CN102584508A - Preparation workstation for producing explosive - Google Patents
Preparation workstation for producing explosive Download PDFInfo
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- CN102584508A CN102584508A CN2012100473754A CN201210047375A CN102584508A CN 102584508 A CN102584508 A CN 102584508A CN 2012100473754 A CN2012100473754 A CN 2012100473754A CN 201210047375 A CN201210047375 A CN 201210047375A CN 102584508 A CN102584508 A CN 102584508A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation workstation for producing explosive. The preparation workstation comprises raw material storage and transportation units, an aqueous phase preparation unit, an oil phase preparation unit, a matrix preparation and transportation unit, a mixed loading and transportation unit and an additive unit. Different raw materials are transported to the preparation workstation, wherein the raw material I is transported to the storage and transportation unit, the prepared aqueous phase and the prepared oil phase are transported to the matrix preparation and transportation unit together, a matrix is generated, one part of matrix is transported to an external matrix distribution station, and the other part of matrix is transported to the mixed loading and transportation unit. The raw material II input from the outer part of the preparation workstation is transported to the storage and transportation unit, then transported to the mixed loading and transportation unit and respectively accommodated with the matrix and multiple additives input from the additive unit, and the mixture is transported to the outer part of the preparation workstation from the mixed loading and transportation unit, such as a blasting site. By the process flow design, the process links can be reduced, continuity of the process is ensured, energy is saved, risks of accidental explosion are reduced, the safety level is substantially improved, and the cost and the discharge of pollutants are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical process field of industrial explosive production, and particularly relates to a preparation station for explosive preparation far away from a blasting site, namely an early-stage technical process of explosive production.
Background
In the prior industrial explosive production technology, the packaged explosive produced by a common explosive factory has high cost, fixed density and 1.1-level dangerous goods, has great potential safety hazard, particularly high packaging cost and management cost, large one-time investment, intensive labor production and low production efficiency.
There are also on-site mixed explosive production techniques, but the produced products such as ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive are not waterproof and have non-adjustable density; for example, the emulsion explosive has high unit consumption, extremely low production efficiency, extremely small density adjustment range, limited proportion of porous ammonium nitrate of the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, unadjustable density and unsuitability for variable rock conditions on blasting sites, and generally shows that the selected space is extremely limited when water holes, wet blast holes, dry holes, soft and hard rocks, joints are not developed uniformly or the filled explosives need different densities, so the manufacturing cost and the blasting cost are high.
In addition, the manufacturing links are more, so that energy is wasted and emission is increased. For example, ammonium nitrate, which is a main production raw material of emulsion explosives, is dehydrated and granulated in a factory for transportation, is produced in a solid state, is packaged and then is transported to an explosive manufacturer. The problem with this is that:
1. waste the heat energy consumed in the production of ammonium nitrate in raw material factories;
2. in the raw material plant, energy must be consumed to change ammonium nitrate from a liquid state to a solid state;
3. when the ammonium nitrate is transported to an explosive production place, the ammonium nitrate is changed from a solid state to a liquid state, and energy sources must be consumed by heating;
4. the packaging process inevitably occupies a part of the cost.
Similarly, other semi-finished products required by the production of finished explosive products, such as water phase, oil phase and emulsion matrix, do not leave the processes of cooling, heating, solidifying, packaging and the like in the conventional production process, so that a plurality of links have to be reheated, melted and dissolved, which wastes energy and leaves potential safety hazards in the conveying process after charging and packaging. It is well known that the above-mentioned finished or semi-finished explosives are inadvertently packaged, stored, transported and used, and may be accidentally burnt or detonated due to friction, vibration, open fire and temperature changes. In addition, there are many processes such as: the sensitizing process, the cooling process, the operation process, the charging process, the packaging process, the temporary storage and warehousing process, the paper cutting process, the paper winding process, the middle packaging process, the bundling process, the auxiliary material storage, the sealing process, the bagging process and other intermediate links exist, so that the cost is increased, the danger is increased, and the control is forced to be carried out. This has led to the national regulatory bodies having to come up with several technical and regulatory standards to regulate the inventory, production, storage, transportation, transit, use of these explosives and their raw materials, which has to consume significant public costs for fire fighting and other precautionary measures. Meanwhile, because the production links are multiple, such as the discontinuity of latex matrix production, and most of the production links are vehicle transportation and manual handling, the cost is further increased, and the productivity and the production rate are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the production and use processes of the explosive, the invention provides a preparation workstation for producing the explosive, which completely and seamlessly converts an explosive factory producing a 1.1-level dangerous article grade into an explosive preparation workstation of a 5.1-level strong oxidant dangerous grade, and all raw materials are converted into finished explosive products until being filled into blast holes.
The overall design is as follows: the preparation workstation comprises a raw material first storage and transportation unit, a raw material second storage and transportation unit, a water phase preparation unit, an oil phase preparation unit, a matrix preparation and conveying unit, a mixed loading and conveying unit and an additive unit, wherein the raw material first storage and transportation unit, the raw material second storage and transportation unit, the water phase preparation unit, the oil phase preparation unit, the matrix preparation and conveying unit, the mixed loading and conveying unit and the additive unit are different;
the raw material I and the raw material II are transported to the preparation workstation from the outside, wherein the raw material I is transported to the raw material I storage and transportation unit, then the water phase is generated by the water phase preparation unit, and then the raw material I and the oil phase generated by the oil phase preparation unit are transported to the matrix preparation and transportation unit together to generate a matrix, one part of the matrix is transported to an external matrix distribution station, and the other part of the matrix is transported to the mixed loading and transportation unit;
and after receiving the substrate, the mixing and conveying unit receives the raw material II from the raw material II storage and transportation unit and receives the additive from the additive unit, and the raw material II, the raw material II and the additive are separately stored and stored in a heat preservation way and are conveyed to the outside of the preparation workstation by the mixing and conveying unit.
The scheme is mainly used for manufacturing any one of nine products, namely heavy emulsion explosive, density-adjustable heavy emulsion explosive, low-density emulsion explosive, ultralow-density emulsion explosive, heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, density-adjustable heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, density-adjustable porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and pure emulsion explosive, and can be selected.
Compared with the traditional technology, the design simplifies a plurality of process links, reduces the cost, improves the manufacturing efficiency, saves energy, reduces emission and achieves low carbon and environmental protection. And because a plurality of links are omitted, the probability of accidental combustion and explosion is reduced, and the safety level is substantially improved.
According to the above general design, several aspects are embodied as follows:
firstly, the raw material I is at least liquid ammonium nitrate with the temperature of 100-130 ℃ and the concentration of 70-95%, or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, and a flame suppressor is added, and the raw material I and the flame suppressor are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof;
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle or a heat-preservation storage facility; or,
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle and a heat-preservation storage facility, and the raw material is sent to the heat-preservation storage facility through the heat-preservation transport vehicle and is prepared into a water phase for later use;
the heat-preservation transport vehicle or the heat-preservation storage facility for the raw material I is provided with a device for heating the raw material I and a steam cleaning device.
By adopting the design, the raw materials such as hot liquid ammonium nitrate and the like are directly conveyed, so that the step of dissolving solid into liquid is omitted, and the steps of packaging, loading and unloading solid raw materials are also omitted. Because of the self-heat and the heat preservation measures, a large part of energy is saved for the temperature increase required by the next step of aqueous phase preparation. As direct sunlight and wind and rain on process equipment are easy to cause temperature deviation from set values required by a plurality of chemical reactions, the product quality is influenced, and the solar energy heat collector is set to be light-proof and rain-proof. The transportation means such as tank cars for loading and transporting the raw material I and the storage facilities are insulated, and the purpose is to fully utilize the heat carried by the raw material I in the preparation process of a factory. The steam cleaning is to ensure the safety during cleaning, prevent open fire caused by friction and clean the cleaning.
In a second aspect, the raw material I is at least solid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, and a flame suppressor is added, and the raw material I are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof; the raw material I storage and transportation unit comprises a storage facility and a crushing facility, and the solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are crushed into particles and then prepared into a water phase for later use.
The introduction of the solid material, which remains a part thereof, is a backup solution for the next step of adjusting the concentration of the aqueous oxidizer salt solution and preventing the liquid material from being introduced for any reason. The heat preservation and light shielding measures are necessary designs for maintaining the required temperature.
The flame suppressor is added in the two aspects, and is a necessary flow for preparing the explosive required by coal mining.
In a third aspect, the raw material I is at least liquid ammonium nitrate with the temperature of 100-130 ℃ and the concentration of 70-95%, or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, and the raw material I are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof;
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle or a heat-preservation storage facility; or,
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle and a heat-preservation storage facility, and the raw material is sent to the heat-preservation storage facility through the heat-preservation transport vehicle and is prepared into a water phase for later use;
the heat-preservation transport vehicle or the heat-preservation storage facility for the raw material I is provided with a device for heating the raw material I and a steam cleaning device.
In the fourth aspect, the raw material I is at least solid ammonium nitrate or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate and sodium perchlorate is added, and the raw material I and the raw material II are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof; the raw material I storage and transportation unit comprises a storage facility and a crushing facility, and the solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are crushed into particles and then prepared into a water phase for later use.
In the two aspects, the flame suppressor is not added, so that the process is a process necessary for preparing explosives required by non-coal mine exploitation. The advantages are the same as above.
In a fifth aspect, the aqueous phase preparation unit comprises the steps of:
a. after the ammonium nitrate or other oxidants are added, the ammonium nitrate or other oxidants are metered and controlled, added with water, heated to a preset temperature by hot water or steam, stirred, and subjected to concentration adjustment;
b. adjusting the pH value of the mixture to a preset value by an acidic regulator or an alkaline regulator;
c. filtering the generated oxidant salt water solution for many times until the turbidity reaches a preset value; washing, precipitating, filtering, recovering and circulating the residual liquid, and using the residual liquid for preparing a water phase again, wherein hot water or steam is used for supplementing heat to a preset temperature in the whole process;
d. the oxidant salt water solution is a water phase, hot water or steam is used for heat compensation and heat preservation, and the water phase is stored for standby use, and storage facilities of the water phase are set to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
The residual liquid recovery is based on the consideration of raw material saving, energy conservation and emission reduction, and meanwhile, the current explosive chemical production industry has the technical capabilities of recovery, filtration and circulation, but the technology is not introduced in the prior art. The heat preservation storage aims at reducing links so as to directly enter the next process, and the link of reheating after being cooled is avoided. Light-proof, hot water or steam heating, and the like, and aims to strengthen the control on the temperature.
In a sixth aspect, the oil phase preparation unit comprises the steps of:
a. the oil material is controlled by metering to prepare an oil phase;
b. heating with hot water or steam to a preset value, and filtering;
c. the oil phase is sent into a storage, the temperature is kept within 55-90 ℃ by hot water or steam for standby, and storage facilities of the oil phase are set to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
The material is stored in a certain temperature range, and the aim is to reduce links so as to directly enter the next process, thereby avoiding the link of reheating after being cooled.
In a seventh aspect, the substrate preparing and transporting unit comprises a substrate preparing unit and a substrate transporting unit, comprising the steps of:
a. emulsifying the oil phase and the water phase in the matrix preparation unit in an emulsifier at a set temperature and pressure through a heat insulation pipeline and a pump, metering control and preset component proportion to form an emulsion matrix;
b. the latex matrix is transported to one of:
entering a storage in the substrate preparation unit, preserving heat, waiting for inputting the substrate conveying unit with a heat preservation device, and then sending the substrate conveying unit to a substrate distribution station outside the preparation workstation; or, the latex matrix is directly input into the matrix conveying unit without passing through the storage device, and is sent to a matrix distribution station outside the preparation work station through the unit;
c. at the same time, the latex matrix must also be fed to two:
entering a storage in the substrate preparation unit, preserving heat, and waiting for inputting into the mixing and conveying unit; or, the latex matrix is directly input into the mixing and conveying unit without passing through the memory;
the substrate storage, the substrate conveying unit, the substrate preparation unit and the mixed loading and conveying unit are all arranged to keep out the sun and rain.
The matrix conveying unit can be represented as a heat preservation distribution vehicle, the storage can be represented as a heat preservation container, the purposes of saving consumption and minimum loss of generated heat in the preparation and transportation processes are achieved, and the matrix in a fluid or semi-fluid state directly enters the next process, for example, energy sources and processes are not required to be consumed to change the shape when the matrix is prepared and filled in blast holes on the blasting site which is several kilometers to several hundred kilometers away. The other advantages are the same as the above.
In an eighth aspect, the additive received by the mixing and conveying unit from the additive unit is diesel oil and a sensitizer which are stored separately from each other in a preset ratio, or diesel oil, a sensitizer and a physical density modifier which are stored separately from each other in a preset ratio; the containers for the additive are both arranged to be sun and rain sheltered.
Various explosive semi-finished products or materials, such as insulated emulsion matrixes, diesel oil, sensitizers and the like are metered and sent to the outside of the preparation workstation by a mixed loading and conveying unit, such as a mixed loading vehicle, for example, to a blasting site several kilometers to several hundred kilometers away, at the moment, in the transported substances, the emulsion matrixes belong to 5.1-grade strong oxidizers, the diesel oil, the sensitizers and the density regulators have low safety levels, belong to general chemicals, are far less than any finished explosive, are respectively stored in different containers in the vehicle, are very suitable for transportation, and therefore, the safety coefficient is naturally higher.
In a ninth aspect, the second raw material is porous granular ammonium nitrate; in the raw material II storage and transportation unit, after being input from the outside of the preparation workstation, the porous granular ammonium nitrate is stored and transported to the mixing loading and transporting unit; and the container and the conveying device of the second raw material are both arranged to keep out sunlight and rain.
Such designs are also for temperature control considerations. In addition, the second raw material is porous granular ammonium nitrate which is used as an oxidant in the finished explosive.
In the tenth aspect, the heat preservation and heat supplement measures are applied to all the processes and equipment of the raw material-storage-transportation unit, the water phase preparation unit, the oil phase preparation unit, the substrate preparation and transportation unit, the mixing and transportation unit and other preparation workstations for containing liquid (fluid or semi-fluid) except diesel oil and a sensitizing agent, and the method is that a heating device uniformly or respectively heats water, liquid raw materials, the water phase, the oil phase and the substrate to preset values, and a pipeline, a pump, a container or a valve is covered with a heat preservation layer for circulating hot water or steam, or a circular interlayer/sleeve for circulating hot water or steam.
The preparation work stations are subjected to heat preservation and heat supplement inside and outside, and the purpose is to reduce links and cost so as to directly enter the next process, and reheating after cooling is avoided.
In the eleventh aspect, the externally-input liquid ammonium nitrate is 120 ℃ and the concentration is 88-94%. The value comes from the optimal range of repeated tests, and the frequent temperature of the liquid ammonium nitrate from the factory to the preparation workstation is about 120 ℃; the concentrations are also the values mentioned above, and this concentration is suitable for the preparation of the aqueous phase. The purpose of such design is to maintain the temperature required for the next explosive production stage at the lowest cost.
In a twelfth aspect, the liquid ammonium nitrate, the substrate, the diesel oil, the water phase, the oil phase and the sensitizer are transferred by pumping, wherein the substrate adopts a screw pump, a diaphragm pump or a plunger pump; the solid ammonium nitrate, the physical density modifier and the porous granular ammonium nitrate are transferred by a screw conveyor. Therefore, the manual work is saved, the automatic filling is realized, and the efficiency is improved. The circulation efficiency of materials among all units is improved, and further the productivity and efficiency of the explosive are improved.
In a thirteenth aspect, the whole preparation workstation is mobile and is provided with a power device so as to move among different regions and quickly enter a production working state; or,
the whole preparation workstation is in a unit assembly type, does not have a power device, is dragged by a vehicle, and is quickly assembled and put into production after moving among different regions; or,
the whole preparation workstation is a fixed object, is established among detonation sites of different regions, and is used for producing and distributing various explosive semi-finished products and/or raw materials for the detonation sites.
Three alternatives, both for safety and regulatory considerations, are remote from the blast site. And the frequency is adjusted conveniently according to the assignment of the production task.
In a fourteenth aspect, a preparation workstation for producing explosives comprises a raw material storage and transportation unit, a water phase preparation unit, an oil phase preparation unit, a substrate preparation and conveying unit, a mixed loading and conveying unit and an additive unit;
the raw material I is transported to the preparation workstation from the outside, wherein the raw material I is transported to the raw material I storage and transportation unit, then the water phase is generated by the water phase preparation unit, and then the raw material I and the oil phase generated by the oil phase preparation unit are transported to the matrix preparation and transportation unit together to generate a matrix, one part of the matrix is transported to an external matrix distribution station, and the other part of the matrix is transported to the mixed loading and transportation unit;
and after the mixing and conveying unit receives the substrate, the additive from the additive unit is received, the mixing and conveying unit and the substrate are separately stored and stored in a heat preservation way, and are sent to the outside of the preparation workstation by the mixing and conveying unit together, such as a blasting site, and then are mixed and loaded into a blast hole to be changed into explosive.
This solution, only used for the production of emulsion explosives.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general view of a preparation station for producing explosives in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an example of a feedstock-specific oxidizer, such as liquid ammonium nitrate, in a feedstock-storage and transportation unit;
FIG. 3 is an embodiment of a feedstock-specific oxidizer, such as solid ammonium nitrate, in a feedstock-specific storage and transportation unit;
FIG. 4 is an embodiment of an aqueous phase preparation unit;
FIG. 5 is an embodiment of an oil phase preparation unit;
FIG. 6 is an embodiment of a feed two storage and transportation unit;
FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a combination of a substrate preparation and delivery unit, a mixing and delivery unit;
FIG. 7-2 is another embodiment of a substrate preparation unit in the substrate preparation and delivery unit;
FIG. 8 is a view of one preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a general view of a preparatory workstation for producing only emulsion explosives in accordance with the invention.
Detailed Description
The claims and the summary are further illustrated below by way of examples.
The preparation station for the production of explosives of the invention, see fig. 1, is generally designed as: the preparation workstation comprises a raw material I storage and transportation unit 1, a raw material II storage and transportation unit 5, a water phase preparation unit 2, an oil phase preparation unit 3, a matrix preparation and conveying unit 4, a mixed loading and conveying unit and an additive unit, wherein the raw material I storage and transportation unit, the matrix preparation and conveying unit and the additive unit are different from each other from several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers away from a blasting site.
And transporting the raw material I and the raw material II from the outside to a preparation workstation, wherein the raw material I is transported to a raw material I storage and transportation unit 1, then a water phase is generated by a water phase preparation unit 2, and then the raw material I and the water phase are transported to a matrix preparation and transportation unit 4 together with an oil phase generated by an oil phase preparation unit 3 to generate a matrix, one part of the matrix is transported to an external matrix distribution station, and the other part of the matrix is transported to a mixing loading and transportation unit.
After the mixing and conveying unit receives the substrate, the raw material II from the raw material II storage and conveying unit 5 and the additive from the additive unit are received, and the raw material II, the raw material II and the additive are stored separately and stored in a heat preservation way and are sent to the outside of the preparation workstation by the mixing and conveying unit together.
FIG. 1 is a general view of a preparation station for producing explosives in accordance with the present invention. The raw materials for producing explosives are a mixture of oxides such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like, and the other is often porous granular ammonium nitrate. They are transported from the factory to the preparation station and then to the different units. Of course, other materials are carried in, and are not mentioned as they are not the originality of the patent.
After a plurality of intermediate processes, the produced semi-finished product such as latex matrix, diesel oil, sensitizer, density regulator and the like are transported to the outside of the preparation workstation together, and are directly transported to blasting sites with different distances from hundreds of meters, kilometers, hundreds of kilometers to thousands of kilometers.
Compared with the traditional technology, the design simplifies the process links such as unpacking, crushing, dissolving, heating, cooling and packaging of solid raw materials, saves energy and reduces cost. The product transported out of the preparation workstation is not a finished explosive product and is only a grade 5.1 oxidant due to a plurality of links; sensitization processing is started after the blast furnace is transported to a blasting site, and meanwhile, filling is convenient in blast holes in the blasting site; all the procedures are completed only in the blast hole of the construction blasting site, and the finished product of the real explosive which can be detonated by a detonator and a detonating bullet is completed. Therefore, the probability of accidental combustion and explosion in the processes of transportation, storage and process flow is reduced, and the intrinsic safety level is greatly improved.
According to the above general design, several embodiments are embodied as follows:
in one example, fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which the raw material-specific oxidizer, such as liquid ammonium nitrate, is contained in the raw material-storage and transportation unit 1. The raw material I is at least liquid ammonium nitrate with the temperature of 100-130 ℃ and the concentration of 70-95%, or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, a flame suppressor, such as a flame suppressor sodium chloride for a coal mine explosive, is added, and the raw materials are respectively input into a preparation workstation; storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof;
the raw material I storage and transportation unit 1 is a heat-preservation transport vehicle or a heat-preservation storage facility; or,
the raw material I storage and transportation unit 1 is a heat-preservation transport vehicle and a heat-preservation storage facility, and the raw material is conveyed to the heat-preservation storage facility through the heat-preservation transport vehicle and is prepared into a water phase for later use;
the heat-insulating transport vehicle or heat-insulating storage facility for the first raw material is provided with a raw material-heating device and a steam cleaning device.
Due to the design, the temperature deviation set value required by a plurality of chemical reactions is easily caused due to direct sunlight and wind and rain, and the using effect of explosive products is further influenced.
The direct feeding of the hot liquid ammonium nitrate and other raw materials eliminates the steps of dissolving the solid into the liquid and the steps of packaging, unpacking, transporting, loading and unloading the solid raw materials. Due to the self-contained heat, a considerable part of energy and materials are saved due to the temperature increase required for the next aqueous phase preparation.
Example two, fig. 3, is an example of a feedstock-specific oxidizer, such as solid ammonium nitrate, in a feedstock-specific storage and transportation unit 1. Raw material I at least contains solid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and other oxidants, and flame suppressor, such as sodium chloride, which are respectively input into preparation workstation; storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof; the raw material-storing and transporting unit 1 comprises a storing facility and a crushing facility, and solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are crushed into particles and prepared into a water phase for standby.
The manner in which a portion of the ammonium nitrate in solid state is retained at the preparation station is a back-up option in view of the next adjustment of the concentration of the aqueous oxidizer salt solution or when the liquid feed is interrupted.
The flame suppressor is added in the two aspects, and is a necessary flow for preparing the explosive required by coal mining.
In the third embodiment, the raw material I is at least liquid ammonium nitrate with the temperature of 100-130 ℃ and the concentration of 70% -95%, or at least one of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and other oxidants are added, and the raw material I are respectively input into the preparation workstation; storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof;
the raw material I storage and transportation unit 1 is a heat-preservation transport vehicle or a heat-preservation storage facility; or,
the raw material I storage and transportation unit 1 is a heat-preservation transport vehicle and a heat-preservation storage facility, and the raw material is conveyed to the heat-preservation storage facility through the heat-preservation transport vehicle and is prepared into a water phase for later use;
the heat-insulating transport vehicle or heat-insulating storage facility for the first raw material is provided with a device for heating the first raw material and a steam cleaning device.
In the fourth embodiment, the raw material (A) is at least solid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and other oxidants are added, and the raw material (A) and the raw material (B) are respectively input into the preparation workstation; storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof; the raw material-storing and transporting unit 1 comprises a storing facility and a crushing facility, and solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are crushed into particles and prepared into a water phase for standby.
In the two aspects, the flame suppressor is not added, so that the process is a process necessary for preparing explosives required by non-coal mine exploitation. The advantages are the same as above.
Example five, fig. 4 is an example of the aqueous phase preparation unit 2. The aqueous phase preparation unit 2 comprises the following steps:
a. adding water, heating with hot water or steam to preset temperature, stirring, and adjusting concentration;
b. adjusting the pH value of the mixture to a preset value by an acidic regulator or an alkaline regulator;
c. filtering the generated oxidant salt water solution for many times until the turbidity reaches a preset value; washing, precipitating, filtering, recovering and circulating the residual liquid, and using the residual liquid for preparing a water phase again, wherein hot water or steam is used for supplementing heat to a preset temperature in the whole process;
d. the oxidant salt water solution is water phase, hot water or steam is used for heat compensation and heat preservation, and the water phase is stored for standby use, and the storage facilities of the water phase are set to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
The diatomite rough filtering and fine filtering technology and device can be adopted to filter and remove impurities in the aqueous phase solution, and the waste water and the washed ammonium nitrate are recovered by the preparation technology of the oxidant saline solution, so that zero emission is realized. The residual liquid recovery is based on the consideration of raw material saving, energy conservation and emission reduction and environmental pollution suppression, and meanwhile, the current explosive chemical production industry has the technical capabilities of recovery, filtration and circulation, and the residual liquid recovery is only in the prior art and has not been introduced. The heat preservation storage also aims at reducing links so as to directly enter the next process, and the process does not need to be reheated after being cooled.
Sixthly, fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the oil phase preparation unit 3, comprising the steps of:
a. melting and heating oil components such as hydrocarbon compounds such as paraffin, paraffin oil, white oil, microcrystalline wax, and composite wax with emulsifier, or melting and heating the measured composite oil phase containing emulsifier to obtain oil phase;
b. metering, supplementing heat to a preset temperature, maintaining melting and filtering;
c. the oil phase is sent into a storage, the temperature is kept within 55-90 ℃ by hot water or steam for standby, and storage facilities of the oil phase are set to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
The hot water or steam is used for heating and heat preservation storage, and the aim is to reduce links with low carbon and low emission so as to directly enter the next process without recooling and reheating.
Seventh example, fig. 7, is an embodiment of a combination of a substrate preparation and delivery unit 4, a mixing and delivery unit. The substrate preparation and transport unit 4, as shown by the largest dashed box in fig. 7, comprises a substrate preparation unit 4a and a substrate transport unit 4b, comprising the steps of:
a. in the matrix preparation unit 4a, as shown by the second large dotted line frame in fig. 7, an oil phase (oil phase material) and a water phase (oxidant saline solution) are emulsified in an emulsifier at a set temperature and pressure through a heat-insulating pipeline and a pump by metering control and a preset component ratio to form a latex matrix;
b. latex matrix delivery to one of:
a storage 6 in the substrate preparation unit 4a, indicated by the smallest two dotted line boxes in fig. 7, for holding the temperature, waiting for the substrate conveying unit 4b with a heat holding device to be input, which may be represented as a substrate delivery vehicle, and delivering the substrate to the outside of the preparation workstation, such as a blasting site or a substrate delivery station within tens or hundreds of meters, via the delivery vehicle; or,
the latex matrix is directly input into a matrix distribution vehicle without passing through the memory 6, and is sent to the outside of a preparation workstation, such as a blasting site or a matrix distribution station within tens or hundreds of meters;
c. at the same time, the latex matrix must also be fed to the second:
entering a storage 6 in the matrix preparation unit 4a, preserving heat, waiting for input into the mixing and conveying unit, which may also be embodied as a mixing truck; alternatively, the latex matrix is directly fed into the mixing truck without passing through the storage 6. The substrate storage 6, the substrate transport unit 4b, the substrate preparation unit 4a, the mixing and transport unit are all arranged to be sun-and rain-sheltered.
The maximum dashed box in fig. 7 is the substrate preparation and transportation unit 4, the two small boxes with thin dashed lines are the substrate thermal storage 6, and the existence and the spanning of the two storages 6 do not affect the whole purpose and function of the substrate preparation unit 4 a. The presence of this reservoir 6 buffers the temporary surplus of production when it is not time to transport the substrate out of the substrate preparation unit 4 a. The design of the matrix distribution vehicle and the heat preservation storage 6 also aims to prevent heat generated in the preparation process from being dissipated, and also aims to directly transport the fluid or semi-fluid matrix to subsequent processes, such as material modulation, blast hole filling and other processes in a blasting site from several kilometers to hundreds of kilometers away, without consuming energy and processes to change the forms of the materials.
Fig. 7-2 shows another embodiment of the substrate preparation unit 4a in the substrate preparation and transport unit 4, which is reduced by one reservoir compared to the embodiment of fig. 7, and the rest of the structure and function are identical, i.e. after the emulsion substrate is produced, the emulsion substrate is led to the substrate delivery vehicle to the left and to the mixing vehicle to the right, and especially the only substrate heat-retaining reservoir 6 can be omitted here.
In an eighth embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the mixing and conveying unit may be embodied as a mixing truck, which receives the additives from the additive unit as a predetermined ratio of diesel oil and sensitizer stored separately from each other, or as a predetermined ratio of diesel oil, sensitizer and physical density modifier stored separately from each other, and the containers of the additives are all configured to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
Here, the upper mixing and conveying unit and the lower mixing and conveying vehicle may be equivalent to the same thing in terms of concept. That is, the mixing and conveying unit may be embodied as a unified external conveying vehicle with several separated containers, screw conveying devices, pumping devices, pipelines and other necessary components, or may be embodied as a combination of the above-mentioned two, that is, the carriage itself may be designed as a container separated from several bins, a screw conveying device, a conveying vehicle with a pumping device capable of heat preservation, so as to maintain the material temperature on a long transportation line of several hundred to several thousand kilometers, and at the same time, since there is no finished explosive in the carriage, only such as porous granular ammonium nitrate, substrate, diesel oil, sensitizer and physical density regulator, and they are all separately stored in each other, it is relatively safe in transportation. The next process link is directly carried out after the blast site, so that the time is saved, and the efficiency and the quality are improved.
FIG. 8 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Taking liquid ammonium nitrate as an example, the invention integrates all the specific examples, specific materials, specific modes and other relatively lower expression forms with the best effect. The dashed box in fig. 8 indicates the incubation of the emulsion matrix in the reservoir 6 and may be omitted, i.e. after the matrix has been produced in the emulsifier, it may be passed directly across to the matrix incubation dispensing or mixing vehicle.
In FIG. 8, a dashed box 1 is a raw material storage and transportation unit 1; the dotted line frame 2 is the water phase preparation unit 2; a dotted line frame 3 is an oil phase preparation unit 3; the dotted line frame 4 is the matrix preparation and conveying unit 4; a dashed box 5 is a raw material II storage and transportation unit 5; the dotted line frame 6 is the latex matrix heat preservation storage 6. Therefore, fig. 8 is an embodiment of fig. 1, and is also a sum of fig. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
Example nine, figure 6 shows an example of a second feedstock storage and transportation unit 5, where the second feedstock is porous granular ammonium nitrate, used to adjust the oxygen balance in the explosive. In the raw material two storage and transportation unit 5, porous granular ammonium nitrate is input from the outside of the preparation workstation, stored and transported to the mixing, loading and transporting unit. And the container and the conveying device of the second raw material are both arranged to keep out sunlight and rain.
In the tenth embodiment, the raw material-storage-transportation unit 1, the water phase preparation unit 2, the oil phase preparation unit 3, the substrate preparation and transportation unit 4, the mixing and transportation unit, and other parts of the whole processes and equipment of the preparation workstation for containing liquids other than diesel oil and a sensitizing agent, such as liquid ammonium nitrate, water phase preparation, oil phase preparation and storage, substrate preparation, substrate transportation and storage, and pipeline and unit transportation, are all provided with heat preservation and heat supplement measures. And carrying out heat preservation on the substrate storage, transportation and field mixed loading. The heat preservation and the heat supplement aim at reducing links so as to directly enter the next process and avoid reheating after being cooled.
In the eleventh embodiment, the liquid ammonium nitrate is supplied from the outside at 120 ℃ and has a concentration of 88% to 94%. The value comes from the optimal range of repeated tests, and the frequent temperature of the liquid ammonium nitrate from the factory to the preparation workstation is about 120 ℃; the concentrations are also the values mentioned above, and this concentration is just suitable for the preparation of the aqueous phase. The purpose of such design is to maintain the temperature required for the next explosive production stage at the lowest cost.
The above data are all summarized empirically as the best range. For an ammonium nitrate factory, the temperature and concentration range are easy to realize, the manufacturing cost is relatively low, and the method is set for the purposes of energy conservation, link saving and safety.
In the twelfth embodiment, the liquid ammonium nitrate, the matrix, the diesel oil, the water phase, the oil phase and the sensitizer are transferred by pumping, wherein the matrix is a screw pump, a diaphragm pump or a plunger pump; solid ammonium nitrate, physical density modifier, and porous granular ammonium nitrate are transferred by a screw conveyor. Therefore, the manual work is saved, the automatic filling is realized, and the efficiency is improved. The circulation efficiency of materials among all units is improved, and further the productivity and efficiency of the explosive are improved.
The physical density regulator can be polystyrene or polyethylene particles, and is suitable thermoplastic polymer foam particles, or dried plant body particles and expanded perlite particles. These materials all work well as density modifiers. The physical density modifier is preferably a material having pores in the particles, including expanded polymeric materials such as: polystyrene, polyethylene; expanded mineral products, such as perlite, preferably polystyrene granules, as density modifiers to achieve the different densities of a wide variety of explosives.
Thirteen examples, the whole preparation workstation is mobile, and is provided with a power device to move among different regions and quickly enter a production working state; or,
the whole preparation workstation is in a unit assembly type, does not have a power device, is dragged by a vehicle, and is quickly assembled and put into production after moving among different regions; or,
the whole preparation workstation is a fixed object, is established between the initiation sites of different regions, and is used for producing and distributing various explosive semi-finished products and/or raw materials for the initiation sites.
Three alternatives, both for safety and regulatory considerations, are remote from the blast site. And carrying out unequal frequency movement according to assignment of production tasks.
The above-mentioned all schemes are used for making any one of nine products of heavy emulsion explosive, density-adjustable heavy emulsion explosive, low-density emulsion explosive, ultra-low density emulsion explosive, heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, density-adjustable heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, density-adjustable porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and pure emulsion explosive.
Fourteen examples, fig. 9, are a preparation station for the production of explosives, which, unlike all the previous solutions, is used only for the production of emulsion explosives. The scheme comprises a raw material storage and transportation unit 1, a water phase preparation unit 2, an oil phase preparation unit 3, a matrix preparation and conveying unit 4, a mixing and conveying unit and an additive unit;
a raw material I, such as a plurality of oxidants such as ammonium nitrate, is transported to a preparation workstation from the outside, wherein the oxidants such as ammonium nitrate are transported to a raw material I storage and transportation unit 1, then a water phase is generated by a water phase preparation unit 2, and then the water phase and the oil phase generated by an oil phase preparation unit 3 are transported to a matrix preparation and transportation unit 4 to generate a matrix, one part of the matrix is transported to an external matrix distribution station, and the other part of the matrix is transported to a mixing and transportation unit;
the mixing and conveying unit, such as a mixing truck, receives the substrate, then receives the additive, such as a sensitizing agent, from the additive unit, the substrate and the additive are separately stored, stored in a heat preservation way, sent to the outside of a preparation workstation, such as a blasting site, and then loaded into blast holes together to be mixed into the emulsion explosive.
Claims (15)
1. A preparatory workstation for producing an explosive, comprising:
the preparation workstation comprises a raw material I storage and transportation unit, a raw material II storage and transportation unit, a water phase preparation unit, an oil phase preparation unit, a substrate preparation and conveying unit, a mixed loading and conveying unit and an additive unit;
the raw material I and the raw material II are transported to the preparation workstation from the outside, wherein the raw material I is transported to the raw material I storage and transportation unit, then the water phase is generated by the water phase preparation unit, and then the raw material I and the oil phase generated by the oil phase preparation unit are transported to the matrix preparation and transportation unit together to generate a matrix, one part of the matrix is transported to an external matrix distribution station, and the other part of the matrix is transported to the mixed loading and transportation unit;
and after receiving the substrate, the mixing and conveying unit receives the raw material II from the raw material II storage and transportation unit and receives the additive from the additive unit, and the raw material II, the raw material II and the additive are separately stored and stored in a heat preservation way and are conveyed to the outside of the preparation workstation by the mixing and conveying unit.
2. The preparation workstation of claim 1, wherein:
the raw material I is at least liquid ammonium nitrate with the temperature of 100-130 ℃ and the concentration of 70-95%, or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, a flame inhibitor is added, and the raw materials are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof;
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle or a heat-preservation storage facility; or,
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle and a heat-preservation storage facility, and the raw material is sent to the heat-preservation storage facility through the heat-preservation transport vehicle and is prepared into a water phase for later use;
the heat-preservation transport vehicle or the heat-preservation storage facility for the raw material I is provided with a device for heating the raw material I and a steam cleaning device.
3. The preparation workstation of claim 1, wherein:
the raw material I is at least solid ammonium nitrate, or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, and a flame suppressor is added, and the raw materials are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof; the raw material I storage and transportation unit comprises a storage facility and a crushing facility, and the solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are crushed into particles and then prepared into a water phase for later use.
4. The preparation workstation of claim 1, wherein:
the raw material I is at least liquid ammonium nitrate with the temperature of 100-130 ℃ and the concentration of 70% -95%, or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, and the raw materials are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof;
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle or a heat-preservation storage facility; or,
the raw material first storage and transportation unit is a heat-preservation transport vehicle and a heat-preservation storage facility, and the raw material is sent to the heat-preservation storage facility through the heat-preservation transport vehicle and is prepared into a water phase for later use;
the heat-preservation transport vehicle or the heat-preservation storage facility for the raw material I is provided with a device for heating the raw material I and a steam cleaning device.
5. The preparation workstation of claim 1, wherein:
the raw material I is at least solid ammonium nitrate or at least one of oxidants such as sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and the like is added, and the raw material I are respectively input into the preparation workstation; the storage facilities of the first raw material are all set to be sun-proof and rain-proof; the raw material I storage and transportation unit comprises a storage facility and a crushing facility, and the solid ammonium nitrate and other oxidants are crushed into particles and then prepared into a water phase for later use.
6. Preparation station according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that: the aqueous phase preparation unit comprises the following steps:
a. after the ammonium nitrate or other oxidants are added, the ammonium nitrate or other oxidants are metered and controlled, added with water, heated to a preset temperature by hot water or steam, stirred, and subjected to concentration adjustment;
b. adjusting the pH value of the mixture to a preset value by an acidic regulator or an alkaline regulator;
c. filtering the generated oxidant salt water solution for many times until the turbidity reaches a preset value; washing, precipitating, filtering, recovering and circulating the residual liquid, and using the residual liquid for preparing a water phase again, wherein hot water or steam is used for supplementing heat to a preset temperature in the whole process;
d. the oxidant salt water solution is a water phase, hot water or steam is used for heat compensation and heat preservation, and the water phase is stored for standby use, and storage facilities of the water phase are set to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
7. The preparation workstation of claim 6, wherein:
the oil phase preparation unit comprises the following steps:
a. the oil material is controlled by metering to prepare an oil phase;
b. heating with hot water or steam to a preset value, and filtering;
c. the oil phase is sent into a storage, the temperature is kept within 55-90 ℃ by hot water or steam for standby, and storage facilities of the oil phase are set to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
8. The preparation workstation of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 7, wherein: the substrate preparation and conveying unit comprises a substrate preparation unit and a substrate conveying unit, and comprises the following steps:
a. emulsifying the oil phase and the water phase in the matrix preparation unit in an emulsifier at a set temperature and pressure through a heat insulation pipeline and a pump, metering control and preset component proportion to form an emulsion matrix;
b. the latex matrix is transported to one of:
entering a storage in the substrate preparation unit, preserving heat, waiting for inputting the substrate conveying unit with a heat preservation device, and then sending the substrate conveying unit to a substrate distribution station outside the preparation workstation; or, the latex matrix is directly input into the matrix conveying unit without passing through the storage device, and is sent to a matrix distribution station outside the preparation work station through the unit;
c. at the same time, the latex matrix must also be fed to two:
entering a storage in the substrate preparation unit, preserving heat, and waiting for inputting into the mixing and conveying unit; or, the latex matrix is directly input into the mixing and conveying unit without passing through the memory;
the substrate storage, the substrate conveying unit, the substrate preparation unit and the mixed loading and conveying unit are all arranged to keep out the sun and rain.
9. The preparation workstation of claim 8, wherein:
the additive received by the mixing, loading and conveying unit from the additive unit is diesel oil and a sensitizing agent which are stored separately from each other in a preset proportion, or the diesel oil, the sensitizing agent and a physical density adjusting agent which are stored separately from each other in a preset proportion; the containers for the additive are both arranged to be sun and rain sheltered.
10. The preparation workstation of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 9, wherein: the raw material II is porous granular ammonium nitrate; in the raw material II storage and transportation unit, the porous granular ammonium nitrate is input from the outside of the preparation workstation, stored and transported to the mixed loading and transportation unit; and the container and the conveying device of the second raw material are both set to be sun-sheltered and rain-sheltered.
11. The preparation workstation of claim 1, 2, 4, 7, or 9, wherein: the raw material storage and transportation unit, the water phase preparation unit, the oil phase preparation unit, the substrate preparation and transportation unit, the mixed loading and transportation unit and other parts used for containing liquid except diesel oil and sensitizing agents in all processes and equipment of the preparation workstation are subjected to heat preservation and heat supplement measures.
12. The preparation workstation of claim 11, wherein: the liquid ammonium nitrate input from the outside is 120 ℃ and the concentration is 88 to 94 percent.
13. The preparation station of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, or 12, wherein: the liquid materials of the liquid ammonium nitrate, the substrate, the diesel oil, the water phase, the oil phase and the sensitizing agent are transferred by pumping, wherein the substrate adopts a screw pump, a diaphragm pump or a plunger pump; the solid ammonium nitrate, the physical density modifier and the porous granular ammonium nitrate are transferred by a screw conveyor.
14. The preparation workstation of claim 13, wherein:
the whole preparation workstation is mobile and is provided with a power device so as to move among different regions and quickly enter a production working state; or,
the whole preparation workstation is in a unit assembly type, does not have a power device, is dragged by a vehicle, and is quickly assembled and put into production after moving among different regions; or,
the whole preparation workstation is a fixed object, is established among the detonation sites of different regions, and is used for producing and distributing various explosive semi-finished products and/or raw materials on the detonation sites.
15. A preparatory workstation for producing an explosive, comprising:
the preparation workstation comprises a raw material storage and transportation unit, a water phase preparation unit, an oil phase preparation unit, a substrate preparation and conveying unit, a mixed loading and conveying unit and an additive unit;
the raw material I is transported to the preparation workstation from the outside, wherein the raw material I is transported to the raw material I storage and transportation unit, then the water phase is generated by the water phase preparation unit, and then the raw material I and the oil phase generated by the oil phase preparation unit are transported to the matrix preparation and transportation unit together to generate a matrix, one part of the matrix is transported to an external matrix distribution station, and the other part of the matrix is transported to the mixed loading and transportation unit;
and the mixing and conveying unit receives the substrate and then receives the additive from the additive unit, and the mixing and conveying unit and the additive unit are separately stored and stored in a heat preservation way and are conveyed to the outside of the preparation workstation by the mixing and conveying unit.
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| PCT/CN2012/087543 WO2013127241A1 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2012-12-26 | Workflow for manufacturing explosives |
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| CN103130590A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-06-05 | 薛世忠 | Production method of explosive capable of discharging in a low-carbon mode |
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| CN103130590A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-06-05 | 薛世忠 | Production method of explosive capable of discharging in a low-carbon mode |
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