CN102588410B - 用于通过螺栓连接两个风力涡轮机组件的螺栓连接 - Google Patents
用于通过螺栓连接两个风力涡轮机组件的螺栓连接 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102588410B CN102588410B CN201110443644.4A CN201110443644A CN102588410B CN 102588410 B CN102588410 B CN 102588410B CN 201110443644 A CN201110443644 A CN 201110443644A CN 102588410 B CN102588410 B CN 102588410B
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- wind turbine
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- blade
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000527 greater trochanter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
- F16B33/02—Shape of thread; Special thread-forms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2250/00—Geometry
- F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
- F05B2250/29—Geometry three-dimensional machined; miscellaneous
- F05B2250/292—Geometry three-dimensional machined; miscellaneous tapered
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
- F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
- F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
- F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于通过螺栓连接两个风力涡轮机组件的螺栓连接,其特征在于螺栓杆和螺栓螺纹之间的过渡区域是锥形的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过螺栓连接两个风力涡轮机组件的螺栓连接。
背景技术
风力涡轮机具有转子轴,转子轴是发电机的一部分,发电机在转子相对于发电机定子运动的过程中产生电力。定子包括多个线圈,转子包括多个永磁铁,使得在转子转动时感生出电压。
风力涡轮机必须根据风来优化布置,以防止出现极端负载,并提供最高的可能能量输出。为了控制风力涡轮机的功率输出,叶片角度总是通过叶片轴承根据风速进行优化调节。高负载必须通过螺栓连接安全地传递到转子轮毂中。
通常,形式为螺栓、螺母和垫圈的紧固件被用来将两个或多个结构组件接合,例如用于将转子叶片连接到叶片轴承。当风力涡轮机遇到动态负载时,传统的螺栓连接受到疲劳损坏,最终可能发生疲劳破坏。过去,已经发生过许多致命垮塌事件,因此让螺栓连接特别是用于将转子叶片连接到叶片轴承的螺栓连接具有正确的尺寸是最主要的。
疲劳失效问题的最常用的解决方案是简单地增加更多更大的螺栓。但是,这当然不是经济合理的解决方案。因此,在具有大转子直径的风力涡轮机中,由于不可以加入更多螺栓,使得转子叶片和叶片轴承之间的螺栓连接已经成为叶片根部设计的尺寸设计因素。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是要提供一种用于风力涡轮机的具有改进疲劳性能的螺栓连接。
根据本发明,此目的是在上述限定的螺栓连接中达成的,原因是螺栓杆和螺栓螺纹之间的过渡区域是锥形的(或称是渐缩的)。
本发明基于如下认识,即:螺栓中的疲劳失效总是发生在其与螺母或盲孔结合处的第一加载螺纹上。这部分地是由于螺纹轮廓本身所引起的缺口造成的。而且也是由于标准螺栓的第一加载螺纹承载大约35%的负载造成的。这引起高应力集中因素,可能导致疲劳失效。因此,根据本发明,使用具有部分锥形螺纹的螺栓,这与具有恒定螺纹直径的标准螺栓相比,表现出改进的疲劳性能。根据本发明,只有螺栓的螺栓杆和螺栓螺纹之间的过渡区域是锥形的,而剩余的螺纹部分具有常规的恒定直径。
根据本发明,可以设计锥角在1度和7度之间,优选在1度和3度之间。锥角相当小,因此螺栓的末端部分具有轻微的圆锥形状,这最小化了应力集中因素。可以使用***本发明螺栓的常规螺母或常规盲孔是有利的。
根据本发明,锥形过渡区域可具有预定长度,其中优选前两-四个螺纹是锥形的。因此,锥形过渡区域被局限到螺栓的末端部分,剩余的螺纹未进行改动,具有恒定直径。
在本发明的螺栓连接中,特别优选的是螺栓***通过转子叶片和叶片轴承的通孔。
在本发明的螺栓连接的螺栓***到非锥形母螺纹中的时候,可以获得最佳疲劳行为。优选地,螺栓与螺母和中间的垫圈连接。
而且,本发明涉及一种风力涡轮机,包括塔架,容纳发电机的机舱,连接到发电机和转子叶片、由轮毂的叶片轴承支撑的可旋转轮毂。
本发明的风力涡轮机的特征在于它包括如上文解释的至少一个螺栓连接。
在考虑下文对优选实施例的详细描述之后可以更好地理解本发明和其基本原理。
附图说明
附图中:
图1是传统螺栓的示意图;
图2示出了相应的负载分配;
图3是根据本发明的螺栓的示意图;
图4示出了相应的负载分配;和
图5是根据本发明的螺栓连接的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,示出了传统螺栓1,从而只绘制了示意性螺栓1的上半部分。螺栓1包括杆2和螺纹3。螺纹3是传统螺纹,例如具有恒定直径的米制螺纹。
当螺栓1被加载时,会出现如图2所示的负载分配。可以看出,与相邻螺纹相比,第一加载螺纹4承载最高的负载。因此,出现高应力集中因素,这可能导致在使用螺栓1的螺栓连接的使用寿命中的疲劳失效。
图3是根据本发明的螺栓的示意图。螺栓5包括杆6和螺纹7,与图1中所示的第一实施例相比,螺栓5的螺纹7包括锥形过渡区域8。过渡区域8的延长部分通过箭头9标出。在此实施例中,过渡区域8包括四个锥形螺纹。通常,锥角在1度和7度之间,优选该角度在1度和3度之间。在图3中,此角度是以扩大的标尺绘制的。相应地,锥形过渡区域的特征可以通过箭头9的长度和锥角表示。在过渡区域8中,螺纹7具有非恒定的圆锥形状,这可带来更均匀的负载分配。
如图4中可以看出,与图2中所示的传统螺栓的负载分配相比,不同螺纹的负载分配差不多是均匀的。在以前的研究项目中已经发现使用具有锥形螺纹的螺栓,应力集中因素可以被降低大约40%。相应地,通过图3中所示的螺栓5,可以预料到具有改进疲劳性能的螺栓连接。
图5是风力涡轮机的螺栓连接的剖视图。螺栓连接10包括轮毂11,形式为滚柱轴承的叶片轴承12和转子叶片14的法兰13。叶片轴承12也被称作节距轴承,用来调节转子叶片14的角度。因此,使用驱动装置(未显示)以便移动转子叶片14。叶片轴承12通过布置在圆周方向上的多个螺栓15连接到轮毂11。叶片轴承12和转子叶片14的法兰13之间的连接是通过***通过法兰13的通孔和叶片轴承12的通孔的螺栓16实现的。螺母17和垫圈18用来通过螺栓16连接法兰13和叶片轴承12。螺栓16包括图3所示的螺栓杆和螺栓螺纹之间的锥形过渡区域,螺栓16与螺栓5相同。因为避免了高应力集中区,所以螺栓连接10能够经受高的疲劳载荷。
Claims (7)
1.一种风力涡轮机,包括塔架、容纳发电机的机舱、连接到发电机和转子叶片(14)并由轮毂(11)的叶片轴承(12)支撑的可旋转轮毂(11),其中,所述风力涡轮机包括将转子叶片(14)连接到叶片轴承(12)的至少一个螺栓连接(10),所述至少一个螺栓连接(10)包括圆周方向上布置的多个螺栓(16),其特征在于,所述螺栓(16)包括螺栓杆(6)和螺栓螺纹(7)之间的过渡区域(8),其中,所述过渡区域(8)是从所述杆(6)锥形渐扩的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于锥角在1度和7度之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于锥角在1度和3度之间。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于锥形过渡区域具有预定长度。
5.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于锥形过渡区域具有预定长度,其中前两到四个螺纹是锥形的。
6.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于螺栓(16)被***通过转子叶片(14)和叶片轴承(12)的通孔。
7.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于螺栓(16)被***到非锥形母螺纹中。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11150101A EP2481913A1 (en) | 2011-01-04 | 2011-01-04 | Bolted connection for connecting two wind turbine components by bolts |
EP11150101.1 | 2011-01-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102588410A CN102588410A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
CN102588410B true CN102588410B (zh) | 2017-01-18 |
Family
ID=43983413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110443644.4A Expired - Fee Related CN102588410B (zh) | 2011-01-04 | 2011-12-27 | 用于通过螺栓连接两个风力涡轮机组件的螺栓连接 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9068558B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2481913A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102588410B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2762968A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103591104B (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-04-20 | 清华大学 | 一种切顶螺纹 |
US20170175796A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | General Electric Company | Thread for improved fastener reliability |
CN106763072B (zh) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-06-11 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | 螺栓及其制造方法 |
US11446746B2 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2022-09-20 | Iscar, Ltd. | Replaceable cutting head having back-tapered conical external thread and rotary cutting tool |
US11512728B2 (en) | 2020-01-10 | 2022-11-29 | General Electric Company | System and method for coupling a hub to a main shaft of a wind turbine |
CN111671536A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-18 | 桂林市啄木鸟医疗器械有限公司 | 种植体、种植装置及种植牙 |
CN113389818A (zh) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-09-14 | 北京三力新能科技有限公司 | 一种回转支承使用的螺栓联接方式 |
CN113417923B (zh) * | 2021-07-15 | 2024-07-12 | 四川大学 | 一种组合螺杆结构及装拆方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4189975A (en) * | 1977-02-23 | 1980-02-26 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Screwed connection having improved fatigue strength |
US5000638A (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1991-03-19 | Conti Fasteners Ag | Screw for contaminated pre-tapped holes |
EP0379141A1 (de) * | 1989-01-17 | 1990-07-25 | Heribert Hiendl | Betonstahlverbindung |
US6112396A (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 2000-09-05 | Steinbock Machinery Co. | Jackbolts for multi jackbolt tensioners |
CN100383410C (zh) | 2004-09-22 | 2008-04-23 | 天津科技大学 | 锥型高疲劳强度螺栓 |
US7694835B1 (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2010-04-13 | Rexam Closures And Containers Inc. | Drafted neck finish having angled thread face and closure package |
DE102005026141B4 (de) * | 2005-06-06 | 2019-07-25 | Imo Momentenlager Gmbh | Windkraftanlage mit einer Lagereinheit für ein langgestrecktes Rotorblatt |
DE102007010221A1 (de) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Baier & Michels Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schraube mit einem gewindeformenden Gewinde, Rohling zur Herstellung der Schraube und Schraubverbindung |
JP2009174564A (ja) * | 2008-01-21 | 2009-08-06 | Shinichi Nishida | ボルトとそれを用いた締結具及びボルトの製造方法 |
CN101576113A (zh) | 2009-04-03 | 2009-11-11 | 孙中强 | 在螺栓和螺母间存在螺距差的螺栓结合体 |
-
2011
- 2011-01-04 EP EP11150101A patent/EP2481913A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-21 US US13/332,407 patent/US9068558B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-27 CN CN201110443644.4A patent/CN102588410B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-30 CA CA2762968A patent/CA2762968A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9068558B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
US20120171038A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
CA2762968A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
CN102588410A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
EP2481913A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
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