CN102626723A - Method for manufacturing steel pipe for bearing ring - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing steel pipe for bearing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN102626723A CN102626723A CN2012101118872A CN201210111887A CN102626723A CN 102626723 A CN102626723 A CN 102626723A CN 2012101118872 A CN2012101118872 A CN 2012101118872A CN 201210111887 A CN201210111887 A CN 201210111887A CN 102626723 A CN102626723 A CN 102626723A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a steel pipe for a bearing ring, belonging to the technical field of manufacturing of steel pipes. The method comprises the following steps of: perforating a bearing steel bar material in a heated state, and quickly cooling after perforation to obtain a pierced billet; introducing the pierced billet into an annealing furnace for annealing to obtain an annealed pierced billet; introducing the annealed pierced billet into a cold rolling mill for performing cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled pipe blank; introducing the cold-rolled pipe blank into the annealing furnace for performing relief annealing to obtain a stress-relieved pipe blank; washing the stress-relieved pipe blank with acid, and phosphorizing treatment to obtain a pipe blank to be subjected to cold drawing; performing cold drawing on the pipe blank to be subjected to cold drawing, and controlling the cold drawing extension multiple to obtain a cold-drawn pipe; and introducing the cold-drawn pipe into a continuous annealing furnace for performing finished product thermal treatment, controlling the thermal treatment temperature and heat preserving time of a finished product, cooling along with the furnace after heat preservation is completed, and discharging to obtain the steel pipe for the bearing ring. The method has the advantages that: the technical requirements of the bearing ring manufactured with a cold rolling process can be met; and the method has simple process steps, and can meet the requirement of industrial mass production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the steel pipe preparing technical field, be specifically related to the preparation method of the steel pipe that a kind of bearing ring uses
Background technology
above mentioned bearing ring is the general reference of bearing inner race and bearing outer ring, and custom steel pipe that bearing ring is used is referred to as the bearing steel pipe, and then will make the effective steel of bearing steel and be called bearing steel.Bearing steel is divided into three kinds usually by the difference of its chemical composition and quality percentage: one is high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, its trade mark or title grade of steel such as GCr15, GCr6, GCr9, GCr9SiMn and GCr15SiMn; Two is carburizing bearing steel, its trade mark such as G20CrMo, G20CrNiMo, G20CrNi2Mo, G20Cr2Ni4 and G10CrNi13Mo; Three is the stainless steel bearing steel, its trade mark such as 9Cr18 and 9Cr18Mo.
prior art adopts the mode of turning processing to obtain bearing ring by bearing steel or bearing steel pipe usually, and the self-evident shortcoming of this processing method has the following aspects at least: one of which, and waste of raw materials is serious; Its two, the cost of charp tool is high and change frequently, causes processing cost high; Its three, operating efficiency is low and be unfavorable for industrial amplification production; Its four, the environment and the labor strength that influence operation field are big.Can be respectively to this be confirmed by Chinese invention patent application publication number CN1414256A " bearing sleeve processing shaping technology " (employing bearing steel) of recommending and " steel pipe for bearing elements, its manufacturing approach and cutting process thereof " (employing bearing steel pipe) that Granted publication CN100344784C provides.
are undoubted; After cutting off and with the cold reduction mode, produce the deficiency that bearing ring can be eliminated aforementioned cut by the bearing steel pipe; And existing being seen in disclosed Chinese patent document; Typical " a kind of manufacturing approach of bearing ring and the equipment " introduced like Granted publication CN101718305B, yet the unexposed following technology essential factor of this patent scheme: boring a hole before to the heating-up temperature of bar and the eccentricity of boring a hole; The annealing temperature and the temperature retention time of perforation steel pipe; The extension multiple that the annealing back is cold rolling; The technical factor of the stress relief annealing after cold rolling; Cold-drawing technology key element after the stress relief annealing and final finished product heat treatment key element, or the like.And the whether reasonable of these unknown technical factors not only can exert an influence to the cold roll deflection of bearing ring, and can exert an influence equally to hardness (HRB).
again alloy content is less, quenching to add has height after the tempering and hardness, desirable anti-wear performance and advantages such as anti-contact fatigue property and cheapness uniformly because GCr15 has, thereby is widely used in bearing steel.But, in disclosed patent and non-patent literature, all do not disclose the mature technique information for preparing the steel pipe that bearing ring uses by GCr15 bearing steel bar no matter be up to now.The applicant has done actively and good try for this reason, and the technical scheme that will introduce below produces under this background
Summary of the invention
task of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the steel pipe that a kind of bearing ring uses, and the steel pipe of being used by the bearing ring of this method preparation can satisfy cold reduction to bearing ring to be required and use and embody without cutting and save material, reduce manufacturing cost, improve and make efficient and improve and make on-the-spot environment and alleviate working strength of workers.
Task of the present invention is accomplished like this, and the preparation method of the steel pipe that a kind of bearing ring is used may further comprise the steps:
A) adding hot piercing, is that the bearing steel bar of GCr15 is bored a hole under heated condition with the trade mark, after perforation, cool off fast, and eccentricity and assurance outer surface and the hole wall of control heating-up temperature during with control punch is indefectible, obtains hollow forging;
B) annealing is introduced annealing furnace annealing and control annealing temperature and control temperature retention time with hollow forging, obtains the hollow forging of annealing;
C) cold rolling, will be by step B) the annealing hollow forging that obtains introduces rolled by cold rolling machine, and control cold rolling extension multiple, obtain cold rolling pipe;
D) stress relief annealing is introduced annealing furnace with cold rolling pipe and is carried out stress relief annealing, and speed and control that control stress relief annealing temperature and the cold rolling pipe of control get into the stress relief annealing stove obtain the destressing pipe with the stove chilling temperature;
E) pre-process is carried out pickling to the destressing pipe earlier, carries out phosphatization again and handles, and obtains treating the cold-drawn pipe;
F) cold-drawn will treat that the cold-drawn pipe carries out cold-drawn processing, and control cold-drawn extension multiple, obtain drawn tube;
G) finished product heat treatment is introduced continuous annealing furnace with drawn tube and is carried out finished product heat treatment, and control finished product heat treatment temperature and temperature retention time, after insulation finishes, carries out obtaining the steel pipe that bearing ring is used after coming out of the stove with the stove cooling.
in a concrete embodiment of the present invention, steps A) described in quick cooling be to adopt quick fan to carry out air blast cooling, described control heating-up temperature is to be 1100-1120 ℃ with heating and temperature control; Eccentricity during described control punch is that the eccentricity during with perforation is controlled to be less than 8%.
in another concrete embodiment of the present invention, steps A) described in the indefectible outer wall and the hole wall that guarantee said hollow forging of being meant of assurance outer surface and hole wall do not have tangible pit, run over and injure, stick up skin and peel ply.
in another concrete embodiment of the present invention, step B) described in the control annealing temperature be that annealing temperature is controlled to be 770-790 ℃; Described control temperature retention time is that temperature retention time is controlled to be 240-300min.
in another concrete embodiment of the present invention, step C) described in the cold rolling extension multiple of control be meant that together cold rolling extension multiple at 1.4-1.8 doubly.
also have among the concrete embodiment step D of the present invention) described in control stress relief annealing temperature be that the stress relief annealing temperature is controlled to be 680-710 ℃; The speed that the cold rolling pipe of described control gets into the stress relief annealing stove is to be 0.2-0.4m/min with speed controlling; Described control is with being controlled to be 550-600 ℃ with the stove cooling velocity with the stove chilling temperature.
more of the present invention and among concrete embodiment, step F) described in the control cold-drawn to extend multiple be multiple to be extended in cold-drawn be controlled to be 1.1-1.5 doubly.
in of the present invention and then concrete embodiment, step G) described in control finished product heat treatment temperature and temperature retention time be that the finished product heat treatment temperature is controlled to be 700-730 ℃, temperature retention time is controlled to be 180-240min.
of the present invention again more and among concrete embodiment, step G) described in the type of cooling with the stove cooling be the constant gradient cooling.
in again of the present invention and then concrete embodiment, described constant gradient is cooled to and per hour successively decreases 50 ℃, until being cooled to normal temperature.
The hardness (HRB) of the steel pipe that the bearing ring that
technical scheme provided by the invention obtains is used is 86-91; The globular pearlite rank reaches the 2-4 level; Can satisfy the specification requirement of the bearing ring that obtains with cold reduction technology fully; Thereby for the processing of the without cutting of bearing ring provides technical guarantee, avoided the waste of raw materials that the cut mode causes in the prior art, processing cost is high, working (machining) efficiency is low, influence operation field environment and the big drawback of operator's labour intensity; The method processing step is terse and can satisfy the industrial amplification production requirement.
The specific embodiment
can be expressly understood technical spirit of the present invention and beneficial effect more for the auditor that the makes Patent Office especially public; The applicant general elaborates with the mode of embodiment below; But the description to embodiment all is not the restriction to the present invention program, any according to the present invention design done only for pro forma but not substantial equivalent transformation all should be regarded as technical scheme category of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
are example with the steel pipe that the bearing ring for preparing 42.9 * 6.9 (external diameter 42.9 ㎜, wall thickness 6.9 ㎜) uses.
A) add hot piercing; With diameter be φ's 60 (60 ㎜) and the trade mark be that GCr15 bearing steel bar is that round steel is sent into heating furnace and is heated to 1120 ℃; And under these 1120 ℃, bore a hole, the eccentricity of round steel is carried out air blast cooling with quick fan less than 8% during perforation after perforation; Net carbide appears on the surface to avoid cooling off slow; Obtain the hollow forging of 63 * 8 ㎜ (external diameter 63 ㎜, wall thickness 8 ㎜), and outer wall and the hole wall that should guarantee hollow forging all not have significantly be macroscopic pit, run over and injure, stick up skin and peel ply;
B) annealing, this annealing steps also can be described as nodularization heat treatment, will be by steps A) hollow forging that obtains introduces in the continuous annealing furnace and anneals; Promptly carry out spheroidizing; Annealing temperature is controlled to be 770 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 300min, obtains the hollow forging of annealing; The globular pearlite rank of this annealing hollow forging reaches the 2.5-3.5 level, and hardness (HBW) reaches 179-200;
C) cold rolling; Will be by step B) the annealing hollow forging that obtains carries out pickling earlier; Then carry out phosphatization and handle (being the saponification lubricated), then introduce rolled by cold rolling machine, cold rolling extension multiple is controlled to be 1.57 times together; Obtain the cold rolling pipe of 47.5 * 6.9 ㎜ (external diameter 47.5 ㎜, and wall thickness is 6.9 ㎜);
D) stress relief annealing will be by step C) the cold rolling pipe that obtains introduces annealing furnace with the speed of 0.3m/min and carries out stress relief annealing, and annealing temperature is 710 ℃, cools to the furnace less than 600 ℃ to come out of the stove, and obtains the destressing pipe;
E) pre-process will be by step D) the destressing pipe that obtains carries out pickling, carries out phosphatization again and handles (claiming that also phospholeumization is lubricated), and what obtain 47.5 ㎜ * 6.9 ㎜ treats the cold-drawn pipe;
F) cold-drawn will be by step e) specification that obtains is that the cold-drawn pipe of treating of 47.5 ㎜ * 6.9 ㎜ carries out cold-drawn, and it is 1.13 times that multiple is extended in cold-drawn, and obtaining specification is external diameter 42.9 ㎜, and wall thickness is the drawn tube of 6.9 ㎜;
G) finished product heat treatment; Will be by step F) drawn tube that obtains introduces continuous annealing furnace and carries out finished product heat treatment; Control finished product heat treatment temperature is 730 ℃; Temperature retention time is 200min, finishes the back in insulation and per hour carries out 50 ℃ the cryogen delivery rate of deceleration until being cooled to normal temperature with stove, and going out continuous annealing furnace, to obtain specification be that external diameter 42.9 ㎜ and wall thickness are the steel pipe that the bearing ring of 6.9 ㎜ is used.
are bigger owing to the bearing ring cold roll adds the deflection in man-hour, and are very responsive to the annealing hardness of steel pipe, so this step can guarantee that the hardness (HRB) of the steel pipe that bearing ring is used reaches 86-91.
The steel pipe that the bearing ring that
present embodiment obtains is used is through testing: globular pearlite is evenly distributed, and meets the 2-4 level scope (the present embodiment actual measurement is 3 grades) that CNS GB/T18254 requires; Annealing hardness meets the HRB86-90 (the present embodiment actual measurement is HRB87-88) that GB/T18254 requires.
Embodiment 2:
are example with the steel pipe that the bearing ring for preparing 64 * 7.35 (external diameter 64 ㎜, wall thickness 7.35 ㎜) uses.
A) add hot piercing; With diameter be φ's 90 (90 ㎜) and the trade mark be that GCr15 bearing steel bar is that round steel is sent into heating furnace and is heated to 1120 ℃; And under these 1120 ℃, bore a hole, the eccentricity of round steel is carried out air blast cooling with quick fan less than 8% during perforation after perforation; Net carbide appears on the surface to avoid cooling off slow; Obtain the hollow forging of 92 * 8.5 ㎜ (external diameter 92 ㎜, wall thickness 8.5 ㎜), and outer wall and the hole wall that should guarantee hollow forging all not have significantly be macroscopic pit, run over and injure, stick up skin and peel ply;
B) annealing, this annealing steps also can be described as nodularization heat treatment, will be by steps A) hollow forging that obtains introduces in the continuous annealing furnace and anneals; Promptly carry out spheroidizing; Annealing temperature is controlled to be 790 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 270min, obtains the hollow forging of annealing; The globular pearlite rank of this annealing hollow forging reaches the 2.5-3.5 level, and hardness (HBW) reaches 179-200;
C) cold rolling; Will be by step B) the annealing hollow forging that obtains carries out pickling earlier; Then carry out phosphatization and handle (being the saponification lubricated), then introduce rolled by cold rolling machine, cold rolling extension multiple is controlled to be 1.47 times together; Obtain the cold rolling pipe of 72.5 * 7.4 ㎜ (external diameter 72.5 ㎜, and wall thickness is 7.4 ㎜);
D) stress relief annealing; Will be by step C) the cold rolling pipe that obtains introduces annealing furnace with the speed of 0.35m/min and carries out stress relief annealing, and annealing temperature is 710 ℃, cools to the furnace less than 600 ℃ to come out of the stove; Obtain the destressing pipe; Because it is bigger that the bearing ring cold roll adds the deflection in man-hour, very responsive to the annealing hardness of steel pipe, so this step can guarantee that the hardness (HRB) of the steel pipe that bearing ring is used reaches 86-91;
E) pre-process will be by step D) the destressing pipe that obtains carries out pickling, carries out phosphatization again and handles (claiming that also phospholeumization is lubricated), and what obtain 72.5 ㎜ * 7.4 ㎜ treats the cold-drawn pipe;
F) cold-drawn will be by step e) specification that obtains is that the cold-drawn pipe of treating of 72.5 ㎜ * 7.4 ㎜ carries out cold-drawn, and it is 1.2 times that multiple is extended in cold-drawn, and obtaining specification is external diameter 64 ㎜, and wall thickness is the drawn tube of 7.35 ㎜;
G) finished product heat treatment; Will be by step F) drawn tube that obtains introduces continuous annealing furnace and carries out finished product heat treatment; Control finished product heat treatment temperature is 730 ℃; Temperature retention time is 240min, finishes the back in insulation and per hour carries out 50 ℃ the cryogen delivery rate of deceleration until being cooled to normal temperature with stove, and going out continuous annealing furnace, to obtain specification be that external diameter 64 ㎜ and wall thickness are the steel pipe that the bearing ring of 7.35 ㎜ is used.
The steel pipe that the bearing ring that
present embodiment obtains is used is through testing: globular pearlite is evenly distributed, and meets the 2-4 level scope (the present embodiment actual measurement is 3 grades) that CNS GB/T18254 requires; Annealing hardness meets the HRB86-90 (the present embodiment actual measurement is HRB87-88) that GB/T18254 requires.All the other are all with the description to embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
are example with the steel pipe that the bearing ring for preparing 29.1 * 6.4 (external diameter 29.1 ㎜, wall thickness 6.4 ㎜) uses.
A) add hot piercing; With diameter be φ's 55 (55 ㎜) and the trade mark be that GCr15 bearing steel bar is that round steel is sent into heating furnace and is heated to 1120 ℃; And under these 1120 ℃, bore a hole, the eccentricity of round steel is carried out air blast cooling with quick fan less than 8% during perforation after perforation; Net carbide appears on the surface to avoid cooling off slow; Obtain the hollow forging of 57 * 7.2 ㎜ (external diameter 57 ㎜, wall thickness 7.2 ㎜), and outer wall and the hole wall that should guarantee hollow forging all not have significantly be macroscopic pit, run over and injure, stick up skin and peel ply;
B) annealing, this annealing steps also can be described as nodularization heat treatment, will be by steps A) hollow forging that obtains introduces in the continuous annealing furnace and anneals; Promptly carry out spheroidizing; Annealing temperature is controlled to be 780 ℃, and the time is controlled to be 240min, obtains the hollow forging of annealing; The globular pearlite rank of this annealing hollow forging reaches the 2.5-3.5 level, and hardness (HBW) reaches 179-200;
C) cold rolling, will be by step B) the annealing hollow forging that obtains carries out pickling earlier, and then carry out phosphatization and handle (being the saponification lubricated); Then introduce rolled by cold rolling machine; Together cold rolling extension multiple is controlled to be 1.78 times, obtains the cold rolling pipe of 37 * 6.6 ㎜ (external diameter 37 ㎜, and wall thickness is 6.6 ㎜);
D) stress relief annealing; Will be by step C) the cold rolling pipe that obtains introduces annealing furnace with the speed of 0.25m/min and carries out stress relief annealing, and annealing temperature is 710 ℃, cools to the furnace less than 600 ℃ to come out of the stove; Obtain the destressing pipe; Because it is bigger that the bearing ring cold roll adds the deflection in man-hour, very responsive to the annealing hardness of steel pipe, so this step can guarantee that the hardness (HRB) of the steel pipe that bearing ring is used reaches 86-91;
E) pre-process will be by step D) the destressing pipe that obtains carries out pickling, carries out phosphatization again and handles (claiming that also phospholeumization is lubricated), and what obtain 37 ㎜ * 6.6 ㎜ treats the cold-drawn pipe;
F) cold-drawn will be by step e) specification that obtains is that the cold-drawn pipe of treating of 37 ㎜ * 6.6 ㎜ carries out cold-drawn, and it is 1.38 times that multiple is extended in cold-drawn, and obtaining specification is external diameter 29.1 ㎜, and wall thickness is the drawn tube of 6.4 ㎜;
G) finished product heat treatment; Will be by step F) drawn tube that obtains introduces continuous annealing furnace and carries out finished product heat treatment; Control finished product heat treatment temperature is 730 ℃; Temperature retention time is 180min, finishes the back in insulation and per hour carries out 50 ℃ the cryogen delivery rate of deceleration until being cooled to normal temperature with stove, and going out continuous annealing furnace, to obtain specification be that external diameter 29.1 ㎜ and wall thickness are the steel pipe that the bearing ring of 6.4 ㎜ is used.
The steel pipe that the bearing ring that
present embodiment obtains is used is through testing: globular pearlite is evenly distributed, and meets the 2-4 level scope (the present embodiment actual measurement is 3 grades) that CNS GB/T18254 requires; Annealing hardness meets the HRB86-90 (the present embodiment actual measurement is HRB87-88) that GB/T18254 requires.All the other are all with the description to embodiment 1
Claims (10)
1.
The preparation method of the steel pipe that a kind of bearing ring is used is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A) adding hot piercing, is that the bearing steel bar of GCr15 is bored a hole under heated condition with the trade mark, after perforation, cool off fast, and eccentricity and assurance outer surface and the hole wall of control heating-up temperature during with control punch is indefectible, obtains hollow forging;
B) annealing is introduced annealing furnace annealing and control annealing temperature and control temperature retention time with hollow forging, obtains the hollow forging of annealing;
C) cold rolling, will be by step B) the annealing hollow forging that obtains introduces rolled by cold rolling machine, and control cold rolling extension multiple, obtain cold rolling pipe;
D) stress relief annealing is introduced annealing furnace with cold rolling pipe and is carried out stress relief annealing, and speed and control that control stress relief annealing temperature and the cold rolling pipe of control get into the stress relief annealing stove obtain the destressing pipe with the stove chilling temperature;
E) pre-process is carried out pickling to the destressing pipe earlier, carries out phosphatization again and handles, and obtains treating the cold-drawn pipe;
F) cold-drawn will treat that the cold-drawn pipe carries out cold-drawn processing, and control cold-drawn extension multiple, obtain drawn tube;
G) finished product heat treatment is introduced continuous annealing furnace with drawn tube and is carried out finished product heat treatment, and control finished product heat treatment temperature and temperature retention time, after insulation finishes, carries out obtaining the steel pipe that bearing ring is used after coming out of the stove with the stove cooling.
2. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1; It is characterized in that steps A) described in quick cooling be to adopt quick fan to carry out air blast cooling, described control heating-up temperature is to be 1100-1120 ℃ with heating and temperature control; Eccentricity during described control punch is that the eccentricity during with perforation is controlled to be less than 8%.
3. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that steps A) described in assurance outer surface and the indefectible outer wall and the hole wall that guarantee said hollow forging of being meant of hole wall do not have tangible pit, run over and injure, stick up skin and peel ply.
4. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that step B) described in the control annealing temperature be that annealing temperature is controlled to be 770-790 ℃; Described control temperature retention time is that temperature retention time is controlled to be 240-300min.
5. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that step C) described in the cold rolling extension multiple of control be meant that cold rolling extension multiple at 1.4-1.8 doubly together.
6. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that step D) described in control stress relief annealing temperature be that the stress relief annealing temperature is controlled to be 680-710 ℃; The speed that the cold rolling pipe of described control gets into the stress relief annealing stove is to be 0.2-0.4m/min with speed controlling; Described control is with being controlled to be 550-600 ℃ with the stove cooling velocity with the stove chilling temperature.
7. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that step F) described in the control cold-drawn to extend multiple be multiple to be extended in cold-drawn be controlled to be 1.1-1.5 doubly.
8. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1; It is characterized in that step G) described in control finished product heat treatment temperature and temperature retention time be that the finished product heat treatment temperature is controlled to be 700-730 ℃, temperature retention time is controlled to be 180-240min.
9. the preparation method of the steel pipe used of
bearing ring according to claim 1 is characterized in that step G) described in the type of cooling with the stove cooling be the constant gradient cooling.
10.
The preparation method of the steel pipe that bearing ring according to claim 9 is used, it is characterized in that described constant gradient is cooled to per hour successively decreases 50 ℃, until being cooled to normal temperature
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