CN102608063A - Measurement method for CO gas of three-channel infrared gas sensor - Google Patents

Measurement method for CO gas of three-channel infrared gas sensor Download PDF

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CN102608063A
CN102608063A CN2012101023529A CN201210102352A CN102608063A CN 102608063 A CN102608063 A CN 102608063A CN 2012101023529 A CN2012101023529 A CN 2012101023529A CN 201210102352 A CN201210102352 A CN 201210102352A CN 102608063 A CN102608063 A CN 102608063A
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gas
concentration
ratio
place
transmittance
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CN102608063B (en
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王书潜
任志雷
祁泽刚
连金锋
侯宗合
赵云祥
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Hanwei Technology Group Ltd By Share Ltd
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Henan Hanwei Electronics Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a measurement method for the CO gas of a three-channel infrared gas sensor. The measurement method comprises the following steps of: charging CO2 gases with different concentrations in a measurement gas chamber respectively, so as to establish a CO2 gas concentration query table; charging CO gases with different concentrations in the measurement gas chamber respectively, so as to establish a CO gas concentration query table; and charging a to-be-measured CO gas in the measurement gas chamber, and performing a gas concentration measurement. In the method disclosed by the invention, a corresponding relationship exists between a gas transmittance and a gas concentration, and the CO2 gas concentration query table and the CO gas concentration query table are established via a relationship between the ratio of the output signal of an infrared detection and the gas concentration, thus eliminating the influence on the measured concentration of the CO gas caused by CO2 contained in CO, and improving the accuracy of concentration measurement for the CO gas. Moreover, the method further can measure the concentration of the contained CO2 gas, and is especially suitable for concentration measurement for a low-concentration CO gas.

Description

The CO gas measuring method of triple channel infrared gas sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method of infrared gas sensor, specifically, related to a kind of CO gas measuring method of triple channel infrared gas sensor.
Background technology
As everyone knows; CO is the toxic gas of colorless and odorless; In industries such as chemical plant, mine, smelting iron and steel; Tend to produce a large amount of CO, and also contain a large amount of CO in the used natural gas of daily life, therefore detect CO safeguarding industrial safety production, prevention and poison and ensureing that life security has very significant meaning.In traditional CO pick-up unit mature technology; Mainly be to adopt catalysis or electrochemical sensor; And this type of sensor exists shortcoming such as be prone to poison, accuracy of detection is low, serviceable life is short; Therefore, the CO infrared sensor detection technique that has a good development prospect has received insider's generally attention.
Generally, CO 2Aerial concentration value is probably about 400PPm, and airborne CO concentration has only several PPm, and, CO 2Also there is certain absorption at the place at the 4.6um of CO absorption peak, therefore, and CO 2Particularly the measurement influence of low concentration is bigger to the measurement of CO infrared sensor.Usually, solve CO 2The method of disturbing is: add filtration unit in gas circuit the place ahead, the CO in the elimination CO gas to be measured 2Gas, but the effect of this method is not fine, also need regularly replace medium simultaneously, very inconvenience.
In order to solve the problem of above existence, people are seeking a kind of desirable technical solution always.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, can eliminate CO fully thereby provide a kind of to prior art 2To CO gasmetry influence and ability while measure CO and CO 2The CO gas measuring method of the triple channel infrared gas sensor of gas concentration.
To achieve these goals; The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: a kind of CO gas measuring method of triple channel infrared gas sensor; Comprise: the infrared light supply module is sent the wideband pulse infrared light, then three output of triple channel infrared gas detector output signal: the reference channel output signal at 4.0um absorption peak place
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, 4.26um absorption peak place CO 2Passage output signal
Figure 64718DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
CO passage output signal with 4.6um absorption peak place
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Three output signals have following relation:
Figure 80210DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
1-1
Figure 489195DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Wherein, The intensity of light source at expression 4.0um place, The light source intensity at expression 4.26um place,
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The light source intensity at expression 4.6um place, Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.0um place,
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.26um place, Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.6um place,
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The transmittance of air chamber is measured in expression,
Figure 612560DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Expression CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.26um place,
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Expression CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.6um place, Expression CO gas is in the transmittance at 4.6um place;
Can know that by Bill's Lambert law gas transmittance and gas concentration have following relation:
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
1-2
Wherein, k representes the absorption coefficient of gas, and c representes the concentration of gas, and l representes the absorption thickness of gas;
This measuring method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, set up CO 2Gas concentration question blank: when infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light, and in said measurement air chamber, feed the CO of variable concentrations respectively 2The time, then signal is exported in three of triple channel infrared gas detector outputs, by concerning that 1-1 can know following relation
Figure 826296DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Figure 49336DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
1-3
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Because the spectral distribution of same light source intensity is constant; Can know
Figure 613173DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
with the ratio of
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
be definite value; Simultaneously; The ratio of the responsiveness of same triple channel infrared eye different wave length also is a definite value; Then make
Figure 688707DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
and compare, can obtain the corresponding relation between the ratio of ratio,
Figure 808476DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
and of
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
and
Figure 73738DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
with
Figure 730613DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
1-4
Know that by aforementioned A is known definite value;
Make
Figure 213973DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
With
Figure 224654DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Compare, can obtain
Figure 379561DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
With
Figure 475693DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Ratio, CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.26um place
Figure 859401DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Between corresponding relation
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
1-5
Know that by aforementioned B is known definite value;
By concerning 1-4 and concerning 1-5, set up about CO 2Concentration,
Figure 678584DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
With
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Ratio, With Ratio between the CO of corresponding relation 2The gas concentration question blank;
Set up CO gas concentration question blank: when infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light; And when in said measurement air chamber, feeding the CO gas of variable concentrations respectively; Then signal is exported in three of triple channel infrared gas detector outputs, by concerning that 1-1 can know following relation
Figure 775218DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Figure 760492DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
1-6
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Make
Figure 7934DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and compare, get ratio, the corresponding relation of CO gas between the transmittance
Figure 99111DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
at 4.6um place of
Figure 840988DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and
Figure 618451DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
with
Figure 787581DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
1-7
Know that by aforementioned D is known definite value;
By concerning 1-7, set up CO gas concentration question blank about corresponding relation between the ratio of CO concentration,
Figure 578503DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
and
Figure 373283DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
;
Step 2, gas concentration measurement: when infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light, and in said measurement air chamber, feed CO gas to be measured, then three output of triple channel infrared gas detector output signals;
Based on concerning 1-1, make
Figure 67570DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Then, by
Figure 719131DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With
Figure 452863DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Ratio, through CO 2The gas concentration question blank checks in CO 2Concentration,
Figure 848072DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
With
Figure 334548DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Ratio, and then, according to the A value with concern 1-4, can calculate
Figure 422590DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
With
Figure 876574DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Ratio;
Based on concerning 1-1, make
Obtain relation
Figure 747578DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
1-8
Then; Ratio with
Figure 416457DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
with
Figure 360886DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
multiply by
Figure 849636DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
ratio with
Figure 789910DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
that A calculates; Again marriage relation 1-7 with concern 1-8; And, check in CO concentration through CO gas concentration question blank.
In this inventive method, there is corresponding relationship between the transmittance of gas and the gas concentration, export the ratio of signal and the relation between the gas concentration through utilizing infrared eye, set up CO 2With CO gas concentration question blank, eliminated the CO that is contained among the CO 2To the influence of measure CO gas concentration, the precision of raising CO gas concentration measurement is the contained CO of energy measurement also 2Concentration, be particularly suitable for the CO gas concentration measurement of low concentration.
Embodiment
Through embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed description below.
A kind of CO gas measuring method of triple channel infrared gas sensor comprises: the infrared light supply module is sent the wideband pulse infrared light, then three output of triple channel infrared gas detector output signal: the reference channel output signal at 4.0um absorption peak place
Figure 313295DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, 4.26um absorption peak place CO 2Passage output signal CO passage output signal with 4.6um absorption peak place
Figure 906137DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Three output signals have following relation:
Figure 384522DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 762414DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
1-1
Figure 51575DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Wherein,
Figure 514918DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
The intensity of light source at expression 4.0um place, The light source intensity at expression 4.26um place,
Figure 294972DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The light source intensity at expression 4.6um place,
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.0um place,
Figure 987990DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.26um place,
Figure 141891DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.6um place, The transmittance of air chamber is measured in expression,
Figure 49DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Expression CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.26um place, Expression CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.6um place,
Figure 301904DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Expression CO gas is in the transmittance at 4.6um place.
Can know by above formula, under same light source, the output signal
Figure 988100DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Can receive CO 2The responsiveness of concentration, detector And the transmittance of air chamber
Figure 246223DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Influence; The output signal
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Can receive CO concentration, CO 2The responsiveness of concentration, detector
Figure 859869DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Transmittance with air chamber
Figure 21860DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Common influence; With reference to the output signal
Figure 348936DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Only receive the responsiveness of detector
Figure 820238DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
With the air chamber transmittance
Figure 967185DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Influence.
Can know that by Bill's Lambert law gas transmittance and gas concentration have following relation:
Figure 932867DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
1-2
Wherein, k representes the absorption coefficient of gas, and c representes the concentration of gas, and l representes the absorption thickness of gas.
Can know that by Bill's Lambert law the concentration of gas and the transmittance of gas have relation one to one under the absorption coefficient situation consistent with absorption thickness.
This measuring method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, in said measurement air chamber, feed the CO of variable concentrations respectively 2Gas is to set up CO 2The gas concentration question blank:
When infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light, and in said measurement air chamber, feed the CO of variable concentrations 2The time, then signal is exported in three of triple channel infrared gas detector outputs, by concerning that 1-1 can know following relation
Figure 114450DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
1-3
Figure 255188DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Because the spectral distribution of same light source intensity is constant; Can know
Figure 92694DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
with the ratio of
Figure 658804DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
be definite value; Simultaneously; The ratio of the responsiveness of same triple channel infrared eye different wave length also is a definite value; Then make
Figure 881844DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
and compare, can obtain the corresponding relation between the ratio of ratio,
Figure 781612DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
and
Figure 578667DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
of
Figure 567221DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
and
Figure 937022DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
with
Figure 507998DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 125186DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
1-4
Know that by aforementioned A is known definite value;
Make With
Figure 230731DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Compare, can obtain
Figure 198687DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
With Ratio, CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.26um place
Figure 944106DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Between corresponding relation
Figure 760359DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
1-5
Know that by aforementioned B is known definite value;
By concerning 1-4 and concerning 1-5, set up about CO 2Concentration,
Figure 899217DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
With
Figure 154748DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Ratio,
Figure 670043DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With
Figure 842268DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Ratio between the CO of corresponding relation 2The gas concentration question blank, as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
CO 2Concentration
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Figure 89709DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With
Figure 894854DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
C1 A1 B1
C2 A2 B2
C3 A3 B3
C4 A4 B4
Can know by table 1, only need draw
Figure 636677DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With
Figure 476457DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Ratio, get final product CO 2Concentration.
In said measurement air chamber, feed the CO gas of variable concentrations respectively, to set up CO gas concentration question blank:
When infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light, and when in said measurement air chamber, feeding the CO gas of variable concentrations, three output of triple channel infrared gas detector output signals then are by concerning that 1-1 can know following relation
Figure 639771DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
1-6
Make
Figure 128838DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and compare, get ratio, the corresponding relation of CO gas between the transmittance
Figure 392887DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
at 4.6um place of and with
Figure 465885DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Figure 402300DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
1-7
Know that by aforementioned D is known definite value;
By concerning 1-7; Foundation is about the CO gas concentration question blank of corresponding relation between the ratio of CO concentration,
Figure 669333DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
and
Figure 805916DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
, and is as shown in table 2.
Table 2:
The concentration of CO
c1 D1
c2 D2
c3 D3
c4 D4
Can know by table 2; The ratio that only need draw
Figure 2012101023529100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
, get final product the concentration of CO.
Step 2, in said measurement air chamber, feed CO gas to be measured, carry out gas concentration measurement:
Based on concerning 1-1, make
Figure 156574DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Then, by
Figure 848587DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With
Figure 851178DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Ratio, through CO 2The gas concentration question blank checks in CO 2Concentration,
Figure 561514DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
With
Figure 725779DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Ratio, and then, according to the A value with concern 1-4, can calculate
Figure 905088DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
With
Figure 131276DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Ratio;
Based on concerning 1-1, make
Figure 509168DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Obtain relation
Figure 109913DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
1-8
Can know by formula 1-8, in the formula
Figure 510939DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
/ Be CO 2To the influence of CO, and With
Figure 274682DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Ratio by
Figure 984012DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
With Ratio calculation draw,
Figure 505571DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
With
Figure 858055DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Ratio multiply by
Figure 738286DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
With
Figure 176221DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
The Query Value than worth CO gas concentration question blank, thereby eliminate CO 2To the influence of CO measurement of concetration, through inquiry CO gas concentration question blank, the concentration of the pairing CO of Query Value is the CO concentration of required measurement.
Can know that by above method step this method has been eliminated contained CO in the CO gas 2Gas has not only improved the degree of accuracy of CO gas concentration measurement to the influence of CO gas concentration measurement, goes back the contained CO of energy measurement 2The concentration of gas, but also be particularly suitable for the CO gasmetry of low concentration.
Should be noted that at last: above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not to its restriction; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation, the those of ordinary skill in affiliated field is to be understood that: still can specific embodiments of the invention make amendment or the part technical characterictic is equal to replacement; And not breaking away from the spirit of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope that the present invention asks for protection.

Claims (1)

1. the CO gas measuring method of a triple channel infrared gas sensor, comprising: the infrared light supply module is sent the wideband pulse infrared light, then three output of triple channel infrared gas detector output signals: the reference channel output signal at 4.0um absorption peak place
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, 4.26um absorption peak place CO 2Passage output signal
Figure 160504DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
CO passage output signal with 4.6um absorption peak place
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Three output signals have following relation:
Figure 560523DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
1-1
Wherein,
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
The intensity of light source at expression 4.0um place,
Figure 689202DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
The light source intensity at expression 4.26um place,
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The light source intensity at expression 4.6um place, Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.0um place,
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.26um place,
Figure 145515DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Represent the responsiveness of triple channel infrared gas detector at the 4.6um place, The transmittance of air chamber is measured in expression, Expression CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.26um place,
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Expression CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.6um place,
Figure 378230DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Expression CO gas is in the transmittance at 4.6um place;
Can know that by Bill's Lambert law gas transmittance and gas concentration have following relation:
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
1-2
Wherein, k representes the absorption coefficient of gas, and c representes the concentration of gas, and l representes the absorption thickness of gas;
It is characterized in that this measuring method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, set up CO 2Gas concentration question blank: when infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light, and in said measurement air chamber, feed the CO of variable concentrations respectively 2The time, then signal is exported in three of triple channel infrared gas detector outputs, by concerning that 1-1 can know following relation
Figure 635905DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
1-3
Figure 626995DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Because the spectral distribution of same light source intensity is constant; Can know with the ratio of
Figure 155190DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
be definite value; Simultaneously; The ratio of the responsiveness of same triple channel infrared eye different wave length also is a definite value; Then make and compare, can obtain the corresponding relation between the ratio of ratio,
Figure 604309DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
and
Figure 255870DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
of
Figure 865974DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
and
Figure 723072DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
with
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
1-4
Know that by aforementioned A is known definite value;
Make
Figure 238870DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With
Figure 634079DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Compare, can obtain
Figure 868358DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With
Figure 956400DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Ratio, CO 2Gas is in the transmittance at 4.26um place
Figure 161116DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Between corresponding relation
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
1-5
Know that by aforementioned B is known definite value;
By concerning 1-4 and concerning 1-5, set up about CO 2Concentration,
Figure 546967DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
With
Figure 950267DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Ratio,
Figure 209210DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
With Ratio between the CO of corresponding relation 2The gas concentration question blank;
Set up CO gas concentration question blank: when infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light; And when in said measurement air chamber, feeding the CO gas of variable concentrations respectively; Then signal is exported in three of triple channel infrared gas detector outputs, by concerning that 1-1 can know following relation
Figure 638234DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
1-6
Figure 850035DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Make
Figure 279879DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and compare, get ratio, the corresponding relation of CO gas between the transmittance
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
at 4.6um place of
Figure 734311DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
and
Figure 564733DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
with
Figure 899899DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
1-7
Know that by aforementioned D is known definite value;
By concerning 1-7, set up CO gas concentration question blank about corresponding relation between the ratio of CO concentration,
Figure 566504DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
and ;
Step 2, gas concentration measurement: when infrared light source module sends the wideband pulse infrared light, and in said measurement air chamber, feed CO gas to be measured, then three output of triple channel infrared gas detector output signals;
Based on concerning 1-1, make
Figure 828782DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Then, by
Figure 334849DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
With Ratio, through CO 2The gas concentration question blank checks in CO 2Concentration,
Figure 371255DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
With
Figure 723739DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Ratio, and then, according to the A value with concern 1-4, can calculate
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
With
Figure 853238DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Ratio;
Based on concerning 1-1, make
Figure 228856DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Obtain relation
Figure 2012101023529100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
1-8
Then; Ratio with
Figure 649473DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
with
Figure 810458DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
multiply by
Figure 658328DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
ratio with
Figure 521242DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
that A calculates; Again marriage relation 1-7 with concern 1-8; And, check in CO concentration through CO gas concentration question blank.
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