CN102589748A - Environmental temperature measurement method based on optical fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an environmental temperature measurement method based on an optical fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin principle. An optical fiber sensing system is composed of a semiconductor laser device, a circulator, a photoelectric detector and a sensing optical cable. In a measurement process, pulse light sent out by the semiconductor laser device is injected into the sensing optical cable through the circulator, back side Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering signals of the sensing optical cable are received from the circulator by the photoelectric detector, so that heterodyne frequency mixing is carried out on the signals in the photoelectric detector; then, an output signal of the photoelectric detector is used for determining a Rayleigh frequency shift of each point on the sensing optical cable; and finally, the temperature of each point on an optical fiber is calculated by utilizing a relation model between the Rayleigh frequency shift and the temperature, so as to realize temperature measurement. Compared with the conventional method, the requirement on a light source line width is reduced, an external modulating unit is saved, the system structure is simplified, the system cost is reduced and the system performance is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing optical fiber testing environment Temperature Distribution situation, belong to field of measuring technique.
Background technology
Optical fiber Brillouin temperature profile measuring technique is a kind of novel measuring technique; Having only needs one-shot measurement can obtain along the tested field distribution information of whole optical fiber; Measuring accuracy height, accurate positioning, distance sensing can reach distinct advantages such as kilometers up to a hundred, have broad application prospects in fields such as industry heavy construction structural health situation on-line monitorings such as electric power, oil, geology, water conservancy, building and localizations of fault.
The measuring accuracy, measurement range and the spatial resolution that in temperature survey, are reached based on the profile sensing technology of optical fiber Brillouin scattering all are higher than other sensing technology, and therefore this technology has caused widely and pays close attention to.At present, the research direction based on the profile sensing technology of optical fiber Brillouin scattering mainly contains: 1. based on the profile optical fiber sensing technology of Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR); 2. based on the profile optical fiber sensing technology of Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA); 3. based on the profile optical fiber sensing technology of Brillouin light frequency-domain analysis (BOFDA).
In above-mentioned three kinds of sensor-based systems, the BOTDR sensor-based system is simple in structure, only needs a light source, can single-endedly measure, and is easy to operate, supports breakpoint to detect, so the most extensive to this Study on Technology.
The domestic and international optical fiber Brillouin temperature profile of analysis-by-synthesis sensor-based system, light source all adopts narrow linewidth laser, and obtains required light pulse through external modulation, and system is too complicated, and very expensive, has improved the temperature detection cost greatly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome prior art deficiency, provide a kind of cheaply based on the environment temperature measuring method of fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle.
The alleged problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle; It utilizes semiconductor laser, circulator, photoelectric detector and sensing optic cable to form optical fiber sensing system; When measuring temperature; Sensing optic cable is placed test environment, and the pulsed light that semiconductor laser is sent injects sensing optic cable through circulator, and utilizes photoelectric detector to receive Rayleigh scattering dorsad and brillouin scattering signal from sensing optic cable from circulator; Make the two in photoelectric detector, carry out heterodyne mixing, confirm the Brillouin shift of every bit on the sensing optic cable then by the output signal of photoelectric detector
, utilize the relational model of Brillouin shift and temperature at last
Calculate the temperature of every bit on the optical fiber, thereby realize temperature survey, wherein,
Frequency displacement for the Brillouin scattering under the reference temperature;
TBe the variation of temperature amount;
Be the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient.
Above-mentioned environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle, the output spectrum of said semiconductor laser is made up of a plurality of spectral lines.
Above-mentioned environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle, confirm that by the output signal of photoelectric detector the concrete steps of Brillouin shift
of every bit on the sensing optic cable are following:
A. the output terminal at photoelectric detector is provided with frequency changer; Said frequency changer comprises low noise amplifier, frequency mixer, frequency synthesizer and electrical filter; The electric signal of photoelectric detector output carries out heterodyne mixing with the microwave signal of frequency synthesizer output in frequency mixer after low noise amplifier amplifies, the difference frequency signal of frequency mixer output is transported to signal extraction unit after electrical filter is handled;
B. the centre frequency of regulating frequency synthesizer utilizes signal extraction unit to accomplish the collection of signal, obtains brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time;
C. change the centre frequency of frequency synthesizer, again with the frequency displacement of brillouin scattering signal
v B Carry out heterodyne mixing; Promptly obtain other brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time; Re-adjustments frequency synthesizer step-length; Thereby obtain the brillouin scattering signal intensity of a series of corresponding different frequencies and the two-dimensional curve of time, finally obtain the three-dimensional curve about signal intensity, frequency, time of corresponding whole signal spectrum, each on the time shaft of this three-dimensional curve put a point on the corresponding optical fiber;
D. each point along fiber distribution simulates Lorentz curve, and the pairing frequency values of signal intensity maximal value is the Brillouin shift of this point on the Lorentz curve.
Above-mentioned environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle, the pulsed light that semiconductor laser sends used the adjustable gain image intensifer to amplify before getting into circulator, and by the noise signal of wave filter filtering by the image intensifer introducing.
The semiconductor laser that the present invention adopts is general semiconductor laser instrument (Laser diode; The LD light source), semiconductor laser is directly modulated, carried out temperature survey with the method for same fiber Rayleigh and the detection of Brillouin scattering heterodyne mixing, compare with the narrow linewidth laser about the 1MHz of traditional method use; It has reduced the requirement to the light source live width; Adopt the general semiconductor laser instrument to get final product, it has saved the external modulation unit, has simplified system architecture; Reduce system cost, improved system performance.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is made further detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the spectral composition synoptic diagram of common LD light source;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of optical fiber sensing system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of frequency changer;
The three-dimensional curve synoptic diagram of the signal intensity that Fig. 4 sensor-based system of the present invention measures, frequency, time;
Fig. 5 is to the optical fiber point place measurement data Lorentz curve that carries out the Lorentz match, obtain repeatedly.
Used symbol in the literary composition:
, Brillouin shift; BOTDR, Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry; BOTDA, Brillouin optical time domain analysis;
, the Brillouin scattering under the reference temperature frequency displacement;
T,The variation of temperature amount;
, the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient; LD, semiconductor laser;
P, power;
E(
t) go into to inject the electric field of optical fiber;
, a plurality of spectral lines the electric field of Rayleigh scattering light;
, a plurality of spectral lines the electric field of Brillouin scattering;
v s , the Stokes light frequency;
v As , the anti-Stokes light frequency;
n, medium refraction index,
C , the light velocity in the vacuum;
V a , the velocity of sound in the optical fiber;
E, medium Young modulus;
μ, the medium Poisson ratio;
ρ,Media density.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on the principle proposition:
For common LD, its output spectrum is made up of a lot of spectral lines, and the wide more stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value of light source frequency spectrum is high more, and the launched power that sensor-based system allows is big more, and Brillouin's signal is strong more.This ordinary light source can reduce the Rayleigh coherent noise, therefore can obtain system signal noise ratio preferably.The LD output spectrum is as shown in Figure 1, and its output power is calculated formula and provided by (1) formula, wherein
iSequence number number for the output spectrum spectral line.
If go into to inject the electric field of optical fiber be:
The electric field of the Rayleigh scattering light of a plurality of spectral lines that the optical fiber same position produces can be expressed as
（2）
In the formula (2)
RThe expression Rayleigh scattering signal.
The electric field of the Brillouin scattering of a plurality of spectral lines that the optical fiber same position produces can be expressed as
In the formula (3)
BThe expression brillouin scattering signal,
jSequence number number for the output spectrum spectral line.
Photoelectric detector detects back-scattering light, and responsiveness is α, and its output photocurrent can be expressed as
Will
E R(
t) and
E B(
t) substitution gets
Preceding two is direct current signal, therefore only need analyze the multiplication cross item,
（6）
When
i=
jThe time; Brillouin scattering signal and Rayleigh scattering signal that a certain light source self spectral line produces carry out heterodyne mixing; Because the two has definite phase relation; So output signal frequency equals Brillouin shift, Brillouin scattering that each spectral line of light source produces and Rayleigh scattering heterodyne mixing output signal are superimposed upon
The place shows as peak value.And work as
i≠
jThe time; Heterodyne mixing between heterodyne mixing, each spectral line of Brillouin scattering between each spectral line of Rayleigh scattering that each spectral line of light source produces in optical fiber, and heterodyne mixing between Rayleigh scattering and each spectral line of Brillouin scattering are because the coherence is very poor between them; The phase place stochastic distribution; Signal behind the heterodyne mixing is superimposed, and shows as a kind of ground unrest at random, and intensity is lower.
So directly modulation is not only cheap, simple in structure to adopt common LD, and can obtain signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) preferably.The problem poor to common LD coherence, that light frequency stability is lower needs further to analyze.
Though the coherence of common LD is very poor, same light source spectral line must be concerned with in Rayleigh scattering and the Brillouin scattering that the optical fiber same point produces; Along in the process of transmission dorsad, as long as the delay inequality of the Rayleigh scattering that causes of fibre-optical dispersion and Brillouin scattering is less than the coherence time of binary signal, the two promptly keeps the coherence.
Although the stability of common LD output light frequency is lower; And realize through the drive current of modulation LD again; The modulation center of luminous power certainly leads to frequency chirp, still, and in process to Rayleigh scattering in the same optical fiber and the detection of Brillouin scattering heterodyne mixing; The frequency drift of light source and frequency chirp can be cancelled out each other, thereby can the detection of Brillouin's signal not exerted an influence.
Because common LD spectral line broad, when adopting common LD as system source, optical fiber has the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value when adopting the single mode light source, therefore can improve the launched power of system.In addition, common LD light source can reduce the Rayleigh coherent noise, and the light source frequency spectrum is wide more, and the Rayleigh coherent noise is low more, therefore adopts common LD can obtain system signal noise ratio preferably.
Suppose that the LD output spectrum is smooth, then the LD output spectrum is wide more, and promptly the spectral line number is many more, and brillouin scattering signal is strong more, thereby helps improving measuring accuracy, spatial resolution and distance sensing.The suitably frequency response of design photoelectric detector; The combination frequency that frequency is not equal to Brillouin shift has all exceeded the sensing range of photoelectric detector like
etc., does not consider.
Therefore, Rayleigh scattering in the same optical fiber and Brillouin scattering are carried out self-heterodyne mixing detection, with obtaining the Brillouin difference frequency signal of intensity much larger than cross modulation.
Because Brillouin shift is directly proportional with temperature signal, thereby just can obtain temperature information through detecting Brillouin shift.
Below, describe with reference to Brillouin's temperature measurement system of relevant drawings content design according to the present invention.
At first, introduce the principle of utilizing optical fiber Brillouin scatterometry temperature.
According to classical theory; Any medium is under the above temperature of absolute zero; All exist by the formed continuous Elasticity vibration of its constituent particle (atom, molecule or ion) spontaneous heating campaign; This elastic vibration causes that Media density rises and falls with space periodicity in time, correspondingly in spontaneous acoustic wavefield of the inner generation of medium.When the light orientation incides in the medium, it will receive the scattering of spontaneous acoustic wavefield in the medium, Brillouin scattering that Here it is.Stokes scattering light in the Brillouin scattering and anti Stokes scattering light are called Brillouin shift with respect to the frequency displacement of incident light, and it is by acoustic characteristic, Elasticity and the decision of thermoelasticity characteristic of medium, in addition with the incident light frequency
v 0And scattering angle
Relevant.Brillouin shift
v B Can be expressed as:
In the formula,
v s Be the Stokes light frequency;
v As Be the anti-Stokes light frequency;
nBe medium refraction index,
C Be the light velocity in the vacuum;
V a Be the velocity of sound in the optical fiber.The velocity of sound wherein
V a Provide by following formula
In the formula,
E,
μWith
ρBe respectively Young modulus, Poisson ratio and the density of medium.For common quartz medium optical fiber; Its scattered light mainly occurs in dorsad; Therefore in the analysis of back; Only consider the situation of backscattering, i.e.
.
In optical fiber, exist thermo-optic effect, temperature changes optical fibre refractivity through thermo-optic effect, and makes simultaneously
E,
μWith
ρChange, thus the Brillouin shift of change optical fiber.Therefore,
n,
E,
μWith
ρAnd
v BBe temperature
TFunction, might as well be designated as
n(
T),
E(
T),
μ(
T),
ρ(
T) and
v B(
T), so can get by formula (7) and formula (8)
Therefore, can obtain the distributed intelligence of temperature, realize optical-fiber temperature measuring through the size of measuring optical fiber difference place Brillouin shift.Through a large amount of experimental study and theoretical analysises, set up the relational model of following brillouin frequency shifts and temperature:
Wherein,
v B0 Frequency displacement for the Brillouin scattering under the reference temperature;
TBe the variation of temperature amount;
C VT Be the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient.For the sensor-based system of a reality, through to the calibration of system and data are carried out match can obtain coefficient
C VT Quantitative values, thereby set up the quantitative relationship of accurate brillouin frequency shifts and temperature, realize that temperature accurately measures.
In the exemplifying embodiment below, measure Brillouin shift, can calculate temperature variation according to formula (10) according to sensor-based system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 has provided the structural representation of optical fiber sensing system, and concrete structure comprises common LD light source, pulse producer, adjustable gain image intensifer, optical filter, circulator, sensor fibre, photoelectric detector, frequency changer, clock control cell, signal extraction unit and information output and display unit.
In order to realize the profile measurement, need be to sensor fibre injected pulse light, this system becomes pulsed light through the mode of direct modulation with Laser Modulation.The clock control cell trigger generator; Pulse producer is started working; Produce the pulse signal that compliance with system requires; This pulse signal makes it send pulsed light through the drive current of the driving circuit semiconductor laser modulation of semiconductor laser, and this moment, luminous power was lower, needs to amplify through the adjustable gain image intensifer.Image intensifer can be introduced spontaneous emission noise to system, needs to equal through bandwidth this noise signal of optical filter filtering of light source spectrum width.Pulsed light after the denoising 1 mouthful through circulator is injected in the sensor fibre.Regulate the gain of image intensifer, make the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value of launched power less than sensor fibre.Light transmits in optical fiber; Can produce Rayleigh scattering and Brillouin scattering; Occur in dorsad Rayleigh scattering and brillouin scattering signal along the optical fiber reverse transfer, arrive 2 mouthfuls of circulator, scattered light in circulator one-way transmission through 3 mouthfuls of outputs; The back-scattering light of output is converted into electric signal through photoelectric detector, and electric signal carries out conversion and processing through frequency changer.
The structure of frequency changer is provided by Fig. 3, specifically comprises low noise amplifier, frequency synthesizer, frequency mixer and wave filter.Backscatter signals is after photoelectric detector is converted into electric signal, because back-scattering light is very faint, frequency need be amplified it with low noise amplifier about 11GHz.Frequency synthesizer produces the microwave signal about 11GHz; Electric signal after the amplification carries out heterodyne mixing through the microwave signal of frequency mixer and frequency synthesizer generation; Produce one and frequency component and a difference frequency component behind the heterodyne mixing; Wave filter filtering and frequency component and noise, the residue difference frequency component is to treat further processing.
Clock control cell trigger pip extraction unit; Accomplish the processing and the extraction of output information; And carry out the output and the demonstration of information through information output and display unit, and obtain intensity, frequency, the three-dimensional curve of time about brillouin spectrum, thus the realization temperature survey.
When specifically measuring, the centre frequency of regulating frequency synthesizer makes the frequency displacement of the brillouin scattering signal of its output microwave signal and photoelectric detector output
v B Frequency difference drop in the lower frequency band, through signal extraction unit, accomplish the collection of signal, obtain brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time.Then, the stepping of regulating frequency synthesizer changes its centre frequency, again with the frequency displacement of brillouin scattering signal
v B Carry out heterodyne mixing, promptly obtain other brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time.Re-adjustments frequency synthesizer step-length; Thereby obtain the brillouin scattering signal intensity of a series of corresponding different frequencies and the two-dimensional curve of time; Reach scanning, finally obtain three-dimensional curve, measure curve synoptic diagram and provide through Fig. 4 about intensity, frequency, time to whole signal spectrum.Each point along fiber distribution simulates Lorentz curve as shown in Figure 5, and the maximum point frequency value corresponding is a Brillouin shift on the Lorentz curve, thereby realizes the measurement to temperature.
Claims (4)
1. environment temperature measuring method based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle; It is characterized in that; It utilizes semiconductor laser, circulator, photoelectric detector and sensing optic cable to form optical fiber sensing system, when measuring temperature, sensing optic cable is placed test environment; The pulsed light that semiconductor laser is sent injects sensing optic cable through circulator; And utilize photoelectric detector to receive Rayleigh scattering dorsad and brillouin scattering signal from sensing optic cable from circulator, and make the two in photoelectric detector, carry out heterodyne mixing, confirm the Brillouin shift of every bit on the sensing optic cable then by the output signal of photoelectric detector
, utilize the relational model of Brillouin shift and temperature at last
Calculate the temperature of every bit on the optical fiber, thereby realize temperature survey, wherein,
Frequency displacement for the Brillouin scattering under the reference temperature;
TBe the variation of temperature amount;
Be the Brillouin shift temperature coefficient.
2. according to the said environment temperature measuring method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the output spectrum of said semiconductor laser is made up of a plurality of spectral lines based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle.
3. according to the said environment temperature measuring method of claim 2 based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle; It is characterized in that, confirm that by the output signal of photoelectric detector Brillouin shift
, its concrete steps of every bit on the sensing optic cable are following:
A. the output terminal at photoelectric detector is provided with frequency changer; Said frequency changer comprises low noise amplifier, frequency mixer, frequency synthesizer and electrical filter; The electric signal of photoelectric detector output carries out heterodyne mixing with the microwave signal of frequency synthesizer output in frequency mixer after low noise amplifier amplifies, the difference frequency signal of frequency mixer output is transported to signal extraction unit after electrical filter is handled;
B. the centre frequency of regulating frequency synthesizer utilizes signal extraction unit to accomplish the collection of signal, obtains brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time;
C. change the centre frequency of frequency synthesizer, again with the frequency displacement of brillouin scattering signal
v B Carry out heterodyne mixing; Promptly obtain other brillouin scattering signal intensity and the two-dimensional curve of time; Re-adjustments frequency synthesizer step-length; Thereby obtain the brillouin scattering signal intensity of a series of corresponding different frequencies and the two-dimensional curve of time, finally obtain the three-dimensional curve about signal intensity, frequency, time of corresponding whole signal spectrum, each on the time shaft of this three-dimensional curve put a point on the corresponding optical fiber;
D. each point along fiber distribution simulates Lorentz curve, and the pairing frequency values of signal intensity maximal value is the Brillouin shift of this point on the Lorentz curve.
4. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 said environment temperature measuring methods based on fiber Rayleigh and Brillouin's principle; It is characterized in that; The pulsed light that semiconductor laser sends also should use the adjustable gain image intensifer to amplify before getting into circulator, and by the noise signal of wave filter filtering by the image intensifer introducing.
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| CN106017521B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-06-04 | 冲电气工业株式会社 | Measuring device and measurement method |
| CN106017521A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-12 | 冲电气工业株式会社 | Measuring apparatus and measuring method |
| CN107290063A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-10-24 | 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 | A kind of ocean temperature measuring method and system |
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| CN109556527A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 冲电气工业株式会社 | Fibre strain measurement device and fibre strain measuring method |
| CN109556527B (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2020-10-30 | 冲电气工业株式会社 | Optical fiber strain measuring device and optical fiber strain measuring method |
| CN109632863A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-16 | 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 | Specific heat at constant volume measuring method, device, equipment and the storage medium of atmosphere |
| CN110501092A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-26 | 华北电力大学（保定） | A kind of Brillouin light fiber sensor system temperature extraction method |
| CN112697180A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-23 | 南京大学 | Fusion type distributed optical fiber sensing system and method for simultaneously measuring temperature and vibration |
| CN113008281A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-22 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing system based on fusion of Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering |
| CN113819931A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-21 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | BOTDR and BOTDA fusion used Brillouin frequency shift extraction method |
| CN113819931B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-06-16 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Brillouin frequency shift extraction method for BOTDR and BOTDA fusion |
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