CN102585879A

CN102585879A - Method for processing coal-based heavy oil

Info

Publication number: CN102585879A
Application number: CN2011104601297A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何巨堂
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-12-27
Filing date: 2011-12-27
Publication date: 2012-07-18

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for processing coal-based heavy oil. The method comprises the following steps of: distilling light faction MQY from a product of the coal dry distillation process, namely coal tar MJY to obtain liquid coal heavy oil MZY, allowing a solid porous coal material TL (such as semi coke) to be contacted with liquid coal heavy oil MZY (such as medium and low temperature tar heavy oil) to form a coal heavy oil absorbed carbon material MZYT, removing free oil from the carbon material MZYT, curing to form a coal heavy oil carbon absorbed cured body GYT, and performing thermal cracking, coking or gasification on the cured body GYT in the thermal processing process RJG to obtain a product containing carbon, hydrogen, or oil. When the thermal processing process RJG is the coal dry distillation process MGL, the coal heavy oil MZY can be totally heated circularly to be converted into gas, oil gas, and coke, and then the coal dry distillation process becomes the process which does not reject the coal heavy oil MZY, and the carbon absorbed cured body thermal processing method for the coal heavy oil is formed.

Description

A kind of coal-based heavy oil upgrading method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of coal-based heavy oil upgrading method, say especially to the present invention relates to a kind of thermal processing method that uses coal-based heavy oil to attach the coal-based heavy oil of charcoal cured body.

Background technology

At present a defective workmanship existing such as the blue charcoal process of coal system of dry distillation of coal process is the coal-tar products coal-based heavy oil that all contains some amount (coal tar fraction that is higher than 450 ℃ or 480 ℃ such as conventional boiling point), characteristics such as coal-based heavy oil possesses that hydrogen richness is low, colloid and asphalt content is high, ash oontent is high, metal content is high, the very easily condensation coking of being heated, sulphur content is high, nitrogen content is high, perfect combustion condition harshness and be difficult to utilize.

First kind of known fabrication method of the coal-based heavy oil of middle coalite tar is delayed coking method; Coking charging process furnace, coke drum (at least two), separation column, light constituent recovery system, coked waste water treatment system need be set, unload burnt system, cease Jiao Chi, store up coke bin etc.; Technical process length, system complex, investment are big, operational stability is poor; In order to prevent the coking of coking charging heating furnace tube; Usually with conventional boiling point be 300～480 ℃ or 350～480 ℃ coal tar fraction a part or all as the solvent of coal-based heavy oil component coking and or heat-carrying solution introduce delayed coking process in the lump; This must increase coke output, reduce oil product output, and industry operation shows, coke yield near or greater than the coal-based heavy oil quantity of middle low temperature.In fact; For coal-based heavy oil, the leading reaction of delayed coking method is bituminous matter, gelationus thermo-cracking and condensation, because the coking target components belongs to low hydrogen, many charcoals, how grey poor quality oil; Coking target components solvent oil belongs to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lacks hydrogen supply capacity; Its hot procedure result is that non-produce oils such as cracking (aerogenesis) reaction, condensation (green coke) reaction are reacted into and take reaction as the leading factor, and it is high to produce the high and low molecular gas productive rate of burnt rate, and oil yield rate is extremely low.For a large amount of low grade coal basic weight oil, delayed coking method belongs to available solutions after improving (reduce factor of created gase, reduce coking yield), but for small coal basic weight oil, delayed coking method belongs to the uneconomical scheme that investment is high, the oil product yield is low.

Second kind of known fabrication method of coal-based heavy oil is the floating bed hydrogenation method for transformation; Process furnace, floating bed hydrogenation reactor drum, thermal high separation system, solid product separation system, the separating of oil system of hot high score, the separating of oil system of cold high score, Preparation of Catalyst system, hydrogenating materials and catalyst mix system etc. need be set; Technical process length, system complex, investment are big; For a large amount of low grade coal basic weight oil; The floating bed hydrogenation method for transformation belongs to the high height of liquid oil yield consumption hydrogen scheme, compares with the coking scheme, can make full use of coal-based heavy oil molecules size near the characteristic of oil product; But for small coal basic weight oil, the floating bed hydrogenation method for transformation belongs to the too high uneconomical scheme of investment.

The third known fabrication method of coal-based heavy oil is such as using polynary slurry furnaceman skill to make synthetic gas or using heavy oil gasification technology to make synthetic gas as gasified raw material; Invest huge; Compare with the coal charge gasification of cheapness, do not possess economy, belong to the high uneconomical scheme of investment.

The 4th kind of known fabrication method of coal-based heavy oil is as fuel, but incomplete combustion, the fume environment protection treatment scheme is long, investment is big, and compares with the coal fuel of cheapness, do not possess economy, belongs to uneconomical scheme.

Analyzing above-mentioned technological line can find out, above-mentioned coal-based heavy oil upgrading belongs to hot senior engineer's process, and thermo-cracking is indispensable step.

Analyzing above-mentioned technological line shortcoming can find out, the processing scheme of the suitable especially a spot of coal-based heavy oil of coal-based heavy oil, and reducing construction investment, improving product price simultaneously is critical index, this requires to use terse hot-work flow process.

In fact; In the conventional conception of coal-based heavy oil continuous process, the coal-based heavy oil feed of coking heater is liquid, gas form, and the polynary slurry furnaceman coal-based heavy oil feed of planting is the Pitch Water Slurry fluid form; The coal-based heavy oil feed of heavy oil gasification technology is fog-like liquid, gas form; Coal-based heavy oil combustion becomes vaporific fluid by atomized water steam, more than is fluid form, i.e. " state is a fluid before the coal-based heavy oil component processing ".It is considered herein that this notion has fettered existing correlation technique thought just.

The middle coal-based coking heavy oil evidence of low temperature; In the time of 410～440 ℃; The middle coal-based heavy oil of low temperature promptly begins quick decomposition, and when keeping temperature to be about 500 ℃, 4.0～5.0 hour time can be accomplished coking; Produce about 60～70% coke, about 12～16% tar and low molecular hydrocarbon gas, the promptly middle coal-based heavy oil of low temperature possesses the easy coking behavior that decomposes that is heated.

On the one hand; Because coal-based heavy oil hydrogen richness very low (middle coalite tar hydrogen richness is usually less than 7%, generally is lower than 6.5%); Be high viscosity fluid during comparatively high temps (such as 250 ℃), but be solid-state under the normal temperature, high-temperature heating is prone to decompose coking; What overall characteristic can be looked is " the plan coal body that high boiling hydrocarbon constitutes in the coal "; By " plan coal body " this notion, it is considered herein that the technology of hot procedures such as dry distillation of coal process or coke gasification process can be transplanted use or united the hot-work that is used in coal-based heavy oil, thereby realize the simplification of technical process.On the other hand; Because coal-based heavy oil is fluid meeting blocking portion gas passage when comparatively high temps; To form obstacle to the technology transplant of hot procedures such as dry distillation of coal process or coke gasification process; The present invention imagines " coke that coal-based heavy oil is possessed absorption, dispersion, heat-resisting support " mixed formation " admixture solid one thing or the coal-based heavy oil of liquid flow space constraint thing " with coal-based heavy oil; Solid product and the integrated coal-based heavy oil lime-ash product and the integrated removing of charred ashes slag product of saving coke-removing procedure or hot procedure being formed of coke that coal-based heavy oil hot-work is formed are for condition has been created in above-mentioned technology transplant.

The present invention proposes a kind of coal-based heavy oil upgrading method; A kind of thermal processing method that uses coal-based heavy oil to attach the coal-based heavy oil of charcoal cured body is proposed especially; Disperse secondary coking, the gasification of coking and carbonizing matter, the carrier (solid and liquid move to the high-temperature zone) of slagging course with the charcoal supporting body surface (outside surface and internal surface) that moves as coal-based heavy oil in this hot procedure in such as coking; Other charcoal material (possibly contacting or adsorb " the coal-based heavy oil of liquid or gas or solid ") of coexistence also is utilized as potential charcoal supporter; With the charcoal laminar surface that moves as coal-based heavy oil cracking steam thing secondary pyrolysis degree of depth control volume (the steam thing moves to cold zone) with filter cooling body, the feed location that the coal-based heavy oil of selection suitable temp attaches the charcoal cured body realizes the comprehensive thermal conversion processes of coal-based heavy oil component; Can accomplish the process such as evaporation, pyrolysis, gasification, coking, slagging of the various components of the different in kind in the coal-based heavy oil; Realize the economical conversion of coal-tar pitch, can obtain coal tar, coal gas, coke or slag, the kind of the coal-based heavy oil of its processing is unrestricted; Because destructive distillation coal charge and self-produced coal-based heavy oil weight ratio generally very high (is that this ratio of example generally is higher than 50 with middle low-temperature coal carbonization process); So processing quantity is unrestricted basically during with the associating of dry distillation of coal process, for the dry distillation of coal process that produces coal-based heavy oil, the present invention has formed integrated technique; When the recycling of coal-based heavy oil conversion product and dry distillation of coal product is united, can simplify flow process, significantly reduction investment.

With the example that is processed as of 50,000 tons of/year coal-based heavy oil, select the delay coking process route, raw material (comprising solvent oil) total amount reaches 15～200,000 tons/year, invests 0.8～1.0 hundred million yuan; Select the suspension bed operational path, raw material (comprising solvent oil) amount reaches～and 100,000 tons/year, invest 2.0～2.3 hundred million yuan; And selection the present invention; Begin continuous " is that raw material is at the special-purpose blue charcoal of vertical retort refining iron alloy with non-caking coal or weakly caking coal lump coal " of researching and developing when technology (hereinafter to be referred as middle steel coal transformation technology BT) makes up the early 1980s, only 0.15～0.16 hundred million yuan of increase expense with Anshan Thermal Energy Inst. of China Steel Group.

In fact; The basic combined symptoms of existing routine techniques problem is: the hot procedure of selection is a dedicated process; During solid product separation device system and the sepn process flow process of other product too complicated; Can't break away from the shortcoming that investment is big, energy consumption is high, not find the solid of simple and efficient to break away from separation method simultaneously, cause complicated, the long-term operation poor stability of process operation clearly admittedly.

Hydromeehanics characteristics of the present invention are: compared with prior art, adopt solid-state feed process can reduce operation energy consumption and operational risk significantly, thereby reduce power consumption.

Clear process characteristics admittedly of the present invention are: coking (or pyrolysis or destructive distillation) process solid product directly becomes the solid coke product, and the gasification lime-ash breaks away from the hot-work district with liquid form becomes solid at last, high efficiency, and loss is few, and energy consumption is low.

The method of the invention is not appeared in the newspapers.

The method of the invention and dry distillation of coal process integration i.e. being integrally formed technology.

Therefore, first purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of coal-based heavy oil upgrading method.

The present invention's second purpose is to propose a kind of thermal processing method that uses coal-based heavy oil to attach the coal-based heavy oil of charcoal cured body.

The present invention's the 3rd purpose is to propose a kind of dry distillation of coal technology that does not produce or produce less coal-based heavy oil.

The present invention's the 4th purpose is to propose a kind ofly to use coal-based heavy oil to prepare the combination process that hydrogen is used for coal light oil hydrogenation process.

Summary of the invention

A kind of coal-based heavy oil upgrading method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising following steps:

1. in coal-based oily MJY sepn process; Fractionation feed coal base oil MJY be coal charge hot procedure MGL obtain from containing of coal charge conventional boiling point be higher than the hydrocarbonaceous stream of 450 ℃ of hydrocarbon components, the fractionation product comprises mainly and is higher than the coal-based heavy oil MZY that 450 ℃ of hydrocarbon are formed by conventional boiling point;

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT, coal-based heavy oil MZY contact with solid carbon material TL form absorption with or the charcoal material MZYT of caking coal basic weight oil, charcoal material MZYT is as parrot coal body YT;

3. prepare process at cured body GYT, parrot coal body YT completion solidify to form coal-based heavy oil and attaches charcoal cured body GYT.

Usually the present invention further comprises the steps:

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT, coal-based heavy oil MZY contact with solid porous charcoal material TL form absorption with or the charcoal material MZYT of caking coal basic weight oil, charcoal material MZYT with obtain parrot coal body YT after possible free oil separates;

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, cured body GYT hot procedure RJG accomplish thermo-cracking with or coking with or gasification, obtain carbon containing with or hydrogeneous with or the butyraceous product.

When hot procedure RJG of the present invention was gasification, characteristic further was:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is one or several of following cured body GYT gasification, and coal-based heavy oil MZY weight content is lower than 45 weight % among the parrot coal body YT:

A, use air, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

B, use oxygen enrichment, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

C, use pure oxygen, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

D, use air, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical;

E, use oxygen enrichment, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical;

F, use pure oxygen, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical.

When hot procedure RJG of the present invention was gasification, said hot procedure RJG can be the combined vaporizing process of cured body GYT and other charcoal material.

When hot procedure RJG of the present invention was retort process, characteristic further was:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is one or several of following retort process of cured body GYT, and coal-based heavy oil MZY weight content is lower than 45 weight % among the parrot coal body YT:

The retort process of a, external-heat coal carbonization furnace;

The retort process of b, internally heated coal carbonization furnace;

The retort process of c, rotary kiln type coal carbonization furnace;

D, use coal charge advance the retort process of pyrolyzer;

The retort process of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

When hot procedure RJG of the present invention was coking, characteristic further was:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is one or several of following coking of cured body GYT, and coal-based heavy oil MZY weight content is lower than 45 weight % among the parrot coal body YT:

The coking of a, external-heat coal coking furnace;

The coking of b, internal heat type coal coking furnace;

The coking of c, rotary kiln type coal coking furnace;

D, use coal charge advance the coking of splitter;

The coking of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG be one of following pyrolytic process of cured body GYT or

Several, coal-based heavy oil MZY weight content is lower than 45 weight % among the parrot coal body YT:

The pyrolytic process of a, external-heat coal cracking stove;

The pyrolytic process of b, internal heat type coal cracking stove;

The pyrolytic process of c, rotary kiln type coal cracking stove;

D, use coal charge advance the pyrolytic process of pyrolyzer;

The pyrolytic process of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

Hot procedure RJG of the present invention can be retort process or the coking or the pyrolytic process of cured body GYT and coal charge mixture.

Hot procedure RJG of the present invention; It can be the associating retort process of cured body GYT and coal charge; According to the coal charge working direction; Go into the stove coal charge and be converted into coke discharge dry distillation of coal process through coal preheating section, dry distillation of coal section, burnt cooling section, at least a portion gets into dry distillation of coal section from step cured body GYT 3. without the coal preheating section and contacts with the coal charge mixing.

Hot procedure RJG of the present invention; Can be the associating coking of cured body GYT and coal charge; According to the coal charge working direction; Go into the stove coal charge and be converted into coke discharge coal tar process through coal preheating section, coal tar section, burnt cooling section, at least a portion gets into the coal tar section from step cured body GYT 3. without the coal preheating section and contacts with the coal charge mixing.

The present invention can form the coal charge heat processing technique that does not efflux or efflux less coal-based heavy oil MZY:

1. coal charge hot procedure MGL obtain from containing of coal charge conventional boiling point be higher than the coal-based oily MJY of 450 ℃ of hydrocarbon components;

Processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously; At least a portion from step cured body GYT 3. as processing of coking blends device MGL raw material processing of coking blends device accomplish thermo-cracking with or coking with or gasification, obtain carbon containing with or hydrogeneous with or the butyraceous product;

In coal-based oily MJY sepn process, the fractionation product that the coal-based oily MJY of fractionation obtains comprises mainly and is higher than the coal-based heavy oil MZY that 450 ℃ of hydrocarbon are formed by conventional boiling point;

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT, coal-based heavy oil MZY contacts the charcoal material MZYT that forms the coal-based heavy oil of absorption with solid porous charcoal material TL (such as the charcoal material of coal charge hot procedure MGL), charcoal material MZYT with obtain parrot coal body YT after possible free fluid separates;

The present invention is particularly suitable for the blue charcoal retort process of coal system, it is characterized in that:

1. the blue charcoal retort process of coal system MGL obtain from containing of coal charge conventional boiling point be higher than the coal-based oily MJY of middle low temperature and the blue charcoal TL of 450 ℃ of hydrocarbon components;

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT, coal-based heavy oil MZY and the charcoal material MZYT that contacts the coal-based heavy oil of formation absorption from step charcoal material TL 1..

The present invention, GYT prepares process at cured body, and parrot coal body YT accomplishes and to solidify to form the method that coal-based heavy oil attaches charcoal cured body GYT is to reduce temperature.

Hot procedure RJG according to the invention can be the associating hot procedure of cured body GYT and charcoal material, and the ratio of the weight rate of cured body GYT weight rate W1 and charcoal material W2 is K=W1/W2, and K is generally 0.01～0.20, is generally 0.02～0.05.

The present invention can reduce coal-based heavy oil MZY quantity through improving coal-based heavy oil MZY over point, at this moment:

1. coal charge hot procedure MGL obtain from containing of coal charge conventional boiling point be higher than the coal-based oily MJY of 480 ℃ of hydrocarbon components;

In coal-based oily MJY sepn process, the fractionation product that the coal-based oily MJY of fractionation obtains comprises mainly and is higher than the coal-based heavy oil MZY that 480 ℃ of hydrocarbon are formed by conventional boiling point.

When the present invention is applied to dry distillation of coal process MGL, usually:

1. obtain coal tar MJY and charcoal material TL at dry distillation of coal process MGL;

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT, coal-based heavy oil MZY contacts the charcoal material MZYT that forms the coal-based heavy oil of absorption with solid carbon material TL.

When the present invention is applied to dry distillation of coal process MGL, can select following flow process:

1. at dry distillation of coal process MGL,, go into the stove coal charge and be converted into coke discharge dry distillation of coal process through coal preheating section, dry distillation of coal section, burnt cooling section according to the coal charge working direction;

Processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, at least a portion from step cured body GYT 3. can: get into that the dry distillation of coal section contact with the hot coal material or get into dry distillation of coal section middle part without the coal preheating section and contact with the hot coal material perhaps and to contact perhaps the locus that the temperature that directly gets into the charcoal cooling section without " preheating section and retort section " is higher than 450 ℃ with the hot coal material without " preheating section and retort section top " entering dry distillation of coal pars infrasegmentalis and contact with hot charcoal without the coal preheating section.

The present invention can form coal-based heavy oil MZY gasification hydrogen-producing and hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation process integration:

2. obtain coal tar MJY at coal hot procedure MGL;

In coal-based oily MJY sepn process, fractionating coal tar obtains mainly being lower than distillate MQY that 480 ℃ hydrocarbon forms by conventional boiling point and is higher than the coal-based heavy oil MZY that 480 ℃ hydrocarbon is formed with main by conventional boiling point;

YT prepares process at the parrot coal body, and the coal-based heavy oil MZY that mainly is made up of coal-based heavy oil contacts with solid porous charcoal material TL and forms the charcoal material MZYT that adsorbs coal-based heavy oil, charcoal material MZYT with obtain parrot coal body YT after possible free fluid separates;

3. prepare process at cured body GYT, parrot coal body YT completion solidify to form coal-based heavy oil and attaches charcoal cured body GYT;

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, at least a portion cured body GYT raw material gasification HTP accomplish thermo-cracking with or gasification with or slagging course, obtain containing CO and H ₂Synthetic gas HCQ, make based on synthetic gas HCQ and to be used for the 5. described hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation process of step JH and to use hydrogen FH;

5. in the hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation process, use from step hydrogen FH 4..

The present invention can form coal-based heavy oil MZY gasification hydrogen-producing and coal-based distillate MQY hydrogenation process integration:

2. obtain coal tar MJY, charcoal material TL at dry distillation of coal process MGL, contain tar sewage MW;

In coal-based oily MJY sepn process, fractionating coal tar obtains mainly being lower than distillate MQY that 480 ℃ hydrocarbon forms by conventional boiling point and is higher than the coal-based heavy oil MZY that 480 ℃ hydrocarbon is formed with main by conventional boiling point under the negative-pressure operation condition;

YT prepares process at the parrot coal body, and the coal-based heavy oil MZY that mainly is made up of coal-based heavy oil contacts with charcoal material TL and forms the charcoal material MZYT that adsorbs coal-based heavy oil, charcoal material MZYT with obtain parrot coal body YT after possible free fluid separates;

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, the vaporization of at least a portion cured body GYT and at least a portion contain water vapor MWG that tar sewage MW obtains as charcoal material gasification HTP raw material gasification accomplish thermo-cracking with or gasification with or slagging course, obtain containing CO and H ₂Synthetic gas HCQ, make based on synthetic gas HCQ and to be used for the 5. described coal tar hydrogenating process of step JH and to use hydrogen FH;

5. at coal tar hydrogenating process JH, from step 2. distillate MQY and accomplish hydrogenation reaction from step hydrogen FH 4. and obtain hydrogenation reaction effluent and reclaim it.

When cured body GYT of the present invention utilizes process for gasification,, go into stove charcoal material through charcoal material preheating and drying district, charcoal material dry distillation area, charcoal material reduction zone, charcoal material oxidation zone, clinker area according to charcoal material slagging component working direction; At least a portion from step cured body GYT 3. can: get into charcoal material dry distillation area without charcoal material preheating and drying district or get into charcoal material reduction zone or without " charcoal material preheating and drying district, charcoal material dry distillation area, charcoal material reduction zone, charcoal material oxidation zone " entering clinker area top without " charcoal material preheating and drying district and charcoal material dry distillation area ".

The coal-based oily MJY sepn process feed coal base oil MJY of the present invention can be the gelatin liquefaction oil product of producing from gelatin liquefaction system oil process; Said gelatin liquefaction oil product can be the oil product that contains solid particulate, usually solid particulate by spent catalyst with or trickle carbon granule with or the tar condenses form.

Charcoal material TL according to the invention, butt solid carbon material preferably is such as the butt solid carbon material from the dry coke quenching process.

Cured body GYT of the present invention gets into and the approach of charcoal material associating hot procedure RJG normally passes through the pipe special charging system, and its working routine is:

The feeding tube system is provided with opening for feed K1, puopulsion unit K2, the shutdown valve K3 when puopulsion unit resets (reinforced state);

Pipeline charging system charging program is following: cured body GYT gets into pipeline through opening for feed K1 becomes the pipeline material; Puopulsion unit K2 makes the pipeline material move forward into the closed conduit space; Open shutdown valve K3, puopulsion unit K2 advances the pipeline material to enter the material feeding locus of hot procedure RJG through follow-up closed conduit;

Pipeline charging system reset routine is following: after puopulsion unit K2 withdraws from shutdown valve K3 along pipeline; Close shutdown valve K3; The gas that stops hot procedure RJG is through shutdown valve K3, and locus cured body GYT gets into pipeline through opening for feed K1 becomes the pipeline material, and puopulsion unit K2 returns charging position.

Cured body GYT of the present invention gets into and the approach of charcoal material associating hot procedure RJG normally passes through the pipe special charging system, and its constitutional features is:

1. the pipeline charging system by interior pipe (carrier pipe) advance, outer tube (instlated tubular), inner and outer pipes compartment, faces end head plugging, interior pipe discharge end air inlet distributed holes form; During works better, by comprise nitrogen with or water vapour with or the isolation gas of carbon dioxide component get into inner and outer pipes compartment and flow forward, arrive behind the inner head get into from interior pipe discharge end air inlet distributed holes in pipe, get into course of processing RJG space then.

When processing of coking blends device MGL of the present invention was cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, at least a portion got into dry distillation of coal section from step cured body GYT 3. without " preheating section " and contacts with the hot coal material; The approach that cured body GYT gets into processing of coking blends device MGL dry distillation of coal section is: the special-purpose feeding tube of process system; The feeding tube system is provided with opening for feed, puopulsion unit, the shutdown valve when puopulsion unit resets (reinforced state); Special-purpose feeding tube system work process uses Controlled by Programmable Controller, forms automatic feeding system.

Embodiment

Below describe the present invention in detail.

Pressure of the present invention refers to absolute pressure.

Gas component concentrations of the present invention when not specializing, is volumetric concentration.

Coal-based oil according to the invention refers to the hydrocarbon ils from coal charge that coal hot procedures such as the dry distillation of coal or coal tarization or coal generating gas or DCL/Direct coal liquefaction produce, and comprises semi coking tar, middle temperature tar, high temperature tar, liquefied coal coil and mixing oil thereof.

Coal tar according to the invention refers to the tar that coal hot procedures such as the dry distillation of coal or coal tarization or coal generating gas produce, and comprises semi coking tar, middle temperature tar, high temperature tar and mixing oil thereof.

Coal-based heavy oil component according to the invention refers to the hydrocarbon ils component that conventional boiling point in the coal-based oil is higher than 450 ℃ or 480 ℃, contains a large amount of macromolecular substance such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colloid, bituminous matter etc. usually, and its hydrogen richness is lower.

Coal-based heavy oil MZY according to the invention is such as common said coal-tar pitch from coal tar; Refer to mainly by conventional boiling point and be higher than the cut that the coal-based oil ingredient of 450 ℃ or 480 ℃ is formed; Usually contain a large amount of macromolecular substance such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colloid, bituminous matter etc., its hydrogen richness is lower, ash oontent is higher.

The coal-based heavy oil of preparation according to the invention attaches the used solid carbon material of charcoal cured body TL; It can be any suitable carbonaceous material; It can be the suitable coke (mechanical coke, blue charcoal, waste active carbon, useless activated coke etc.) of coal, granularity of granularity suitable (is 15～40 millimeters such as granularity); Preferably have a large amount of ducts and internal volume so that improve the quantity that basis weight materials is adsorbed coal-based heavy oil, preferably have higher high-temperature capability and high ash fusion point.

Coal-based heavy oil according to the invention attaches charcoal cured body GYT, refers to the integrated solid that is formed by coal-based heavy oil and solid carbon material, and the solid carbon material then is scattered in the internal surface and or the outside surface of solid carbon material as the coal-based heavy oil of skeleton propping material.

The hot procedure RJG of cured body according to the invention, refer to cured body GYT accomplish thermo-cracking with or coking with or gasification, obtain carbon containing with or hydrogeneous with or contain the process of wet goods product.

Coal charge hot procedure MGL according to the invention can be any suitable coal charge destructive distillation or coking or gasification or pyrolytic process.

Solid carbon material TL according to the invention can be the hot charcoal of butt that blue charcoal oven carbonization chamber cooling section is discharged, and can also process the hot charcoal from other device simultaneously.

Parrot coal body YT according to the invention prepares process, coal-based heavy oil MZY contact with solid carbon material TL form absorption with or one or several of the mode of the charcoal material MZYT of the caking coal basic weight oil following manner that can be:

A, liquid heavy oil MZY are sprayed on solid carbon material TL surface;

B, liquid heavy oil MZY flood solid carbon material TL;

C, liquid heavy oil MZY flow through solid carbon material TL.

This paper is the process modification of example explanation the present invention to the blue charcoal device of internal heat type with the blue charcoal device technique of large-scale upright furnace (600,000 t/a upright furnace) of Anshan Research Inst. of Heat Energy, China Iron & Steel Group and Huang gang, Hubei metallurgical furnace Ltd of Huaxing.Yet this can not limit Application Areas of the present invention.The present invention is applicable to all internal heat type carbonizing apparatus or external-heat carbonizing apparatus.In blue charcoal device charring furnace part; Coal charge gets into the blends preheating section on charring furnace coking chamber top; Oxygenant and fuel gas get into and combustion reactions takes place in the charring furnace combustion chamber form entering coking chamber retort section behind the high-temperature flue gas and contact with coal charge from the blends preheating section; Leave the hot blue charcoal of charring furnace coking chamber charcoal cooling section and discharged coking chamber by coke extractor, the raw gas that leaves charring furnace coking chamber charcoal preheating section gets into the coal gas separate part.At the coal gas separate part; Effectively accomplish gas-liquid separation under the operational condition certain; Wherein, The coal tar that obtains gets into following process program such as tar fractionation part, and what obtain gets into following process program such as gas purification, conversion, puies forward procedure of processing such as hydrogen from ring coal gas, and the coal tar sewage that contains that obtains gets into Sewage treatment systems.At the coal gas separate part, part from the gas of coal gas as circulation heat-carrying gas along getting into the burnt cooling section of charring furnace coking chamber.The WP of charring furnace each several part recommends to adopt lower WP, and this WP should be able to guarantee that usually gaseous stream dependence self pressure finally gets into subsequent handling certainly.The top WP of coking chamber is confirmed as required, is generally 0.15～0.2MPa (absolute pressure), is generally 0.13～0.18MPa (absolute pressure), the preferably is 0.15～0.16MPa (absolute pressure).

To the external-heat charring furnace; The coal gas that contains coal tar, moisture, gaseous fraction that coking chamber is discharged is in the similar process of cooling of coal gas separate part process; At the coal gas separate part, under certain effectively operational condition, accomplish gas-liquid separation; The coal tar that obtains gets into following process program such as tar fractionation part; What obtain gets into following process program such as gas purification, conversion, puies forward procedure of processing such as hydrogen from ring coal gas, and the coal tar sewage that contains that obtains gets into Sewage treatment systems, and typical external-heat charring furnace does not use circulation heat-carrying gas.The working pressure of the blue charcoal charring furnace of internal heat type, the blue charcoal charring furnace of external-heat is basic identical.

The working temperature of charring furnace each several part is confirmed according to feed coal character, burnt product quality indicator etc., is example with blue charcoal charring furnace; The top working temperature; Being generally 150～320 ℃, being generally 180～280 ℃, preferably is 200～250 ℃, retort section focus working temperature, and being generally 650～950 ℃, being generally 700～900 ℃, preferably is 750～850 ℃; Cooling section coke discharging temperature is generally 150～300 ℃, is generally 180～250 ℃.The service temperature of the blue charcoal charring furnace of internal heat type, the blue charcoal charring furnace of external-heat is basic identical.

Characteristic of the present invention is below described.

Usually the present invention further comprises the steps:

A, use air, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

B, use oxygen enrichment, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

C, use pure oxygen, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

D, use air, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical;

E, use oxygen enrichment, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical;

F, use pure oxygen, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical.

The retort process of a, external-heat coal carbonization furnace;

The retort process of b, internally heated coal carbonization furnace;

The retort process of c, rotary kiln type coal carbonization furnace;

D, use coal charge advance the retort process of pyrolyzer;

The retort process of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

The coking of a, external-heat coal coking furnace;

The coking of b, internal heat type coal coking furnace;

The coking of c, rotary kiln type coal coking furnace;

D, use coal charge advance the coking of splitter;

The coking of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is one or several of following pyrolytic process of cured body GYT, and coal-based heavy oil MZY weight content is lower than 45 weight % among the parrot coal body YT:

The pyrolytic process of a, external-heat coal cracking stove;

The pyrolytic process of b, internal heat type coal cracking stove;

The pyrolytic process of c, rotary kiln type coal cracking stove;

D, use coal charge advance the pyrolytic process of pyrolyzer;

The pyrolytic process of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

2. obtain coal tar MJY at coal hot procedure MGL;

5. in the hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation process, use from step hydrogen FH 4..

Compare with existing coal-based heavy oil heat processing technique, the invention has the advantages that:

1. realized the solidification of coal-based heavy oil hot procedure raw material form, made coal-based heavy oil on the charcoal material, realize presorting cloth simultaneously, for the process simplification and the stable operationization of coal-based heavy oil hot procedure have been created condition;

2. simplify coal-based heavy oil hot procedure solid product separation system flow process, reduced energy consumption and construction investment;

3. with the dry distillation of coal (or coking or pyrolysis) process integrated design, can form the dry distillation of coal integrated technique that does not produce or produce less coal-based heavy oil;

4. can form and use coal-based heavy oil to prepare the combination process that hydrogen is used for coal light oil hydrogenation process.

5. can realize of mechanize, the robotization of coal-based heavy oil to hot procedure RJG charging.

Embodiment one

Present embodiment is the process modification of example explanation the present invention to the blue charcoal device of internal heat type with 1,200,000 tons of/year blue charcoal energy generation devices of large-scale upright furnace of Anshan Research Inst. of Heat Energy, China Iron & Steel Group and Huang gang, Hubei metallurgical furnace Ltd of Huaxing.

According to the present invention, operation steps is following:

1. at dry distillation of coal process MGL,, go into the stove coal charge and be converted into coke TL discharge dry distillation of coal process through coal preheating section, dry distillation of coal section, burnt cooling section according to the coal charge working direction;

In coal-based oily MJY sepn process, fractionation feed coal base oil MJY is a semi coking tar in 120,000 tons/year, under the underpressure distillation condition, obtains mainly being higher than about 2.25 ten thousand tons/year of the coal-based heavy oil MZY that 450 ℃ of hydrocarbon form by conventional boiling point;

Dry distillation of coal process MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, at least a portion from step cured body GYT 3. can: get into dry distillation of coal section without the coal preheating section and contact with the hot coal material;

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT; 280～300 ℃ coal-based heavy oil MZY fill be filled with granularity be the material-compound tank of 15～40 millimeters solid carbon material TL form absorption with or the charcoal material MZYT of caking coal basic weight oil; After 60 minutes; The oil drain valve that opens the material-compound tank bottom emits free oil, opens the charcoal valve that unloads of material-compound tank bottom then and emits parrot coal body YT;

3. prepare process at cured body GYT, parrot coal body YT gets into water cooling tank or naturally cooling groove and is cooled to accomplish below 100 ℃ and solidify to form coal-based heavy oil and attach charcoal cured body GYT, and cooling tank is provided with whipping appts and stops cured body GYT caking as far as possible.

In the present embodiment, cured body GYT dry distillation of coal process MGL accomplish thermo-cracking with or coking with or gasification, be converted into solid carbon, coal gas and or product such as pyrolysis fuel oil.

Lift an embodiment although this paper just lists, the effect that it shows is present in equally and anyly is suitable for adopting in the process of the present invention.

Claims

1. coal-based heavy oil upgrading method is characterized in that comprising following steps:

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

A, use air, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

B, use oxygen enrichment, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

C, use pure oxygen, water vapour gasification as vaporized chemical;

D, use air, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical;

E, use oxygen enrichment, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical;

F, use pure oxygen, carbonic acid gas gasification as vaporized chemical.

4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is the combined vaporizing process of cured body GYT and other charcoal material.

5. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

The retort process of a, external-heat coal carbonization furnace;

The retort process of b, internally heated coal carbonization furnace;

The retort process of c, rotary kiln type coal carbonization furnace;

D, use coal charge advance the retort process of pyrolyzer;

The retort process of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

6. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

The coking of a, external-heat coal coking furnace;

The coking of b, internal heat type coal coking furnace;

The coking of c, rotary kiln type coal coking furnace;

D, use coal charge advance the coking of splitter;

The coking of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

7. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

The pyrolytic process of a, external-heat coal cracking stove;

The pyrolytic process of b, internal heat type coal cracking stove;

The pyrolytic process of c, rotary kiln type coal cracking stove;

D, use coal charge advance the pyrolytic process of pyrolyzer;

The pyrolytic process of e, use solid thermal carriers technology.

8. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is the retort process of cured body GYT and coal charge mixture.

9. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is the coking of cured body GYT and coal charge mixture.

10. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is the pyrolytic process of cured body GYT and coal charge mixture.

11. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT; Said hot procedure RJG is the associating retort process of cured body GYT and coal charge; According to the coal charge working direction; Go into the stove coal charge and be converted into coke discharge dry distillation of coal process through coal preheating section, dry distillation of coal section, burnt cooling section, at least a portion gets into dry distillation of coal section from step cured body GYT 3. without the coal preheating section and contacts with the coal charge mixing.

12. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT; Said hot procedure RJG is the associating coking of cured body GYT and coal charge; According to the coal charge working direction; Go into the stove coal charge and be converted into coke discharge coal tar process through coal preheating section, coal tar section, burnt cooling section, at least a portion gets into the coal tar section from step cured body GYT 3. without the coal preheating section and contacts with the coal charge mixing.

13., it is characterized in that according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods:

Processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously; At least a portion from step cured body GYT 3. as coal charge device for heat treating MGL raw material processing of coking blends device accomplish thermo-cracking with or coking with or gasification, obtain carbon containing with or hydrogeneous with or the butyraceous product;

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT, coal-based heavy oil MZY contacts the charcoal material MZYT that forms the coal-based heavy oil of absorption with solid porous charcoal material TL, charcoal material MZYT with obtain parrot coal body YT after possible free fluid separates;

14. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that:

1. coal charge hot procedure MGL obtain from containing of coal charge conventional boiling point be higher than the coal-based oily MJY and the product char TL of 450 ℃ of hydrocarbon components;

15., it is characterized in that according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods:

16., it is characterized in that according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods:

3. prepare process at cured body GYT, parrot coal body YT accomplishes and to solidify to form the method that coal-based heavy oil attaches charcoal cured body GYT is to reduce temperature.

17., it is characterized in that according to claim 4 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is the associating hot procedure of cured body GYT and charcoal material, and the ratio of the weight rate of cured body GYT weight rate W1 and charcoal material W2 is K=W1/W2, and K is 0.01～0.20.

18. method according to claim 17 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT, said hot procedure RJG is the associating hot procedure of cured body GYT and charcoal material, and the ratio K of the weight rate of cured body GYT weight rate W1 and charcoal material W2 is 0.02～0.05.

19. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that:

20. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that:

21. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that:

Processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, and at least a portion gets into dry distillation of coal section from step cured body GYT 3. without the coal preheating section and contacts with the hot coal material.

22. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that:

Processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, and at least a portion gets into dry distillation of coal section middle part from step cured body GYT 3. without the coal preheating section and contacts with the hot coal material.

23. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that:

Processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, and at least a portion gets into dry distillation of coal pars infrasegmentalis from step cured body GYT 3. without " preheating section and retort section top " and contacts with the hot coal material.

24. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that:

Processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, and the temperature that at least a portion directly gets into the charcoal cooling section from step cured body GYT 3. without " preheating section and retort section " is higher than 450 ℃ locus and contacts with hot charcoal.

25. according to Claim 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods, it is characterized in that:

2. obtain coal tar MJY at coal hot procedure MGL;

5. in the hydrocarbon oil hydrogenation process, use from step hydrogen FH 4..

26. method according to claim 25 is characterized in that:

27. method according to claim 25 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT,, go into stove charcoal material through charcoal material preheating and drying district, charcoal material dry distillation area, charcoal material reduction zone, charcoal material oxidation zone, clinker area according to charcoal material slagging component working direction; At least a portion gets into charcoal material dry distillation area from step cured body GYT 3. without charcoal material preheating and drying district.

28. method according to claim 25 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT,, go into stove charcoal material through charcoal material preheating and drying district, charcoal material dry distillation area, charcoal material reduction zone, charcoal material oxidation zone, clinker area according to charcoal material slagging component working direction; At least a portion gets into charcoal material reduction zone from step cured body GYT 3. without " charcoal material preheating and drying district and charcoal material dry distillation area ".

29. method according to claim 25 is characterized in that:

4. utilize process at cured body GYT,, go into stove charcoal material through charcoal material preheating and drying district, charcoal material dry distillation area, charcoal material reduction zone, charcoal material oxidation zone, clinker area according to charcoal material slagging component working direction; At least a portion gets into clinker area top from step cured body GYT 3. without " charcoal material preheating and drying district, charcoal material dry distillation area, charcoal material reduction zone, charcoal material oxidation zone ".

30. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

1. in coal-based oily MJY sepn process, fractionation feed coal base oil MJY is the oil product of producing from gelatin liquefaction system oil process.

31. method according to claim 30 is characterized in that:

1. in coal-based oily MJY sepn process, fractionation feed coal base oil MJY is the oil product of producing from gelatin liquefaction system oil process that contains solid particulate.

32. method according to claim 30 is characterized in that:

1. in coal-based oily MJY sepn process, fractionation feed coal base oil MJY is the oil product of producing from gelatin liquefaction system oil process that contains solid particulate, solid particulate by spent catalyst with or trickle carbon granule with or the tar condenses form.

33., it is characterized in that according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods:

2. prepare process at parrot coal body YT, coal-based heavy oil MZY contact with butt solid carbon material TL form absorption with or the charcoal material MZYT of caking coal basic weight oil; Butt solid carbon material TL is from the dry coke quenching process.

34., it is characterized in that according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods:

1. the approach of cured body GYT entering hot procedure RJG is through the pipe special charging system, and the feeding tube system is provided with opening for feed K1, puopulsion unit K2, the shutdown valve K3 when puopulsion unit resets (reinforced state);

Pipeline charging system charging program is following:, cured body GYT gets into pipeline through opening for feed K1 becomes the pipeline material; Puopulsion unit K2 makes the pipeline material move forward into the closed conduit space; Open shutdown valve K3, puopulsion unit K2 advances the pipeline material to enter the material feeding locus of hot procedure RJG through follow-up closed conduit;

35. method according to claim 34 is characterized in that:

36., it is characterized in that according to claim 3 or 4 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described methods:

1. processing of coking blends device MGL is cured body GYT hot procedure RJG simultaneously, and at least a portion gets into dry distillation of coal section from step cured body GYT 3. without " preheating section " and contacts with the hot coal material;

The approach that cured body GYT gets into processing of coking blends device MGL dry distillation of coal section is: the special-purpose feeding tube of process system, feeding tube system are provided with opening for feed, puopulsion unit, the shutdown valve when puopulsion unit resets (reinforced state).

37. method according to claim 36 is characterized in that:

1. the approach of cured body GYT entering material processing unit (plant) MGL dry distillation of coal section is: the special-purpose feeding tube of process system; The feeding tube system is provided with opening for feed, puopulsion unit, the shutdown valve when puopulsion unit resets (reinforced state); Said process is used Controlled by Programmable Controller, forms automatic feeding system.