CN102636382B - Experimental equipment for simulating impact-type rock explosion - Google Patents
Experimental equipment for simulating impact-type rock explosion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides experimental equipment for simulating impact-type rock explosion. The experimental equipment comprises a rack and a specimen box assembly as well as an X-axis-direction loading mechanism, a Y-axis-direction loading mechanism, a Z-axis-direction loading mechanism and a control system which are installed on the rack. The loading mechanism in the first direction comprises four support pillars, a first frame, a second frame, a loading hydraulic cylinder and a screw rod, wherein the four support pillars are arranged in a rectangular shape; the first and second frames are aligned to each other and are respectively fixed at two ends of the four support pillars; and the loading hydraulic cylinder and the screw rod are arranged on the two frames respectively. The experimental equipment is capable of loading static stress and disturbing load on a rock specimen in the three mutually vertical directions in a three-dimensional space, so that the experimental equipment can be used for an experiment for simulating the impact-type rock explosion. In addition, as the structures of the three loading mechanisms are almost same and have good symmetry, the operation of loading stress or disturbing load on the rock specimen in the three directions is easier to control, and the accurate control on the operation is easy to achieve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deeps mines engineering rock mass mechanics and geotechnical study field, particularly a kind of simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities.
Background technology
Along with the Geotechnical Engineerings such as mine, water conservancy and hydropower, railway (highway) traffic tunnel develop to deep, rock burst is as a kind of breakneck Disasters in a kind of Deep Mine, and its generation is more and more frequent.Sudden, violence that rock burst has, the rock fragment launching out when destruction is carrying a large amount of energy, can threaten to equipment and personnel, the serious entail dangers to life of going back.
As everyone knows, explosion is current large-scale water conservancy, tunnel, mine engineering, the requisite construction means of nuclear power engineering rock excavation.The explosive instantaneous relase of exploding in rock mass goes out a large amount of Explosive Energies, produces explosion wave and stress wave, acts on surrounding rock body with the form of dynamic loading, makes surrounding rock body produce broken and damage, and rock burst even occurs.Mostly rigidity is bad for the experimental facilities of testing for rock sample test specimen at present, can not accurately guarantee the vertical loading of directions X, Y-direction, Z directive effect power in experimentation, produce thereby be difficult to bring out Rock-burst, and analysis, the research of impact to Mechanism of Rockburst Occurred.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, a kind of simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities of good rigidly is provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The present invention simulates impingement rock burst experimental facilities, comprise frame, test specimen cartridge, be arranged on X-direction load maintainer, Y direction load maintainer and Z-direction load maintainer in described frame, and for controlling respectively three cover control system of described X-direction load maintainer, Y direction load maintainer and Z-direction load maintainer.Wherein, described Y direction is vertical direction, and described X-direction load maintainer comprises: 4 X to support column, an X to framework, the 2nd X to framework, X to loading hydraulic cylinder and X to leading screw.4 X are arranged to rectangle to support column; The one X in described frame, and is fixed on described 4 X one end to support column to frame installation; The 2nd X in described frame, and is fixed on the other end of described 4 X to support column to frame installation, and aligns to framework with a described X; X is fixedly mounted on a described X to framework middle position to loading hydraulic cylinder; X is arranged on described the 2nd X to framework middle position to leading screw, and its center line and described X are located on the same line to the piston rod center line of loading hydraulic cylinder, and described X is provided with X to control hand wheel to the outer end of leading screw, and inner end is provided with X to sensor.Described Y direction load maintainer comprises: 4 Y-direction support columns, the first Y-direction framework, the second Y-direction framework, Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and Y-direction leading screws.4 Y-direction support columns are arranged to rectangle, and are arranged in described frame; The first Y-direction framework is fixed on one end of described 4 Y-direction support columns; The second Y-direction framework is fixed on the other end of described 4 Y-direction support columns, and aligns with described the first Y-direction framework; Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on described the first Y-direction framework middle position; Y-direction leading screw is arranged on described the second Y-direction framework middle position, and the piston rod center line of its center line and described Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder is located on the same line, and the outer end of described Y-direction leading screw is provided with hand wheel, and inner end is provided with Y-direction sensor.Described Z-direction load maintainer comprises: 4 Z-direction support columns, the first Z-direction framework, the second Z-direction framework, Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and Z-direction leading screws.4 Z-direction support columns are arranged to rectangle; The first Z-direction frame installation, in described frame, and is fixed on one end of described 4 Z-direction support columns; The second Z-direction frame installation, in described frame, and is fixed on the other end of described 4 Z-direction support columns, and aligns with described the first Z-direction framework; Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted on described the first Z-direction framework middle position; Z-direction leading screw is arranged on described the second Z-direction framework middle position, and the piston rod center line of its center line and described Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder is located on the same line, and the outer end of described Z-direction leading screw is provided with Z-direction control hand wheel, and inner end is provided with Z-direction sensor.Described X intersects at same central point to the piston rod center line extended line of the piston rod center line extended line of loading hydraulic cylinder, described Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and the piston rod center line extended line of described Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, described test specimen cartridge is placed in described frame, and its center overlaps with described central point.Described test specimen cartridge comprise formed by 12 ribs for loading square bodily form framework and 6 block pressur plates of rock sample test specimen, wherein said 6 block pressur plates correspond respectively to 6 windows of framework, every block pressur plate comprises pressing plate body, the plane towards described framework inside of described pressing plate body is loading surface, the another side contrary with described loading surface is bearing surface, the size of the loading surface of described pressing plate is less than the window size of described framework, the surrounding point midway of every described pressing plate is extended with one and articulates ear handle, described pressing plate is articulated on described framework by articulating ear handle and locating part, one in described 6 block pressur plates has center through hole, and described center through hole is corresponding with the half hole port on rock sample test specimen, or a pair of pressing plate being arranged in described 6 block pressur plates in same direction has a center through hole separately, two described center through hole are corresponding with two ports of the perforated holes on rock sample test specimen respectively.
Described frame is provided with two pairs of X direction guiding rails, a described X is provided with an a pair of X to leg below framework, each described X is provided with an X way roller below leg, described the 2nd X is provided with a pair of the 2nd X to leg below framework, each described the 2nd X is provided with a 2nd X way roller below leg, two described X way rollers, two the 2nd X way rollers respectively with described two pairs of X direction guiding rail cooperatings.
Described frame is provided with two pairs of Z-direction guide rails, below described the first Z-direction framework, be provided with a pair of the first Z-direction leg, below each described the first Z-direction leg, a first Z-direction roller is installed, below described the second Z-direction framework, be provided with a pair of the second Z-direction leg, below each described the second Z-direction leg, a second Z-direction roller is installed, two described the first Z-direction rollers, two the second Z-direction rollers respectively with described two pairs of Z-direction guide rail cooperatings.
Described frame comprises the worktable of base, level by upright supports on described base, a described X is installed on described worktable to framework, 4 Y-direction support columns, the first Z-direction framework, the second Z-direction frameworks to framework, the 2nd X, and described the second Y-direction framework is arranged in the space between described worktable and base.
Described Y-direction support column is arranged along vertical direction, and the bottom of described Y-direction support column is through described frame, every described Y-direction support column bottom is combined with a nut, the bottom of every described Y-direction support column is set with a Compress Spring, the upper end of described Compress Spring is supported on described nut, and lower end is supported in described frame.
Described the second Y-direction frame facet is provided with Y-direction control hand wheel, between this Y-direction control hand wheel and described hand wheel, is combined with driving chain.
Described control system comprises: multiple described X are to sensor, Y-direction sensor, Z-direction sensor, hydraulic power source and controller, and wherein, multiple described sensors are respectively used to gather suffered power, displacement or the deflection of rock sample test specimen, hydraulic power source comprises pumping plant and servo-valve, described pumping plant for to described X to loading hydraulic cylinder and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder hydraulic oil is provided, described servo-valve comprises at least one variable valve and at least one reversal valve, the signal that controller gathers for receiving multiple described sensors, and compare and draw difference with the disturbing load signal of input, controller is revised adjusting according to this difference, control the aperture of described variable valve, and then control described X to loading hydraulic cylinder and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder oil inlet quantity or oil pump capacity and oil-feed speed or Extraction rate separately, further control shift length that described X moves to loading hydraulic cylinder and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder piston rod separately and/or the size of suffered power separately, reversal valve commutation described in described controller control simultaneously, finally make described X to loading hydraulic cylinder and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder and/or the flexible shift length of Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder piston rod separately or the size of suffered power and the expressed power of the disturbing load signal of described input separately, displacement or deflection are consistent.
The size of described bearing surface is more than or equal to the window size of described framework, on described pressing plate body and in described loading surface surrounding, has transition dip plane.
Described test specimen cartridge also comprises for being set to the thick antifriction plate of 6 1～2mm between described every block pressur plate and rock sample test specimen.
Wherein, be provided with installation portion at the bearing surface middle position of the pressing plate with center through hole, described installation portion has light tank, in described light tank, minisize pick-up head is installed, and this minisize pick-up head faces the center through hole of described pressing plate.
Wherein, the bearing surface middle position of the block pressur plate in a pair of pressing plate with center through hole is provided with installation portion, and described installation portion has light tank, in described light tank, minisize pick-up head is installed; The bearing surface middle position of another block pressur plate in a pair of pressing plate with center through hole is provided with the second installation portion, described the second installation portion has the second light tank, in described the second light tank, focus lamp is installed, described minisize pick-up head and focus lamp all face the center through hole of described pressing plate.
Described test specimen cartridge also comprises test specimen box dolly, this test specimen box dolly comprises dull and stereotyped two pairs of wheels with being arranged on these flat board both sides, two pairs of wheels and described 4 X in support column below two cooperatings, or with described 4 Z-direction support columns in below two cooperatings.
The flat board central authorities of described test specimen box dolly have the open-work passing for vertical direction leading screw.
Open-work on the flat board of described test specimen box dolly is rounded, and the diameter of described open-work is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of described vertical direction leading screw.
Open-work on the flat board of described test specimen box dolly is rectangular, and the wherein distance between a pair of opposite side of described open-work is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of described vertical direction leading screw.
The inner edge of the open-work on the flat board of described test specimen box dolly is provided with limitting casing, and the wherein distance between a pair of opposite side of described limitting casing is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of described vertical direction leading screw.
As shown from the above technical solution, advantage and the good effect of simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities of the present invention are: primary structure of the present invention comprises: X-direction load maintainer, Y direction load maintainer and Z-direction load maintainer, can in three dimensions, orthogonal three directions load static stress and disturbing load to rock sample test specimen, therefore can be used for simulating impingement rock burst experiment.And, it is roughly the same that X-direction, Y direction, Z-direction three are overlapped the structure of load maintainer, there is good symmetry, so be more prone to control in the loading static stress of these three directions or the operation of disturbing load for rock sample test specimen, and easily realize accurately and controlling, particularly, each comprises four support columns that are arranged to rectangle to load maintainer, greatly improve the rigidity of equipment, can further improve the precision that three-dimensional loads.
In the present invention, by referring to accompanying drawing description of a preferred embodiment, above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more obvious.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the control system in simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of test specimen cartridge of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the pressing plate in the test specimen cartridge shown in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the perspective view that represents that described test specimen cartridge center platen matches with framework;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the test specimen box dolly in test specimen cartridge of the present invention.
Embodiment
To describe specific embodiments of the invention below in detail.It should be noted that the embodiments described herein, only for illustrating, is not limited to the present invention.
In simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities embodiment of the present invention, X-direction, Y direction and Z-direction are mutually vertical, form three dimensions, and X-direction, Z-direction are horizontal direction, and Y direction is vertical direction.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities of the present invention, comprise frame 100, test specimen cartridge, be arranged on X-direction load maintainer, Y direction load maintainer and Z-direction load maintainer in frame 100, and for controlling control system and the power system of X-direction load maintainer, Y direction load maintainer and Z-direction load maintainer.
X-direction load maintainer comprises: 4 X to support column 11, an X to framework 12, the 2nd X to framework 13, X to loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and X to leading screw 15.Wherein, 4 X are parallel to each other in the horizontal direction to support column 11, and are arranged to rectangle; The one X is arranged on the worktable 103 of frame 100 to framework 12, and is fixed on 4 X one end to support column 11; The 2nd X is arranged on the worktable 103 of frame 100 to framework 13, and is fixed on the other end of 4 X to support column 11, and aligns to framework 12 with an X; X is fixedly mounted on an X to framework 12 middle positions to loading hydraulic cylinder 14, X to the piston rod of loading hydraulic cylinder 14 towards the 2nd X to framework 13; X is arranged on the 2nd X to framework 13 middle positions to leading screw 15, its center line and X are located on the same line to the piston rod center line of loading hydraulic cylinder 14, X is provided with X to control hand wheel 16 to the outer end of leading screw 15, be used for driving X to leading screw 15, X is provided with X to sensor 10 to the inner end of leading screw 15, stress (or strain) value loading for sensing directions X.
Y direction load maintainer comprises: 4 Y-direction support columns 21, the first Y-direction framework 22, the second Y-direction framework 23, Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 and Y-direction leading screws 25.Wherein, 4 Y-direction support columns 21 are arranged to rectangle, and are arranged on the worktable 103 of frame 100, the first Y-direction framework 22 is fixed on one end of 4 Y-direction support columns 21, the second Y-direction framework 23 is fixed on the other end of 4 Y-direction support columns 21, and aligns with the first Y-direction framework 22, Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 is fixedly mounted on the first Y-direction framework 22 middle positions, and the piston rod of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 is towards the second Y-direction framework 23, Y-direction leading screw 25 is arranged on the second Y-direction framework 23 middle positions, the piston rod center line of its center line and Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 is located on the same line, the outer end of Y-direction leading screw 25 is provided with hand wheel 26, be used for driving Y-direction leading screw 25, because hand wheel 26 is arranged on below the second Y-direction framework 23, regulate inconvenience to some extent, therefore, a side at the second Y-direction framework 23 is provided with Y-direction control hand wheel 27, between this Y-direction control hand wheel 27 and hand wheel 26, be combined with driving chain, by Y-direction control hand wheel 27, driving chain and hand wheel 26 drive Y-direction leading screw 25 just very convenient.The inner end of Y-direction leading screw 25 is provided with Y-direction sensor 20, stress (or strain) value loading for sensing Y-direction.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the second Y-direction framework 23 is arranged in the space between worktable 103 and base 102, so not only can reduce the volume of integral device, and is conducive to reduce the center of gravity of integral device, makes it more stable.In the present embodiment, between the worktable 103 of the bottom of Y-direction support column 21 and frame 100, can be welding etc. be fixedly connected with, but between the two, preferred connected mode is: on worktable 103, be provided with opening corresponding to every Y-direction support column 21 and pass for Y-direction support column 21 bottoms, be provided with screw thread every Y-direction support column 21 bottoms, and be combined with a nut 212, nut 212 is positioned at worktable 103 tops, the bottom of every Y-direction support column 21 is set with a Compress Spring 211, the upper end of Compress Spring 211 is supported on nut 212, and lower end is supported in frame 100.Compress Spring 211 not only can play good shock absorbing effect, but also can make the first Y-direction framework 22 keep horizontality by setting nut 212, thereby guarantees that Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 is always in the vertical direction to rock sample test specimen imposed load.
Z-direction load maintainer comprises: 4 Z-direction support columns 31, the first Z-direction framework 32, the second Z-direction framework 33, Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 34 and Z-direction leading screws 35.Wherein, 4 Z-direction support columns 31 are arranged to rectangle; The first Z-direction framework 32 is arranged on the worktable 103 of frame 100, and is fixed on one end of 4 Z-direction support columns 31; The second Z-direction framework 33 is arranged in frame 100, and is fixed on the other end of 4 Z-direction support columns 31, and aligns with the first Z-direction framework 32; Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 34 is fixedly mounted on the first Z-direction framework 32 middle positions, and the piston rod of Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 34 is towards the second Z-direction framework 33; Z-direction leading screw 35 is arranged on the second Z-direction framework 33 middle positions, the piston rod center line of its center line and Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 34 is located on the same line, the outer end of Z-direction leading screw 35 is provided with Z-direction control hand wheel 36, be used for driving Z-direction leading screw 35, the inner end of Z-direction leading screw 35 is provided with Z-direction sensor 30, stress (or strain) value loading for sensing Z direction.
In the present invention, X intersects at same central point to piston rod center line extended line, the piston rod center line extended line of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 and the piston rod center line extended line of Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 34 of loading hydraulic cylinder 14.When experiment, test specimen cartridge is placed on the worktable 101 of frame 100, and the center of test specimen cartridge overlaps with this central point.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, on the worktable 103 of frame 100, be provided with two pairs of X direction guiding rails 101 along X-direction, the one X is provided with an a pair of X to leg 121 below framework 12, each X is provided with an X way roller 122 below leg 121, the 2nd X is provided with a pair of the 2nd X to leg 131 below framework 13, each the 2nd X is provided with a 2nd X way roller 132 below leg 131, an a pair of X way roller 122, a pair of the 2nd X way roller 132 respectively with two pairs of X direction guiding rail 101 cooperatings, an X is to framework 12, the 2nd X is supported in frame by track roller pair to framework 13, therefore an X is to framework 12, the 2nd X can move a segment distance to 13 and 4 X of framework along X-direction to support column 11, thereby can be more convenient, regulate more neatly the piston rod center line extended line of X to loading hydraulic cylinder 14, the piston rod center line extended line of the piston rod center line extended line of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 and Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 34 is equivalent to same central point, in other words, make the test specimen box can be more convenient, be installed more neatly in position placed in the middle.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, further, frame 100 is provided with two pairs of Z-direction guide rails, 301, the first Z-direction frameworks 32 and is provided with a pair of the first Z-direction leg 321 below, and each the first Z-direction leg 321 is provided with a first Z-direction roller 122 below; The second Z-direction framework 33 is provided with a pair of the second Z-direction leg below, a second Z-direction roller is installed below each the second Z-direction leg, an a pair of X way roller 322, a pair of the second Z-direction roller respectively with two pairs of Z-direction guide rail 301 cooperatings.The first Z-direction framework 32, the second Z-direction framework 33 are supported in frame by track roller pair, therefore the first Z- direction framework 32,33 and 4 Z-direction support columns 31 of the second Z-direction framework can move a segment distance along Z-direction.Therefore, further improved the dirigibility that test specimen box is installed between two parties.
The present invention also comprises the independent three cover control system of mutually coordinating again separately.Parameter is controlled in each control system strong (stress) and actuator displacement (strain) etc., when one of them is selected, just can form the control loop of selected parameter, non-selected parameter (test findings of wanting to ask for) is the function of selecteed parameter (test condition); The whole digitizings of control system, by controller control, composition and the principle of work of each control system are identical.As shown in Figure 3, control system comprises: multiple sensors, hydraulic power source and controller, and wherein, multiple sensors are respectively used to gather suffered power, displacement or the deflection of rock sample test specimen, hydraulic power source comprises pumping plant and servo-valve, pumping plant for to X to loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 hydraulic oil is provided, servo-valve comprises at least one variable valve and at least one reversal valve, the signal that controller gathers for receiving multiple sensors, and compare and draw difference with the given disturbing load signal value of input, controller is revised adjusting according to this difference, the aperture of regulating and controlling valve, and then control X to loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 oil inlet quantity or recirculating oil quantity and oil-feed speed or oil return speed separately, further control shift length that X moves to loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 piston rod separately or the size of suffered power separately, commutate with Time Controller control reversal valve, finally make length that X moves to loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 14 piston rod institute moving telescopic separately or the size of suffered power and the expressed power of the disturbing load signal of input separately, displacement or deflection are consistent.
Control system in the present invention also has warning function, when sensor measurement to value exceed the limit controlling value scope alarm of setting, controller control servo-valve cuts out, cut off oil circuit, withdraw from oil pressure, protection rock sample test specimen is not by accidental destruction, meanwhile, pumping plant is quit work; In the time that exceeding the limit controlling value scope of setting, given disturbing load signal value also can report to the police.In addition, control system in the present invention can be carried out data processing for the measured data of sensor: extract sensor measurement to signal value and derive valuable, significant data, for example generate force-time curve, displacement-time curve, curves of stress-strain relationship etc.
Control system in the present invention, hydraulic power source is exported a large amount of hydraulic oils and is entered servo-valve, operator selects to control parameter (or test force by test objective, or test piece deformation, or throw of poston) and given disturbing load signal, given disturbing load signal be input to comparer and sensor measurement to value after obtain comparison difference, through difference correction rear drive servo-valve, by servo-valve (can adopt and make existing structure), electric weight being become to oily traffic driven hydraulic cylinder piston makes rock sample test specimen stressed, by sensor by non-electric physical quantity (power, distortion and displacement) become electric weight, after amplifying, compare in comparer with given signal, output difference regulates correction deviation to make the controlled non-electric physical quantity of rock sample test specimen with certain precision tracing preset signal in fast and accurate manner by regulator.
Above-mentioned control system is mainly used for controlling to rock sample test specimen and loads disturbance load, but not as limit, disturbing load control system or the static stress Loading Control System of the other types in existing structure are also applicable to the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7, the test specimen cartridge in the present invention comprises framework 4 and 6 block pressur plates 5.
Square bodily form framework 4, for loading rock sample test specimen 60, is made up of 12 ribs, has 6 faces, has a window, to expose rock sample test specimen 60 in 6 faces on each.In the present invention, framework 4 is not limited to square shape, and it can be also other shapes such as rectangular parallelepiped.
6 block pressur plates 5 correspond respectively to 6 windows of square bodily form framework 4.Every block pressur plate 5 comprises pressing plate body 50, the plane towards square bodily form framework 4 inside of pressing plate body 50 is loading surface 51, the another side contrary with loading surface 51 is bearing surface 52, the size of the loading surface 51 of pressing plate 5 is less than the window size of square bodily form framework 4, so that the loading surface 51 of pressing plate 5 can contact with 60 laminatings of rock sample test specimen by the window of square bodily form framework 4 in the time of imposed load.Centering in order to ensure pressing plate 5 with corresponding window, so that load can be uniformly applied on rock sample test specimen 60, respectively be extended with one at the surrounding point midway of pressing plate 5 and articulate ear handle 54, point midway at the rib of square bodily form framework 4 is correspondingly provided with the locating parts such as bolt 55, pressing plate 5 can be articulated on square bodily form framework 4 by articulating ear handle 54 and locating part 55, 55 of the locating parts such as bolt play restriction pressing plate 5 and move or rotate on perpendicular to loading direction, and can not interfere the movement of pressing plate 5 along loading direction giving in rock sample test specimen 60 imposed load processes.In order to reduce the friction force between pressing plate 5 and rock sample test specimen, the test specimen box in the present invention also comprises for being set to the thick antifriction plate of 6 1～2mm between every block pressur plate 5 and rock sample test specimen, and antifriction plate can be made up of F4-bronze compound substance.
In test specimen cartridge in the present invention, cuboid or square bodily form framework 4 and 6 block pressur plates 5 are comprised, square bodily form framework 4 has base plate, therefore uses this test specimen cartridge can carry out the loading of three-dimensional static stress and disturbing load, can complete the kinds of experiments for rock sample test specimen.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the size of the bearing surface 52 of pressing plate 5 is more than or equal to the window size of square bodily form framework 4, the size of the loading surface 51 of pressing plate 5 is less than the window size of square bodily form framework 4, on pressing plate body 50, loading surface 51 surroundings have transition dip plane 53, the angle of inclination of transition dip plane 53 will guarantee that the loading action of pressing plate 5 has the enough amount of feeding, the amount of feeding that loads action in the present invention is 2-8mm, and the thickness of transition dip plane 53 is roughly suitable with this amount of feeding (2-8mm).Rock sample test specimen is in loading procedure, and the transition dip plane 53 in the present invention is conducive to prevent that pressing plate 5 and the square bodily form framework 4 from interfering, and is conducive to prevent that loading stress from departing from rock sample test specimen center simultaneously.
In simulation rock burst experiment, owing to thering is half hole on excavation simulation tunnel rock sample test specimen 60 or connecting hole, so also there is corresponding center through hole 56 on the pressing plate 5 corresponding to hole openend.If what use in experiment is the rock sample test specimen 60 with half hole, in 6 block pressur plates 5, only have one to there is center through hole 56; If what use in experiment is the rock sample test specimen 60 with perforated holes, a pair of pressing plate 5 being for example arranged in 6 block pressur plates 5, in same direction (X-direction) has center through hole 56.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, can also fix a columniform installation portion 57 at bearing surface 52 middle positions of the pressing plate 5 with center through hole 56, offer a light tank 571 in these installation portion 57 central authorities, minisize pick-up head 6 is installed in light tank 571, and this minisize pick-up head 6 faces the center through hole 56 of pressing plate 5.Installation portion 57 can be integrative-structure with pressing plate 5.The test specimen box of this structure is applicable to have the rock sample test specimen 60 of half hole, and minisize pick-up head 6 can be made a video recording or take pictures the process of rock-burst of the rock sample test specimen 60 with half hole.In the time that rock sample test specimen 60 has perforated holes, can also there is at another piece the second installation portion 58 of the bearing surface 52 middle position holding cylindricals of the pressing plate 5 of center through hole 56, offer the second light tank 581 in these the second installation portion 58 central authorities, at the interior installation focus lamp 7 of the second light tank 581, in order to illumination is provided to minisize pick-up head 6, minisize pick-up head 6, focus lamp 7 all face the center through hole 56 of pressing plate 5, and minisize pick-up head 6 can be made a video recording or take pictures the process of rock-burst of the rock sample test specimen 60 with perforated holes.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, also comprise test specimen box dolly, this test specimen box dolly comprises flat board 61 and is arranged on two pairs of wheels 62 of these flat board 61 both sides, 62 and 4 X of two pairs of wheels in support column 21 below two cooperatings, or with in 4 Z-direction support columns 21 below two cooperatings, if space is enough certainly, test specimen box dolly also can directly be placed on the worktable 103 of frame 100.Before measurement, by the box-packed test specimen test specimen box dolly that is downloaded to, then test specimen box dolly is installed in integral device, shifts middle position onto, very laborsaving, convenient.
On the other hand, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, if also carry out loading experiment at vertical direction, can also for example offer, for the leading screw (Y-direction leading screw 25) for vertical direction open-work 611 is set in dull and stereotyped 61 central authorities, this open-work 611 can be circular, and the diameter of open-work 611 is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of Y-direction leading screw 25, both guaranteed that Y-direction leading screw 25 can pass open-work 611, can guarantee again the position based in placed in the middle by the test specimen box of Y-direction leading screw 25 jack-up, play vertical direction, the auxiliary positioning effect of for example Y-direction.In the present embodiment, because test specimen box is pushed in equipment along directions X, it is main that what pay close attention to is whether the position of directions X is placed in the middle, and the size of Z-direction is little for the effect of auxiliary positioning, therefore, open-work 611 can be designed to rectangle, and distance between a pair of opposite side of the directions X of rectangle open-work 611 is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of Y-direction leading screw 25, and can be slightly larger for the distance between a pair of opposite side of the Z direction of rectangle open-work 611, to facilitate Y-direction leading screw 25 to pass through.In addition, if the open-work 611 on the flat board 61 of test specimen box dolly is in order to adapt to larger test specimen box while design, for example test specimen box is 160 × 160 × 160mm, open-work 611 sizes on dull and stereotyped 61 can be followed said structure principle, for the test specimen box dolly that makes this kind of specification also can adapt to undersized test specimen box, the test specimen box of for example 110 × 110 × 110mm, at this moment, can removably connect or be fixedly connected with a limitting casing by open-work 611 inner edges on dull and stereotyped 61, and make distance between a pair of opposite side of directions X of limitting casing be greater than the diameter 1-10mm of Y-direction leading screw 25, can play equally the effect that auxiliary rock sample test specimen is installed between two parties, next being installed of rock sample test specimen will be introduced.
Before preparing experiment, the rock sample test specimen that need to be installed, concrete operations are: rock sample test specimen is packed in test specimen box, test specimen box is removed to two X on support column 21, and test specimen box dolly is pushed into middle position; First, rotating Y-direction control hand wheel 27 moves up Y-direction leading screw 25 by Y-direction control hand wheel 27, driving chain and hand wheel 26, by round tube hole 611 by test specimen box jack-up, make test specimen box depart from test specimen box, when the piston head of Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 24 contacts with the end face of rock sample test specimen by just passing through the end face window of square bodily form framework 4, but the used time of doing that rock sample test specimen is not produced to power, stops the upward movement of Y-direction leading screw 25, and Y direction regulates complete.In this process, because only in the time that test specimen box dolly walks to middle position, Y-direction leading screw 25 could pass through round tube hole 611 jack-up test specimen boxes, otherwise can not jack-up test specimen box, and therefore in the present invention, test specimen box dolly has auxiliary positioning effect to being installed of test specimen box.Then, promote an X to framework 12 along X-direction, X is just contacted with before rock sample test specimen by the window of square bodily form framework 4 to the pressure head of the piston rod end of loading hydraulic cylinder, but rock sample test specimen is not produced to the effect of power, at this moment rotating X makes X move to rock sample test specimen to leading screw 15 to control hand wheel 16, move to X to the sensor pressure head of leading screw 15 ends and contacting of rock sample test specimen below, the effect that equally rock sample test specimen is not produced to power, X-direction regulates complete; Finally promote the first Z-direction framework 32 along Z-direction, the pressure head of the piston rod end of Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder is just contacted with before rock sample test specimen by the window on square bodily form framework 4 left sides, but rock sample test specimen is not produced to the effect of power, at this moment rotating Z-direction control hand wheel 36 makes Z-direction leading screw 35 move to rock sample test specimen, the sensor pressure head that moves to Z-direction leading screw 35 ends contacts with the right side of rock sample test specimen, the same effect that rock sample test specimen is not produced to power, Z-direction regulates complete.Above-mentioned being installed in process, the adjusting order of X-direction and Z-direction also can be put upside down.It is more than the process that is manually installed, manually be installed after end, can also be further by the mutual relationship between control system fine adjustment rock sample test specimen and each pressure head, accurately to guarantee to contact and do not exist interaction force between each pressure head and each face of rock sample test specimen.
Simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities of the present invention, provide power by traditional power system, and can under the automatic or semiautomatic control of control system, carry out various experiments, as simulate the low cyclic strain control of experiment, rock fatigue experiment, hydrostatic pressure experiment, the true three axles experiments that rock burst experiment, uniaxial compression experiment, stretch-draw experiment, shearing experiment, vibration cause that coal-bed gas oozes out, etc.
Although described the present invention with reference to several exemplary embodiments, should be appreciated that term used is explanation and exemplary and nonrestrictive term.Because can specifically implementing in a variety of forms, the present invention do not depart from spirit or the essence of invention, so be to be understood that, above-described embodiment is not limited to any aforesaid details, and explain widely in the spirit and scope that should limit in the claim of enclosing, therefore fall into whole variations in claim or its equivalent scope and remodeling and all should be the claim of enclosing and contain.
Claims (16)
1. a simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities, comprise frame (100), test specimen cartridge, be arranged on X-direction load maintainer, Y direction load maintainer, the Z-direction load maintainer in described frame (100) and be respectively used to control the separate control system of three covers of described X-direction load maintainer, Y direction load maintainer, Z-direction load maintainer, wherein, described Y direction is vertical direction, it is characterized in that
Described X-direction load maintainer comprises:
4 X are to support column (11), and it is arranged to rectangle;
The one X, to framework (12), is arranged on described frame (100) upper, and is fixed on described 4 X one end to support column (11);
The 2nd X, to framework (13), is arranged on described frame (100) upper, and is fixed on the other end of described 4 X to support column (11), and align to framework (12) with a described X;
X, to loading hydraulic cylinder (14), is fixedly mounted on a described X to framework (12) middle position;
X is to leading screw (15), be arranged on described the 2nd X to framework (13) middle position, its center line and described X are located on the same line to the piston rod center line of loading hydraulic cylinder (14), described X is provided with X to control hand wheel (16) to the outer end of leading screw (15), and inner end is provided with X to sensor (10);
Described Y direction load maintainer comprises:
4 Y-direction support columns (21), it is arranged to rectangle, and is arranged in described frame (100);
The first Y-direction framework (22), is fixed on one end of described 4 Y-direction support columns (21);
The second Y-direction framework (23), is fixed on the other end of described 4 Y-direction support columns (21), and aligns with described the first Y-direction framework (22);
Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (24), is fixedly mounted on described the first Y-direction framework (22) middle position;
Y-direction leading screw (25), be arranged on described the second Y-direction framework (23) middle position, the piston rod center line of its center line and described Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (24) is located on the same line, the outer end of described Y-direction leading screw (25) is provided with hand wheel (26), and inner end is provided with Y-direction sensor (20);
Described Z-direction load maintainer comprises:
4 Z-direction support columns (31), it is arranged to rectangle;
The first Z-direction framework (32), is arranged on described frame (100) upper, and is fixed on one end of described 4 Z-direction support columns (31);
The second Z-direction framework (33), is arranged on described frame (100) upper, and is fixed on the other end of described 4 Z-direction support columns (31), and aligns with described the first Z-direction framework (32);
Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (34), is fixedly mounted on described the first Z-direction framework (32) middle position;
Z-direction leading screw (35), be arranged on described the second Z-direction framework (33) middle position, the piston rod center line of its center line and described Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (34) is located on the same line, the outer end of described Z-direction leading screw (35) is provided with Z-direction control hand wheel (36), and inner end is provided with Z-direction sensor (30);
Described X intersects at same central point to piston rod center line extended line, the piston rod center line extended line of described Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (24) and the piston rod center line extended line of described Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (34) of loading hydraulic cylinder (14), it is upper that described test specimen cartridge is placed on described frame (100), and its center overlaps with described central point;
Described test specimen cartridge comprise formed by 12 ribs for loading square bodily form framework (4) and 6 block pressur plates (5) of rock sample test specimen (60), wherein said 6 block pressur plates (5) correspond respectively to 6 windows of framework (4), every block pressur plate (5) comprises pressing plate body (50), the plane towards described framework (4) inside of described pressing plate body (50) is loading surface (51), the another side contrary with described loading surface (51) is bearing surface (52), the size of the loading surface (51) of described pressing plate (5) is less than the window size of described framework (4), the surrounding point midway of every described pressing plate (5) is extended with one and articulates ear handle (54), described pressing plate (5) is articulated on described framework (4) by articulating ear handle (54) and locating part (55),
One in described 6 block pressur plates (5) has center through hole (56), and described center through hole (56) is corresponding with the half hole port on rock sample test specimen (60); Or a pair of pressing plate (5) being arranged in described 6 block pressur plates (5) in same direction has a center through hole (56) separately, two described center through hole (56) are corresponding with two ports of the perforated holes on rock sample test specimen (60) respectively.
2. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described frame (100) is provided with two pairs of X direction guiding rails (101), a described X is provided with an a pair of X to leg (121) below framework (12), each described X is provided with an X way roller (122) below leg (121), described the 2nd X is provided with a pair of the 2nd X to leg (131) below framework (13), each described the 2nd X is provided with a 2nd X way roller (132) below leg (131), two described X way rollers (122), two the 2nd X way rollers (132) respectively with described two pairs of X direction guiding rails (101) cooperating.
3. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described frame (100) is provided with two pairs of Z-direction guide rails (301), described the first Z-direction framework (32) is provided with a pair of the first Z-direction leg (321) below, each described the first Z-direction leg (321) is provided with a first Z-direction roller (122) below, described the second Z-direction framework (33) is provided with a pair of the second Z-direction leg below, below each described the second Z-direction leg, a second Z-direction roller is installed, two described the first Z-direction rollers (322), two the second Z-direction rollers respectively with described two pairs of Z-direction guide rails (301) cooperating.
4. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described frame (100) comprises the worktable (103) of base (102), level by upright supports on described base (102), a described X is installed in described worktable (103) above to framework (12), the 2nd X to framework (13), 4 Y-direction support columns (21), the first Z-direction framework (32), the second Z-direction framework (33), and described the second Y-direction framework (23) is arranged in the space between described worktable (103) and base (102).
5. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Y-direction support column (21) is arranged along vertical direction, and the bottom of described Y-direction support column (21) is through described frame (100), every described Y-direction support column (21) bottom is combined with a nut (212), the bottom of every described Y-direction support column (21) is set with a Compress Spring (211), the upper end of described Compress Spring (211) is supported at described nut (212) upper, and lower end is supported in described frame (100).
6. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described the second Y-direction framework (23) side is provided with Y-direction control hand wheel (27), between this Y-direction control hand wheel (27) and described hand wheel (26), is combined with driving chain.
7. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described control system comprises:
Multiple described X, to sensor, Y-direction sensor, Z-direction sensor, are respectively used to gather suffered power, displacement or the deflection of rock sample test specimen;
Hydraulic power source comprises pumping plant and servo-valve, described pumping plant is for to described X to loading hydraulic cylinder, (14) and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) provide hydraulic oil, and described servo-valve comprises at least one variable valve and at least one reversal valve;
Controller, the signal gathering for receiving multiple described sensors, and compare and draw difference with the disturbing load signal value of input, controller is revised adjusting according to this difference, control the aperture of described variable valve, and then control described X to loading hydraulic cylinder (14) and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) oil inlet quantity or oil pump capacity and oil-feed speed or Extraction rate separately, further control shift length that described X moves to loading hydraulic cylinder (14) and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) and/or Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) piston rod separately or the size of suffered power separately, reversal valve commutation described in described controller control simultaneously, finally make described X to loading hydraulic cylinder (14) and/or Y-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) and/or the flexible shift length of Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (14) piston rod separately or the size of suffered power and the expressed power of the disturbing load signal of described input separately, displacement or deflection are consistent.
8. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the size of described bearing surface (52) is more than or equal to the window size of described framework (4), and described pressing plate body (50) is upper and have transition dip plane (53) in described loading surface (51) surrounding.
9. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described test specimen cartridge also comprises for being set to the thick antifriction plate of 6 1～2mm between described every block pressur plate (5) and rock sample test specimen (60).
10. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilities as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, bearing surface (52) middle position at the pressing plate (5) with center through hole (56) is provided with installation portion (57), described installation portion (57) has light tank (571), minisize pick-up head (6) is installed in described light tank (571), and this minisize pick-up head (6) faces the center through hole (56) of described pressing plate (5).
11. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilitiess as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, bearing surface (52) middle position of the block pressur plate (5) in a pair of pressing plate with center through hole (56) is provided with installation portion (57), described installation portion (57) has light tank (58), and minisize pick-up head (6) is installed in described light tank (571); Bearing surface (52) middle position of another block pressur plate (5) in a pair of pressing plate with center through hole (56) is provided with the second installation portion (58), described the second installation portion (58) has the second light tank (581), focus lamp (7) is installed in described the second light tank (581), and described minisize pick-up head (6) and focus lamp (7) all face the center through hole (56) of described pressing plate (5).
12. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilitiess as described in any one of claim 1-11, it is characterized in that, described test specimen cartridge also comprises test specimen box dolly, this test specimen box dolly comprises flat board (61) and is arranged on two pairs of wheels (62) of this flat board (61) both sides, two pairs of wheels (62) and described 4 X in support column (21) below two cooperatings, or with described 4 Z-direction support columns (21) in below two cooperatings.
13. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilitiess as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, flat board (61) central authorities of described test specimen box dolly have the open-work (611) passing for vertical direction leading screw.
14. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilitiess as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, open-work (611) on the flat board (61) of described test specimen box dolly is rounded, and the diameter of described open-work (611) is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of described vertical direction leading screw.
15. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilitiess as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, open-work (611) on the flat board (61) of described test specimen box dolly is rectangular, and the wherein distance between a pair of opposite side of described open-work (611) is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of described vertical direction leading screw.
16. simulation impingement rock burst experimental facilitiess as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, the inner edge of the open-work (611) on the flat board (61) of described test specimen box dolly is provided with limitting casing, and the wherein distance between a pair of opposite side of described limitting casing is greater than the diameter 1-10mm of described vertical direction leading screw.
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Inventor after: He Manchao Inventor after: Yang Jun Inventor after: Sun Xiaoming Inventor after: Zhao Jian Inventor before: He Manchao Inventor before: Ma Shimin Inventor before: Sun Xiaoming Inventor before: Zhao Jian |
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