Cobalt-aluminum-doped nickel oxyhydroxide and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery material of an alkaline battery and a secondary battery, in particular to cobalt-aluminum-doped nickel oxyhydroxide and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rise of digital electronic products (such as MP3, digital camera and palm computer), people have made higher and higher demands on the performance of the existing battery, especially the discharge capability of heavy current and heavy load. Although the current general alkaline zinc-manganese battery has improved performance, the main discharge performance of the battery depends on the positive electrode manganese dioxide, so that the battery has the defects of low discharge voltage, poor charge and discharge performance and the like, and the battery can not meet the requirements of electronic products such as digital cameras, electric toys and the like, so people are forced to research a novel electrode material to improve the discharge performance of the positive electrode manganese dioxide.
At present, most of manufacturers produce nickel oxyhydroxide with low specific capacity, which can not meet the heavy-current load discharge and has limited use environment. A phenomenon that the product performance is reduced after long-term storage. Therefore, the nickel oxyhydroxide to be manufactured not only meets the requirement of heavy-current discharge under heavy load, but also improves the stability of the product in use or storage under different environments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the specific capacity, the specific surface area, the sphericity, the tap density, the self-discharge rate and the high-low temperature performance of the hydroxyl nickel oxide, the invention provides the hydroxyl nickel oxide doped with cobalt and aluminum and the preparation method thereof.
The cobalt-aluminum-doped nickel oxyhydroxide of the invention has the molecular formula as follows:
Ni 1-a-b-c X a Co b Al c OOH
a. the mole numbers of b and c are both more than 3 percent but less than 10 percent, wherein a is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.10, b is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.10, c is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.10
The invention relates to a preparation method of cobalt-aluminum-doped hydroxyl nickel oxide, which comprises the following specific processes:
1) Preparing multi-element spherical nickel hydroxide powder: according to the mole ratio of nickel, cobalt and aluminum: 97-90% of nickel, 3-10% of cobalt and aluminum are uniformly mixed to prepare 0.5-2 mol/L of nickel-cobalt-aluminum salt solution, an alkali solution with the alkali concentration of 1-12 mol/L and a complexing agent of ammonia water with the ammonia concentration of 10-20%, the solution and the complexing agent are simultaneously injected into a reaction kettle with stirring and dispersing functions according to a certain flow rate to carry out chemical precipitation, the conditions of the chemical reaction are controlled that the pH is within the range of 10-14 and the temperature is within the range of 30-80 ℃, spherical nickel-cobalt-aluminum hydroxide can be obtained, the content of cobalt and aluminum accounts for the mol ratio range of the nickel content, the range of tap density is 1.3g/cm 3-2.6 g/cm3, and the average particle size is 3-20 micrometers;
2) Preparing 0.2-1 mol/l rare earth salt solution, preparing 1-12 mol/l alkali solution and complexing agent of ammonia water with ammonia concentration of 10-20%, adding nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide powder and pure water into a reaction kettle with a stirring device according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, adding nickel cobalt aluminum salt solution, rare earth salt solution, alkali solution and ammonia water solution into the reaction kettle according to the flow of 1-10 ml/min, controlling the pH value to be 8-14, controlling the stirring speed to be 200-1000r/min, completely reacting, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the rare earth element coated nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide powder;
3) Preparing 0.5-2 mol/l cobalt salt solution, preparing 1-12 mol/l alkali solution and complexing agent of ammonia water with ammonia concentration of 10-20%, adding nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide powder and pure water into a reaction kettle with a stirring device according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, injecting the cobalt salt solution, alkali solution and ammonia water solution into the reaction kettle at the flow rate of 1-10 ml/min, controlling the reaction temperature at 40-80 ℃, the pH value at 8-14, the rotating speed of the reaction kettle at 200-1000r/min, reacting for 1-12 hours, filtering the precipitate, washing with deionized water, drying at 80-120 ℃ to obtain spherical cobalt-coated nickel hydroxide
4) Dispersing the cobalt-coated nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide spherical powder in an alkaline solution with the concentration of 1-12 mol/l, mixing an oxidant with the concentration of 0.5-3 mol/l, and oxidizing at the temperature of 30-90 ℃ to obtain the spherical cobalt-coated nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide.
The salt solution of nickel, cobalt and aluminum can be any one of sulfate, chloride and nitrate.
The rare earth elements comprise one or more of Y, yb, er, la and Ce, and the rare earth salt solution is any one of chloride, nitrate and acetate.
The oxidant is one or a mixture of several of sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide and ammonium persulfate in any proportion.
The alkaline solution is one or a mixture of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and barium hydroxide.
According to the preparation method of the cobalt-aluminum-doped nickel oxyhydroxide, the nickel oxyhydroxide invented by a secondary coating chemical precipitation method has larger lattice defects, adopts the position of cobalt-aluminum-doped substituted nickel, has the capacity of over 240mAh/g, has better discharge stability under heavy load as an additive component of a positive electrode of a dry battery, and can keep better discharge characteristics under the temperature of-20-80 ℃; the nickel oxyhydroxide prepared by the method has high specific capacity, large specific surface area, good sphericity, high tap density, low self-discharge rate and stable high-low temperature performance.
Detailed Description
The cobalt aluminum-doped nickel oxyhydroxide and the preparation method thereof will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1, 1.5 mol/l of nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and aluminum sulfate are prepared to prepare a mixed solution according to a molar ratio of 100: 3, the flow rate is 3ml/min, 4 mol/l of sodium hydroxide solution is prepared, the flow rate is 6ml/min, 15% ammonia water solution is prepared to be used as a complexing agent, the mixed solution is added into a reaction kettle at 3.5ml/min, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 50-55 ℃, the pH value is controlled to be 10-10.5, the rotating speed is 500r/min, and the reaction time is 2 hours. Precipitating, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nickel-cobalt-aluminum hydroxide.
Preparing 0.5 mol/L yttrium nitrate, preparing 4 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, preparing 15% ammonia water solution as complexing agent, adding nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide powder and pure water into a reaction kettle with a stirring device according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, uniformly dispersing, adding yttrium nitrate into the reaction kettle at the flow rate of 3ml/min, sodium hydroxide at the flow rate of 2ml/min and ammonia water at the flow rate of 2ml/min, controlling the pH value to be 9.0-9.5, controlling the stirring speed to be 400r/min, reacting for 2h, and filtering to obtain yttrium-coated nickel hydroxide. And then adding 3 mol/L cobalt sulfate solution at the rate of 2ml/min, adding 2ml/min sodium hydroxide and 3ml/min ammonia water into the reaction kettle, controlling the pH value to be 9.0-9.5, controlling the stirring speed to be 600r/min, reacting for 4h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the yttrium cobalt coated nickel hydroxide. And (2) dispersing 1000g of the powder by using pure water according to the proportion of 1: 5, preparing 2 mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, preparing 4 mol/L sodium persulfate aqueous solution, respectively adding the solution into a reaction kettle according to the flow rates of 2ml/min and 3ml/min, controlling the temperature at 40-46 ℃, controlling the stirring speed at 300r/min, reacting for 1h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the doped and coated nickel oxyhydroxide powder.
Example 2, 1000g of cobalt-aluminum-doped nickel hydroxide obtained by the reaction in example 1 is taken, 0.5 mol/l of cerium nitrate is prepared, 4 mol/l of sodium hydroxide solution is prepared, 15% ammonia water solution is prepared as a complexing agent, nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide powder and pure water are added into a reaction kettle with a stirring device according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 and are uniformly dispersed, the cerium nitrate is added into the reaction kettle at the flow rate of 3ml/min, 2ml/min of sodium hydroxide and 2ml/min of ammonia water, the pH value is 9.0-9.5, the stirring speed is controlled at 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2h, and the cerium-coated nickel hydroxide is obtained by filtering. And then adding 3 mol/L cobalt sulfate solution at the rate of 2ml/min, adding 2ml/min sodium hydroxide, adding 3ml/min ammonia water into the reaction kettle at the flow rate of 9.0-9.5, controlling the stirring speed at 600r/min, reacting for 4h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the nickel hydroxide coated with cerium and cobalt. Dispersing 1000g of the powder with pure water according to the proportion of 1: 5, preparing 2 mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, preparing 4 mol/L sodium persulfate aqueous solution, adding the aqueous solution into a reaction kettle according to the flow rates of 2ml/min and 3ml/min respectively, controlling the temperature to be 40-46 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 300r/min and the reaction time to be 1h, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain the doped and coated nickel oxyhydroxide powder.
Example 3, 1000g of cobalt-aluminum-doped nickel hydroxide obtained by the reaction in example 1 is taken, 0.4 mol/l of cerium nitrate and yttrium nitrate are prepared, 4 mol/l of sodium hydroxide solution is prepared, 15% ammonia water solution is prepared as a complexing agent, nickel cobalt aluminum hydroxide powder and pure water are added into a reaction kettle with a stirring device according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 and are uniformly dispersed, yttrium sulfate and cerium sulfate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1 and are added into the reaction kettle at the flow rate of 3ml/min, 2ml/min of sodium hydroxide and 2ml/min of ammonia water, the pH value is 9.0-9.5, the stirring speed is controlled at 400r/min, the reaction is carried out for 2h, and yttrium-cerium-coated nickel hydroxide is obtained by filtering. And then adding 3 mol/L cobalt sulfate solution at the rate of 2ml/min, adding 2ml/min sodium hydroxide, adding 3ml/min ammonia water into the reaction kettle at the flow rate of 9.0-9.5, controlling the stirring speed at 600r/min, reacting for 4h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the yttrium cerium cobalt coated nickel hydroxide. And (2) dispersing 1000g of the powder by using pure water according to the proportion of 1: 5, preparing 2 mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, preparing 1 mol/L sodium persulfate aqueous solution, respectively adding the aqueous solution into a reaction kettle according to the flow rates of 2ml/min and 3ml/min, controlling the temperature at 40-46 ℃, controlling the stirring speed at 300r/min, reacting for 1h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the doped and coated nickel oxyhydroxide powder.
Comparative example 1, taking 1000g of cobalt aluminum doped nickel hydroxide obtained by the reaction in example 1, dispersing with pure water according to the ratio of 1: 5, preparing 2 mol/l potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, preparing 1 mol/l sodium persulfate aqueous solution, adding into a reaction kettle according to the flow rates of 2ml/min and 3ml/min respectively, controlling the temperature at 40-46 ℃, controlling the stirring speed at 300r/min, controlling the reaction time at 2h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain cobalt aluminum doped nickel oxyhydroxide powder.
The examples and comparative products were separately prepared for cell testing: the nickel oxyhydroxide produced by the embodiment has high specific capacity, large specific surface area, good sphericity, high tap density, low self-discharge rate and stable high-low temperature performance; has a capacity of 240mAh/g or more, has excellent discharge stability under a heavy load as a positive electrode additive component for a dry battery, and can maintain good discharge characteristics at-20 to 80 ℃.