CN102591094B - Ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference - Google Patents
Ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference Download PDFInfo
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- CN102591094B CN102591094B CN 201210039703 CN201210039703A CN102591094B CN 102591094 B CN102591094 B CN 102591094B CN 201210039703 CN201210039703 CN 201210039703 CN 201210039703 A CN201210039703 A CN 201210039703A CN 102591094 B CN102591094 B CN 102591094B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference. The ultra short single pulse light generator includes a photonic crystal input waveguide in a two-dimensional photonic crystal, wherein the input waveguide is respectively connected with a first photonic crystal bending waveguide and a second photonic crystal bending waveguide; and the first photonic crystal bending waveguide and the second photonic crystal bending waveguide are connected with a photonic crystal output waveguide. The ultra short single pulse light generator is small in volume, low in power consumption and easy for realization of large-scale logic light path integration, and has wide application value in small optical logic integrated chips.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photonic crystal integrated device field, relate to 2 D photon crystal, photon crystal linear defect wave-guide, photon crystal optical splitter, phase of light wave poor, be specifically related to a kind of ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference.
Background technology
1987, the Yablonovitch in U.S. Bell laboratory and the John of Princeton university are respectively when the photon local of studying in how suppressing spontaneous radiation and unordered dielectric substance, proposed independently of one another the concept of photonic crystal: the microstructure formed by the material interval periodic arrangement of differing dielectric constant, its grating constant is the same order of magnitude with the wavelength of work light wave.
Since photonic crystal emerges, research to it makes great progress, and photonic crystal can be applied to manufacture high performance catoptron, photonic crystal optical waveguides, light emitting diode, wavelength filter, micro-resonant cavity, the light various photon crystal devices such as open the light.
In recent years, the research work of optical logic device becomes a study hotspot, some basic optical logic gates are successfully invented and are realized, the realization of further extensive logic function needs to use pulse producer as control signal, and the present invention is the full light monopulse generator that a kind of contrast is very high.
Traditional optics monopulse is all to obtain by light-pulse generator, for example adjusts Q and mode-locked laser, obtain by this method the optics monopulse and need to use the device that volume is larger, and power consumption is large.It is integrated that key is that such optics monopulse generator is unfavorable for, can't be applied in the integrated optics logical device.Optics monopulse generator of the present invention is to utilize the light path in photonic crystal to realize, the advantages such as volume is little, low power consuming that it has, also be easy to realize integrated.
Optics monopulse generator time-based of the present invention postpones principle and interference of light principle.Be divided into two bundles after input light enters waveguide, the light path of two-beam ripple experience is not identical, by suitable change structure and optical path difference, makes two-beam have stable phase differential, produces monopulse after coherence stack.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of structural volume is little, low power consuming, be easy to integrated optics monopulse generator.The technical scheme that solves the technology of the present invention problem is: a kind of light splitting delayed interference ultrashort monopulse optical generator of formula photonic crystal that disappears mutually is provided, it is included in a photonic crystal input waveguide in 2 D photon crystal, and described input waveguide is connected with the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide respectively; Described the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide are connected with the photonic crystal output waveguide.
Described 2 D photon crystal is the two-dimensional and periodic arrangement by silicon or other high refractive index medium bar and forms in air or other low-refraction background media, the forbidden photon band of this photonic crystal has covered the value of operation wavelength, preferably, the low refractive index dielectric material is taken as air, high refractive index medium is taken as silicon, the grating constant of periodic structure photonic crystal is taken as a μ m, and the radius of dielectric rod is taken as 0.18a μ m, and operation wavelength is taken as 2.984a μ m.
Described photonic crystal input waveguide, the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide and photonic crystal output waveguide are photon crystal linear defect wave-guide, and the wavelength of the light wave transmitted in waveguide is positioned at the forbidden photon band wavelength coverage of the photonic crystal of waveguide both sides.
The length of described photonic crystal input waveguide or photonic crystal output waveguide is not less than 3 lattice period or grating constant, the length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide is not less than 12 lattice period or grating constant, and the length of the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is greater than the length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide.
The odd-multiple that the optimum value of the light path phase difference value of described the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is π, the odd-multiple that path length difference of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is half-wavelength.
The phase differential that the pulsewidth of the monopulse produced in described waveguiding structure is the first photonic crystal curved waveguide in this structure, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is divided by the work circular frequency, be (2m+1) π/ω, wherein m is the nature positive integer, and ω is the operation wavelength circular frequency.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
1. little, the low power consuming of structural volume, be easy to realize that extensive logic light path is integrated;
2. this monopulse generator has widespread use value in micro-optics logic integrated chip.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The typical structure of ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4, it is comprised of two waveguiding structures with optical path difference, port one is input, and port 2 is output terminal, and waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 have stable optical path difference.For above-mentioned monopulse generator structure, the optical path difference of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 has an optimal value, is the odd-multiple of half-wavelength, to obtain monopulse preferably.
Fig. 1 implements disappear the mutually structural representation of the ultrashort monopulse optical generator of formula photonic crystal of 1 light splitting delayed interference, and wherein blank parts is air, and black circle is dielectric rod, linear blank defects is optical waveguide, port one is input end, and port 2 is output terminal, and linear blank 3 and 4 is optical waveguide.
Fig. 2 is the last steady-state light field distribution of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 be embodiment 1 output port light wave electric field amplitude square the time domain response squiggle.
Fig. 4 is the ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference of embodiment 2, and wherein blank parts is air, and black circle is dielectric rod, linear blank defects is optical waveguide, port one is input end, and port 2 is output terminal, and linear blank 3 and 4 is optical waveguide.
Fig. 5 be embodiment 2 output port light wave electric field amplitude square the time domain response squiggle.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference of embodiment 3, and wherein blank parts is air, and black circle is dielectric rod, linear blank defects is optical waveguide, port one is input end, and port 2 is output terminal, and linear blank 3 and 4 is optical waveguide.
Fig. 7 is square time dependent curve of electric field amplitude of light of output port of the ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference of embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The present invention is comprised of the waveguiding structure with light stable path difference based on the 2 D photon crystal line defect.With reference to Fig. 1, monopulse generator is comprised of the medium post of periodic arrangement in air.Round dot wherein is linear high refractive index medium post, and preferably, low-index material (blank parts) is air, and high refractive index medium is elected silicon materials as, and its refractive index is taken as 3.51.In following embodiment, the refractive index of getting air is 1, and the radius that the grating constant a that separately gets photonic crystal is 1 μ m, linear high refractive index medium post is that 0.18 μ m, operation wavelength are 2.984 μ m.
For optical wavelength in optical communication, be 1.55 μ m, flexible principle of invariance according to the Maxwell equation solution, the physical dimension of the physical dimension of structure and all elements in structure is done to the convergent-divergent of same factor, wavelength is done to the equal proportion convergent-divergent simultaneously, the form of separating is constant.The coefficient of reduction that operation wavelength is become to 1.55 μ m by 2.984 μ m is 2.984/1.55=1.92516, in order to make the structure can be in this operating wave strong point work, need grating constant is become to 1 μ m/1.92516=0.5194 μ m, the radius of dielectric rod is become to 0.18 μ m/1.92516=0.0935 μ m.
Specific embodiment 1 as shown in Figure 1, allow medium post 21 * 21 tetragonal lattices array of arranging in the air background, remove therein some dielectric rods, one section optical waveguide is set at the port one place, then light wave is divided into to 2 bundles, allow light wave continue transmission along waveguide 3 and waveguide 4, finally in port 2 coherence stack outputs.Because the dielectric rod of waveguide both sides has been the effect of constraint wave propagation, generally, there are three row's dielectric rods that goodish effect of contraction has been arranged, therefore in the structure shown in Fig. 1,2 row dielectric rods can also be removed at most in the left side, 4 row dielectric rods can also be removed at most in the right, can also remove at most below 1 row dielectric rod.Same reason, the wave guide wall thickening is also smaller on the impact of structure shown in Fig. 1, therefore can increase the dielectric rod of any row in the both sides up and down of structure shown in Fig. 1, increases the dielectric rod of row arbitrarily in its left and right sides.But, when left and right sides increases dielectric rod, the expansion that keep left end input waveguide and right-hand member output waveguide, can not block the input channel of ripple and the output channel of ripple.
Suitably regulate shape and the length (as Fig. 1) of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4, there is the odd-multiple that intensity is suitable, optical path difference is half-wavelength when 2 bundle light waves are met again, the odd-multiple that the light path phase differential is π.
Its course of work is as follows:
When a branch of light wave during from port one incident, at the waveguide crotch near port one, there is respectively make progress waveguide 3 and the waveguide downwards 4 of the light wave of equal amplitudes to propagate; The length of waveguide 3 is less than the length of waveguide 4, and there is a phase differential in two ripples that the difference of these two waveguide lengths causes wherein propagating while arriving output port 2, the odd-multiple that this phase differential of length official post by design waveguide 3 and 4 is π; Arrive the time period t of ports 2 through waveguide 3 from port one being less than light
1in, the lightwave signal amplitude of output terminal is 0; Be greater than t
1, but be less than light, arrive the time t of port 2 through waveguide 4 from port one
2 interior output port 2 has light output, and amplitude is larger; Be greater than t
2constantly rise, light wave output terminal 2 stacks that the two-way phase differential is π, output becomes 0, thereby completes the forming process of monopulse.Consider that waveguide has certain constraint and memory action to light, in waveguide, the foundation of light and disappearance all need to experience a transient process, and the waveform that output terminal obtains is pinnacle, rather than flat-top.
Optics monopulse generator time-based of the present invention postpones principle and interference of light principle.Be divided into two bundles after input light enters waveguide, the light path of two-beam ripple experience is not identical, by suitable change structure and optical path difference, makes two-beam have stable phase differential, produces monopulse after coherence stack.
The above course of work based on mechanism be that (1) postpones principle: during without input signal, be output as 0 when input end 1, when input end 1 has input light, when the light in waveguide 4 not yet arrives output terminal, output terminal only has and comes from the light that waveguide 3 is come; (2) interfere the principle that disappears mutually: when input end 1 has input light, after the light of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 has all propagated into output port, because this two-way light is anti-phase, output becomes 0, and after this output maintains 0 signal, has so completed the forming process of a monopulse.
The confirmation of digital simulation result, this structure can produce monopulse.In the situation that input end applies a continuous wave, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, wherein Fig. 2 is the time shaft end shown in Fig. 3 to digital analogue result, i.e. the field pattern of structure shown in Fig. 1 during ct=1000 μ m, wherein in order to simplify, only to have drawn field intensity and be greater than 0 and be less than the field distribution in 1 zone.The analog result that Fig. 3 provides proves, this structure can produce the ultrashort monopulse of single that half-power width is 70.50 femtoseconds really.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 2, identical with in embodiment 1 of material used.Embodiment 2 is that with the difference of embodiment 1 length and the shape of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 change to some extent.But, in embodiment 2, waveguide 3 and 4 light path phase differential also meet the odd-multiple of half-wavelength, the light path phase differential is also the odd-multiple of π.Fig. 5 applies under a continuous light RST at input end, the output terminal light signal time waveform figure that digital simulation obtains.Fig. 5 demonstration, the structure of Fig. 4 can obtain the single ultrashort pulse that half-power width is 93 femtoseconds.
Fig. 6 is embodiment 3, identical with in embodiment 1 of material used.Embodiment 3 is that with the difference of embodiment 1 length of waveguide 3 and waveguide 4 changes to some extent.But, in embodiment 3, waveguide 3 and 4 light path phase differential also meet the odd-multiple of half-wavelength, the light path phase differential is also the odd-multiple of π.Fig. 7 applies under a continuous light RST at input end, the output terminal light signal time waveform figure that digital simulation obtains.Fig. 7 demonstration, the structure of Fig. 6 can obtain the single ultrashort pulse that half-power width is 72.67 femtoseconds.When simulation, with respect to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, power input has increased by 3 times.
The above the present invention all has improvements in embodiment and range of application, not should be understood to the restriction to invention.
Claims (1)
1. a ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference, it is characterized in that: be included in a photonic crystal input waveguide in 2 D photon crystal, described input waveguide is connected with the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide respectively; Described the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide are connected with the photonic crystal output waveguide; The light path phase difference value of described the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is
odd-multiple, the odd-multiple that path length difference of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is half-wavelength.
2, ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described 2 D photon crystal is the two-dimensional and periodic arrangement by silicon or other high refractive index medium bar and forms in air or other low-refraction background media, the forbidden photon band of this photonic crystal has covered the value of operation wavelength, the low refractive index dielectric material is taken as air, high refractive index medium is taken as silicon, and the grating constant of periodic structure photonic crystal is taken as
, the radius of dielectric rod is taken as 0.18
, operation wavelength is taken as 2.984
.
3, ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described photonic crystal input waveguide, the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal curved waveguide and photonic crystal output waveguide are photon crystal linear defect wave-guide, and the wavelength of the light wave transmitted in waveguide is positioned at the forbidden photon band wavelength coverage of the photonic crystal of waveguide both sides.
4, ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the length of described photonic crystal input waveguide or photonic crystal output waveguide is not less than 3 lattice period or grating constant, the length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide is not less than 12 lattice period or grating constant, and the length of the second photonic crystal curved waveguide is greater than the length of the first photonic crystal curved waveguide.
5, ultra short single pulse light generator with photonic crystals of spectral delay interference according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pulsewidth of the monopulse produced in described waveguiding structure is curved for the first photonic crystal curved waveguide, the second photonic crystal in this structure
The phase differential of bent waveguide, divided by the work circular frequency, is
, wherein
for natural positive integer,
for the operation wavelength circular frequency.
?
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| JP2001330793A (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2001-11-30 | Atr Adaptive Communications Res Lab | Pulse light forming device |
| US6917431B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2005-07-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Mach-Zehnder interferometer using photonic band gap crystals |
| JP5304780B2 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2013-10-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | Optical switch and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2011088367A1 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-21 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Apparatus and method for generating femtosecond pulses via tempotal solition compression in phtonic crystals |
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