CN102615870B - Light sandwich-structure composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light sandwich-structure composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light sandwich-structure composite material and a preparation method of the light sandwich-structure composite material, belonging to the field of materials and relating to a weft knitting duel-axial fabric. The light sandwich-structure composite material takes a jute weft knitting duel-axial fabric as a surface layer and a straw core material as an intermediate layer and is prepared by performing hot pressing on the fabric and the core material and polypropylene chopped fibers. The weight of the light sandwich-structure composite material is lighter than a jute fabric reinforced polypropylene layer composite layer with the same thickness by 10-25%, the tensile strength is 23.5-50.2Mpa, and the flexural strength is 32.6-75.2Mpa. The surface layer fabric of the composite material can bring the characteristics of high strength and high modulus of yarns into full play, and simultaneously has unique excellent forming property. The sources of raw materials of a straw core layer are rich, and the straw core layer has the characteristics of low density, easiness in compression, good heat insulation, etc. The light sandwich-structure composite material can replace wood or synthetic fibers such as glass. The composite material can meet the general requirements of mechanical property; in addition, on the aspect of civil use, the light sandwich-structure composite material can be used as a non-load-carrying structure or a partial load carrying part and has vast potential for future development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Material Field, particularly a kind of polymer matrix composites.
Background technology
Light sandwich-structure composite material is owing to having the characteristic of " high-strength light ", swift and violent in nearly development decades.Core filled composite material structure is called " sandwich structure " visually, and this structure is generally be made up of trilaminate material, and the surface layer up and down of this material is high strength, high modulus material, and intermediate layer (core) is thicker light material.At present, the sandwich material for composite " sandwich " structure mainly contains the large class of cardiac stimulant felt, rigid foam, honeycomb and cork wood four.Rigid foam mainly contains polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), PEI (PEI) and acrylonitrile one styrene (SAN or AS), Polymethacrylimide (PMI), thermoplastic polyethylene (PET) etc.Cellular sandwich material has glass cloth honeycomb, NOMEX honeycomb, cotton honeycomb, aluminium honeycomb etc.The intensity of honeycomb sandwich construction is high, good rigidly, but honeycomb is open-celled structure, little with the bond area of upper and lower panel, and adhesive effect does not generally have foam good.Cork wood sandwich material is a kind of natural prodcuts, and the common cork wood sandwich in market is Balsa cork wood, and its fiber has good intensity and toughness, is particularly suitable for composite material sandwich structure.
The research of sandwich structure (sandwich) and production, so far existing six more than ten years history, nineteen forty-three Britain professor Hai Er adopts the wing of sandwich design aircraft first time, and what it was surperficial is Mahogany, sandwich material be Barcelona wood.In order to improve timber easily moist, perishable and fire-hazardous shortcoming, Si Wote Aircraft Company of the U.S. thousand, when manufacturing " dirk formula " aircraft wing, have employed aluminum sheet and does surface.Along with the development of the composites such as fiberglass, heat resistance and electrical property all well GFRP honeycomb sandwich structure and glass fiber reinforced plastic foam sandwich are succeeded in developing, use in aircraft, boats and ships, vehicle, building etc. increases year by year, and has become radome production application specific architecture material.The sandwich structure sandwich material making panel with carbon fiber, boron fiber composite appears in aviation, aerospace industry in a large number.In recent years, no matter core filled composite material was at output, sales volume or in production technology, production technology, new-product development etc., all obtained fast development.
Textile structural composite materials is due to the mechanical property of its excellence and relatively low price, and its application almost penetrates into every field, as fields such as Aero-Space, car and boat manufacture, building trade, health care, sports goods.In order to reduce to the damage of fiber and due to the effect of flexing reduction load in braiding process, people adopt Non crimp fabric (non-crimp Fabric is called for short NCF) as the reinforcement of composite material for weaving.NCF is made up of the fiber bundle layer be arranged in a linear in particular directions, and fibre bundle arranges one by one with specific direction, and uses thinner yarn to be fixed by knitting method.NCF fabric is except reducing except the damage of fiber, also improve the performance etc. on interlaminar shear strength, damage tolerance, thickness direction, as the enhancing structure of composite, it had both overcome the problem of the yarn property utilization rate reduction that woven fabric causes because of yarn flexing, which in turn improve the defect that laminated fabric is in use easy to delamination, thus there is vast potential for future development.
The present invention biaxially serves as a contrast yarn woven fabric (Multi-layered Biaxial Weft KnittedFabrics with jute weft knitting, MBWK, namely be utilize knitting fundamental line coil structures will through broadwise jute lining yarn straight be strapped in fabric, make two axially to serve as a contrast yarn and present straight configuration, thus play it to greatest extent and strengthen the property) as the surface layer up and down of lightweight sandwich structure, as the main support component of this sandwich structure composite.Weft knitting biaxially serves as a contrast yarn woven fabric bi-axial fabric and has excellent tensile property and good formability, is that the good composite material for weaving of current combination property strengthens structure.
Chinese sorghum class straw is a natural material being worth exploitation, and its stalk core material aboundresources, has the feature of light weight, inexpensive and easy processing.This stalk all makees the feed of fuel or animal traditionally, is also only confined on fuel and feed its exploitation.Straw core material is perforated tubular arrangement architecture.This structures shape its there is low-density, easily compress, the characteristic such as heat insulation.The present invention it can be used as the sandwich material of composite to use according to the characteristic of stalk core material.It is the same as the function of interlayer with wood materials, but stalk core material is lighter, and softer, also more easily process, it can directly add compression molding in material, and time shaping, core material can be pressed into any mold shape.Tossa is a kind of bast fiber, comes from nature, environmental sound, biodegradable, cheap, has higher specific modulus, specific strength, be applicable to making the composite material reinforcement body required compared with high-mechanic.China's jute aboundresources, applicating history is long, adopt jute natural fiber substitute or replace the reinforcement of the material such as timber, glass fibre as polymer composites, at environment purification, preventing pollution, substitute harmful substance, reduce discarded object and effectively utilize in the renewable resources of natural resources and material etc. there is positive effect.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of light sandwich-structure composite material and manufacture method thereof.
Described light sandwich-structure composite material is upper and lower surface layer with jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric, using Chinese sorghum class straw core material as the light sandwich-structure composite material in intermediate layer; Described light sandwich-structure composite material by jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric surface layer and stalk core material and the hot pressing of polypropylene short fiber obtain, described light sandwich-structure composite material hot strength is 23.5-50.2Mpa, and bending strength is 32.6-75.2Mpa;
Being respectively through broadwise lining yarn density of described jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric: warp count 12 pieces/inch, weft count is 24 pieces/inch.Be organized as 1+1 rib-loop fundamentally, play the effect of bondage through broadwise jute lining yarn.Weft yarn is gripped by the loop pillar of rib construction, and laying-in yarn is clamped by the stuffer weft on two sides, and described laying-in yarn and stuffer weft are tossa lining yarn, and the tossa lining yarn in fabric is straight configuration.
Described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber mass ratio is 1: 1-2.3.
Described sorghum category straw core preparation method for material is as follows: the stalk choosing fineness degree close is some, peels off clean, stalk core material is cut into the segment with certain average length for subsequent use by outer for stalk sclerderm.Then these stalk core material segments Jute thread and yarn identical with jute bi-axial fabric is worn connection, after making to wear connection, arrangement width is consistent with strip width, thus forms Chinese sorghum class stalk core material, the sandwich mid layer section be namely made up of stalk core material segment.
Light sandwich-structure composite material manufacture method comprise the steps: described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric, the straw core bed of material and polypropylene short fiber carry out interval laying, megila, stalk sandwich layer upper and lower surface are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press begins to warm to 60 DEG C from room temperature, the megila of above-mentioned interval laying, stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber are placed on hot press, continue to be warmed up to 90-100 DEG C, be forced into (3-8) MPa, pressurize is warming up to 150-170 DEG C, be warming up to 195 DEG C after insulation 10min, after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min, naturally cool to room temperature.
Described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber mass ratio is 1: 1-2.3.
Beneficial effect:
Compared with prior art, have employed jute bi-axial fabric is surface layer to the manufacture method of composite of the present invention, and stalk core material is intermediate layer, is uniformly mixed to form prefabricated component with polypropylene short fiber, utilizes heat pressing process to prepare composite.The method is easy to operation, and with low cost, relative molding cycle is shorter, and product thickness change easily, does not have discarded object to produce, is conducive to the protection of environment in preparation process, meets green requirement of producing.
Renewable tossa of the present invention is a kind of recyclability natural plant fibre, not only as the substitute of timber, part can also replace the synthetic fibers such as glass.Lightweight sandwich structure fabric reinforced composite prepared by the present invention can meet General Mechanics performance requirement, particularly in civilian, can be used as non-bearing structure and part load-carrying construction parts, as upholstery material etc., will vast potential for future development be had.
In the present invention, the feature of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric is: (1) structure is simple, is easy to machine-shaping and technique adjustment; (2) the longitude and latitude lining yarn flat arrangement in fabric, can give full play to the strength and stiffness of fiber; Increase the tensile mechanical properties of composite; (3) be applicable to various yarn, there is good designability and shuffling.
Jute weft knitting of the present invention biaxially serves as a contrast the manufacture method of yarn woven fabric compared with prior art, have chosen the primary raw material of jute as weft-knitted bi-axial fabric, can make full use of the excellent mechanical property of jute and resources advantage; And utilizing weft-knitted biax weaving method biaxially to serve as a contrast yarn woven fabric to process jute weft knitting, low in raw material price, can save production cost, the reinforcement of the environment-friendly composite material of development of new high-quality, does not produce chemical waste, environmentally safe simultaneously.
Invention has the feature such as lightweight, insulation (10 hour in range of temperature at 5-8 DEG C), sound insulation, easy-formation of top layer two-way lining yarn woven fabric at warp-wise and the excellent mechanical property of broadwise and EAC and core material.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
The position configuration schematic diagram of Fig. 1 knitting needle and yarn
Fig. 2 jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric and stalk core material laying position
The technological process of Fig. 3 composite material hot-pressed formation
Detailed description of the invention
The method for weaving of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric of the present invention, the weft knitting utilizing this school composite to develop biaxially serves as a contrast yarn machine (Liang Ziqing, Qiu Guanxiong, Zhou Qing etc. publish thesis exercise question be weft-knitted bi-axial fabric composite ballisticimpact response, carry out the braiding of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric textile journal, 2010, Vol.24 (12): 37:39.), wherein describe weft knitting and biaxially serve as a contrast yarn machine, see accompanying drawing 1.The yarn guide of three groups of yarns is needle-bar putting in order as stuffer weft yarn guide, laying-in yarn yarn guide, stocking yarn yarn guide to rear needle-bar in the past.Stuffer weft yarn guide and stocking yarn yarn guide are arranged on head, move with Triangulum, before stocking yarn and stuffer weft being fed to pin respectively from transverse direction during lopping braiding and latter two position of pin.Along needle-bar direction horizontally, each yarn guide is between two pieces of knitting needles, and yarn guide spacing is identical with needle gage for warp thread yarn guide, from longitudinally feeding yarn.The feeding form of three kinds of yarns on machine is shown in Fig. 1.Wherein 1 is laying-in yarn, and 2 is stuffer weft, and 3 is terylene bundled yarn, and 4 is knitting needle.
Be woven into the biaxially lining yarn woven fabric (warp count 12 pieces/inch, weft count is 24 pieces/inch) as surface layer, bondage is organized as 1+1 rib-loop, and bondage tissue 3 is terylene bundled yarn.This is biaxially served as a contrast yarn woven fabric as surface layer, stalk core material is that laying is carried out in intermediate layer, as shown in Figure 2.Even lay acrylic resin short fiber is distinguished at the upper and lower surface of this fabric and stalk sandwich layer.
The manufacture method of light sandwich-structure composite material of the present invention, be characterised in that the method adopt described in jute bi-axial fabric and stalk core material as the reinforcement of composite, adopt hot-press method to manufacture composite board with acrylic resin short fiber, see accompanying drawing 2.The method of manufacture light sandwich-structure composite material of the present invention is: adopt above-mentioned jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric as surface layer, prepare the lightweight sandwich composite board of different process respectively with the quality proportioning (1: 1-1: 2.3) of different laying number (layer 2-4) and stalk core material and resin.Concrete hot pressing flow process is shown in Fig. 3.
Provide the several specific embodiment of the present invention below:
Embodiment 1: be upper and lower surface layer with 2 layers of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabrics, jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric and stalk core material 2 layers carry out hot pressing light compound material board material with polypropylene short fiber according to the ratio of mass ratio 1: 1, and hot pressing temperature constant interval is 60 DEG C-195 DEG C.
Interval laying is carried out in described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber, and every layer of megila, stalk layer two sides are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press is heated to 60 DEG C, is placed on hot press, is warmed up to 100 DEG C by the megila of above-mentioned interval laying and stalk and polypropylene short fiber, be forced into 3MPa, pressurize is warming up to 160 DEG C, is warming up to 195 DEG C, naturally cools to room temperature after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min after insulation 10min.
Embodiment 2: be upper and lower surface layer with 2 layers of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabrics, this fabric and stalk core material 2 layers carry out hot pressing light compound material board material with polypropylene short fiber according to the ratio of mass ratio 1: 1.5, and hot pressing temperature constant interval is 60 DEG C-195 DEG C.
Interval laying is carried out in described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber, and every layer of megila, stalk layer two sides are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press is heated to 60 DEG C, is placed on hot press, is warmed up to 100 DEG C by the megila of above-mentioned interval laying and stalk and polypropylene short fiber, be forced into 3MPa, pressurize is warming up to 160 DEG C, is warming up to 195 DEG C, naturally cools to room temperature after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min after insulation 10min.
Embodiment 3: be upper and lower surface layer with 2 layers of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabrics, this fabric and stalk core material 2 layers carry out hot pressing light compound material board material with polypropylene short fiber according to the ratio of mass ratio 1: 2.3, and hot pressing temperature constant interval is 60 DEG C-195 DEG C.
Interval laying is carried out in described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber, and every layer of megila, stalk layer two sides are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press is heated to 60 DEG C, is placed on hot press, is warmed up to 100 DEG C by the megila of above-mentioned interval laying and stalk and polypropylene short fiber, be forced into 3MPa, pressurize is warming up to 160 DEG C, is warming up to 195 DEG C, naturally cools to room temperature after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min after insulation 10min.
Embodiment 4: be upper and lower surface layer with 4 layers of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabrics, this fabric and stalk core material 2 layers carry out hot pressing light compound material board material with polypropylene short fiber according to the ratio of mass ratio 1: 1, and hot pressing temperature constant interval is 60 DEG C-195 DEG C.
Interval laying is carried out in described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber, and every layer of megila, stalk layer two sides are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press is heated to 60 DEG C, is placed on hot press, is warmed up to 100 DEG C by the megila of above-mentioned interval laying and stalk and polypropylene short fiber, be forced into 6MPa, pressurize is warming up to 160 DEG C, is warming up to 195 DEG C, naturally cools to room temperature after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min after insulation 10min.
Embodiment 5: be upper and lower surface layer with 4 layers of jute weft knitting bi-axial fabrics, this fabric and stalk core material 4 layers carry out hot pressing light compound material board material with polypropylene short fiber according to the ratio of mass ratio 1: 1, and hot pressing temperature constant interval is 60 DEG C-195 DEG C.
Interval laying is carried out in described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber, and every layer of megila, stalk layer two sides are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press is heated to 60 DEG C, is placed on hot press, is warmed up to 100 DEG C by the megila of above-mentioned interval laying and stalk and polypropylene short fiber, be forced into 6MPa, pressurize is warming up to 160 DEG C, is warming up to 195 DEG C, naturally cools to room temperature after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min after insulation 10min.
The test of light sandwich-structure composite material plate property and result
For the light sandwich-structure composite material of described preparation, the light about 10-25% of its weight ratio same thickness jute knitted fabric RPP laminated composite.Stretch and bending property is the important mechanical property of the most fundamental sum of composite, it can reflect that composite opposing is extraneous and stretch and the power of bending force destruction ability.According to being applicable to fibre reinforced composites national standard (GB1447-83) at present and (GB1499-83) tests different process sheet material respectively.From test result analysis, the enhancing sheet material hot strength for different quality proportioning and different surface layer and the sandwich layer number of plies is 23.5-50.2Mpa, stretch modulus 2.1-4.9Gpa; Bending strength is 32.6-75.2Mpa, bending modulus 2.9-7.6Gpa.
Light sandwich-structure composite material mechanical property of the present invention is higher than conventional wooden slashings (hot strength 15-18Mpa, stretch modulus 1.0-2.4Gpa (Zheng Rong, Xian Xingjuan, Ye Yingwei, Deng. tossa/its performance evaluation of epoxy composite material base [J]. composite journal, 1995, (1): 18-24.)), meet or exceed similar string reinforced composite and (specifically see Wang Rui, Jiao Xiaoning, Guo Bingchen, Deng. the research and development [J] of flax fiber non-weaving cloth composite material. textile journal, 2003, (5): 15-17, Zeng Jingcheng, Xiao Jiayu, Liang Chongyun, etc. tossa strengthens polymer composites process and performance research [J]. About Frp/cm .2001, (3): 30-33, Liu Liyan, yellow event. preparation technology is on the impact of flax reinforced polypropylene compound material tensile property. and engineering plastics application .2005.Vol.33 (10): 24-27. etc.), the features such as its light weight, inexpensive, sound insulation and insulation that simultaneously can make full use of for civilian, as field of constructional ornament.
Claims (8)
1. a light sandwich-structure composite material, described light sandwich-structure composite material is upper and lower surface layer with jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric, it is characterized in that described intermediate layer is Chinese sorghum class straw core material; Described light sandwich-structure composite material by jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric surface layer and stalk core material and the hot pressing of polypropylene short fiber obtain, described light sandwich-structure composite material hot strength is 23.5-50.2Mpa, and bending strength is 32.6-75.2Mpa; Being respectively through broadwise lining yarn density of described jute weft knitting bi-axial fabric: warp count 12 pieces/inch, weft count is 24 pieces/inch; Be organized as 1+1 rib-loop fundamentally; Weft yarn is gripped by the loop pillar of rib construction, and laying-in yarn is clamped by the stuffer weft on two sides, and described laying-in yarn and stuffer weft are tossa lining yarn, and the tossa lining yarn in fabric is straight configuration; Described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber mass ratio is 1: 1-2.3; Described a kind of light sandwich-structure composite material is by following methods, and interval laying is carried out in described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric, the straw core bed of material and polypropylene short fiber, and megila, stalk sandwich layer upper and lower surface are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press begins to warm to 60 DEG C from room temperature, the megila of above-mentioned interval laying, stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber are placed on hot press, continue to be warmed up to 90-100 DEG C, be forced into 3-8MPa, pressurize is warming up to 150-170 DEG C, be warming up to 195 DEG C after insulation 10min, after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min, naturally cool to room temperature.
2. a kind of light sandwich-structure composite material as described in right 1, is characterized in that biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber mass ratio are 1: 1.5 in described jute weft knitting.
3. a kind of light sandwich-structure composite material as described in right 1, is characterized in that biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber mass ratio are 1: 2.3 in described jute weft knitting.
4. a kind of light sandwich-structure composite material as described in right 1, is characterized in that biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber mass ratio are 1: 1 in described jute weft knitting.
5. a kind of light sandwich-structure composite material as described in right 1, it is characterized in that described Chinese sorghum class straw core preparation method for material is as follows: the stalk choosing fineness degree close is some, outer for stalk sclerderm is peeled off clean, stalk core material is cut into the segment with certain average length for subsequent use; Then these stalk core material segments Jute thread and yarn identical with jute bi-axial fabric is worn connection, after making to wear connection, arrangement width is consistent with strip width, thus forms Chinese sorghum class stalk core material.
6. a kind of preparation method of light sandwich-structure composite material as described in right 1, comprise the steps: described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric, the straw core bed of material and polypropylene short fiber carry out interval laying, megila, stalk sandwich layer upper and lower surface are all covered with a layer polypropylene short fiber; Hot press begins to warm to 60 DEG C from room temperature, the megila of above-mentioned interval laying, stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber are placed on hot press, continue to be warmed up to 90-100 DEG C, be forced into 3-8MPa, pressurize is warming up to 150-170 DEG C, be warming up to 195 DEG C after insulation 10min, after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min, naturally cool to room temperature
Described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric and stalk core material and polypropylene short fiber mass ratio is 1: 1-2.3.
7. the preparation method of light sandwich-structure composite material as described in right 8, it is characterized in that described jute weft knitting biaxially knitted fabric surface layer laying number be layer 2-4.
8. the preparation method of light sandwich-structure composite material as described in right 9, is characterized in that described straw core bed of material laying number is layer 2-4.
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| CN104002487B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2016-07-06 | 盐城工业职业技术学院 | Automobile industry Radix Malvae sylvestris/PP local tubular knitted composite material thin plate preparation method |
| CN104480619A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-01 | 天津工业大学 | Jute biaxial weft knitted fabric reinforced polypropylene composite material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104908376A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 文峰 | Thermoplastic production method of natural fiber sheet, sheet and production method of mobile phone shell |
| CN105042219B (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-07-07 | 李忠利 | Rubber composite soft pipe of conveying LPG, LNG and severe corrosive chemical solvent and preparation method thereof |
| CN105156776A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-16 | 邵素英 | Hose for delivering liquefied natural gas and preparation method thereof |
| CN105175860B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-12-19 | 天津中天精科科技有限公司 | A kind of flexible pipe of corrosion-resistant and preparation method thereof |
| CN105202282A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-30 | 邵素英 | Radiation-resistant rubber pipe and preparation method thereof |
| CN105179827A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-23 | 北京科慧通智慧科技有限公司 | Acid-base resistant hose and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108895215A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2018-11-27 | 天津中天精科科技有限公司 | A kind of hose |
| CN105156778A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-16 | 北京科慧通智慧科技有限公司 | Antistatic hose and preparation method thereof |
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