CN102632094A - Method for improving surface quality of titanium and titanium alloy pipes and drawing die - Google Patents
Method for improving surface quality of titanium and titanium alloy pipes and drawing die Download PDFInfo
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- CN102632094A CN102632094A CN2012101232774A CN201210123277A CN102632094A CN 102632094 A CN102632094 A CN 102632094A CN 2012101232774 A CN2012101232774 A CN 2012101232774A CN 201210123277 A CN201210123277 A CN 201210123277A CN 102632094 A CN102632094 A CN 102632094A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drawing die comprising an outer die for determining the outer diameter of a pipe and a movable core print for determining the inner diameter of the pipe, wherein the outer die half-cone angle alpha of the outer die is 10-20 degrees; the fixed-diameter section 1 of the outer die is 0.5mm-3mm long; the radius R of a transitional circular arc between the conical section and the fixed-diameter section 1 of the outer die is 5mm-8mm; the core print half-cone angle beta of the core print is 5-18 degrees; and the fixed-diameter section 2 of the movable core print is 0.5mm-5mm long. The invention also discloses a method for improving the surface quality of titanium and titanium alloy pipes by using the drawing die. With the drawing die provided in the invention, surface rolling friction in the traditional cold rolling deformation of the titanium and titanium alloy pipes can be changed into sliding friction; therefore, the shortcomings of pipe surface pits, wrinkles, microcracks and the like easily caused by repeated rolling compaction of the die during rolling are reduced, and the purpose of improving the quality of both the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipes is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nonferrous materials processing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of raising titanium or titanium alloy tube surfaces method for quality and drawing mould.
Background technology
Along with developing by leaps and bounds of aerospace industry, present generation aircraft and engine are increasingly high to performance demands, particularly the loss of weight index are had higher requirement.Titanium or titanium alloy tubing has been widely used in various aircrafts and engine both at home and abroad and has done lubricated and fuel piping system because of advantages such as specific strength are high, corrosion resistance is good, nonmagnetic, linear expansion coefficient is little.The titanium or titanium alloy size of pipe and tubing less (diameter is not more than 20mm) that common aviation pipe-line system is used, and work condition environment is abominable, and therefore extremely tight to the specification requirement of selecting the titanium pipe for use, and require to carry out the Non-Destructive Testing ultrasonic, that eddy current is dual.Simultaneously, factor such as small dimension titanium pipe work flow is long, preparation efficiency is low, the internal surface of pipe quality is wayward causes engine extremely low with the yield rate of titanium pipe.
The tube surfaces quality is huge to the processing performance and the influence of follow-up serviceability of tubing, and defectives such as the pit of tubing surfaces externally and internally, orange peel, wrinkle, micro-crack are prone to cause processing performances such as enlarging, flattening, bending sharply to descend.The method of handling at present the titanium alloy pipe blemish has outer surface to scrape to repair, pickling; Inner surface has bore hole, grinding, jet strong acid to wash etc. several kinds; Wherein bore hole causes easily that the wall thickness dimension deviation is big, efficient is low; Especially at pipe internal diameter during less than Φ 20mm, the bore hole cost increases doubly, efficient is lower, even can't operate; Grinding can guarantee wall thickness dimension precision preferably, but production efficiency is low, and processing cost is high, improper batch process, and can't carry out milled processed for the less tubing of diameter; Jet strong acid is washed the efficient height, inner surface that can the process well minor caliber pipe, but complex equipments, acid concentration unstable, environment is prone to pollute.
Traditional small-bore titanium pipe processing technique adopts multiroll rolling; Add man-hour tubing surfaces externally and internally and all receive the force of rolling friction effect along rolling direction; In the operation of rolling repeatedly interlock aggravated the sticking to mould degree between material and the mould; Roll defectives such as being prone to cause tube surfaces generation pit, wrinkle repeatedly, and defect in inner surface can't be removed effectively in traditional small-bore titanium alloy pipe technology of preparing, thereby aggravated decline of production tube surface quality and yield rate reduction.The drawing technique that moves about is the universal method of the yielding metal pipe materials of cubic system such as production of copper, steel; Tube surfaces receives the force of sliding friction effect during drawing, and superficial layer three-dimensional compressive stress distortion can be imitated and reduced and reduce original surface micro to lack, improve sticking to mould and roll repeatedly.But titanium or titanium alloy is close-packed hexagonal structure at normal temperatures; The slip system that can participate in being out of shape is few; The directed rotation also can be taken place and formed texture in the orientation of each crystal grain during plastic deformation; The foundation that tubing is subtracted wall process mechanical balance system has proposed very high request, especially small-bore, and (Φ 6～20mm) these bottlenecks of titanium pipe attenuate drawing are not domesticly captured for many years as yet.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art drawing mould a kind of simple in structure, reasonable in design to be provided.Adopt this drawing mould can make in the titanium or titanium alloy tubing traditional cold rolling deformation surperficial rolling friction change into the sliding friction state; Reduce operation of rolling mould and roll defectives such as the easy tube surfaces pit that forms, wrinkle, micro-crack repeatedly, reach the purpose that improves tubing surfaces externally and internally quality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of drawing mould; Comprise the external mold and the floating core head that is used for confirming pipe internal diameter that are used for confirming tube outer diameter, it is characterized in that the external mold semi-cone angle α of said external mold is 10 °～20 °; The length of the sizing section one of said external mold is 0.5mm～3mm, and the radius R of the excessive circular arc between the conical section of said external mold and the sizing section one is 5mm～8mm; The core print semi-cone angle β of said floating core head is 5 °～18 °, and the length of the sizing section two of said floating core head is 0.5mm～5mm.
Above-mentioned a kind of drawing mould, said external mold semi-cone angle α than core print semi-cone angle β big 2 °～6 °.
The present invention also provides and has adopted above-mentioned drawing mould to improve titanium or titanium alloy tube surfaces method for quality; It is characterized in that; This method is: to carrying out conventional heat treatment through conventional rolling titanium pipe that obtains or titanium alloy pipe; Make tube surfaces form the fine and close oxide-film of one deck, obtain the drawing pipe; Irritate to the drawing internal surface of bloom then and be coated with the traditional lubrication agent, and smear the traditional lubrication agent to the drawing outer surface of tube blank; Then, put into floating core head, an end of drawing pipe swaging is put into external mold carry out drawing, obtain drawing pipes drawing pipe one end swaging; Again drawing pipes being carried out conventional oil removal treatment, conventional pickling processes and conventional annealing successively handles; At last the drawing pipes aligning through conventional annealing in process is obtained high-quality titanium pipe or titanium alloy pipe, or the drawing pipes through conventional annealing in process is carried out conventional finish rolling, aligning obtains high-quality titanium pipe or titanium alloy pipe; Said high-quality is meant that the inside and outside surface roughness of tubing all is not more than 1.6 μ m.
Above-mentioned method, the external diameter of said high-quality titanium pipe or titanium alloy pipe is 6mm～20mm, wall thickness is 0.05～0.125 with the ratio of external diameter.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, drawing mould of the present invention is simple in structure, and is reasonable in design.
2, the tubing of the present invention after to conventional split rolling method carries out tube drawing with floating plug; Can make in the titanium or titanium alloy tubing traditional cold rolling deformation surperficial rolling friction change into the sliding friction state; Reduce operation of rolling mould and roll defectives such as the easy tube surfaces pit that forms, wrinkle, micro-crack repeatedly, reach the purpose that improves tubing surfaces externally and internally quality.
3, the present invention adopts floating core head to realize subtracting the wall drawing, makes tube surfaces smooth, not only improves the surface quality of tubing, and has improved the distribution of finished product tubing internal residual stress, and tubing is improved service life.
4, the present invention adopts tube drawing with floating plug can realize the big tube reducing distortion of single pass, and pair rolling technology reduces a series of production processes such as oil removing, pickling, heat treatment relatively, significantly improves production efficiency.
5, adopt method of the present invention can well improve the surface quality of titanium or titanium alloy tubing, and increase substantially product percent of pass.As adopt common process to make the small dimension TA16 tubing of Φ 6mm * 0.75mm * 1000mm～6000mm; Use length 3mm; Width 0.3mm; The degree of depth is that the standard of 0.05mm is hindered standard that to carry out ultrasonic examination and four through holes be Φ 0.3mm and hindered and carry out eddy current inspection, and lumber recovery is merely 20%～35%, and selects for use the TA16 tubing qualification rate of the inventive method manufacturing to reach more than 70%.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed description.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of drawing mould of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the SEM photo of the TA18 titanium alloy pipe inner surface of the embodiment of the invention 1 manufacturing.
Fig. 3 is the SEM photo of the TA18 titanium alloy pipe inner surface of employing pair rolling technology manufacturing.
Description of reference numerals:
The 1-external mold; The 2-floating core head; 3-tubing;
The 4-conical section; 5-sizing section one; 6-sizing section two.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; The drawing mould of present embodiment comprises the external mold 1 and the floating core head 2 that is used for confirming tubing 3 internal diameters that is used for confirming tubing 3 external diameters; The external mold semi-cone angle α of said external mold 1 is 10 °; The length of the sizing section 1 of said external mold 1 is 0.5mm, and the conical section 4 of said external mold 1 and the radius R of the excessive circular arc between the sizing section 1 are 5mm; The core print semi-cone angle β of said floating core head 2 is 5 °, and the length of the sizing section 26 of said floating core head 2 is 0.5mm.
The method that present embodiment adopts above-mentioned drawing mould to improve the titanium pipe surface quality is: select for use chemical analysis to satisfy the Φ 19mm * cold rolling tubing of 1.6mm specification TA18 of GB/T3520.2-2007 standard-required; Tubing carries out the conventional heat treatment of 700 ℃/1.5h after pickling, oven dry; Make tube surfaces form the fine and close oxide-film of one deck, obtain the drawing pipe; Smear the traditional lubrication agent then to the agent of drawing internal surface of bloom perfusion traditional lubrication, and to the drawing outer surface of tube blank; Then, put into floating core head 2, an end of drawing pipe swaging is put into external mold 1, utilize above-mentioned drawing mould to carry out drawing, be drawn to the drawing pipes of Φ 16mm * 1.5mm drawing pipe one end swaging; Drawing pipes is carried out successively the conventional vacuum annealing of conventional oil removal treatment, conventional pickling processes and 650 ℃/1.5 hours and handle, aligning, crop end promptly obtains high-quality TA18 titanium alloy pipe.
The roughness Ra on the inside and outside surface of TA18 titanium alloy pipe of present embodiment manufacturing is 1.2 μ m, and flaw detection qualification rate reaches 80%.The SEM photo of its inner surface is as shown in Figure 2; Compare with the TA18 titanium pipe inner surface (see figure 3) of pair rolling technology manufacturing; The metal flow of drawn and rolled tube inner surface has significant directivity; And can observe defectives such as tangible fold, pit, the density of its inner surface and smooth degree are all poor than drawing pipes.
As shown in Figure 1; The drawing mould of present embodiment comprises the external mold 1 and the floating core head 2 that is used for confirming tubing 3 internal diameters that is used for confirming tubing 3 external diameters; The external mold semi-cone angle α of said external mold 1 is 20 °; The length of the sizing section 1 of said external mold 1 is 3mm, and the conical section 4 of said external mold 1 and the radius R of the excessive circular arc between the sizing section 1 are 8mm; The core print semi-cone angle β of said floating core head 2 is 18 °, and the length of the sizing section 26 of said floating core head 2 is 5mm.
The method that present embodiment adopts above-mentioned drawing mould to improve the titanium alloy pipe surface quality is: select for use chemical analysis to satisfy the Φ 14mm * cold rolling tubing of 1.3mm specification TA2 of GB/T3520.2-2007 standard-required; Tubing is dried after the oil removing pickling; Carry out the conventional heat treatment of 600 ℃/1h; Make tube surfaces form the fine and close oxide-film of one deck, obtain the drawing pipe; Smear the traditional lubrication agent then to the agent of drawing internal surface of bloom perfusion traditional lubrication, and to the drawing outer surface of tube blank; Then with drawing pipe one end swaging, put into floating core head 2, an end of drawing pipe swaging is put into external mold 1, utilize above-mentioned drawing mould to carry out drawing, a time is drawn the drawing pipes into Φ 11mm * 1.20mm; Drawing pipes is carried out successively the conventional vacuum annealing of conventional oil removal treatment, conventional pickling processes and 750 ℃/1.5h and handle, aligning, crop end promptly obtains high-quality TA2 titanium pipe.
The roughness Ra on the inside and outside surface of TA2 titanium pipe of present embodiment manufacturing is 0.7 μ m.
As shown in Figure 1; The drawing mould of present embodiment comprises the external mold 1 and the floating core head 2 that is used for confirming tubing 3 internal diameters that is used for confirming tubing 3 external diameters; The external mold semi-cone angle α of said external mold 1 is 15 °; The length of the sizing section 1 of said external mold 1 is 2mm, and the conical section 4 of said external mold 1 and the radius R of the excessive circular arc between the sizing section 1 are 6mm; The core print semi-cone angle β of said floating core head 2 is 9 °, and the length of the sizing section 26 of said floating core head 2 is 3mm.
The method that present embodiment adopts above-mentioned drawing mould to improve the titanium alloy pipe surface quality is: select for use chemical analysis to satisfy the Φ 12.7mm * cold rolling tubing of 2mm specification TA16 alloy of GB/T3520.2-2007 standard-required; Tubing is carried out oil removal treatment and the conventional heat treatment of 700 ℃/1.5h; Make tube surfaces form the fine and close oxide-film of one deck, obtain the drawing pipe; Smear the traditional lubrication agent then to the agent of drawing internal surface of bloom perfusion traditional lubrication, and to the drawing outer surface of tube blank; Then with drawing pipe one end swaging, put into floating core head 2, an end of drawing pipe swaging is put into external mold 1, utilize above-mentioned drawing mould to carry out drawing, a time drawing is the drawing pipes of Φ 9.5mm * 1.9mm; Drawing pipes being carried out successively the conventional vacuum annealing of conventional oil removal treatment, conventional pickling processes and 720 ℃/1.5h handles; Tubing after will annealing at last is rolling to Φ 6mm * 0.75mm through 2～3 passages on three roller finishing mills; Aligning, crop end promptly obtains high-quality TA16 titanium alloy pipe.
The roughness Ra on the inside and outside surface of TA16 titanium alloy pipe of present embodiment manufacturing is 1.6 μ m.Adopt length 3mm; Width 0.3mm; The degree of depth is that the TA16 titanium alloy pipe that the standard of 0.05mm is hindered the present embodiment manufacturing carries out ultrasonic examination; And the TA16 titanium alloy pipe that the standard that to adopt four through holes be Φ 0.3mm is hindered the present embodiment manufacturing carries out eddy current inspection, and the tubing qualification rate reaches more than 70%; And adopting same way as that the small dimension TA16 tubing of the Φ 6mm * 0.75mm * 1000mm～6000mm of common process manufacturing is detected a flaw, lumber recovery is merely 20%～35%.
As shown in Figure 1; The drawing mould of present embodiment comprises the external mold 1 and the floating core head 2 that is used for confirming tubing 3 internal diameters that is used for confirming tubing 3 external diameters; The external mold semi-cone angle α of said external mold 1 is 16 °; The length of the sizing section 1 of said external mold 1 is 2mm, and the conical section 4 of said external mold 1 and the radius R of the excessive circular arc between the sizing section 1 are 7mm; The core print semi-cone angle β of said floating core head 2 is 10 °, and the length of the sizing section 26 of said floating core head 2 is 2mm.
The method that present embodiment adopts above-mentioned drawing mould to improve the titanium alloy pipe surface quality is: select for use chemical analysis to satisfy the Φ 23mm * cold rolling tubing of 1.2mm specification TA24 alloy of GB/T3520.2-2007 standard-required; Tubing is carried out oil removal treatment and the processing of 750 ℃/1.5h atmospheric heat, make tube surfaces form the fine and close oxide-film of one deck, obtain the drawing pipe; Smear the traditional lubrication agent then to the agent of drawing internal surface of bloom perfusion traditional lubrication, and to the drawing outer surface of tube blank; Then with drawing pipe one end swaging, put into floating core head 2, an end of drawing pipe swaging is put into external mold 1, utilize above-mentioned drawing mould to carry out drawing, a time is drawn the drawing pipes into Φ 20mm * 1.0mm; Drawing pipes is carried out successively the vacuum annealing of conventional oil removal treatment, conventional pickling processes and 750 ℃/1.5h and handle, aligning, crop end promptly obtains high-quality TA24 titanium alloy pipe.
The roughness Ra on the inside and outside surface of TA24 titanium alloy pipe of present embodiment manufacturing is 1.1 μ m.
As shown in Figure 1; The drawing mould of present embodiment comprises the external mold 1 and the floating core head 2 that is used for confirming tubing 3 internal diameters that is used for confirming tubing 3 external diameters; The external mold semi-cone angle α of said external mold 1 is 14 °; The length of the sizing section 1 of said external mold 1 is 1mm, and the conical section 4 of said external mold 1 and the radius R of the excessive circular arc between the sizing section 1 are 8mm; The core print semi-cone angle β of said floating core head 2 is 10 °, and the length of the sizing section 26 of said floating core head 2 is 2mm.
The method that present embodiment adopts above-mentioned drawing mould to improve the titanium alloy pipe surface quality is: select for use chemical analysis to satisfy the Φ 15.7mm * cold rolling tubing of 1.4mm specification TB5 alloy of GB/T3520.2-2007 standard-required; Tubing is carried out oil removal treatment and the processing of 800 ℃/1h atmospheric heat, make tube surfaces form the fine and close oxide-film of one deck, obtain the drawing pipe; Smear the traditional lubrication agent then to the agent of drawing internal surface of bloom perfusion traditional lubrication, and to the drawing outer surface of tube blank; Then with drawing pipe one end swaging; Put into floating core head 2, an end of drawing pipe swaging is put into external mold 1, utilize above-mentioned drawing mould to carry out drawing; A time is drawn the semi-finished product tubing into Φ 13mm * 1.3mm, continues second passage and draws the drawing pipes into Φ 10mm * 1.2mm; After drawing pipes carried out conventional oil removing, conventional pickling processes successively, carry out the vacuum air-quenching solution heat treatment of 800 ℃/1h earlier, carry out the heat treatment of 500 ℃/8h vacuum aging subsequently, aligning subsequently, crop end promptly obtains high-quality TB5 titanium alloy pipe.
The roughness Ra on the inside and outside surface of TB5 titanium alloy pipe of present embodiment manufacturing is 0.9 μ m.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any restriction, every technical spirit changes any simple modification, change and the equivalence that above embodiment did according to the present invention, all still belongs in the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. drawing mould; Comprise the floating core head (2) that is used for confirming the external mold (1) of tubing (3) external diameter and is used for confirming tubing (3) internal diameter; It is characterized in that; The external mold semi-cone angle α of said external mold (1) is 10 °～20 °, and the length of the sizing section one (5) of said external mold (1) is 0.5mm～3mm, and the conical section (4) of said external mold (1) and the radius R of the excessive circular arc between the sizing section one (5) are 5mm～8mm; The core print semi-cone angle β of said floating core head (2) is 5 °～18 °, and the length of the sizing section two (6) of said floating core head (2) is 0.5mm～5mm.
2. a kind of drawing mould according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said external mold semi-cone angle α than core print semi-cone angle β big 2 °～6 °.
3. one kind is adopted drawing mould raising titanium or titanium alloy tube surfaces method for quality according to claim 1 or claim 2; It is characterized in that; This method is: to carrying out conventional heat treatment through conventional rolling titanium pipe that obtains or titanium alloy pipe; Make tube surfaces form the fine and close oxide-film of one deck, obtain the drawing pipe; Irritate to the drawing internal surface of bloom then and be coated with the traditional lubrication agent, and smear the traditional lubrication agent to the drawing outer surface of tube blank; Then, put into floating core head (2), an end of drawing pipe swaging is put into external mold (1) carry out drawing, obtain drawing pipes drawing pipe one end swaging; Again drawing pipes being carried out conventional oil removal treatment, conventional pickling processes and conventional annealing successively handles; At last the drawing pipes aligning through conventional annealing in process is obtained high-quality titanium pipe or titanium alloy pipe, or the drawing pipes through conventional annealing in process is carried out conventional finish rolling, aligning obtains high-quality titanium pipe or titanium alloy pipe; Said high-quality is meant that the inside and outside surface roughness of tubing all is not more than 1.6 μ m.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the external diameter of said high-quality titanium pipe or titanium alloy pipe is 6mm～20mm, and wall thickness is 0.05～0.125 with the ratio of external diameter.
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| CN201210123277.4A CN102632094B (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-04-24 | Method for improving surface quality of titanium and titanium alloy pipes and drawing die |
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| CN201210123277.4A CN102632094B (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2012-04-24 | Method for improving surface quality of titanium and titanium alloy pipes and drawing die |
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| CN102814348A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-12 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Lubricant for wall reduction and drawing of titanium alloy pipe and using method thereof |
| CN105344727A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-02-24 | 重庆西重特种铝业有限公司 | Reducing die |
| CN105983641A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-10-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Method of attaching ring gear to differential case, jig, and differential case |
| CN107858631A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-03-30 | 西安赛特思迈钛业有限公司 | A kind of Φ 3mm Φ 10mm titanium alloy wire continuous oxidation system and methods |
| CN107891068A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-10 | 王家聪 | Improve the cold drawing die of steel tube inner hole spiral defect |
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| CN102814348B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-12-31 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Lubricant for wall reduction and drawing of titanium alloy pipe and using method thereof |
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| CN108126994A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2018-06-08 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | A kind of thin-wall aluminum alloy tube-drawing mold |
| CN107858631A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-03-30 | 西安赛特思迈钛业有限公司 | A kind of Φ 3mm Φ 10mm titanium alloy wire continuous oxidation system and methods |
| CN107891068B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2023-11-24 | 王家聪 | Cold drawing die for improving spiral defect of inner hole of steel pipe |
| CN107891068A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-10 | 王家聪 | Improve the cold drawing die of steel tube inner hole spiral defect |
| CN109500118A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-22 | 重庆龙煜精密铜管有限公司 | A kind of anti-jump vehicle floating core head and the anti-jump vehicle method of copper pipe undergauge drawing |
| CN110814069A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 龙口市龙蓬精密铜管有限公司 | Production method of semi-hard copper straight pipe and drawing die thereof |
| CN111069445B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-03-02 | 江阴和宏精工科技有限公司 | Wall thickness control method for expanding and drawing copper pipe |
| CN111069445A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-28 | 江阴和宏精工科技有限公司 | Wall thickness control method for expanding and drawing copper pipe |
| CN111842517A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 浙江久立特材科技股份有限公司 | Cold drawing die for ribbed cladding tube, production process and finished tube thereof |
| CN112958642A (en) * | 2021-02-06 | 2021-06-15 | 重庆龙煜精密铜管有限公司 | Continuous drawing forming process for double-lug special pipe |
| CN113290066A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-24 | 重庆龙煜精密铜管有限公司 | Production process for stretched copper pipe |
| CN115069801A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-20 | 北京科技大学 | Multi-pass drawing forming process for cladding tube with straight ribs and cladding tube |
| CN115069801B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-10-24 | 北京科技大学 | Multi-pass drawing forming process for cladding tube with straight ribs and cladding tube |
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