CN102589425A - Measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope - Google Patents
Measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope Download PDFInfo
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- CN102589425A CN102589425A CN201210008206XA CN201210008206A CN102589425A CN 102589425 A CN102589425 A CN 102589425A CN 201210008206X A CN201210008206X A CN 201210008206XA CN 201210008206 A CN201210008206 A CN 201210008206A CN 102589425 A CN102589425 A CN 102589425A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring method for a unit panel of a reflecting surface of a spherical radio telescope. The measuring method can effectively solve the problem of rapidly and accurately measuring the unit panel of the spherical radio telescope. The measuring method comprises the following steps of: laying circular directional reflective signs on 66 adjusting nodes of each panel, placing a code sign framework on a signal panel, and laying code signs on the code sign frameworks, and calculating the sizes of artificial signs; pushing unit antenna panels into the code sign frameworks, and moving a camera for measurement; calculating through a photographic surveying system, and finishing the splicing of images and the transfer of coordinate relationships between measuring points; and carrying out optimal calculation by using a measured data analysis system, a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) model and measuring data to obtain the profile accuracy of the panel, and leading out a three-dimensional displayed deviation value needle-like pattern and a deviation value data statement, thereby finishing the measurement of the unit panel of the spherical radio telescope. The measuring method has the advantages of simpleness, easiness in operation, small labor intensity, fast speed, time and labor saving and high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sphere radio telescope (FAST) reflecting surface unit panel measuring method.
Background technology
Sphere radio telescope (FAST) beforehand research is studied carefully and is started from 1994, is presided over by State Astronomical Observatory, CAS, and over one hundred key scientific and technological personnel's participation of university of institute and research institute has broad co-operation with English, lotus, moral, Australia, U.S.A etc. surplus the whole nation 20.In July, 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission agrees in principle to list 500 meters bore sphere radio telescopes (FAST) project in the national development for hi-tech industry project scheduling, and the FAST of State Astronomical Observatory, CAS project is formally accomplished country's project verification.The project construction place is the south of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Province autonomous prefecture, 5.5 years construction periods.
FAST is the maximum single port footpath telescope that is about to construction at present in the world; It utilizes the hollow hole of the natural karst in Guizhou as the platform location; Lay thousands of module unit panels in the hollow hole and form initiatively reflecting surface of 500 meters spherical crown shapes; And adopt light-duty rope tractor and parallel robot, can realize the hi-Fix of telescope receiver.
The FAST reflecting surface is made up of 4400 module unit panels (spherical triangle), amount to 180 surplus type.Unit panel is the about 11m of the length of side, radius-of-curvature 315m spherical triangle.Arrange 66 adjustment nodes on each panel; The unit panel air permeability rate is 50%.Since the panel detection that the FAST installation of project is on-the-spot, present artificial conventional method workload big (4400 module unit panel), and the time is long, and has guaranteed not the precision of measuring, and influences result of use, has satisfied not in-site measurement basic demand fast, accurately.
Summary of the invention
To above-mentioned situation; For overcoming the defective on the prior art; The present invention's purpose just provides a kind of sphere radio telescope (FAST) reflecting surface unit panel measuring method, can effectively solve the problems of measurement fast and accurately to sphere radio telescope unit panel.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves is to be realized by following steps:
1, at first, lay survey mark: survey mark comprises artificial circular directional reflective sign and artificial coding maker, the general designation artificial target; Method is; On 66 adjustment nodes of each panel, lay circular directional reflective sign (retro-reflective target is abbreviated as RRT), on single panel, place the coding maker framework; Lay coding maker on the coding maker framework, and calculate artificial target's size;
2, carry out the photogrammetric of panel: the element antenna panel is placed on the travelling car, is pushed in the coding maker framework, through control camera delivery system, mobile camera is measured;
3, coordinate Calculation: the Survey Software through Digital Photogrammetric System is calculated, and accomplishes the transmission to coordinate relation between the splicing of image and the measuring point;
4, analytical calculation: method is; Utilize the measurement data analytic system to carry out, this system is the curved surface analysis software commonly used based on the CAD function, and every type of panel adds all has cad model man-hour; Analytic system is used cad model and measurement data to carry out optimum and is calculated; Obtain the surface precision of panel, derive the departure needle-like figure and the departure data sheet of 3-D display, thereby accomplish measurement sphere radio telescope unit panel.
Method of testing of the present invention is simple, and is easy to operate, and labour intensity is little, and speed is fast, time saving and energy saving, and precision is high, effectively guarantees the result of use of sphere radio telescope.
Embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with the concrete condition specific embodiments of the invention.
The present invention is realized by following steps in practical implementation:
1, lay survey mark: survey mark comprises two kinds of artificial targets; Be circular directional reflective sign and coding maker, the characteristics of circular directional reflective sign are that the reflecting brightness white marker more conventional than diffusion exceeds hundreds of even thousands of times; Can obtain measured target thing self image " blanking " easily and clear and outstanding especially " the accurate two-value image " of the structure picture of circular directional reflective sign; Lay the coding maker that circular directional reflective sign and retroreflecting material are made, be used to realize the splicing and the calculation automation of photograph, method is; On 66 adjustment nodes of unit panel, paste circular directional reflective sign; Other position of unit panel is according to demand, and the measuring circular directional reflective sign that can increase some uses as pass point, can fully reflect the unit panel state;
Adopt the coding maker framework; Be installed in the top of unit panel; The coding maker framework is all put long bonding jumper parallel to each other by many and is fixed on the support and constitutes; The effect of coding maker framework is that the coding maker point can be reused when measuring 4400 module unit panels, according to the size of coding maker framework and the actual conditions of measurement, on every, all puts 13 of coding makers are set; Average 1 meter distance is laid 1; Lay 143 altogether,, calculate artificial target's size under the situation of photography precision and shooting distance; In image processing and analytic process, the artificial target is formed images on photo and is of a size of
to guarantee that image extracts precision;
Artificial target's size is calculated worker's formula:
Wherein, d is artificial target's diameter, and c is artificial target's picture point diametric(al) number of pixels, and r is Pixel Dimensions 0.0076mm, and l (2.5m) is the space photography distance, and f is camera focus 8.5mm, and calculate c in the formula >=5 can get d=11.2mm; Take all factors into consideration field condition and measuring accuracy, what use in the measurement is circular directional reflective sign and the coding maker of diameter d as 11-12mm;
2, carry out the photogrammetric of panel: unit panel is placed on the travelling car, is pushed in the coding maker framework, through control camera delivery system (like stepper motor), mobile camera is measured;
The panel measuring process is to measure the process that photograph is gathered.Except the photograph image quality, the degree of overlapping of measuring photograph also is the key of panel measuring, and the quality of its degree of overlapping determines follow-up result of calculation, even the influence success or failure of measurement this time.Only pay attention to Duplication, can increase the photo that measurement needs, influence efficiency of measurement; Therefore; The Duplication of photograph is designed, according to the Duplication of adjacent two sheet photos 60%, each monumented point has three sheet photos at least it is formed images; Both measuring accuracy can be guaranteed, efficiency of measurement can be improved again;
Its field angle of camera in photogrammetric is θ=50.68 °, photo distance (being the distance between camera and unit under test panel) H=2.5m, its single photography object space coverage length D=2Htan (θ/2); D=2.368m then; According to the principle of the Duplication of adjacent two sheet photos 60%,, adopt conventional " strip coating method " that unit panel is measured with camera single displacement λ=D * 0.4=947.2mm; Be about to camera above unit panel along track single slip 947.2mm; And unit panel taken pictures once, treat this band take cover once after, camera is changed to another guide rail; Repeat above-mentioned steps, cover photography up to the whole unit panel and finish;
Utilize strip coating method that unit panel is measured, both can satisfy the requirement of photography net form and measuring accuracy, be prone to again and realization;
3, coordinate Calculation: the Survey Software through Digital Photogrammetric System is calculated; Position relation between each camera (claim again camera take the photograph the station) need be utilized coding maker transmission; The cardinal principle of utilizing coding maker to carry out image mosaic is as the reference mark that has known coordinate in measuring coding maker; By the known spatial information at these reference mark, obtain the elements of exterior orientation of every width of cloth photo through the resection principle, thereby accomplish transmission coordinate relation between the splicing of image and the camera; Coordinate Calculation is to carry out through the Survey Software of Digital Photogrammetric System specialty, and is fast simple;
4, analytical calculation: method is; Utilize the measurement data analytic system to carry out, this system is the curved surface analysis software commonly used based on the CAD function, and every type of panel adds all has cad model man-hour; Analytic system is used cad model and measurement data to carry out optimum and is calculated, and obtains the surface precision situation of panel;
Analytic process does; Utilize the curved surface analysis software, import the measurement point set and its digital-to-analogue (IGS form) of unit panel respectively, accurately after the coupling; The actual deviation amount of 66 adjustment nodes on the computing unit panel; Simultaneously, derive the departure needle-like figure and the departure data sheet of 3-D display, thereby accomplish measurement sphere radio telescope unit panel;
5, the measurement of gravity deformation influence: because unit panel is along with the difference at angle of inclination; Can produce different gravity deformations; Need measure the gravity deformation influence,, can increase the surveying work amount and measure difficulty if every heeling condition lower unit panel is carried out the same tilt measurement of angle; Therefore; Measurement to the gravity deformation influence is essential, and method is to adopt the conventional simulation analysis and the measurement method of inspection to carry out; Unit panel is lain in (upward product and travel position) on the workbench; Use the one camera Digital Photogrammetric System to measure,, unit panel is placed on set angle according to measurement result computational analysis panel surface precision situation.Adopt with last same method of a step and measure and analyze; Calculate the distortion situation of unit panel flat condition and heeling condition; The heeling condition deflection can compare with the simulation calculation result simultaneously; Through repeatedly measuring and revising, confirm the mathematical model of emulation at last, with simulation mathematical model the panel of same type is carried out the unit panel distortion situation that mathematical simulation can obtain heeling condition.
The inventive method is easy to operate, and speed is fast, measures accurately, and warp is repetition test and on probation repeatedly; And compare with existing conventional method, obtained satisfied effect, show that the inventive method is reliable and stable; Has very strong applicability, the profile precision≤0.8mm of unit panel, monolithic unit panel measuring time≤10min; The test effect all is superior to existing method, and has significantly reduced on-the-spot test job amount, increases work efficiency more than 5 times; Greatly reduce labour intensity simultaneously, the panel detection method that has effectively satisfied the FAST erecting stage simply, requirement fast and accurately, be that one on the sphere radio telescope reflecting surface unit panel measuring method created greatly.
Claims (3)
1. a sphere radio telescope reflecting surface unit panel measuring method is characterized in that, is realized by following steps:
(1), lay survey mark: survey mark comprises two kinds of artificial targets, and promptly circular directional reflective sign and coding maker are laid the coding maker that circular directional reflective sign and retroreflecting material are made; Be used to realize the splicing and the calculation automation of photograph; Method is, on 66 adjustment nodes of unit panel, pastes circular directional reflective sign, and other position of unit panel is according to demand; Can increase circular directional reflective sign as pass point, can fully reflect the unit panel state;
Adopt the coding maker framework; Be installed in the top of unit panel; The coding maker framework is all put long bonding jumper parallel to each other by many and is fixed on the support and constitutes; On every, all put 13 of coding makers are set; Average 1 meter distance is laid 1, lays 143 altogether, and the artificial target is formed images on photo and is of a size of
to guarantee that image extracts precision;
Artificial target's size is calculated worker's formula:
Wherein, d is artificial target's diameter, and c is artificial target's picture point diametric(al) number of pixels, and r is a Pixel Dimensions, and l is the space photography distance, and f is a camera focus;
(2), carry out the photogrammetric of panel: unit panel is placed on the travelling car, is pushed in the coding maker framework, through control camera delivery system, mobile camera is measured;
The unit panel measuring process; Be to measure the process that photograph is gathered, except the photograph image quality, the degree of overlapping of measuring photograph also is the key of panel measuring; Duplication according to adjacent two sheet photos 60%; Each monumented point has three sheet photos at least it is formed images, and both can guarantee measuring accuracy, can improve efficiency of measurement again;
Viewing field of camera angle in photogrammetric is θ=50.68 °, photo distance H=2.5m, its single photography object space coverage length D=2Htan (θ/2); According to the principle of the Duplication of adjacent two sheet photos 60%, camera single displacement λ=D * 0.4=9472mm adopts conventional " strip coating method " that unit panel is measured; With camera above unit panel along track single slip 9472mm; And unit panel taken pictures once, treat this band take cover once after, camera is changed to another guide rail; Repeat above-mentioned steps, cover photography up to the whole unit panel and finish;
(3), coordinate Calculation: the Survey Software through Digital Photogrammetric System is calculated; Position relation between each camera need be utilized coding maker transmission; Utilize coding maker to carry out image mosaic; As the reference mark that has known coordinate in measuring,, obtain the elements of exterior orientation of every width of cloth photo through the resection principle to coding maker by the known spatial information at these reference mark; Thereby accomplish the transmission to coordinate relation between the splicing of image and the camera, Coordinate Calculation is to carry out through Digital Photogrammetric System Survey Software commonly used;
(4), analytical calculation: method is; Utilize the measurement data analytic system to carry out; This system is the curved surface analysis software commonly used based on the CAD function; Every type of panel adds all has cad model man-hour, and analytic system is used cad model and measurement data to carry out optimum and calculated, and obtains the surface precision situation of panel;
Analytic process does, utilizes the curved surface analysis software, imports the measurement point set and its IGS form digital-to-analogue of unit panel respectively; Accurately after the coupling; The actual deviation amount of 66 adjustment nodes on the computing unit panel simultaneously, derives the departure needle-like figure and the departure data sheet of 3-D display.
2. sphere radio telescope reflecting surface unit panel measuring method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Artificial target's diameter d described in the step (1) is 11-12mm, artificial target's picture point diametric(al) number of pixels c >=5, and Pixel Dimensions r is 0.0076mm; Space photography is 2.5m apart from l, and camera focus f is 8.5mm.
3. sphere radio telescope reflecting surface unit panel measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the measurement to the influence of reflecting surface unit panel gravity deformation; Method is that the conventional simulation analysis of employing carries out with the measurement method of inspection, and unit panel is lain on the workbench; Use the one camera Digital Photogrammetric System to measure; According to measurement result computational analysis panel surface precision situation, unit panel is placed on set angle, adopt with last same method of a step and measure and analyze; Calculate the distortion situation of unit panel flat condition and heeling condition; The heeling condition deflection can compare with the simulation calculation result simultaneously, through repeatedly measuring and revising, confirms the mathematical model of emulation at last; With simulation mathematical model the panel of same type is carried out mathematical simulation, can obtain the unit panel distortion situation of heeling condition.
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| CN104101297B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-02-08 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Space object dimension acquisition method based on photoelectric observation |
| CN108375347A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of FAST radio telescopes reflecting surface unit accuracy measurement system and method |
| CN109737886A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-10 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of array photoelectric system for the reflecting surface connection point deformation measuring radio telescope primary antenna |
| CN110375705A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-10-25 | 大连理工大学 | Antenna reflector and its type face deformation measurement method and measurement of comparison method |
| CN111089535A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-01 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for detecting deformation of antenna reflecting surface of radio telescope |
| CN111180896A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | System and method for processing data measured by reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope |
| CN113989105A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 季华实验室 | Single-camera spherical mirror reflection imaging projection device |
| CN115143894A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-10-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring deformation of viscous soil body in geotechnical centrifugal model test |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104101297B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-02-08 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Space object dimension acquisition method based on photoelectric observation |
| CN108375347A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of FAST radio telescopes reflecting surface unit accuracy measurement system and method |
| CN109737886A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-10 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of array photoelectric system for the reflecting surface connection point deformation measuring radio telescope primary antenna |
| CN110375705A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-10-25 | 大连理工大学 | Antenna reflector and its type face deformation measurement method and measurement of comparison method |
| CN111089535A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-01 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for detecting deformation of antenna reflecting surface of radio telescope |
| CN111089535B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-05-28 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for detecting deformation of antenna reflecting surface of radio telescope |
| CN111180896A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | System and method for processing data measured by reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope |
| CN111180896B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-12-03 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | System and method for processing data measured by reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope |
| CN113989105A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 季华实验室 | Single-camera spherical mirror reflection imaging projection device |
| CN115143894A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-10-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring deformation of viscous soil body in geotechnical centrifugal model test |
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