CN102603398A - Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102603398A CN102603398A CN2012100527256A CN201210052725A CN102603398A CN 102603398 A CN102603398 A CN 102603398A CN 2012100527256 A CN2012100527256 A CN 2012100527256A CN 201210052725 A CN201210052725 A CN 201210052725A CN 102603398 A CN102603398 A CN 102603398A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- attapulgite
- layer
- slow release
- release fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a slow release fertilizer containing attapulgite and a preparation method thereof. Each fertilizer particle of slow release fertilizer particles disclosed by the invention is of a layered structure with at least two layers, each of the core and the layers outside the core comprises a variety of fertilizers mixed according to the determined proportion, and all the fertilizer layers are separated by attapulgite layers. The invention provides two embodiments of the slow release fertilizer, which are respectively suitable for corn and potatoes. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer particles, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps of firstly crushing all components into powder, further weighing a variety of fertilizer powder of the core inner layer according to the pre-determined weight, watering for performing granulation on a binding agent, putting into the attapulgite in the determined quantity after most of the fertilizers are formed, continuing watering to uniformly wrap the attapulgite outside the fertilizer particles, repeating the process and forming all the fertilizer layers and the wrapping layer of the slow release fertilizer particles layer by layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of fertilizer and fertilizer, the present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer that can slowly-releasing exactly, and the preparation method of this fertilizer, particularly a kind of fertilizer that wherein contains attapulgite.
Background technology
Fertilizer can promote crop growth, and applying fertilizer is known general knowledge in proportion of crop planting.Agricultural production practice shows, because the combined influence of fertilizer character and edatope condition, utilization rate of fertilizer is low to be that chemical fertilizer uses the ubiquitous problem that goes up.This season utilization ratio of China's chemical fertilizer is lower at present: nitrogen is 30%～35%, and phosphorus is 10%～20%, and potassium is 30%～35%.The easy deliquescence of common chemical fertilizer, caking are added decomposition, leaching, volatilization and are caused nutrient loss very serious.For fertilizer can be discharged for a long time, have more in the prior art and in fertilizer, add attapulgite, so that the way that fertilizer slowly discharges.Attapulgite clay (attapulgite) is a kind of natural nonmetal clay mineral, and distribution is wide in China, reserves are big.It has following characteristics: light specific gravity (2.0～2.3g/cm
3); PH=8.5 ± 1; Be viscosity and plasticity-when moist, dry shrinkage is little, and does not produce be full of cracks; Water-absorbent is strong, can reach more than 150%; Inner porous road, specific surface is big, can reach 500m
2More than/the g; Stable electrochemical property is difficult for being flocculated by ionogen, in high temperature and salt solution, has good stability.More than these characteristics determined that attapulgite is a kind of ideal coated fertilizer.In Chinese patent, disclosing multiple is the slow release fertilizer of coated fertilizer with the attapulgite, as: 201110181781.5,200710302509.1,200810099402.6 etc.Slow release fertilizer is exactly to wrap the very thin hydrophobic substance of one deck to process the coating chemical fertilizer on the chemical fertilizer granule surface, and this can improve utilization rate of fertilizer greatly.But, limited these fertilizer being widely used on field crop because at present slow release fertilizer exists that complex manufacturing, cost are too high, some coated fertilizer is to the deficiency of aspects such as environment is unfriendly.Secondly, slow release fertilizer of the prior art is all to make the material preparation behind fertilizer and the attapulgite uniform mixing.
China has promoted the fertilization compositions based on earth measurement technology on a large scale in recent years.The fertilization compositions based on earth measurement technology is meant through assay arable soil nutrient content; In time grasp and understanding soil fertility situation; By the regulation of fertilizer requirement and the agriculture prodn requirement of Different Crop, under professional of agriculture's guidance, an amount of proportion balance of Different Nutrients is used; Improve the fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio, promote highly efficient and productive, a kind of method that applies fertilizers scientifically of fine of agriculture prodn.
Relevant research also shows; Plant is different at different growth phases to the plain demand of Different Nutrition; But existing slow-release fertilizer through the uniform mixing preparation can not satisfy plant in the demand of different growth phases to the Different Nutrition element, and this also causes the existing not high problem of fertilizer service efficiency.
One of for this reason, the be fit to plant that seeks efficient, the cheap natural and half-natural material prepn of a kind of usefulness is at the fertilizer of different growth phases to fertilizer demand, and the preparing method's of this fertilizer developing direction.
China since 2005 the popularization of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, special-purpose slow-release or control-release fertilizer since the release of its nutrient can meet the crop nutrition content demand curve and can realize that single fertilization makes it in this project, have important effect.If have the slow-release or control-release fertilizer ability of single fertilization advantage and the popularization of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement to combine, the popularization of new-type fertilizer is undoubtedly rare historic opportunities hereto.
Summary of the invention
The be fit to plant that the present invention provides efficient, the cheap natural and half-natural material prepn of a kind of usefulness at different growth phases to fertilizer demand and have the fertilizer grain of slow releasing function, and the preparation method of this fertilizer grain.
Each fertilizer grain of slow release fertilizer grain of the present invention is and is at least two-layer layered structure, its core and outer every layer by constituting by the multiple fertilizer of confirming mixed, each fertilizer interlayer is separated by with the Attapulgite soil layer.
Slow release fertilizer grain of the present invention is preferably three layers, and the internal layer of its outermost layer, middle level and core is confirmed the ratio and the quantity of different fertilizer respectively in the required fertilizer of seedling stage, vegetative period and ripening stage of being suitable for plant.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, a kind ofly be applicable to that nitrogenous fertilizer used in the slow release fertilizer grain of corn is urea, used phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate of lime, the nitrogen in each layer, the relative weight of phosphate fertilizer ratio are respectively: outer=2.13～5.73: 0.25～0.57; Middle level=48.31～130.37: 14.35～32.53; Be positioned at internal layer=43.78～118.13 of core: 7.89～17.88; The Attapulgite soil layer weight fraction of each fertilizer interlayer is not: outer=0.60～2.70; Middle level=15.67～41.22; Internal layer=12.92～58.29.
As one embodiment of the present of invention; A kind ofly be applicable to that nitrogenous fertilizer used in the slow release fertilizer grain of yam is urea; Used phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate of lime; Used potash fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen in each layer, phosphorus, potash fertilizer is respectively: outer=5.67～13.4: 0.36～1.92: 0～7.29; Middle level=35.89～84.89: 14.35～32.53: 0～29.15; Be positioned at internal layer=52.89～125.1 of core: 2.61～13.91: 0～44.53; The Attapulgite soil layer weight fraction of each fertilizer interlayer is not: outer=1.51～9.69; Middle level=9.36～52.37; Internal layer=13.88～78.66.
The preparation method of arbitrary slow release fertilizer grain of the present invention is: earlier urea, peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder are perhaps comprised that also kalium slfuricum powder is broken into the powder of diameter smaller or equal to 1mm; Claim that by predetermined weight the various fertilizer powder of core layers and watering carry out granulation for sticker; Treat to drop into true quantitative attapulgite after most of fertilizer moulding; Continue watering, make attapulgite evenly be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates outside, form the internal layer of slow release fertilizer grain; Drop into the middle layer by weight of fertilizer of confirming again, watering makes its round shaped grain that evenly is wrapped in internal layer slow-release fertilizer outside, adds true quantitative attapulgite again, and watering makes it continue to be wrapped in the particle outside, so successively forms each fertilizer layer and integument of slow release fertilizer grain.
Fertilizer grain preparation method of the present invention is simple, reliable for effect, with low cost, and the entire treatment process is pollution-free.The fertilizer that obtains through the present invention has extraordinary slow-releasing, and the slow release fertilizer of comparable prior art for preparing has better effect simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a slow release fertilizer grain r of the present invention, and wherein 1 for being positioned at the internal layer at core place, and 2 be the middle level, and 3 is skin, and the black band of each interlayer is to be used to be separated by the integument of attapulgite of each layer among the figure.
Fig. 2 is a corn field inorganic nitrogen in soil changing conditions.
Fig. 3 is a corn field soil quick-effective phosphor changing conditions
Fig. 4 is a yam ground inorganic nitrogen in soil changing conditions.
Fig. 5 is a yam ground soil quick-effective phosphor changing conditions.
Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 is respectively under three kinds of fertilising gradients, potato leaf content of inorganic nitrogen in changing conditions.
Embodiment
The present invention provides following embodiment.One of them embodiment provide a kind of be applicable to corn the slow release fertilizer grain, another embodiment provides a kind of slow release fertilizer grain that is applicable to yam.
The plantation area that present embodiment is confirmed is to connect the valley district in the Yuzhong, Gansu, and this is a typical loess plateau rain-fed agriculture region, and this district's staple food crop is corn, yam.Because precipitation is limited, soil fertility is lower, causes this area's working condition abominable, agricultural development is restricted.In production practice; Many peasants do not understand nutritive property, regulation of fertilizer requirement, the fertilizing method of corn and yam, apply fertilizer according to traditional fertilizing method, and plant recovery of nutrient is low; Cause corn and the yam growth later stage to take off fertilizer, have a strong impact on the raising of output.
1. corn soil testing and fertilizer recommendation amount is confirmed
1.1 confirm fertilizer requirement according to target output
Target output be exactly then maize planting to confirm how much output, local corn mean yield is about per mu yield 375kg, for the ease of contrast, we float respectively on this basis and reduce 20%, confirm per mu yield 450kg and two target outputs of per mu yield 300kg again.The general every production 100kg seed of corn needs from soil, to absorb purity nitrogen 2.5kg, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 1.2kg, potassium oxide 2.0kg, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are: 1: 0.48: 0.8.For 450kg/ mu is example, the required purity nitrogen of corn whole growing is 450kg/ mu * 2.5/100=11.25kg/ mu with the target output, and needing Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 450kg/ mu * 1.2/100=5.4kg/ mu, and needing potassium oxide is 450kg/ mu * 2/100=9kg/ mu.
1.2 the soil nutrient feed rate is calculated
Soil nutrient supply (kg/ mu)=soil testing value (mg/kg) * 0.15 * IC (1)
According to the geographic situation in Yuzhong, the IC of nitrogen is 0.5, phosphorus is 0.5, potassium is 0.8.Through chemical examination, this area's soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen MV is 71mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 30.04mg/kg, available potassium 135mg/kg.This area then:
Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen feed rate (kg/ mu)=71mg/kg * 0.15 * 0.5=5.325kg/ mu.
Rapid available phosphorus feed rate (kg/ mu)=30.04mg/kg * 0.15 * 0.5=2.253kg/ mu.
Rapid available phosphorus feed rate (kg/ mu)=135mg/kg * 0.15 * 0.8=16.2kg/ mu.
1.3 confirming of corn fertilizing amount
Rate of fertilizer (the kg)=required total nutrient content of target output (kg)-soil nutrient total supply (kg)/fertilizer this season utilization ratio (%) (2)
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer this season utilization ratio are: nitrogen 30%～35%, phosphorus 10%～20%, potassium 40%～50%.Calculate according to (2), corn per unit area yield 450kg/ mu, required:
Purity nitrogen (N)=(11.25-5.325)/0.35=16.9kg/ mu.
Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (P
2O
5)=(5.4-2.253)/0.2=15.735 (kg/ mu) considers that phosphate fertilizer aftereffect is obvious, uses so phosphate fertilizer can reduce by half, and promptly executes 7.87 (kg/ mus).
Potassium oxide (K
2O)=(9-16.2)/and 0.50=-14.4 (kg/ mu), the result is a negative value, so corn does not need potash fertilizer in this area.
Calculated and can be got by above method, when 300 kilograms of corn per mu yields, every mu of land requirement drops into 6.3 kilograms in nitrogen and 1.5 kilograms in phosphorus; When 450 kilograms of corn per mu yields, every mu of land requirement drops into 16.9 kilograms in nitrogen and 3.4 kilograms in phosphorus.When the corn per mu yield was local mean yield (375 kilograms), according to the fertilising of local peasant's custom amount, promptly 9.3 kilograms in nitrogen and 2.6 kilograms in phosphorus were executed in every mu of soil.Because the Soil Potassium ability is strong, do not need to drop in addition potash fertilizer.
1.4 nutrient is in the concrete distribution of corn growing season
Corn absorbed nitrogen in seedling stage 2.5%, available phosphorus 1.12%, effective potassium 3%; Absorb nitrogen 51.15%, available phosphorus 63.81%, effective potassium 97% vegetative period; Ripening stage absorbed nitrogen 46.35%, available phosphorus 35.07%, effective potassium 0%.
With the example that is assigned as of nitrogen, during corn per unit area yield 450kg/ mu, seedling stage, amount of nitrogen was 16.9kg/ mu * 2.5%=0.42kg/ mu; Vegetative period, amount of nitrogen was 16.9kg/ mu * 51.15%=8.65kg/ mu; The ripening stage amount of nitrogen is 16.9kg/ mu * 46.35%=7.83kg/ mu.
The concrete Distribution Calculation method of other nutrients is the same.
1.5 confirming of corn chemical fertilizer consumption
Supply examination fertilizer to be: commercially available urea (containing N46.4%), superphosphate of lime (contain P
2O
516%).
Chemical fertilizer consumption (kg/ mu)=nutrient scale/used fertilizer nutrient content (%)
With the amount of urea is example; During corn per unit area yield 450kg/ mu; Seedling stage, amount of urea was 0.42kg/ mu/0.46=0.91 (a kg/ mu), and vegetative period, amount of urea was 8.65kg/ mu/0.46=18.8 (a kg/ mu), and the ripening stage amount of urea is 7.83kg/ mu/0.46=17.02 (a kg/ mu).
The middle of attapulgite slow-release fertilizer confirmed fertilizer grain each layer fertilizer ratio and the attapulgite consumption of degree of receiving in the present embodiment with the soil amount on above basis and in reference to prior art; Referring to table 1 and table 2.; Table 1 and table 2 prescription take by weighing each component manufacturing corn layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer, and (PCF represents layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer; 20% represent each layer ring bag attapulgite weight account for this layer and corresponding parcel the Attapulgite soil layer gross weight 20%; 30% represent each layer ring bag attapulgite weight account for this layer and corresponding parcel the Attapulgite soil layer gross weight 30%, 1,2,3 represent 300kg/ mu respectively, three different target outputs of 375kg/ mu and 450kg/ mu).
Table 1 corn layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer prescription (20%PCF)
Table 2 corn layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer prescription (30%PCF)
Table 3 and table 4 provide the attapulgite slow release fertilizer by prior art for preparing respectively, and table 5 has provided the prescription of testing the regional peasant direct fertilisings of adopting more, to compare.Wherein in table 3 and table 4 20% and 30 respectively attapulgite weight account for and comprise 20% and 30% of attapulgite and used fertilizer gross weight.
Table 3 corn attapulgite mixing control formula (20%PMF)
Table 4 corn attapulgite mixing control formula (30%PMF)
Table 5 corn chemical fertilizer control formula (CF)
The concrete preparation process of slow release fertilizer grain of the present invention is following:
1. urea, superphosphate of lime, vitriolate of tartar are dropped into kibbler and be broken into the powder of diameter smaller or equal to 1mm.
2. drop into open rotary table granulation device by in advance the good various fertilizer powder of measuring the ripening stage needs.Watering is carried out granulation as sticker when stirring fertilizer, treats to drop into after most of fertilizer moulding the attapulgite of corresponding proportion, continues watering, makes attapulgite evenly be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates outside, forms the internal layer of slow-release fertilizer.Open rotary table granulation device is adopted in the present embodiment granulation; This device mainly is made up of a rotary disk and height-adjustable baffle plate; Material is constantly made circumferential motion in disk; Will form the round shaped grain shape, the controllable register height can be controlled the diameter of round shaped grain, in granulation process through suitable controllable register height may command particle size.
3. continue in rotating disk, to drop into the fertilizer that need vegetative period, watering makes its round shaped grain that evenly is wrapped in internal layer slow-release fertilizer outside, adds the attapulgite of corresponding proportion, and watering makes it continue to be wrapped in the particle outside, forms the middle level of slow-release fertilizer.
4. drop into the fertilizer that need seedling stage at last, watering makes its round shaped grain that evenly is wrapped in middle level slow-release fertilizer outside, adds the attapulgite of corresponding proportion, and watering makes it continue to be wrapped in the particle outside, forms the skin of slow-release fertilizer.Just obtained attapulgite layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer thus.Serves as to supply to try particle through screening back with diameter 0.2-0.5cm.Can prepare its section such as accompanying drawing 1 said fertilizer grain through above-mentioned processing.
Because the special physical properties of attapulgite, granulation process only uses pure water to get final product as sticker, need not to drop into other stickers and vehicle again.
The fertilizer of table 4 and table 5 is granulated by prior art, promptly earlier with the granulation afterwards that stirs of attapulgite and fertilizer.
In order to verify the effect of fertilizer, the contriver has designed field experiment in 2010 and 2011, gathers as follows:
1. sample plot overview
The experiment status connects valley district (36 ° of 02 ' N, 104 ° of 25 ' E, 2400 meters of height above sea level) in the Yuzhong, place, average annual rainfall 320mm, and about 56% rainfall occurs in 7-9 month, no underground water source.Annual free water steam output is 1300mm.This district is thereafter a middle temperate zone semiarid climate, 6.5 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year.The experimental plot is a beach, and soil is black fiber crops soil (FAO taxonomy), the average unit weight 1.27g/cm of the soil of 0-200cm
3, pH value about 8.5.
2. experimental design
The corn field experiment adopted 20%PCF, 30%PCF, 20%PMF, four kinds of fertilizer of CF in 2010, established 12 processing altogether, 3 repetitions, random alignment, 18 square metres of sub-district areas.The corn field experiment adopted 30%PCF, 30%PMF, three kinds of fertilizer of CF in 2011, established 9 processing altogether, 3 repetitions, random alignment, 22 square metres of sub-district areas.
The two full film trench sowing in ridge planting patternss are all adopted in the experiment of the corn in 2 years, and experimental cultivar is No. 3, wine list, 37500 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of per hectare soil.To the serious characteristics of local spring drought, sample plot is in time ploughed after thawing in the annual mid or late March soil face of land, and in conjunction with ploughing the disposable above-mentioned several kinds of fertilizer that apply, no longer topdress vegetative period, overlay film immediately, late April sowing, results at the beginning of 10 months.
The test materials attapulgite originates from Linze county, Gansu raw ore, and the processing specification is 120 orders.Supplying examination fertilizer is that commercially available urea (containing N46.4%), superphosphate of lime (contain P
2O
516%), vitriolate of tartar (contains K
2O52%).
Except above-mentioned attapulgite layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer; Design simultaneously two processing again and be used for contrast: it is (not stratified to press table 3 and table 4 prescription manufacturing PMF; All fertilizer directly mix with attapulgite, 20% represent attapulgite weight account for 20%, 30% of slow-release fertilizer gross weight represent attapulgite weight account for the slow-release fertilizer gross weight 30%); Make CF (not adding attapulgite, directly to fertilize) by table 5 prescription.The total amount of fertilizer and attapulgite is all identical with the total amount that PCF handles in above-mentioned two processing.PCF and PMF use the granulation of rotary table granulation device, and CF directly uses commercially available urea (containing N46.4%), superphosphate of lime (to contain P
2O
516%), vitriolate of tartar (contains K
2O52%.
In the test:
Soil moisture is measured with oven drying method.Before the sowing and results back is made earth boring auger (diameter 4cm) in the crop-planting district and is surveyed the soil depth to 200cm.
The WUEL of crop: WUE=Y/ET, Y are crop yield per unit; ET is with area water loss (the soil moisture variable quantity adds the quantity of precipitation same period).
Fertilizer wilfully force of labor (Partial factor productivity, PFP)=fertilization area output/dose, this index can reflect fertilizer utilization efficiency to a certain extent.
During harvest corn in the intermediate area picked at random 10 strain corns of each sub-district in order to measuring spike length, the fringe footpath, grain number per spike, seed-producing rate and weighing oven dry (105 ℃, behind the 1h 70 ℃ again, 72h) 100-grain weight, the heavy and grain yield of stalk.
4. data statistic analysis
After experimental data is carried out the detection of normal distribution, carry out variance analysis with the ANOVA in the SAS statistical analysis software.Map with Excel.
5. experimental result
Experimental result is seen table 6～table 8. notes: same column contains different letters and indicates significant difference on the P=0.05 levels, down together.
Table 6.2010 year corn field experiment production index
Table 7.2010 year corn field experiment characteristic index
Table 8.2010 year corn field experiment fertilizer utilization efficiency
In corn field experiment in 2010, table 6 showed attapulgite layering ring bag processing of the present invention at grain yield, and ground biomass and WUEL aspect all are significantly increased, and compare raising the output 12%-26.7% with contrast.The effect that 30% attapulgite ring bag is handled is better than 20% ring bag and handles.Table 7 shows that attapulgite layering ring bag of the present invention handles aspects such as, spike length thick at plant height, stem, fringe are thick, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and all be significantly increased.The effect that 30% attapulgite ring bag is handled is better than 20% ring bag and handles.The fertilizer that table 8 shows nitrogenous fertilizer that attapulgite layering ring bag of the present invention is handled and phosphate fertilizer wilfully force of labor all is significantly increased.The effect that 30% attapulgite ring bag is handled is better than 20% ring bag and handles.
For corn field experiment in 2011, table 16 showed the processing of 30% attapulgite layering ring bag at grain yield, and ground biomass and WUEL aspect all are significantly increased, and compared raising the output 9%-11% with contrast.Table 9 shows that 30% attapulgite layering ring bag handles aspects such as, spike length thick at plant height, stem, fringe are thick, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight and all be significantly increased.The fertilizer that table 10 shows nitrogenous fertilizer that 30% attapulgite layering ring bag is handled and phosphate fertilizer wilfully force of labor all is significantly increased.
Table 9.2011 year corn field experiment characteristic index
Table 10.2011 year corn field experiment fertilizer utilization efficiency
1. sample plot overview
Tried the soil that the soil is last embodiment areal.
2. experimental design and yam soil testing and fertilizer recommendation amount are confirmed
2.1 confirm fertilizer requirement according to target output
Local yam mean yield is about per mu yield 1500kg, and for the ease of contrast, we float respectively on this basis and reduce 17%, confirms per mu yield 1750kg and two target outputs of per mu yield 1250kg again.Every production 1000kg stem tuber needs purity nitrogen 6kg, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 2kg, potassium oxide 13kg.The method of calculation of the required nutrient of yam whole growing are with 1.1.
2.2 the soil nutrient feed rate is calculated
Method of calculation are with 1.2.
2.3 confirming of yam dose
Method of calculation are with 1.3.Consider that phosphate fertilizer aftereffect is obvious, so phosphate fertilizer can be used by 60% decrement.Calculated and can be got by above method, when 1250 kilograms of yam per mu yields, every mu of land requirement drops into 6.3 kilograms in nitrogen and 0.3 kilogram in phosphorus; When 1750 kilograms of yam per mu yields, every mu of land requirement drops into 14.9 kilograms in nitrogen, 1.6 kilograms in phosphorus, 5.4 kilograms in potassium; When the yam per mu yield was local mean yield (1500 kilograms), according to local peasant's custom amount fertilising, promptly every mu of soil custom was executed 9.2 kilograms in nitrogen, 1.1 kilograms in phosphorus, 0.7 kilogram in potassium.
2.4 nutrient is in the secular concrete distribution of potato raw
Yam absorbed nitrogen in seedling stage 6%, available phosphorus 8%, effective potassium 9%; Absorb nitrogen 38%, available phosphorus 34%, effective potassium 36% vegetative period; Ripening stage absorbed nitrogen 56%, available phosphorus 58%, effective potassium 55%.Method of calculation are with 1.4.
2.5 confirming of yam chemical fertilizer consumption
Supply examination fertilizer to be: commercially available urea (containing N46.4%), superphosphate of lime (contain P
2O
516%), vitriolate of tartar (contains K
2O52%).Method of calculation are with 1.5.
Through the fertilization compositions based on earth measurement technology, can calculate slow-release fertilizer internal layer (ripening stage), middle level (vegetative period), skin (seedling stage) the fertilizer amount of needs respectively according to the method described above, the attapulgite content of every layer of parcel accounts for 20% or 30% of each layer gross weight.Realize that preferred version of the present invention is that the attapulgite content of every layer of parcel accounts for 30% of each layer gross weight.Concrete prescription is seen table 1-10.The present invention should make base fertilizer, promptly turn over preceding or turn over after evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, turn over and bury, also can combine the practical situation of different soils, Different Crop during practical application, according to the suitable dose in the adjustment prescription of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement technology.
The yam field experiment adopted 20%PCF, 30%PCF, 20%PMF, four kinds of fertilizer of CF in 2010, established 12 processing altogether, 3 repetitions, random alignment, 8.5 square metres of sub-district areas.The yam field experiment adopted 30%PCF, 30%PMF, three kinds of fertilizer of CF in 2011, established 9 processing altogether, 3 repetitions, random alignment, 22 square metres of sub-district areas.
The middle of attapulgite slow-release fertilizer confirmed fertilizer grain each layer fertilizer ratio and the attapulgite consumption of degree of receiving in the present embodiment with the soil amount on above basis and in reference to prior art; Referring to table 11 and table 12; Table 11 and table 12 prescription take by weighing each component manufacturing corn layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer, and (PCF represents layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer; 20% represent each layer ring bag attapulgite weight account for this layer and corresponding parcel the Attapulgite soil layer gross weight 20%; 30% represent each layer ring bag attapulgite weight account for this layer and corresponding parcel the Attapulgite soil layer gross weight 30%, 1,2,3 represent 1250kg/ mu respectively, three different target outputs of 1500kg/ mu and 1750kg/ mu.
Table 11. yam layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer prescription (20%PCF)
Table 12. yam layering ring bag slow-release fertilizer prescription (30%PCF)
Table 13 and table 14 provide the attapulgite slow release fertilizer by prior art for preparing respectively, and table 15 has provided the prescription of testing the regional peasant direct fertilisings of adopting more, to compare.Wherein in table 3 and table 4 20% and 30 respectively attapulgite weight account for and comprise 20% and 30% of attapulgite and used fertilizer gross weight.
Table 13. yam attapulgite mixing control formula (20%PMF)
Table 14. yam attapulgite mixing control formula (30%PMF)
Table 15. yam chemical fertilizer control formula (CF)
The test materials of present embodiment adopts the attapulgite fertile identical with aforementioned corn; Supplying examination fertilizer is that commercially available urea (containing N46.4%), superphosphate of lime (contain P
2O
516%), vitriolate of tartar (contains K
2O52%); The slow-release fertilizer preparation method of slow release fertilizer grain and Comparative Examples is identical with fertile preparation method with aforementioned corn.
The yam field experiment adopted 20%PCF, 30%PCF, 20%PMF, four kinds of fertilizer of CF in 2010, established 12 processing altogether, 3 repetitions, random alignment, 8.5 square metres of sub-district areas.The yam field experiment adopted 30%PCF, 30%PMF, three kinds of fertilizer of CF in 2011, established 9 processing altogether, 3 repetitions, random alignment, 22 square metres of sub-district areas.
The open country planting patterns is adopted in yam in 2010 experiment, adopts bar film tiling planting patterns in 2011, and experimental cultivar is No. 5, Gansu Province potato, 31000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of per hectare soil.To the serious characteristics of local spring drought, sample plot is in time ploughed after thawing in the annual mid or late March soil face of land, and in conjunction with ploughing the disposable above-mentioned several kinds of fertilizer that apply, no longer topdress vegetative period, late April sowing, results at the beginning of 10 months.
3. mainly measure project and method
During potato harvest by the sub-district single receive produce and according to yampi (more than the 100g), middle potato (50～100g), little potato (below the 50g) grades; Calculate commodity rate; Every sub-district takes 5 cave potato plants, and cauline leaf and stem tuber separate on the ground, (105 ℃ of oven dry backs; After 1 hour 70 ℃ again, survey dry mass after 72 hours.
4. data statistic analysis
After experimental data is carried out the detection of normal distribution, carry out variance analysis with the ANOVA in the SAS statistical analysis software.Map with Excel.
5. experimental result
Experimental result is seen table 16～table 20.
Table 16.2010 year yam field experiment production index
Table 17.2010 year yam field experiment production index
Table 18.2010 year yam field experiment fertilizer utilization efficiency
Table 19.2011 year yam field experiment production index
Table 20.2011 year yam field experiment fertilizer utilization efficiency
For yam field experiment in 2010, table 16 showed that the processing of attapulgite layering ring bag all is being significantly increased aspect output and the WUEL, compares raising the output 13.3%-25.8% with contrast.The effect that 30% attapulgite ring bag is handled is better than 20% ring bag and handles.The fertilizer that table 17 shows nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer that attapulgite layering ring bag is handled wilfully force of labor all is significantly increased.The effect that 30% attapulgite ring bag is handled is better than 20% ring bag and handles.
For yam field experiment in 2011, table 19 showed that the processing of 30% attapulgite layering ring bag all is being significantly increased aspect output, commodity rate and the WUEL, compares raising the output 10.6%-14.7% with contrast.The fertilizer that table 20 shows nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer that 30% attapulgite layering ring bag is handled wilfully force of labor all is significantly increased.
In above-mentioned test,, open up area separately and be 1 square metre sub-district in order to detect the releasing effect of slow-release fertilizer in soil; Apply the CF2 described in table 7, table 9, the table 10,30%PCF2 and three kinds of fertilizer of 30%PMF2 respectively; Do not plant crop, since on April 28th, 2011 to September 28, fetch earth every other month once; Follow the tracks of the changing conditions of rapid available phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen, assessment slow-release fertilizer releasing effect.Result such as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5.Fig. 4 shows: in the soil that attapulgite ring bag fertilizer is handled, inorganic nitrogen reaches mxm. at the 5th sampling spot; The soil of control treatment, inorganic nitrogen has just reached mxm. at the 3rd sampling spot; Combination treatment is between between the two.Explain that attapulgite ring packetize fertilizer has certain slow releasing function.Fig. 5 shows: in the soil that attapulgite ring bag fertilizer is handled, rapid available phosphorus reaches mxm. at the 5th sampling spot; The soil of control treatment, rapid available phosphorus has just reached mxm. at the 3rd sampling spot; Combination treatment is between between the two.Explain that attapulgite ring packetize fertilizer has certain slow releasing function.
In order to detect the effect of plant absorbing slow-release fertilizer, every separated two weeks was got potato leaf once in 27 sub-districts of yam from June 30th, 2011 to August 30, followed the tracks of the variation of content of inorganic nitrogen in, assessment slow-release fertilizer releasing effect.The result is shown in Fig. 6～8.Fig. 6～8 show: under three kinds of fertilising gradients; The potato leaf content of inorganic nitrogen in all shows as in being lower than of two sampling spot attapulgite ring bags processing of beginning and contrasts and combination treatment; And in the end the potato leaf content of inorganic nitrogen in of two sampling spot attapulgite ring bag processing is higher than contrast and combination treatment, explains that attapulgite ring bag fertilizer has certain slow releasing function.
Claims (6)
1. slow release fertilizer is characterized in that each fertilizer grain is to be at least two-layer layered structure, and its core and outer each layer thereof are separated by with the Attapulgite soil layer at each fertilizer interlayer by constituting by the multiple fertilizer of confirming mixed.
2. the described slow release fertilizer of claim 1 is characterized in that the fertilizer grain is three layers, and the internal layer of its outermost layer, middle level and core is confirmed the ratio and the quantity of different fertilizer respectively according to required fertilizer amount of seedling stage, vegetative period and the ripening stage of being suitable for plant.
3. the described slow release fertilizer that is applicable to corn of claim 2; It is characterized in that the used nitrogenous fertilizer of slow release fertilizer grain is urea; Used phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate of lime, and the nitrogen in each layer, the relative weight of phosphate fertilizer ratio are respectively: outer=2.13～5.73: 0.25～0.57; Middle level=48.31～130.37: 14.35～32.53; Be positioned at internal layer=43.78～118.13 of core: 7.89～17.88; The Attapulgite soil layer weight of each fertilizer interlayer is 0.2～0.3 with the corresponding ratio that is wrapped fertilizer layer and Attapulgite soil layer gross weight.
4. the described slow release fertilizer that is applicable to yam of claim 2; It is characterized in that the used nitrogenous fertilizer of slow release fertilizer grain is urea; Used phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate of lime; Used potash fertilizer is vitriolate of tartar, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen in each layer, phosphorus, potash fertilizer is respectively: outer=5.67～13.4: 0.36～1.92: 0～7.29; Middle level=35.89～84.89: 14.35～32.53: 0～29.15; Be positioned at internal layer=52.89～125.1 of core: 2.61～13.91: 0～44.53; The Attapulgite soil layer weight of each fertilizer interlayer is 0.2～0.3 with the corresponding ratio that is wrapped fertilizer layer and Attapulgite soil layer gross weight.
5. the preparation method of the described arbitrary slow release fertilizer of claim 1 to 3; It is characterized in that earlier urea, superphosphate of lime being ground into the powder of diameter smaller or equal to 1mm; The various fertilizer powder and the watering that take by weighing core layers by predetermined weight are carried out granulation for sticker, treat to drop into true quantitative attapulgite after most of fertilizer moulding, continue watering; Make attapulgite evenly be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates outside, form the internal layer of slow release fertilizer grain; Drop into the middle layer by weight of fertilizer of confirming again, watering makes its round shaped grain that evenly is wrapped in internal layer slow-release fertilizer outside, adds true quantitative attapulgite again, and watering makes it continue to be wrapped in the particle outside, so successively forms each layer of slow release fertilizer grain.
6. the preparation method of the described arbitrary slow release fertilizer of claim 4; It is characterized in that earlier urea, superphosphate of lime and kalium slfuricum powder being broken into the powder of diameter smaller or equal to 1mm; Claim that by predetermined weight the various fertilizer powder of core layers and watering carry out granulation for sticker, treat to drop into true quantitative attapulgite after most of fertilizer moulding, continue watering; Make attapulgite evenly be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates outside, form the internal layer of slow release fertilizer grain; Drop into the middle layer by weight of fertilizer of confirming again, watering makes its round shaped grain that evenly is wrapped in internal layer slow-release fertilizer outside, adds true quantitative attapulgite again, and watering makes it continue to be wrapped in the particle outside, so successively forms each layer of slow release fertilizer grain.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201210052725 CN102603398B (en) | 2012-03-01 | 2012-03-01 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201210052725 CN102603398B (en) | 2012-03-01 | 2012-03-01 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102603398A true CN102603398A (en) | 2012-07-25 |
| CN102603398B CN102603398B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
Family
ID=46521255
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201210052725 Expired - Fee Related CN102603398B (en) | 2012-03-01 | 2012-03-01 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102603398B (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103193546A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-10 | 山东省农业科学院高新技术研究中心 | Special double-membrane inorganic fertilizer for peanuts |
| CN103524200A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-22 | 黄继军 | Fertilizer with controllable slow release function in full growth period as well as preparation method thereof |
| CN103724109A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103772009A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-05-07 | 北京仁创三会农业科技有限公司 | Coated controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104844368A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-19 | 广西贵港市丰收肥业有限公司 | Production process for banana fertilizer |
| CN105130640A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 龙胜泓文生态农林科技贸易有限公司 | Preparation method for dendranthema morifolium fertilizer |
| CN105925267A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Sustained-release oxidizing agent taking calcium peroxide as matrix and ethyl cellulose as coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN106348827A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-25 | 广西平乐农药厂 | Sulfur-based compound fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| CN106365733A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-02-01 | 广西平乐农药厂 | High-potassium compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108911878A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-11-30 | 山东青上化工有限公司 | A kind of dedicated slow-release or control-release fertilizer of potato and preparation method thereof |
| CN110483214A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of high-effective organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and its production method |
| CN111170813A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中向旭曜科技有限公司 | Rice slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114568169A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-03 | 陕西益丰恒盛农业科技有限公司 | Vegetable planting core and preparation method thereof |
| CN115286462A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-04 | 山西小禹植物营养科技有限公司 | Two-layer-three-layer slow release fertilizer production process produced according to fertilizer requirement characteristics of crops |
| CN115677418A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-02-03 | 山东省花生研究所 | Large-particle slow-release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1566038A (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-01-19 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Biological inorganic complex fertilizer |
| CN1927778A (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-14 | 南京理工大学 | Composite envelope type slow release fertilizer |
| KR20090128679A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-16 | 이화여자대학교 산학협력단 | Controled-release fertilizer comprising layered metal double hydroxide-based reservoir and the preparation method thereof |
| CN101891543A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2010-11-24 | 兰州大学 | Method for preparing granular compound fertilizer |
-
2012
- 2012-03-01 CN CN 201210052725 patent/CN102603398B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1566038A (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-01-19 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Biological inorganic complex fertilizer |
| CN1927778A (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-14 | 南京理工大学 | Composite envelope type slow release fertilizer |
| KR20090128679A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-16 | 이화여자대학교 산학협력단 | Controled-release fertilizer comprising layered metal double hydroxide-based reservoir and the preparation method thereof |
| CN101891543A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2010-11-24 | 兰州大学 | Method for preparing granular compound fertilizer |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103193546A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-07-10 | 山东省农业科学院高新技术研究中心 | Special double-membrane inorganic fertilizer for peanuts |
| CN103193546B (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2014-11-05 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Special double-membrane inorganic fertilizer for peanuts |
| CN103524200A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2014-01-22 | 黄继军 | Fertilizer with controllable slow release function in full growth period as well as preparation method thereof |
| CN103724109A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103772009A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-05-07 | 北京仁创三会农业科技有限公司 | Coated controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103772009B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-10-28 | 北京仁创三会农业科技有限公司 | A kind of coating controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104844368A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-19 | 广西贵港市丰收肥业有限公司 | Production process for banana fertilizer |
| CN105130640A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 龙胜泓文生态农林科技贸易有限公司 | Preparation method for dendranthema morifolium fertilizer |
| CN105925267A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Sustained-release oxidizing agent taking calcium peroxide as matrix and ethyl cellulose as coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN106348827A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-25 | 广西平乐农药厂 | Sulfur-based compound fertilizer and method for preparing same |
| CN106365733A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-02-01 | 广西平乐农药厂 | High-potassium compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108911878A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-11-30 | 山东青上化工有限公司 | A kind of dedicated slow-release or control-release fertilizer of potato and preparation method thereof |
| CN110483214A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of high-effective organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and its production method |
| CN110483214B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-05-31 | 中国农业大学 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN111170813A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中向旭曜科技有限公司 | Rice slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114568169A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-03 | 陕西益丰恒盛农业科技有限公司 | Vegetable planting core and preparation method thereof |
| CN115286462A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-04 | 山西小禹植物营养科技有限公司 | Two-layer-three-layer slow release fertilizer production process produced according to fertilizer requirement characteristics of crops |
| CN115677418A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-02-03 | 山东省花生研究所 | Large-particle slow-release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102603398B (en) | 2013-12-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102603398B (en) | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| Zheng et al. | Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and yield under wheat-maize double cropping system | |
| Wang et al. | Improving grain yield and reducing N loss using polymer-coated urea in southeast China | |
| Bandyopadhyay et al. | Effect of irrigation and nitrogen application methods on input use efficiency of wheat under limited water supply in a Vertisol of Central India | |
| Zhang et al. | Effect of conservation farming practices on soil organic matter and stratification in a mono-cropping system of Northern China | |
| Zhu et al. | Performance of two winter cover crops and their impacts on soil properties and two subsequent rice crops in Dongting Lake Plain, Hunan, China | |
| CN102352254B (en) | Red soil improving agent | |
| Muhumed et al. | Effects of drip irrigation frequency, fertilizer sources and their interaction on the dry matter and yield components of sweet corn | |
| Song et al. | Palygorskite-coated fertilizers with a timely release of nutrients increase potato productivity in a rain-fed cropland | |
| CN104557222A (en) | Soil testing and formulated fertilizer specially used for peanut and preparation method thereof | |
| Huang et al. | Hydrothermal effects on maize productivity with different planting patterns in a rainfed farmland area | |
| CN102918980B (en) | Method for applying base fertilizer and additional fertilizer by special slow controlled release urea for winter wheat and summer maize crop-rotation field | |
| CN102690140A (en) | Special water retention fertilizer for sweet potatoes and preparation method thereof | |
| Zhou et al. | Improved yield by harvesting water with ridges and subgrooves using buried and surface plastic mulchs in a semiarid area of China | |
| Liu et al. | Moderately deep banding of phosphorus enhanced winter wheat yield by improving phosphorus availability, root spatial distribution, and growth | |
| CN107162848A (en) | A kind of beach saline land wheat dedicated functionality organic-inorganic controlled-release Blending Fertilizer | |
| Hanafi et al. | Upland rice varieties in Malaysia: agronomic and soil physico-chemical characteristics | |
| Abubakar et al. | Growth and nitrogen productivity of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different nitrogen fertigation strategies in the North China Plain | |
| Chang et al. | Increase in yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double rice with long-term application of controlled-release urea | |
| CN110818470A (en) | Multielement high-efficiency fertilizer for promoting high yield and high quality of plants and fertilizing method | |
| Matamwa et al. | Plant availability of sulfur added to finished fertilizers | |
| CN105746118A (en) | Mode of cultivating paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis under purple soil coniferous forest | |
| Obidiebube et al. | Effect of different levels of NPK (15: 15: 15) on the growth and yield of maize in rainforest agro-ecological zone. | |
| Rehman et al. | Micro-watershed enhances rain water use efficiency, phenology and productivity of wheat under rainfed condition | |
| Fang et al. | Enhanced soil water recovery and crop yield following conversion of 9-year-old leguminous pastures into croplands |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131225 Termination date: 20190301 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |