CN102623805A - Low-cost phased array antenna based on cross coupling control - Google Patents
Low-cost phased array antenna based on cross coupling control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scheme of a novel phased array antenna which is low in cost and based on a cross coupling control technique among array elements and can reduce greatly overall cost and weight of phased array radars based on the fact the antenna array performance is not degraded. Some array elements in the scheme are connected to output ports of a feed network to perform direct feed, and the others perform indirect feed through cross coupling which is can be controlled flexibly, so that a novel array structure which is sparse for the feed network and is dense for array caliber surface is formed. The innovation of the low-cost phased array antenna based on the cross coupling control is that the cross coupling among the array elements is utilized but not restrained to perform coupling excitation for dummies in an array, so that the novel phased array antenna with low cost and light weight is established. The established phased array antenna combines a plurality of advantages, a periodical sparse antenna array structure guarantees that the antenna array has light weight, the cost of the phased array antenna is reduced to about half of the cost of the existing phased arrays, and the low-cost phased array antenna based on the cross coupling control can be used for wireless communication and radar systems.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology, Radar Technology field, be specifically related to a kind ofly, can be used for beam scanning systems such as phased array radar based on effective control mutual coupling existing between elements, low-cost, lightweight sparse cycle phased array antenna.
Background technology
Aerial array is as the communication and the critical component of radar system, and for electromagnetic high efficiency radiation and reception provide possible, soon electromagnetic signal converts the radiation mode the free space into from guided wave mode, or opposite process.From the needs of beam scanning, early stage antenna array adopts the mechanical scanning mode to carry out, but the speed of beam scanning is very slow, in case after antenna array design was accomplished simultaneously, array beams just was fixed up, and can not control flexibly.Phased array antenna is then utilized the independent control to each array element excitation phase and amplitude, through the mode that electricity is transferred, can carry out beam scanning fast, also can realize the Fast transforms of antenna beam shape simultaneously.In addition, phased array antenna also has a lot of otherwise unique advantages, for example disposal ability or the like when multiple target Search/Track, high search data rate and tracking data rate, adaptive space filter capacity and adaptive space.But the cost of phased array antenna is very high, and the feasible civil area that cost is especially valued is hung back, and generally just can use phased array antenna to the very high military domain of performance requirement.Simultaneously in some special application scenarios, airborne radar antenna for example, weight also is to limit its key in application index.
In many institute's cycles, feeding network, phase shifter, transmitting-receiving subassembly, amplifier or the like the assembly that is connected in each array element has taken most cost of phased array antenna and total weight, and obviously, more array element just means high more cost and big more weight.In common phased array system; At first more array element numbers just need more feeding network ports to be attached thereto; This has increased feeding network undoubtedly and has inserted loss, and in whole phased array antenna, these losses are to cause one of direct arch-criminal of system gain and the decline of array gross efficiency; Moreover big more array element number just needs more transmitting-receiving subassemblies, phase shifter etc. corresponding with it, and promptly more weight can be attached in the phased array system, makes the weight of phased array antenna grow proportionately with array element quantity.It is apparent that in the phased array antenna system of high-gain, if hope to reduce effectively the cost and the weight of phased array antenna, the most directly method is exactly the number that reduces array element, thinned array is invented for addressing these problems just.Through special optimal design process, for example genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm (Particle-Swarm Optimization) etc., thinned array can be realized directional diagram scanning, bigger array element distance and narrower wave beam.
For small-sized thinned array, these optimized Algorithm can be accomplished the optimization work amount that can bear at acceptable in the time, but for large-scale array, the required time of these optimized Algorithm can not be accepted.Moreover some shortcomings of thinned array self have determined that also it is not the first-selection of some large-scale phased array antenna, and for example its low bore efficient causes the waste of valuable antenna aperture resource etc.The 3rd, general thinned array all is acyclic, except the difficulty of aperiodic structure self design, than periodic structure, also has deeper problems such as processing, construction.Cyclic array remains present Application Research array type the most widely, and its design can obtain more accurate result with reference to comparatively ripe at present array design theory and practice experience.Though periodic thinned array antenna can solve some difficulty that aperiodicity is brought; But can cause the deterioration of electrical property aspect; For example bigger array element distance can cause that the secondary lobe of antenna array increases, the influence of mutual coupling existing between elements is big, scanning angle is limited in the small range or the like, and at present to the research of periodicity thinned array antenna and use all seldom.
In general antenna array design; Mutual coupling is a very adverse factors; It can cause the reducing or the like of variation, array scanning angle of distortion, array element input impedance and the matching status of array pattern, and therefore people often adopt the method that suppresses mutual coupling in the process of antenna array design, make its influence be reduced to bottom line; For example between array element, power up tape gap structure (EBG) structure, cutting or the like means, reach the purpose that suppresses mutual coupling.These methods can obtain certain effect, but the introducing of these structures makes the structure of antenna array complicated more undoubtedly, have also increased cost, weight or the design difficulty of antenna array virtually.A kind of in addition selection then is in the middle of at first the influence of mutual coupling being considered that each array element designs; Then in the process of entire antenna battle array design; Just with due regard to the factor of mutual coupling influence; But in the phase array of reality was used, the mutual coupling between array element, the input impedance of array element etc. all can change along with the variation of scan angle, thus this method can not be more accurately with the adverse effect of mutual coupling consider that antenna array designs in the middle of.
Since the inhibition of mutual coupling is a so complicated job, on the contrary in the antenna array design process, utilize mutual coupling influence, it is become be one and select preferably to designing useful factor.In fact; This idea is applied on wideband phased array antenna, in the university of a few institute and company of the U.S., is representative with people such as Ben Munk in the research of wideband phased array antenna; Have a mind to increase the mutual coupling between the array element, reach the purpose that reduces the antenna array lowest operating frequency.The lowest operating frequency of this antenna array is satisfied at the wavelength at low-limit frequency place and total sizableness of antenna array by the overall size decision of antenna array; Maximum operating frequency is determined by array element distance, satisfies array element distance less than half wavelength.Though this aerial array can work in the very wide bandwidth; But at high band because array element distance is very little (when being positioned at Ku when high band and reaching higher frequency range; Array element distance has only a millimeter magnitude); Make that the space be used to place other each circuit units is too narrow and small, even do not have other assemblies of enough spatial placement, for example phase shifter, transmitting-receiving subassembly, amplifier or the like.In addition, for wideband array,, when array element quantity is very big in the array, have problems such as cost is too high, weight is bigger equally because array element is closely to be arranged on the array bore face equally based on strong mutual coupling.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve the cost and the weight issue of existing phased array antenna.On the basis that does not reduce performances such as antenna array aperture efficient, gain; Utilize the mutual coupling between the array element; The sparse antenna array of property performance period reaches the purpose that reduces feeding network complexity and loss, reduces direct feed array element and associated component/number of components.This invention can be as making up low cost, the high-performance phased array antenna that is applied to military affairs and civil area.
A kind of low-cost phased array antenna based on mutual coupling control of the present invention comprises novel linearity/plane/other curved surface phased array antenna structures, mutual coupling control and thought and the method utilized.This phased array antenna constitutes radiating aperture jointly by feed array element (array element of direct feed) and dummy argument (array element of non-direct feed); Feed array element is through the feeding network direct-drive; Dummy argument is then through mutual coupling indirect excitation, and it is sparse and the array bore is the novel cyclic array that gathers forming feed element.
The present invention utilizes the coupled structure of band phase shifter to control the amplitude and the phase place of mutual coupling existing between elements, and then controls electric current or the electric field that is evoked by mutual coupling on the adjacent dummy argument flexibly.The beam scanning of whole phased array antenna and ability to transform are then realized through amplitude and the phase place of controlling feed array element and coupling network simultaneously.
When making up the One-dimension Phased Array antenna; Feed array element, coupling network and dummy argument are distributed on the axis of array; Can be directly through controlling the amplitude and the phase place of feed array element and coupling network; The electric field or the electric current that reach all array elements on the array bore distribute according to needed rule, realize beam scanning or conversion.When being used to make up two-dimensional array; Two kinds of feasible methods are arranged; The first is arranged in feed array element, dummy argument and corresponding coupling network on the dimension; On another dimension, then arrange,, be implemented in the sparse two dimensional phased array antenna of arranging of feed array element on the dimension through amplitude and the phase place of controlling feed element and coupling network simultaneously according to the form of common densely covered array; It two is simultaneously feed array element, dummy argument and corresponding coupling network to be arranged on two dimensions, through the amplitude and the phase place of control feed array element and coupling network, is implemented in that feed array element is sparse two dimensional phased array antenna of arranging on two dimensions.Other forms of curved surface phased array antenna can be made up by same construction method.
The novel phased array antenna that makes up among the present invention does not receive the restriction of array element form; Can realize by different array element forms; For example microstrip antenna, slot antenna, half-wave dipole or the like; The phased array antenna that can be used for various operating frequencies and various polarization simultaneously, for example medium wave, shortwave, radio frequency, microwave, millimeter wave and submillimeter wave equifrequent.
Compared with prior art; The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: though the mutual coupling between the common periodic array array element is apparent in view to the antenna array Effect on Performance; But the mutual coupling of this intensity also is not enough to impel the invention of novel phased array antenna; This mutual coupling is simultaneously carried out through modes such as space, surface waves often, is not easy even possibly not control flexibly.Compare with common periodic array, the array among the present invention is to realize through the mutual coupling between intentional enhancing and the control array element.When the amplitude that can pass through special means control mutual coupling existing between elements and phase place; Just can control electric current or the electric field that is coupled on the adjacent array element flexibly; When the current phase on two array elements and amplitude satisfy different relationships, just can realize different antenna patterns and beam scanning angle.That is to say that this moment, phased array antenna had part array element not have direct feed, but the antenna array of its performance and common full feed is as broad as long; Say on the other hand; For same array, utilize the present invention on the basis of not losing electrical property, to reduce the quantity of component/part such as needed feeding network input/output end port, transmitting-receiving subassembly, amplifier greatly; Because in phased array system; These assemblies have occupied a big chunk cost of whole system, so the present invention has substantial effect to the cost that reduces phased array system, also can alleviate the weight of whole phased array system simultaneously significantly.For example; Two kinds of array elements can be arranged alternately on the array bore face; So only needs half direct-drive of array number is always wherein realized required effect; Also can arrange, so just only need can realize lower cost and littler weight 1/3rd array element direct-drive according to the mode of subsidiary two dummy arguments of each feed array element.
Well-known in addition; The reliability of system is inversely proportional to the component count that constitutes this system; More component count promptly mean low more system reliability; So the present invention also can improve the reliability of system effectively through the quantity that reduces required component on the basis that does not reduce array performance.
Though the array among the present invention is a kind of thinned array, with common aperiodic thinned array compare, at aspects such as method for designing, electric properties bigger difference is arranged.At first; Common aperiodic thinned array need pass through special optimizing process could arrive electrical properties such as Low Sidelobe; For the less array of bore, perhaps this optimizing process can be accomplished quickly, but when relatively large, the required array element quantity of bore is more; The needed time of this optimizing process often is difficult to bear, and increases the design time and the design difficulty of array greatly.And the periodic antenna array among the present invention can directly adopt ripe relatively in decades achievement in research, designs the antenna array of different performance.Secondly the periodic array that common aperiodic, thinned array bore efficient was often more closely arranged is low; When as high-gain, high-resolution phased array antenna; The utilance of this precious resources of antenna aperture is also determining indexs such as the construction cost, structural design difficulty of phased array system directly or indirectly, and less array bore efficient is often also indicating the failure of array design; But for the periodic array among the present invention, then have the high calibre efficient and the less advantages such as feed array element quantity of thinned array of common densely covered periodic array concurrently, overcome the shortcoming of common aperiodic of thinned array preferably.More than some only is several exemplary of numerous beneficial effects of having of the present invention, to improving shortcomings such as present phased array antenna system cost is high, weight is big substantial role is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the mutual coupling sketch map between array element in the common linearly disposed antenna array;
Fig. 1 (b) is the mutual coupling sketch map between array element in the ordinary two dimensional antenna array;
Fig. 2 (a) is one of novel array element and linear array topology example among the present invention;
Fig. 2 (b) be among the present invention novel array element and linear array topology example two;
Fig. 2 (c) be among the present invention novel array element and linear array topology example three;
Fig. 2 (d) be among the present invention novel array element and linear array topology example four;
Fig. 3 (a) is one of novel two-dimensional array array element example among the present invention;
Fig. 3 (b) is the two-dimensional antenna battle array topology example that is made up of first kind of two-dimensional array array element among the present invention;
Fig. 4 (a) be among the present invention novel two-dimensional array array element example two;
Fig. 4 (b) is the two-dimensional antenna battle array topology example that is made up of second kind of two-dimensional array array element among the present invention;
Fig. 5 (a) be among the present invention novel two-dimensional array array element example three;
Fig. 5 (b) is the two-dimensional antenna battle array topology example that is made up of the third two-dimensional array array element among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the microstrip antenna (in this usefulness as specific embodiments example of the present invention) of differential feed;
Fig. 7 (a) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on first kind of linear array structure among the present invention (like one of Fig. 2 E face array example a);
Fig. 7 (b) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on first kind of linear array structure among the present invention (like two of Fig. 2 E face array example a);
Fig. 7 (c) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on one of E face array example of second kind of linear array structure (like Fig. 2 b) among the present invention;
Fig. 7 (d) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on one of E face array example of the third linear array structure (like Fig. 2 c) among the present invention;
Fig. 8 (a) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on first kind of linear array structure among the present invention (like one of Fig. 2 H face array example a);
Fig. 8 (b) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on first kind of linear array structure among the present invention (like two of Fig. 2 H face array example a);
Fig. 8 (c) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on one of H face array example of second kind of linear array structure (like Fig. 2 b) among the present invention;
Fig. 8 (d) by microstrip antenna array element constitute, based on one of H face array example of the third linear array structure (like Fig. 2 c) among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the gain emulation and the test curve of four unit phased array antenna;
Figure 10 is the reflection coefficient emulation and the test curve of four unit phased array antenna;
Figure 11 is the Direction Pattern Simulation and the test curve of four unit phased array antenna;
Figure 12 is a novel phased array system sketch map among the present invention;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be that array element is elaborated to technical scheme of the present invention with the microstrip antenna, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to said exemplifying embodiment.
Fig. 1 (a) has described among the linearly disposed antenna array 1a, the mutual coupling situation that array element is 11, and the mutual coupling between adjacent array element will be significantly higher than non-adjacent array element.Similarly, Fig. 1 (b) has described the mutual coupling of 12 of array elements among the two-dimensional antenna battle array 1b, and same adjacent array element mutual coupling will be significantly higher than non-adjacent array element or diagonal angle array element, so only consider the mutual coupling between adjacent array element in the present invention.As an example, the one-dimensional linear array 1a that establishes shown in Fig. 1 (a) is E face (or H face) array, and i is individual so just can use C with i+1 mutual coupling existing between elements
E(or C
H) expression.In common phased array antenna design process, people often hope to eliminate or suppress to greatest extent C
E(or C
H), the method for employing comprises and powers up tape gap structure etc., makes that final array structure is complicated, design and processing cost increase, and also can reduce the reliability of array simultaneously.For two-dimensional array 1b, also there is same problem, can suppose that the E face of this array and the coincidence of xz face, H face and yz face overlap, people adopt multiple special means to suppress C
E, C
HOr both, also can bring the problem such as array structure and cost of above-mentioned complicacy.
In the present invention; The scheme of taking is not the mutual coupling that suppresses between array element; But strengthen and control it; Make that part array element can directly encourage through the mutual coupling energy delivered in the array, the energy that is provided by feeding network so just can more reasonably be distributed on the bore of array through mutual coupling, thereby reaches the array element quantity that improves antenna array efficient, reduces direct feed, the purpose that reduces the antenna array cost.
When making up the One-dimension Phased Array antenna; Feed array element, coupling network and dummy argument are distributed on the axis of array; Can be directly through controlling the amplitude and the phase place of feed array element and coupling network; The electric field or the electric current that reach all array elements on the array bore distribute according to needed rule, realize beam scanning or conversion.Fig. 2 (a) has provided example how to utilize mutual coupling to make up first kind of linear antenna arrays.Wherein each feed array element 201 is surrounded by two dummy arguments 202 and is formed a new array element 21, and new array element 21 is arranged on the horizontal direction with cycle 2d, forms a periodicity linear array 2a uniformly.In new array 2a, for feed array element 201, this array is sparse.It should be noted that this array does not receive restrictions such as polarization, horizontal direction can be the E face or the H face of array, is suitable for too for forms such as circular polarization, dual polarizations simultaneously.Through coupled structure 203 between appropriate design feed array element 201 and the dummy argument 202, the band phase shift function; Mutual coupling between them just can reasonably be controlled; Make the energy and the feed array element 201 that are coupled on the dummy argument 202 on amplitude and phase place, be consistent, at this moment this novel array 2a just penetrates array for side.Indexs such as the directional diagram of feed array element 201 and 202 pairs of antennas of dummy argument, gain play a part of equal importance at this moment; For the bore of array 2a; This array can equivalently be the periodically densely covered generic array of radiation array element (comprising feed array element 201 and dummy argument 202), so can realize and the densely covered suitable radiance of array of common cycle.Equally, through regulating coupled structure 203 rightly, can reach the purpose of control mutual coupling amplitude and phase place, the beam scanning of whole phased array antenna and ability to transform just can be realized through amplitude and the phase place of controlling feed array element 201 and coupling network 203 simultaneously.In antenna array 2a; The quantity of feed array element 201 only is 1/2nd of total array number; The quantity of connected each radio frequency, microwave, millimeter wave or submillimeter wave assembly just can be reduced to 1/2nd of generic array, thereby reduces the cost of whole phased array antenna greatly.Can find out; Such design not only possesses thinned array low cost, advantage that feed array element is few; The characteristics such as high calibre efficient, Low Sidelobe that on radiation characteristic, also possess simultaneously common densely covered periodic array; Moreover relevant common densely covered periodic array design theory and method also can directly apply in the design of this array, avoided a series of troubles that aperiodic, thinned array designed.
Fig. 2 (b) has provided novel array element 22 and the second kind of linear array topology example 2b among the present invention.In this scheme, each feed array element 201 is surrounded by two dummy arguments 202, forms a new array element 22, so the quantity of feed array element 201 is 1/3rd of total array element quantity, and other three/second is the dummy argument 202 through utilizing the mutual coupling indirect feed.So can reduce the cost and the weight of phased array system to a great extent.
Fig. 2 (c) has provided novel array element 23 and the third linear array topology example 2c among the present invention.Each dummy argument 202 is surrounded by two feed array elements 201 in this scheme, forms to be array element, to be the novel array 2c in cycle with 3d with new array element 23.Wherein as far as feed array element 201; This array is a novel thinned array; Have the coupled structure 203 of phase shift function through adjusting, on dummy argument 202 and feed array element 201, can obtain desirable electric current or Electric Field Distribution, make on the radiating aperture of array 2c; Array element (comprising feed array element 201 and dummy argument 202) can equivalence be the densely covered arrangement of d for the cycle, so have equally and the suitable radiance of common densely covered periodic array.Equally, the beam scanning of whole phased array antenna and ability to transform just can be through the amplitudes and phase place realization of controlling feed array element 201 and coupling network 203 simultaneously.Simultaneously, compare the densely covered array (cycle is d) of common periodicity, this array can be practiced thrift a large amount of costs equally and alleviate a lot of weight.
Fig. 2 (d) has provided novel array element 24 and the 4th kind of linear array topology example 2d among the present invention.Though feed array element 201 also is to be staggered on horizontal direction with dummy argument 202 in this array 2d; But each feed array element 201 is that a dummy argument 202 provides energy through the coupled structure 203 with phase shift function; So in this array 2d; Each new array element 24 is made up of a feed array element 201 and a dummy argument 202, can practice thrift half the feed array element quantity for novel phase array.
When being used to make up two-dimensional array; Two kinds of feasible methods are arranged; The first is arranged in feed array element, dummy argument and corresponding coupling network on the dimension; On another dimension, then arrange,, be implemented in the sparse two dimensional phased array antenna of arranging of feed array element on the dimension through amplitude and the phase place of controlling feed element and coupling network simultaneously according to the form of common densely covered array; It two is simultaneously feed array element, dummy argument and corresponding coupling network to be arranged on two dimensions, through the amplitude and the phase place of control feed array element and coupling network, is implemented in that feed array element is sparse two dimensional phased array antenna of arranging on two dimensions.Other forms of curved surface phased array antenna can be made up by same construction method.Below three examples be primarily aimed at that feed array element is sparse two dimensional phased array antenna of arranging on two dimensions.
Fig. 3 (a) has provided an example 31 of this novel two-dimensional and periodic thinned array array element, and (i+1 j+1) is feed array element 301 to array element among the figure, and all the other are dummy argument 302, and four borders of array element are cycle boundary.Through four coupled structures 303,304 on controlling level face and the vertical plane with phase shift function, just can control the mutual coupling between feed array element 301 and the dummy argument 302 flexibly, reach the purpose that electromagnetic energy is redistributed by required amplitude and phase place requirement.Utilize the array array element 31 among Fig. 3 (a) can construct the two-dimensional antenna array structure 32 shown in Fig. 3 (b), realize feed array element 301 level with vertical aspect on be the characteristic of sparse distribution.Simultaneously, the beam scanning of whole phased array antenna and ability to transform can be realized through amplitude and the phase place of controlling feed array element 301 and coupling network 303,304 simultaneously.In this array; Each feed array element 31 is all surrounded by four dummy arguments 302; As far as whole array 32, the ratio of feed array element 301 and dummy argument 302 is 1: 2, and the quantity of feed array element is 1/3rd of array array element total quantity; So reduce the needed output port number of feeding network greatly, promptly mean and significantly to reduce feeding network loss and array cost and weight.
Fig. 4 (a) has provided the two-dimensional antenna battle array topology example 42 that is made up of second kind of two-dimensional array array element 41 among the present invention, and wherein each feed array element 401 is surrounded by three dummy arguments 402, forms triangular array array element 41 forms.Coupled structure 403,404 through having phase shift function on controlling level and the vertical direction can reach the purpose of flexible control mutual coupling equally, thereby can control phase place and the amplitude that is coupled to the electromagnetic energy on the dummy argument.Utilize this array element can construct the novel two-dimensional and periodic thinned array 42 shown in Fig. 4 (b), the quantity of feed array element 401 is merely 1/3rd of common densely covered array in this array.
Fig. 5 (a) has provided the two-dimensional antenna battle array topology example 52 that is made up of the third two-dimensional array array element 51 among the present invention.Wherein per two feed array elements 501 are surrounded by two dummy arguments 502, form an annular array array element 51.Same coupled structure 503,504 through having phase shift function on controlling level and the vertical direction can reach the purpose of flexible control mutual coupling, and then can control phase place and the amplitude that is coupled to the electromagnetic energy on the dummy argument 502.Utilize this array element can construct the third two-dimensional and periodic thinned array 52 shown in Fig. 5 (b), the quantity of feed array element is merely 1/2nd of common densely covered array in this array.
Below only be based on of the present invention numerous about seven examples in the peacekeeping two dimension thinned array feasible program; In addition, all thinned arrays that make up based on mutual coupling control thought, have low cost, performance such as in light weight all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Simultaneously; The novel phased array antenna that makes up among the present invention does not receive the restriction of array element form; Can realize by different array element forms; For example microstrip antenna, slot antenna, half-wave dipole or the like can be used for the phased array antenna of various operating frequencies and various polarization simultaneously, like medium wave, shortwave, radio frequency, microwave, millimeter wave and submillimeter wave etc.
For this working of an invention mode more specifically is described, be that example is explained in detail with the microstrip antenna at this.Fig. 6 has provided the microstrip antenna 61 of two probe differential feeds, respectively comprises radiation patch 601, microstrip antenna ground 602, distributing point 603, Supporting Media 604 and the feed probes 606 that is connected with joint 605 with feed.When utilizing the present invention to make up linear little band phased array antenna, consider factors such as polarization, can make up multiple aerial array form, the little band phased array antenna of E face for example as shown in Figure 7, little band phased array antenna of H face as shown in Figure 8 etc.
When utilizing array 2a shown in Fig. 2 (a) and array element structure 21 to make up the little band phased array antenna of E upper thread property 7a (shown in Fig. 7 (a)); Each active microstrip antenna array element 701 is surrounded by two passive microstrip antenna array element 702; Constitute periodically sparse microstrip antenna array of one dimension, the novel array that it is is the arrangement of base cycle property with novel array element 71.The coupled structure 703 that wherein has phase shift function has multiple implementation method, for example is with line structure, and its phase place can be controlled through phase shifter or ferroelectric material (Ferroelectric material) or the like.Directly link together between coupled structure 703 and the array array element, or design, reach control coupling amount but purposes such as not appreciable impact array element directional diagram through the mode of edge coupled.Through optimizing coupled structure 703, the purpose that the electric current 704 that can realize (comprising feed array element 701 and dummy argument 702) in each microstrip array unit distributes according to needed mode.Through control feed array element 701 and the amplitude of coupled structure 703 and the scanning that phase place just can realize wave beam.
Likewise, utilize array and array element structure shown in Fig. 2 (a), the little band phased array antenna of E upper thread property 7b that also can design of graphics 7 (b).In array 7b, feed array element 701, dummy argument 702, coupled structure 703 can be according to carrying out with array 7a similar methods.Institute's difference is that the array in the reality is limited big array, and the initial array element of array 7a is dummy argument 702, and the initial array element of array 7b then is feed array element 701, and both all can realize needed CURRENT DISTRIBUTION 704.
Utilize array 2a, 2b and array element structure 22,23 shown in Fig. 2 (b) and 2 (c), can construct E upper thread property little band phased array antenna 7c and 7d shown in Fig. 7 (c) and Fig. 7 (d).They each with novel array element 73,74 periodic arrangement on horizontal direction, reaching feed array element is the purpose of cycle sparse characteristic.Likewise, utilize array 2d and array element structure 24 shown in Fig. 2 (d), also can correspondingly construct other a kind of new E-plane linear microband antenna array, repeat no more here.
Utilize the present invention can make up the little band phased array antenna of H upper thread property equally; Utilize and the similar array structure of the little band phased array antenna of E face; Obtain array 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d shown in Fig. 8 (a) and (b), (c), (d) respectively; Periodically be arranged on the horizontal direction by array element 81,82,83,84 respectively, feed array element 801 is not quite similar with dummy argument 802 shared ratios in the wherein different array structures, has determined the cost structure of these array example.Say that further when utilizing the present invention to make up linearity and the two-dimentional micro-strip antenna array of other polarization, the array of its thought and Fig. 7, Fig. 8 is similar, provides no longer one by one here.Though along with the difference of array-element antenna form, there is very big difference in constructed aerial array on version, all based on the array design thought among the present invention, so all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Utilize the array structure of Fig. 7 (b) and the microstrip array unit of Fig. 6 can construct the little band phased array antenna of E upper thread property, this antenna array is made up of four feed array elements and three dummy arguments.What wherein coupled structure adopted is the microstrip line form; Directly link to each other through probe with microstrip antenna array element; Coupled structure realizes through phase-shifting unit the control of phase place, because of this instance has been merely explanation concrete way of realization of the present invention, so only adopted fixed phase shifter.Fig. 9 and 10 has provided the emulation and the test result of this instance reflection coefficient and gain, and this array works in 4.6GHz, can realize the gain of 14dBi and be lower than-reflection coefficient of 20dB.Owing to the bigger loss of sum of errors used medium material that antenna model is made, cause the deviation of simulation result and experimental result.Figure 11 has provided the E face directional diagram of this array when 4.6GHz, and beam position is 14 °, and simulation result and experimental result have realized coincideing preferably.
Figure 12 has provided the applying examples of this invention in phased array system, and this system comprises novel phased array antenna 121, signal source 123 and other front end assemblies 122 that utilizes the present invention to make up among the figure.In different system schemas; Included assembly and the connected mode of front end assemblies 122 is also different; Comprise transmitting-receiving subassembly (or claiming the T/R assembly) 127 in this example; Phase shifter 128, power division network 129, these assemblies have occupied the cost and the weight of the phased array antenna overwhelming majority, and by the loss that the multiport power division network causes also are considerable.Comprise dummy argument 124, feed array element 125, coupled structure 126 in the antenna array 121; Feed array element only accounts for 1/3rd of total array number in this example; So utilize the new phased array system that makes up of the present invention only to need the transmitting-receiving subassembly 127 and phase shifter 128 of original system 1/3rd; Simultaneously the output port quantity of power division network 129 also is reduced to originally 1/3rd, has reduced its loss greatly, and equivalence is for increased the gain of array indirectly.
More than be the description to the present invention and embodiment thereof that provides to the engineers and technicians that are familiar with field of the present invention, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative, but not determinate.The thought that engineers and technicians can invent in claims is in view of the above done concrete operation enforcement, under the spirit and scope of the present invention prerequisite that does not break away from the accompanying claims definition, can make various variations in form with on the details to it.Above-mentioned these all should be regarded as coverage of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the low-cost phased array antenna based on mutual coupling control comprises direct feed array element, dummy argument (non-direct feed array element), coupled structure and feeding network; It is characterized in that: said phased array antenna constitutes radiating aperture jointly by feed array element (array element of direct feed) and dummy argument (non-direct feed array element); Feed array element is through the feeding network direct-drive; Dummy argument is then through mutual coupling indirect excitation, and it is sparse and the array bore is the novel cyclic array that gathers forming feed element.
2. a kind of low-cost phased array antenna according to claim 1 based on mutual coupling control; It is characterized in that: the coupled structure of said phased array antenna utilization band phase shifter is controlled the amplitude and the phase place of mutual coupling existing between elements, and then controls electric current or the electric field that is evoked by mutual coupling on the adjacent dummy argument flexibly; The beam scanning of whole phased array antenna and ability to transform are then realized through amplitude and the phase place of controlling feed array element and coupling network simultaneously.
3. according to the described a kind of low-cost phased array antenna of claim 1 to 2 based on mutual coupling control; It is characterized in that: through feed array element, dummy argument and corresponding coupled structure are arranged on the dimension; Control the wherein amplitude and the phase place of feed array element and coupling network, realize the One-dimension Phased Array antenna; Through feed array element, dummy argument and corresponding coupled structure are arranged on one or two dimension, control on the dimension or control two feed array element and the amplitude and phase places of coupling network on the dimension simultaneously, realize two kinds of two dimensional phased array antennas; Employing and the same method of two dimensional phased array antenna make up the curved surface phased array antenna.
4. according to the described a kind of low-cost phased array antenna of claim 1 to 3 based on mutual coupling control; It is characterized in that: the amplitude through control feed array element and coupling network and the phased array antenna of phase place structure do not receive the restriction of array element form, are applicable to each frequency range and various polarization simultaneously.
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| CN110112566A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-09 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of phased array antenna system of big broadband high radiation efficiency |
| CN110112566B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2021-02-09 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Phased array antenna system with large broadband and high radiation efficiency |
| CN111353605A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-06-30 | 电子科技大学 | Novel plane molecular array antenna array comprehensive array arrangement method based on improved genetic algorithm |
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