And measure by the soil agrochemistry conventional method of analysis when measuring nutritive element content, so from table, it seems, the content of nutritive element does not demonstrate regular the variation; But from by and large; (table 1) quick-acting iron, manganese content are higher than content in the vegetable garden soil far away in the various formulation medias, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are lower than content in the vegetable garden soil, and quick-acting copper, zinc content are a little more than content in the vegetable garden soil.The content of nutritive element has the important references effect to reasonable disposition in the cultivation process and supply plant nutrition in the matrix.
2, different ingredients matrix is to the influence of plant strain growth:
T
3The cucumber plant height is maximum in the processing, with contrast ratio, and significant difference.Next is T
1, T
3～T
6, all remarkable with contrast ratio difference.
T
1, T
3In the processing, the Folium Cucumidis sativi area is significantly higher than contrast, but does not have significant difference between handling.
T
3Cucumber seedling over-ground part fresh weight is the highest in the processing matrix, secondly is T1, T
4～T
6, it is all remarkable that difference is compared in contrast.
T
3, T
6The overground part dry weight is apparently higher than contrast, but difference is not remarkable between the two.
T
1, T2, T3, T
4, T
5, T
6There is not significant difference between dry weight and contrast (vegetable garden soil).
Table 2, different ingredients matrix are to the influence of plant strain growth
Can be known by table 1 and table 2, be not the environmental factors of growth and development of plants though support, and supporting is a pacing items of plant-growth.If do not support, root system of plant just can not normal extension, and plant can not be upright, and under the working condition of land for growing field crops, soil is exactly the supporter that plant is rely and grows; And under the condition of soilless culture, plant-growth relies on matrix to support.Simultaneously, the ventilation property of matrix, water-retentivity, nutrient preserving capability etc. also have extremely important influence to plant strain growth.In the actual production, should understand the independent effect of the various factors, understand interact again, satisfying the needs that growth and development of plants and organ form, realization high yield, high-quality, integration objective efficiently.
Vermiculite (pH 6.64) is structure in the form of sheets, the volumetric expansion of suction back, and the sheet interlayer is full of water, and vermiculite is many, and retaining power, diversion power are all strong, and water holding capacity is big, is difficult for doing.But vermiculite unit weight is little, to plant fix, supporting role is poor.Show that through analyzing matrix physicochemical character and biological culture test-results it is suitable that the vermiculite volume accounts for 6-8 part.
The pH value of the peat composed of rotten mosses lower (pH 4.0), the lower (0.70g/cm of unit weight
2), the cultivation of suitable happiness acid soil plant, and contain more rich trace element in the peat composed of rotten mosses.Add an amount of peat composed of rotten mosses in the matrix, can reduce pH, peat composed of rotten mosses preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, and contains more rich nutritive element; Can be the plant source that has additional nutrients, reduce phosphorus fixation, but its smalls ventilation property be poor, peat composed of rotten mosses ratio is excessive; The root system respiration difficulty, dysplasia, therefore; The peat composed of rotten mosses is unsuitable too much or very few, and its volume parts is no more than 2 parts at most 0.25～1 suitable.
Boccaro rock unit weight (1.60g/cm
2) excessive, total porosity (43.5%) is lower, is polygon, and smooth surface is unfavorable for that root system adheres to, and diversion power, retention ability are poor, and nutrient content is low, so root system development is poor.Do not suit to do the single-matrix cultivation, a certain proportion of boccaro rock of proper fit can play the fixedly effect of plant in the matrix.Comprehensively it seems T
1-6In the processing, substrate composition is coordinated, the suitable or suitable root system development of GWR, and root dry weight, fresh weight and contrast do not have notable difference, and overground part dry weight, fresh weight, leaf area are higher than or are not remarkable with contrast difference.The plant growing way is superior to contrast or suitable with contrast.Can be for ornamental foliage class plant and vegetable growing production.
According to embodiment 1 said method, used cucumber is replaced with drip kwan-yin and cineraria, well-grown respectively.
Claims (10)
1. a soilless culture substrate comprises vermiculite, reinforces the component and the peat composed of rotten mosses.
2. matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said soilless culture substrate is made up of said vermiculite, reinforcing component and the peat composed of rotten mosses.
3. matrix according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said reinforcing component is the boccaro rock.
4. according to the arbitrary described matrix of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: said soilless culture substrate is made up of each component of following volume parts: vermiculite: 6-8 part; Reinforce component: 2-3 part; The peat composed of rotten mosses: 0.25-2 part;
Preferably form: vermiculite: 8 parts by each component of following mass fraction; Reinforce component: 2 parts; The peat composed of rotten mosses: 0.5 part.
5. according to the arbitrary described matrix of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: the particle diameter of said vermiculite is 50mm; The particle diameter of said reinforcing component is 50mm.
6. a method for preparing the arbitrary said soilless culture substrate of claim 1-5 comprises the steps: each the component mixing in the arbitrary said soilless culture substrate of claim 1-5 is obtained said soilless culture substrate.
7. the application of the arbitrary said soilless culture substrate of claim 1-5 in floriculture and/or vegetables.
8. contain the flowers of the arbitrary said soilless culture substrate of claim 1-5 and/or the culture substrate of vegetables.
9. application according to claim 7 or the described culture substrate of claim 8 is characterized in that: said flowers are ornamental foliage class flowers.
10. according to claim 7 or 9 described application or claim 8 or 9 described culture substratees, it is characterized in that: said flowers are kwan-yin or the cineraria of dripping; Said vegetables are cucumber.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103864519A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-06-18 | 上海市金山区农业技术推广中心 | Compound substrate for strawberry soilless potted plants |
| CN106069658A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 句容市后白良种场 | A kind of preparation method of organic type Fructus Cucumidis sativi soilless culture substrate |
| CN106258888A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti soilless culture substrate |
| CN106818431A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-06-13 | 广西炎瑞农业发展有限公司 | The soilless culture method of chrysanthemum |
| CN107711417A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-02-23 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cheap cucumber soilless culture substrate of cost |
| CN107889722A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-04-10 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of soilless culture substrate for improving cucumber yield |
| CN107926611A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-04-20 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of special soilless culture substrate of vegetables of low cost |
| CN107950350A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-04-24 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cucumber soilless culture substrate full of nutrition |
| CN107980543A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-05-04 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of special soilless culture substrate of lightweight cucumber |
| CN108651216A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-16 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of cucumber soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN115780499A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-03-14 | 四川农业大学 | Method for restoring manganese-polluted soil |
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| CN101889533A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-24 | 中国农业大学 | Artificial substratum for hole-tray tomato seedling cultivation |
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| CN1065374A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1992-10-21 | 肖定和 | Material for plant cultivation |
| CN1263700A (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2000-08-23 | 云南省烟草寻甸回族彝族自治县公司 | Culture medium for plant seedlings |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103864519A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-06-18 | 上海市金山区农业技术推广中心 | Compound substrate for strawberry soilless potted plants |
| CN103864519B (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2016-02-10 | 上海市金山区农业技术推广中心 | For the composite interstitial substance of strawberry soilless pot culture |
| CN106069658A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 句容市后白良种场 | A kind of preparation method of organic type Fructus Cucumidis sativi soilless culture substrate |
| CN106258888A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti soilless culture substrate |
| CN106818431A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-06-13 | 广西炎瑞农业发展有限公司 | The soilless culture method of chrysanthemum |
| CN107711417A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-02-23 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cheap cucumber soilless culture substrate of cost |
| CN107889722A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-04-10 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of soilless culture substrate for improving cucumber yield |
| CN107926611A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-04-20 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of special soilless culture substrate of vegetables of low cost |
| CN107950350A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-04-24 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cucumber soilless culture substrate full of nutrition |
| CN107980543A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-05-04 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of special soilless culture substrate of lightweight cucumber |
| CN108651216A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-16 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of cucumber soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN115780499A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-03-14 | 四川农业大学 | Method for restoring manganese-polluted soil |
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Application publication date: 20120822 |