CN102636811A - Eliminating method of multiple waves in bidimensional seismic data on sea - Google Patents
Eliminating method of multiple waves in bidimensional seismic data on sea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an eliminating method of multiple waves in bidimensional seismic data on the sea. The eliminating method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a common midpoint gather and a speed spectrum according to the seismic data, selecting a speed control point according to the speed spectrum, acquiring dynamic correction speed according to the speed of the speed control point; carrying out dynamic correction on the common midpoint gather according to the dynamic correction speed to acquire a dynamic correction gather; and transforming the dynamic correction gather to a f-k region so as to carry out zero clearing on an energy value of a positive K region through a two-dimensional fourier transform, and transforming the data of the f-k region after zero clearing to a t-x region so as to obtain gather data after elimination of multiple waves. The eliminating method provided by the invention can be used for solving the problem of multiple waves extermination in a complicated offshore seismic data processing, and is not limited by predetermination working conditions in the prior art; and thus, the use is convenient and the cost is reduced, the application of a model and real data all proves that the method is very practical and effective for pressing the multiple waves in the oceanic seismic data..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration field, be applied to Seismic Data Processing Technique, the removing method of multiple reflection in particularly a kind of marine 2-d seismic data.
Background technology
The important component part that petroleum exploration field is built as basic energy resource, its correlation technique research and technology have obtained significant progress in recent years.Along with peripheral subject development such as computing machines, be applied in the petroleum exploration field by increasing like technology such as digital processings.Wherein, collection and processing to on-the-spot seismic event are widely used as the fundamental research means.And in data acquisition, because on-the-spot complicated geological condition, its image data can receive the interference of multiple situation.Particularly under abominable relatively natural conditions, multiple reflection is the main relevant noise that exists in the method for marine seismic data.The identification of multiple reflection and elimination are one of key issues to be solved in the marine Data Processing process.
Eliminate problem for the multiple reflection that solves in the method for marine seismic data, main employing is that SRME goes to multiple reflection and τ-p territory to go the multiple reflection method at present.SRME goes the multiple reflection method not need to know information such as the speed and the water-bed degree of depth in advance, can suppress from all multiple reflections relevant with free interface.But two-dimentional SRME can receive the restriction of using prerequisite such as data quality restriction, spread length restriction, recording geometry restriction, three-dimensional restriction etc.If these restrictive conditions can not be met; Particularly work as marine streamer because ocean current influences substantial deviation two dimension survey line; Make the CMP gather attribute no longer be two-dimensional characteristics but scatter into little three-dimensional character; When perhaps underground reflecting surface had tangible heeling angle, SRME can not obtain satisfied result.It is that seabed and underground reflection horizon are basic slick and sly at least in an arrangement scope that the condition precedent of multiple reflection method is gone in τ-p territory; Reflection wave and multiple reflection lineups can just can show as hyperbolic curve or para-curve like this; Thereby meet τ-p territory and go the basic assumption of multiple reflection; But under the violent and subsurface formations complicated situation, τ-p territory goes multiple reflection also can't obtain a good result for submarine relief.
In the above-mentioned prior art, under the situation of complicated geological environment, on-the-spot institute acquiring seismic data can receive the influence of many-sided disturbing factor, can not reproduce real earthquake conditions, thereby make geological data just produce deviation in acquisition phase.Obtain seismic event deal with data accurately like desire, need give to set in advance and strict the accounting, consider all disturbing factors testing conditions.But, therefore can not obtain desirable seismic data because on-the-spot geology disturbing factor is complicated.
Summary of the invention
To defective of the prior art, the present invention will solve the problem that multiple reflection in the complicated method for marine seismic data is effectively eliminated.
In order to solve above technical matters, the invention provides the removing method of multiple reflection in a kind of marine 2-d seismic data, specifically comprise:
Obtain CMP gather and velocity spectrum according to geological data;
According to said velocity spectrum access speed reference mark, obtain NMO velocity according to the speed of said speed control point;
According to said NMO velocity said CMP gather is carried out NMO correction, obtain NMO correction road collection;
Through two-dimensional Fourier transform with said NMO correction road set transformation to f-k territory after with the energy value zero clearing in positive k territory, and the f-k numeric field data conversion after the zero clearing returned the road collection data after the t-x territory obtains to eliminate multiple reflection.
Wherein, said geological data is specially the big gun collection.
Wherein, saidly obtain CMP gather and the velocity spectrum step also comprises according to said geological data:
Elect the geological data branch as the common midpoint numeric field data;
Enlarge bin according to said common midpoint numeric field data and handle, obtain big bin CMP gather;
Carry out the conventional speeds analysis according to big bin CMP gather, the acquisition speed spectrum.
Wherein, said big bin CMP gather specifically comprises:
The interval of adjacent seismic trace equals the road layout of adjacent seismic trace in the big gun collection record data in the said big bin CMP gather.
Wherein, said speed according to said speed control point is obtained the NMO velocity step and is also comprised:
Said according to said velocity spectrum uniformly-spaced or unequal interval access speed reference mark, said uniformly-spaced distance is specially the 3-5 kilometer.
Wherein, saidly obtain the NMO velocity step according to said speed control spot speed and also comprise:
Primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1And the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtain NMO velocity.
Wherein, said primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1And the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtaining the NMO velocity step also comprises:
Primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1Obtain stacked section;
According to said stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtain NMO velocity.
Wherein, saidly obtain the NMO velocity step according to said speed control spot speed and also comprise:
Primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1Said big bin is total to the center trace collection carries out NMO correction and stack acquisition stacked section;
According to said stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtain NMO velocity.
Wherein, said according to said stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtaining the NMO velocity step also comprises:
Carrying out the reflection horizon time through said stacked section picks up;
According to said speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Carry out interpolation along the said reflection horizon time, obtain the NMO velocity after the interpolation.
Wherein, saidly said seismic-data traces collection is carried out NMO correction, obtains NMO correction road collection step and also comprise according to said NMO velocity:
According to said NMO velocity said big bin CMP gather is carried out NMO correction, obtain NMO correction road collection.
Wherein, also comprise after the road collection data step after multiple reflection is eliminated in said acquisition:
Carry out reaction according to the road collection data of said NMO velocity after and proofread and correct, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection said elimination multiple reflection.
Wherein, also comprise after obtaining inverse dynamic correction right way collection step said:
Reload the recording geometry of normal process bin, form the CMP gather of the normal process bin of eliminating multiple reflection.
Compared with prior art, above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages: because can be unlike the restriction that receives prerequisite service condition in the prior art, thereby easy to use and reduce cost.In addition, method stable performance of the present invention, and the application of model and real data has proved that all it is very practical and effective that this method is eliminated the multiple reflection in the Marine Geology data.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing some embodiments of the present invention are described.
Fig. 1 is the basic synoptic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in the marine 2-d seismic data of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the idiographic flow synoptic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in the marine 2-d seismic data in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the effect contrast figure that multiple reflection removing method of the present invention is applied to theoretical seismogram;
Fig. 4 is the violent seabed variation diagram that rises and falls of actual marine two-dimentional survey line in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the design sketch that the multiple reflection removing method of embodiment of the present invention is used the actual marine 2-d seismic data shown in the back;
Fig. 6 is the seismic section comparison diagram before and after according to the embodiment of the present invention the multiple reflection of the marine 2-d seismic data of reality being eliminated.
Embodiment
To combine accompanying drawing below, the embodiment of the invention will be described.
Fig. 1 is the basic synoptic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in the described marine 2-d seismic data of one embodiment of the invention, and this method may further comprise the steps:
S101: obtain geological data CMP gather and velocity spectrum.Obtain CMP gather and velocity spectrum according to geological data; Said geological data is specially the big gun collection, and in this step, being used for the geological data that carries out data processing and computing can realize through the collection to big gun collection record data.At first, geological data is sorted into the common midpoint territory; Afterwards, enlarging bin handles.According to the difference of field data collection mode, confirm that the principle of new bin size is: in new big bin CMP gather, the offset distance layout of adjacent seismic trace equals the road layout of adjacent seismic trace in the big gun collection record; At last, do the conventional speeds analysis, form velocity spectrum with the big bin CMP gather that forms.Entire process is carried out in the common midpoint territory, can prevent effectively that diffracted wave is in same domain with multiple reflection and comes to harm after the f-k conversion, enlarges bin and handles and make data carry out can not producing spatial aliasing after multiple reflection is eliminated in the f-k territory.
S102: obtain NMO velocity.According to said velocity spectrum access speed reference mark, and obtain NMO velocity according to said speed control spot speed.In this step, at first, said according to said velocity spectrum uniformly-spaced or unequal interval access speed reference mark, said uniformly-spaced distance is specially the 3-5 kilometer.On the speed control point of choosing, carrying out two NMO velocities picks up: the one, and primary reflection speed V
1The 2nd, the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Secondly, can adopt primary reflection speed V
1Big bin is total to the center trace collection carries out NMO correction and stack and generate stacked section, the NMO correction formula is following:
Wherein, Δ
tIt is dynamic correction value; t
0It is the reflection TWT; X is the distance between shot point and geophone station; V is a NMO velocity; Afterwards, carrying out the reflection horizon time through said stacked section picks up; According to said speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Carry out interpolation along the said reflection horizon time, obtain the NMO velocity after the interpolation.
S103: obtain NMO correction road collection.According to said NMO velocity said CMP gather is carried out NMO correction, obtain NMO correction road collection; In this step, with the NMO velocity after the interpolation big bin CMP gather is done NMO correction and form NMO correction road collection, thereby make the primary reflection overshoot correction, the multiple reflection undercorrection.
S104: the road collection data behind the multiple reflection are eliminated in acquisition.Through two-dimensional Fourier transform with said NMO correction road set transformation to f-k territory after with the energy value zero clearing in positive k territory, and the f-k numeric field data conversion after the zero clearing returned the road collection data after the t-x territory obtains to eliminate multiple reflection.
In this step, utilize two-dimensional Fourier transform that NMO correction road collection is transformed to the f-k territory from the t-x territory, the two-dimensional Fourier transform formula is following:
P(k
x，f)＝∫∫P(x，t)exp(ik
xx-ift)dcdt
Wherein, (x is that function (being seismologic record here) is at the mathematic(al) representation apart from x and time t territory t) to P; P (k
x, f) be the mathematic(al) representation of function (being the f-k transformation results of seismologic record here) in frequency f and wave number k territory; After transforming to the f-k territory, primary reflection can be distributed in negative k territory, and multiple reflection can be distributed to positive k territory, with the energy zero clearing in positive k territory; Data after the two-dimentional inversefouriertransform of inferior utilization is with the energy zero clearing are changed to the t-x territory from the contravariant of f-k territory, and two-dimentional inversefouriertransform formula is following, and the definition of variable and function is identical with the two-dimensional Fourier transform formula:
P(x，t)＝∫∫P(k
x，f)exp(-ik
xx+ift)dk
xdf
Also can further may further comprise the steps after the road collection data step after multiple reflection is eliminated in said acquisition:
S105: obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection.Carry out NMO correction according to the road collection data of said NMO velocity after, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection said elimination multiple reflection.
S106: form the CMP gather of eliminating multiple reflection.The CMP gather of eliminating multiple reflection is carried out reaction proofread and correct, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection, reload the recording geometry of normal process bin, form the CMP gather of the normal process bin of eliminating multiple reflection.
The concrete expansion of above step is shown in the idiographic flow synoptic diagram of the removing method of multiple reflection in the marine 2-d seismic data in Fig. 2 embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the effect contrast figure that multiple reflection removing method of the present invention is applied to theoretical seismogram: wherein: (a) be the synthetic CMP gather of the theory that comprises primary reflection and multiple reflection; (b) velocity spectrum for forming with the collection of road shown in (a); (c) result after the velocity function between primary reflection and the multiple reflection is done NMO correction to (a) for from (b), selecting; (d) be the f-k result of road collection after Fourier transform after the NMO correction; (e) remove the f-k result behind the multiple reflection energy for (d); (f) be NMO correction road collection behind the inversefouriertransform that removes the multiple reflection energy; (g) for removing the inverse dynamic correction right way collection behind the multiple reflection; (h) for removing the velocity spectrum behind the multiple reflection.
Shown in Fig. 3 a is a theoretical CMP gather that comprises primary reflection and multiple reflection.Fig. 3 b is that its corresponding velocity spectrum shows.From 3b, pick up the NMO velocity between primary reflection and multiple reflection, with this speed the theoretical CMP gather of 3a is carried out NMO correction, make all overshoot corrections of significant wave, multiple reflection is undercorrection (seeing Fig. 3 c) all.Through after the two-dimensional Fourier transform, all primary reflections are because moving school is excessive, and its all composition will appear at negative k territory, and all multiple reflections will be because undercorrection will appear at positive k territory (seeing Fig. 3 d).After the signal zero setting in positive k territories to all, its corresponding f-k spectrum is shown in Fig. 3 e, and the CMP gather behind the two-dimentional inversefouriertransform is shown in Fig. 3 f, and road collection after reaction is proofreaied and correct and corresponding velocity spectrum are shown in Fig. 3 g and Fig. 3 h.
Like Fig. 4 is that the violent seabed variation diagram that rises and falls of actual marine two-dimentional survey line and Fig. 5 are embodiment of the present invention in the embodiment of the invention multiple reflection removing method is used shown in the design sketch of the two-dimentional data in actual sea shown in the back; Wherein, in Fig. 5, (a) be the CMP gather road collection of certain physical points position; (b) be with the corresponding velocity spectrum in physical points position; (c) for removing the NMO correction road collection of the normal bin correspondence before the multiple reflection; (d) for removing the normal process bin NMO correction road collection behind the multiple reflection, because the spatial aliasing problem causes residual multiple reflection more; (e) for removing the expansion bin NMO correction road collection before the multiple reflection; (f) for removing the expansion bin NMO correction road collection behind the multiple reflection, multiple reflection eliminate effect (d) obvious improvement is arranged; (g) for the enlarged and displayed of figure (e), (h) be the enlarged and displayed of figure (f);
Data shown in Figure 4 are from a marine two-dimentional survey line of reality, and data acquisition uses 648 roads to receive cable length 8100m.This survey line position submarine relief is very violent, and geological data has following characteristic:
1) can see the underground object that three similar coral reefs are arranged in 3000 meters scope from the left side of section, on the right of section, submarine relief is more violent, in a spread length, the hilltop, several seabed occurred;
2) multiple reflection disturbs very by force, comprises that simple multiples and interformational multiples (see Fig. 5 a).Almost can't see usable reflection except multiple reflection from the CMP gather.Velocity spectrum shown in Fig. 5 b is covered by the multiple reflection energy fully.
3) because ocean current influences, and it is serious that towing cable departs from the survey line problem, the maximum vertical offset distance of distal-most end reaches hundreds of rice.
Eliminate the method for multiple reflection according to the present invention; The CMP gather data have been carried out the expansion bin to be handled; Normal bin CMP gather goes the contrast before and after the multiple reflection to see Fig. 5 c and Fig. 5 d; The road collection that does not enlarge bin from Fig. 5 d is seen, because the existence of spatial aliasing, causing to eliminate still has a large amount of multiple reflections residual after multiple reflection is handled.Go the contrast of multiple reflection front and back to see Fig. 5 e and Fig. 5 f with big bin CMP gather, handle through enlarging bin, multiple reflection has been eliminated basically.Fig. 5 g and Fig. 5 h are the enlarged and displayed of Fig. 5 e and Fig. 5 f, can see more clearly that multiple reflection is well eliminated, and primary reflection displays.Shown in Figure 6 is the comparison diagram of stacked section before and after multiple reflection is eliminated, and as can be seen from the figure multiple reflection is eliminated to greatest extent, and real usable reflection displays.
Through the description of above embodiment, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the present invention and can realize through hardware, also can realize by the mode that software adds necessary general hardware platform.Based on such understanding; Technical scheme of the present invention can be come out with the embodied of software product, this software product can be stored in a non-volatile memory medium (can be CD-ROM, USB flash disk; Portable hard drive etc.) in; Comprise some instructions with so that computer equipment (can be personal computer, server, the perhaps network equipment etc.) carry out the described method of each embodiment of the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that accompanying drawing is the synoptic diagram of a preferred embodiment, module in the accompanying drawing or flow process might not be that embodiment of the present invention is necessary.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the module in the device among the embodiment can be distributed in the device of embodiment according to the embodiment description, also can carry out respective change and be arranged in the one or more devices that are different from present embodiment.The module of the foregoing description can be merged into a module, also can further split into a plurality of submodules.
The invention described above embodiment sequence number is not represented the quality of embodiment just to description.
More than disclosedly be merely several specific embodiment of the present invention, still, the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art can think variation all should fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. the removing method of multiple reflection in the marine 2-d seismic data is characterized in that, comprising:
Obtain CMP gather and velocity spectrum according to geological data;
According to said velocity spectrum access speed reference mark, obtain NMO velocity according to the speed of said speed control point;
According to said NMO velocity said CMP gather is carried out NMO correction, obtain NMO correction road collection;
Through two-dimensional Fourier transform with said NMO correction road set transformation to f-k territory after with the energy value zero clearing in positive k territory, and the f-k numeric field data conversion after the zero clearing returned the road collection data after the t-x territory obtains to eliminate multiple reflection.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, said geological data is specially the big gun collection.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, saidly obtains CMP gather and the velocity spectrum step also comprises according to said geological data:
Elect the geological data branch as the common midpoint numeric field data;
Enlarge bin according to said common midpoint numeric field data and handle, obtain big bin CMP gather;
Carry out the conventional speeds analysis according to big bin CMP gather, the acquisition speed spectrum.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, said big bin CMP gather specifically comprises:
The interval of adjacent seismic trace equals the road layout of adjacent seismic trace in the big gun collection record data in the said big bin CMP gather.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, said speed according to said speed control point is obtained the NMO velocity step and also comprised:
Said according to said velocity spectrum uniformly-spaced or unequal interval access speed reference mark, said uniformly-spaced distance is specially the 3-5 kilometer.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, saidly obtains the NMO velocity step according to said speed control spot speed and also comprises:
Primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1And the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtain NMO velocity.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, said primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1And the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtaining the NMO velocity step also comprises:
Primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1Obtain stacked section;
According to said stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtain NMO velocity.
8. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, saidly obtains the NMO velocity step according to said speed control spot speed and also comprises:
Primary reflection speed V according to said speed control point
1Said big bin is total to the center trace collection carries out NMO correction and stack acquisition stacked section;
According to said stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtain NMO velocity.
9. like claim 7 or 8 described methods, it is characterized in that, said according to said stacked section and the speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Obtaining the NMO velocity step also comprises:
Carrying out the reflection horizon time through said stacked section picks up;
According to said speed V between primary reflection and multiple reflection
2Carry out interpolation along the said reflection horizon time, obtain the NMO velocity after the interpolation.
10. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, saidly according to said NMO velocity said seismic-data traces collection is carried out NMO correction, obtains NMO correction road collection step and also comprises:
According to said NMO velocity said big bin CMP gather is carried out NMO correction, obtain NMO correction road collection.
11. like claim 1 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise after the road collection data step after multiple reflection is eliminated in said acquisition:
Carry out reaction according to the road collection data of said NMO velocity after and proofread and correct, obtain inverse dynamic correction right way collection said elimination multiple reflection.
12. method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises after obtaining inverse dynamic correction right way collection step said:
Reload the recording geometry of normal process bin, form the CMP gather of the normal process bin of eliminating multiple reflection.
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