CN102590908A - Fresnel prism and method for converting polarization state of terahertz wave - Google Patents
Fresnel prism and method for converting polarization state of terahertz wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Fresnel prism and a method for converting a polarization state of a terahertz wave. The Fresnel prism is in a bar-type columnar shape and is made of a material which can not generate a dispersion effect on the terahertz wave. The Fresnel prism comprises four arris and two side surfaces which are opposite and parallel to each other. The two side surfaces are squares with same side lengths. Each arris is perpendicular to one edge of the each side surface. An included angle alpha of the each arris and the each side surface satisfies a formula (1), wherein n is a refractive index of the making material of the Fresnel prism to the terahertz wave. A length of the each arris satisfies that the terahertz wave of incident linear polarization which is perpendicular to one side surface can emit from another side surface after generating even numbers of total reflections in the Fresnel prism. According to the invention, the polarization states of the multi-color linear polarization terahertz waves can be converted into circular polarization simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the polarization converted technical field of THz wave, particularly relate to a kind of fresnel prism and utilize this fresnel prism to change the method for the polarization state of THz wave.
Background technology
THz wave has peculiar properties such as transient state property, low energy property and coherence, has great scientific value and wide application prospect in a plurality of fields such as satellite communication, Non-Destructive Testing, military radars.And that polarization state is the application of circularly polarized THz wave is more extensive; Especially it is that the research with material inner structures such as biomacromolecule of helical structure provides special light sources, also can use it for anisotropic material (like birefringece crystal, have the biological tissue of fiber orientation etc.) is carried out relevant THz wave ultrabroad band spectral investigation of polarization and structure identification.Thus it is clear that, utilize the circular polarization THz wave to be expected to obtain new great scientific research breakthrough at physics and life science crossing domain.But prior art can only produce the monocycle impulse THz wave that polarization state is a linear polarization, must change its polarization state, could obtain circularly polarized monocycle impulse THz wave.
Prior art is to utilize optical elements such as wave plate to realize the conversion of terahertz polarization attitude; Design the thickness of wave plate according to incident ray polarization Terahertz wave frequency, can make incident ray polarization THz wave after penetrating, become circularly polarized THz wave from wave plate.It is thus clear that; Prior art only is applicable to the conversion of the terahertz polarization attitude of single-frequency; And for the polychrome linear polarization THz wave that comprises multiple frequency content (like the monocycle impulse THz wave of linear polarization), this method is can't be simultaneously all to convert the polarization state of the THz wave of all frequencies into circular polarization state.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of fresnel prism and a kind of method of changing the polarization state of THz wave, can be simultaneously be circular polarization with the polarization converted of polychrome linear polarization THz wave.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is following: a kind of fresnel prism, this fresnel prism are the bar shaped column, by the material of THz wave generation dispersion interaction not being processed;
This fresnel prism comprises four ribs and two relative and parallel sides; Wherein,
Two said sides are the identical square of the length of side;
Every described rib is perpendicular to a limit of each said side, and the angle of every described rib and each said side to satisfy
n wherein be the refractive index of the manufacturing materials of this fresnel prism to THz wave;
The length of every said rib all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a said side incident and in this fresnel prism, takes place after the inferior total reflection of even number from another said side outgoing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: among the present invention, every the rib of fresnel prism and the angle of each side satisfy
can make the linear polarization THz wave perpendicular to a side incident in this fresnel prism, total reflection take place.The length of every rib all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a side incident and in this fresnel prism, takes place after the inferior total reflection of even number from another side outgoing; Like this; The additional bit phase summation of two orthogonal electric field components that THz wave comprised in this fresnel prism is the odd of (pi/2), thereby the polarization state of outgoing THz wave promptly converts circular polarization into.And because this additional bit phase summation is the amount with frequency-independent, so the linear polarization THz wave of all frequencies of incident all converted circular polarization state simultaneously to, thereby realized goal of the invention.In addition; This fresnel prism is by the material of THz wave generation dispersion interaction not being processed; Its two sides are relative and parallel; Every rib is perpendicular to a limit of each side; This has guaranteed that the position that total reflection takes place for linear polarization THz wave perpendicular to a side incident is on two parallel relative interfaces in fresnel prism, and can be on two adjacent interfaces, thereby the exit direction of THz wave also just can be confirmed as perpendicular to another side; This has prevented that effectively THz wave from break-in taking place when outgoing, it is in full accord to make two orthogonal electric field components that THz wave comprised of all frequencies that the additional bit phase summation of total reflection take place in fresnel prism.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement:
Further, process by high density polyethylene or High Resistivity Si.
Further, be parallel beam perpendicular to the said THz wave of the linear polarization of a said side incident, its beam cross-section is circular;
Then the length of side of said side is not less than the beam diameter of this THz wave.
Further, the said THz wave perpendicular to the linear polarization of a said side incident is the monocycle impulse THz wave.
Further, the length of every said rib all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a said side incident and in this fresnel prism, takes place after 2 total reflections from another said side outgoing.
Further, the minimum length L of the length of side a of each said side and every said rib satisfies
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of method of changing the polarization state of THz wave, and the realization of this method is based on above-mentioned fresnel prism; This method comprises:
Step 1: with any said side of said fresnel prism as the incident interface, with its another said side as the outgoing interface; The THz wave of linear polarization is injected said fresnel prism perpendicular to said incident interface;
Step 2: even number time total reflection takes place in said THz wave in said fresnel prism, the reflecting interface of each said total reflection is the interface of medium and air;
Step 3: the THz wave that penetrates from said outgoing interface is circularly polarized THz wave.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the fresnel prism of the present invention's proposition;
Fig. 2 is the side view of the fresnel prism of the present invention's proposition;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the fresnel prism of the present invention's proposition;
The synoptic diagram of the embodiment that Fig. 4 propagates in the fresnel prism that the present invention proposes for THz wave.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing principle of the present invention and characteristic are described, institute gives an actual example and only is used to explain the present invention, is not to be used to limit scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively structural drawing, side view and the vertical view of the fresnel prism of the present invention's proposition.Prism is a kind of object that is surrounded by the plane of intersecting in twos, and fresnel prism is a kind of of prism.In fresnel prism, the plane of confession light incident and outgoing all is called the side of this fresnel prism.
Shown in Fig. 1-3; This fresnel prism is the bar shaped column, and it prevents to cause because of THz wave portion's generation within it chromatic dispersion the THz wave break-in of outgoing by the material of THz wave generation dispersion interaction not being processed; The preferred embodiment of the manufacturing materials of this fresnel prism is high density polyethylene or High Resistivity Si; These two kinds of materials not only do not produce dispersion interaction to THz wave, and the loss that THz wave is caused is also very little, thereby have guaranteed the energy density of the THz wave of outgoing.
Fresnel prism shown in Fig. 1-3 comprises four ribs and two relative and parallel sides.The equal in length of every rib is L, and two sides are the identical square of the length of side, indicate with M and N respectively.
For two adjacent sides on the side are distinguished, Fig. 1-3 usefulness a and b indicate the length of two adjacent sides of side respectively, because two sides are square, and the length of side is identical, thereby a here numerically equates with b.
In the fresnel prism provided by the present invention, every rib is perpendicular to a limit of each side, and shown in Fig. 1-3, arbitrary rib all is the limit of b perpendicular to top, arbitrary side is long.
In addition; It is the refractive index of the manufacturing materials of this fresnel prism to THz wave that the angle of every rib and each side satisfies
n wherein; Shown in Fig. 1-3; Because every rib is that the limit of b is vertical with the length of side all, thereby the angle of each rib and each side is corresponding rib and the length of side is the angle on the limit of a.The angle of rib and side satisfies
can make the THz wave perpendicular to the incident of arbitrary side in this fresnel prism inside total reflection take place, thereby two orthogonal electric field components that this THz wave is comprised produce the additional bit phases.According to this quantitative relation, select for use in the manufacturing materials of this fresnel prism under the situation of high density polyethylene, the n here is 1.525, then α equals 55.7 °.
In the fresnel prism provided by the present invention, the length L of every rib all will satisfy the THz wave that makes perpendicular to the linear polarization of a side incident and in this fresnel prism, take place after the even number time total reflection just from another side outgoing.This condition that L satisfied means; The additional bit phase summation that two orthogonal electric field components that THz wave comprised obtain in fresnel prism is the odd of (pi/2); Circular polarization when the linear polarization when like this, the polarization state of THz wave is just by incident converts outgoing into.In addition; Because after L confirmed, this additional bit phase summation was a constant, has nothing to do with the Terahertz wave frequency; Even thereby the THz wave of the linear polarization of incident is polychrome (being that frequency is not single); Also can all convert circular polarization state into from the THz wave of another side outgoing of this fresnel prism, therefore, the present invention has realized converting the polarization state of the polychrome linear polarization THz wave of incident into circularly polarized goal of the invention simultaneously.
In order to reduce the loss of fresnel prism as far as possible to THz wave; Guarantee the energy density of outgoing THz wave; Among the present invention, the preferred embodiment of the length L of every rib is: L all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a side incident to be taken place in this fresnel prism after 2 total reflections from another side outgoing, and Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram that total reflection was propagated and taken place to THz wave in this embodiment; The visual angle of this figure is identical with Fig. 2, is the side-looking visual angle.
This shows; Among the present invention, every the rib of fresnel prism and the angle of each side satisfy
can make the linear polarization THz wave perpendicular to a side incident in this fresnel prism, total reflection take place.The length of every rib all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a side incident and in this fresnel prism, takes place after the inferior total reflection of even number from another side outgoing; Like this; The additional bit phase summation of two orthogonal electric field components that THz wave comprised in this fresnel prism is the odd of (pi/2), thereby the polarization state of outgoing THz wave promptly converts circular polarization into.And because this additional bit phase summation is the amount with frequency-independent, so the linear polarization THz wave of all frequencies of incident all converted circular polarization state simultaneously to, thereby realized goal of the invention.In addition; This fresnel prism is by the material of THz wave generation dispersion interaction not being processed; Its two sides are relative and parallel; Every rib is perpendicular to a limit of each side; This has guaranteed that the position that total reflection takes place for linear polarization THz wave perpendicular to a side incident is on two parallel relative interfaces in fresnel prism, and can be on two adjacent interfaces, thereby the exit direction of THz wave also just can be confirmed as perpendicular to another side; This has prevented that effectively THz wave from break-in taking place when outgoing, it is in full accord to make two orthogonal electric field components that THz wave comprised of all frequencies that the additional bit phase summation of total reflection take place in fresnel prism.
The generation of the THz wave of existing linear polarization is based on mechanism such as optical rectification, photoconduction antenna or laser excitation air plasma and the parallel beam that gives off; Its beam cross-section is circular; The THz wave that is above-mentioned linear polarization perpendicular to a side incident is a parallel beam, and its beam cross-section is circular, in the fresnel prism then provided by the present invention; The length of side of each side (a among Fig. 1-3 and b) is not less than the beam diameter of this THz wave; This polarization state that can guarantee all incident THz waves all can be changed by this fresnel prism simultaneously, do not have energy loss, thereby the energy that has effectively guaranteed the circular polarization THz wave of outgoing reaches user demand.The minimal value of the side length of side equals the beam diameter of the THz wave of incident, thereby the side is the circumscribed square of this circular terahertz wave beam.
The present invention can convert the polarization state of the polychrome THz wave of incident into circular polarization by linear polarization simultaneously; An embodiment of this polychrome linear polarization THz wave of incident is the monocycle impulse THz wave, and the THz wave of promptly above-mentioned linear polarization perpendicular to a side incident is the monocycle impulse THz wave.
In the fresnel prism provided by the present invention; As long as the length L of rib satisfy makes the THz wave perpendicular to the linear polarization of a side incident in this fresnel prism, take place after inferior (preferred embodiment the is 2 times) total reflection of even number can to realize goal of the invention again from another side outgoing; And be that the length of side of side (a and b) can guarantee that the energy density of the THz wave of outgoing reaches user demand as long as be not less than beam diameter under the situation of parallel beam in circular beam cross section at THz wave.For L and a (and b) are coordinated each other; Reduce the use of material; Among the present invention; The length of side a (and b) of each side and the minimum length L of every rib can also further be set, make the relation that the two satisfies
, like this; Both realized above-mentioned goal of the invention; Make the energy density of the circular polarization THz wave of outgoing satisfy user demand, saved the use of fresnel prism manufacturing materials again, reached the purpose that economizes on resources, reduces cost.
The invention allows for a kind of method of changing the polarization state of THz wave; The realization of this method is based on above-mentioned fresnel prism; The purpose of this method is; Convert the polarization state of the polychrome THz wave of injecting fresnel prism into circular polarization simultaneously by linear polarization, promptly the polychrome THz wave of linear polarization is after injecting this fresnel prism, and the polarization state of the polychrome THz wave of outgoing all converts circular polarization into.
With Fig. 4 is that example describes, and this method comprises:
Step 1: with any side (like side M) of fresnel prism as the incident interface, with its another side (like side N) as the outgoing interface; The THz wave of linear polarization is injected fresnel prism perpendicular to incident interface M.
THz wave is as a kind of electromagnetic wave; Its propagation law is deferred to the electromagnetic wave propagation rule; Promptly perpendicular to the THz wave of the interface incident of two kinds of materials; After injecting second kind of material (being fresnel prism among the present invention) from first kind of material (being air the present invention), its propagation law remains unchanged.Therefore, after the THz wave of linear polarization was injected fresnel prism perpendicular to incident interface M, the direction of propagation remained unchanged, and then arrived the interface of fresnel prism and air for the first time.
Step 2: even number time total reflection takes place in THz wave in fresnel prism, the reflecting interface of each total reflection is the interface of medium and air.
Medium in this step refers to the manufacturing materials of fresnel prism.
THz wave arrives after the interface of fresnel prism and air in step 1; Since above-mentioned every rib and each side angle satisfies
thereby THz wave can total reflection take place at this interface, this is that propagation law by electromagnetic wave (being THz wave among the present invention) determines.
Because in the fresnel prism proposed by the invention; The length of every rib all satisfies the condition that (like the side N Fig. 4) outgoing from another side after even number time (Fig. 4 embodiment is 2 times) total reflection takes place the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a side (like the side M among Fig. 4) incident in this fresnel prism; Thereby even number time total reflection can take place in THz wave in this fresnel prism; Each total reflection all occurs on the interface of fresnel prism and air, and all carries out in fresnel prism inside.
THz wave comprises orthogonal two electric field components; These two electric field components are after THz wave is through even number time total reflection; The additional bit phase summation that is obtained is the odd of (pi/2), and this additional bit phase summation and frequency-independent, is a constant; This means; The polychrome THz wave of linear polarization is after the inferior total reflection through even number, and two additional bit phase summations that orthogonal electric field component obtained that THz wave comprised of all frequencies are the odd of (pi/2), thereby the polarization state of the THz wave of all frequencies all becomes circular polarization.
Step 3: the THz wave that penetrates from the outgoing interface is circularly polarized THz wave.
The incident THz wave of linear polarization passes through in step 2 after the even number time total reflection; The THz wave that penetrates from the outgoing interface (like the side N Fig. 4) of fresnel prism is circularly polarized THz wave, and the circular polarization state of this outgoing THz wave can be verified with the method that the Terahertz energy receiver combines by existing electro-optic sampling detection method and existing terahertz polarization sheet.
This shows that the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) among the present invention, every the rib of fresnel prism and the angle of each side satisfy
can make the linear polarization THz wave perpendicular to a side incident in this fresnel prism, total reflection take place.The length of every rib all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a side incident and in this fresnel prism, takes place after the inferior total reflection of even number from another side outgoing; Like this; The additional bit phase summation of two orthogonal electric field components that THz wave comprised in this fresnel prism is the odd of (pi/2), thereby the polarization state of outgoing THz wave promptly converts circular polarization into.And because this additional bit phase summation is the amount with frequency-independent, so the linear polarization THz wave of all frequencies of incident all converted circular polarization state simultaneously to, thereby realized goal of the invention.In addition; This fresnel prism is by the material of THz wave generation dispersion interaction not being processed; Its two sides are relative and parallel; Every rib is perpendicular to a limit of each side; This has guaranteed that the position that total reflection takes place for linear polarization THz wave perpendicular to a side incident is on two parallel relative interfaces in fresnel prism, and can be on two adjacent interfaces, thereby the exit direction of THz wave also just can be confirmed as perpendicular to another side; This has prevented that effectively THz wave from break-in taking place when outgoing, it is in full accord to make two orthogonal electric field components that THz wave comprised of all frequencies that the additional bit phase summation of total reflection take place in fresnel prism.
(2) fresnel prism among the present invention is made with high density polyethylene or High Resistivity Si, can prevent THz wave generation chromatic dispersion, reduces the loss of THz wave in the polarization converted process, improves the energy density of outgoing THz wave.
(3) in the fresnel prism provided by the present invention; The length of side of each side is not less than the beam diameter of incident THz wave; This polarization state that can guarantee all incident THz waves all can be changed by this fresnel prism simultaneously; Do not have energy loss, thereby the energy that has effectively guaranteed the circular polarization THz wave of outgoing reaches user demand.
(4) the present invention is provided with the length L of length of side a (and b) Yu every rib of each side; Make the relation that the two satisfies
; Like this; Both realized above-mentioned goal of the invention; Make the energy density of the circular polarization THz wave of outgoing satisfy user demand, saved the use of fresnel prism manufacturing materials again, reached the purpose that economizes on resources, reduces cost.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a fresnel prism is characterized in that, this fresnel prism is the bar shaped column, by the material of THz wave generation dispersion interaction not being processed;
This fresnel prism comprises four ribs and two relative and parallel sides; Wherein,
Two said sides are the identical square of the length of side;
Every described rib is perpendicular to a limit of each said side, and the angle of every described rib and each said side to satisfy
n wherein be the refractive index of the manufacturing materials of this fresnel prism to THz wave;
The length of every said rib all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a said side incident and in this fresnel prism, takes place after the inferior total reflection of even number from another said side outgoing.
2. fresnel prism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is processed by high density polyethylene or High Resistivity Si.
3. fresnel prism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is parallel beam perpendicular to the said THz wave of the linear polarization of a said side incident, and its beam cross-section is circular;
Then the length of side of said side is not less than the beam diameter of this THz wave.
4. according to the described fresnel prism of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, is the monocycle impulse THz wave perpendicular to the said THz wave of the linear polarization of a said side incident.
5. fresnel prism according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the length of every said rib all satisfies the THz wave make perpendicular to the linear polarization of a said side incident and in this fresnel prism, takes place after 2 total reflections from another said side outgoing.
6. fresnel prism according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the length of side a of each said side and the minimum length L of every said rib satisfy
7. method of changing the polarization state of THz wave, the realization of this method is based on the described fresnel prism of claim 1; It is characterized in that this method comprises:
Step 1: with any said side of said fresnel prism as the incident interface, with its another said side as the outgoing interface; The THz wave of linear polarization is injected said fresnel prism perpendicular to said incident interface;
Step 2: even number time total reflection takes place in said THz wave in said fresnel prism, the reflecting interface of each said total reflection is the interface of medium and air;
Step 3: the THz wave that penetrates from said outgoing interface is circularly polarized THz wave.
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| CN110221365A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-09-10 | 浙江大学 | A kind of reflection type polarization switching device of Terahertz frequency range |
| CN111916976A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Spin-emission-based ultra-wideband polarization tunable terahertz radiation source |
| CN115128823A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-30 | 上海理工大学 | Terahertz polarization state conversion method based on orthogonal parallel plates |
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| CN111916976A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Spin-emission-based ultra-wideband polarization tunable terahertz radiation source |
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| CN115128823B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2024-03-15 | 上海理工大学 | Terahertz polarization state conversion method based on orthogonal parallel plates |
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