CN102565700A - Device and method for wear monitoring of a brush of a commuter system in an electric machine - Google Patents
Device and method for wear monitoring of a brush of a commuter system in an electric machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102565700A CN102565700A CN2011103190964A CN201110319096A CN102565700A CN 102565700 A CN102565700 A CN 102565700A CN 2011103190964 A CN2011103190964 A CN 2011103190964A CN 201110319096 A CN201110319096 A CN 201110319096A CN 102565700 A CN102565700 A CN 102565700A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- brush
- wearing
- tearing
- stroke
- motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/38—Brush holders
- H01R39/40—Brush holders enabling brush movement within holder during current collection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/58—Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear
Landscapes
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for wear monitoring of a brush of a commuter system in an electric machine. A rotating brush is adjustably received in a brush holder by the force of a spring (7) in the direction of a collector (5), such that the contact surface between the brush and collector is changed. Two brushes have different maximum wear path. The measured electrical characteristics of the electric machine (2) are varied. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) method for operation of device for monitoring wear state of brush of commutator system; and (2) regulation or control device for monitoring wear state of brush.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for monitor the equipment and the method for the brush wear of motor commutator system.
Background technology
Known by DE 10 2,004 035 318 A1, confirm the wearing and tearing of motor carbon according to the revolution of motor.In this case, the rotor revolution number to the motor run duration adds up to perhaps by detected magnitude of voltage derivation.If revolution surpasses certain critical value, then export caution signal.
Known by DE 10 2,005 061 412 A1, the brush of commutator is designed to have the bi-component parts of a plurality of electric conductivity different pieces.Through the difference of impedance transducer record measuring-signal middle impedance during brush constantly weares and teares, it can show.But prerequisite is to have the brush structure of two electric conductivity different pieces.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, can detect the brush wear in the engine commutator reliably with simple measure.
Characteristic through each independent claims realizes said purpose according to the present invention.Dependent claims has provided favourable improvement project.
Be used to monitor the for example wearing and tearing of motor or generator center brush of motor according to equipment of the present invention or method.Stipulate that in a kind of favourable application the equipment that is used for monitoring wearing and tearing is used in the starting motor of internal combustion engine.
Commutator system comprises that a plurality of brushes are used for transmission current, and wherein at least one brush is contained in the brush carrier by adjustable ground, and is applied power by spring element towards the direction of current-collector.Through known embodiment itself, under the situation of brush wear with the direction calibration of brush towards current-collector, thereby guarantee reliable current delivery between the current-collector of brush and rotation in during long working time.
According in the equipment of the present invention, see in the adjusting direction of brush, at least one brush have qualification, greatest wear stroke preferably, wherein along with the wearing and tearing stroke that reaches this qualification, the contact area between brush and the current-collector changes.Detect the wearing and tearing stroke that reaches qualification through measured value.
This embodiment makes it possible to use the brush of being processed by unique a kind of brush material, because have nothing to do with materials variances in order to the measured value of the wearing and tearing stroke that detects regulation, and the amount of feeding of only passing by with brush is relevant.This amount of feeding or can pass through the mechanical mode perception; For example through arriving backstop and triggering contact; Can be according to the electrical characteristic values perception of preferred embodiment passing through to detect motor with the mode of electricity, this electrical characteristic values changes owing to contact area is different.
According to preferred embodiment a kind of, contact area reduces along with the wearing and tearing stroke that reaches regulation, belongs to the interrupted situation of contact between brush and the current-collector outer peripheral face that also has of this type of situation here.Reduce or contact to be interrupted through contact area, at least one electrical characteristic values changes, and this can confirm through corresponding measurement mechanism or electronic equipment.The reducing of contact area causes resistance to raise, thereby causes that voltage drop reduces in the car load circuit, and this voltage drop can be confirmed, then for example shows a signal, and promptly the wearing and tearing stroke of this brush is used up, and waits the displacement brush.
According to preferred embodiment a kind of, at least two brushes of motor have the wearing and tearing stroke of different qualifications, and therefore under the approximately uniform prerequisite of wearing and tearing, these wearing and tearing strokes reach at the different time point.Use the degree that the contact area between this brush and the current-collector changes in case have the brush of the wearing and tearing stroke of the qualification that reduces, then show corresponding signal, the brush that has the long wearing and tearing stroke that limits simultaneously still contacts with current-collector and transmission current always.Therefore basically also can the holding current transmission under the situation that continues wearing and tearing and show current state of wear to the user.Although at least one brush wear, motor still can fully or with the degree that at least only reduces slightly continue operation.
According to a kind of favourable embodiment, the amount of feeding of at least one brush is being limited to the maximum wearing and tearing stroke that allows on the direction of current-collector, and especially, this realizes by means of backstop.This backstop is positioned on the brush carrier in an advantageous manner, perhaps alternatively is positioned at other on the parts of case side.In order to limit the amount of feeding, or the adjustment movement of restraining spring element, make that along with arriving backstop no longer the power through spring element continues brush is applied power towards the direction of current-collector.According to another kind of embodiment; Adjustment movement through backstop restriction brush; Make to be reached the maximum wearing and tearing stroke that allows along with arriving backstop towards the brush that the direction of current-collector applies power that the contact area between brush and the current-collector also or reduce or this contact is interrupted fully here by spring element.Backstop for example is built on the brush carrier with the form of inwardly flange, and its mode with hope limits the amount of feeding.
According to the optional essential embodiment of another kind backstop favourable, that be used to limit feed motion, the brush body comprises wearing and tearing section with constant cross-sectional area and compares the base segment with a plurality of cross-sectional areas inequality with the wearing and tearing section.Wearing and tearing sections suffers the wearing and tearing that allowed, and wherein, along with using up the wearing and tearing section, base segment begins contact with current-collector, and owing to base segment has a plurality of cross-sectional areas inequality, the voltage in the electrical characteristic values, particularly motor changes, and can carry out record to it.Especially, the cross-sectional area specific wear section of base segment little can consider also in principle that wherein root segment has bigger cross-sectional area.
It is right that the embodiment favourable according to another kind, motor have a plurality of brushes that respectively have two brushes, however right at least one brush of its center brush advantageously right two brushes of this brush on the wearing and tearing stroke that maximum allows with other brush to different.This brush or two brushes that this brush is right have the greatest wear stroke of shortening especially, so that can point out wearing and tearing early, and can not make the operational excellence property inefficacy of motor.For example in 6-pole motor, use the brush-system that has six carbon brush; Two right carbon brush of one of them brush have the wearing and tearing stroke that reduces; Make that this can detect according to the all-in resistance that raises along with reaching the right greatest wear stroke of this brush only also through four carbon brush transmission currents.
Electrical characteristic values (can confirm wear and tear according to this electrical characteristic values key zone) is the voltage disturbance when connecting motor on the one hand, is to cut off the inertial rundown time that the power supply rear motor prolongs on the other hand.
After at least one but advantageously thereby two carbon brush with the wearing and tearing stroke that reduces no longer abut in and no longer continue wearing and tearing on the outer peripheral face of current-collector; Though a little increase of the wearing and tearing of all the other carbon brush, this still allows time enough and carries out maintenance work and change brush.
Advantageously, be that positive brush or negative brush all have the wearing and tearing stroke that reduces brush centering, to avoid causing the polarity overload and then to cause promptly wearing and tearing.Preferably, at the brush stroke equal and opposite in direction that internally weares and teares, wherein, the wearing and tearing stroke of also considering in principle to have nothing in common with each other, reduced with respect to other brush respectively is so that the internal different abrasional behavior of compensating brush on purpose for example.
As long as in motor, provide at least two brushes right, then advantageously only two right brushes of unique brush have the wearing and tearing stroke that reduces.But also consider a plurality of brushes to rather than all brush is to having the wear extent that reduces, wherein, the wearing and tearing stroke of shortening both can equal and opposite in direction, also can differ in size so that for example in the method for classification indication brush failure degree cumulative.
Description of drawings
Can know other advantage and favourable embodiment by other claim, description of drawings and accompanying drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the cut-open view of the exchange system in the motor, and this exchange system has carbon brush, and this carbon brush is contained in the brush carrier by adjustable ground, and is applied in power through spring element towards the outer peripheral face direction of current-collector,
Fig. 2 shows a kind of exchange system, and in this exchange system, the wearing and tearing stroke of carbon brush limits through the backstop on the brush carrier,
Fig. 3 shows another kind of exchange system, and in this exchange system, spring moves through the backstop restriction,
Fig. 4 shows another kind of embodiment, in this embodiment, is limited with the wearing and tearing stroke of the same carbon brush among Fig. 2, and its stopper is positioned on the tangential sidewall of brush carrier,
Fig. 5 shows another kind of exchange system, and in this exchange system, brush has the section that cross-sectional area reduces.
Identical in the drawings parts have identical Reference numeral.
Embodiment
The carbon brush 3 that adjustable ground is contained in the brush carrier 4 applies power by the power of spring element 7 towards the direction of current-collector outer peripheral face.Spring element 7 is contained in the brush carrier 4 equally.The action direction of the adjustment movement of carbon brush 3 and spring element 7 is radially with respect to rotor longitudinal axis 6.Supply power to brush 3 through twisted wire 8.
Since applying of the power of radiai adjustment property and the spring element 7 of carbon brush 3 brush carrier 4 in, carbon brush 3 when wearing and tearing automatically radially towards the direction calibration of current-collector 5.
A kind of exchange system 1 has been shown in Fig. 2, and this exchange system is to a great extent corresponding to the exchange system according to Fig. 1, but is additionally provided with an amount of feeding limited part, in order to the greatest wear stroke of the qualification that realizes carbon brush 3.This backstop constitutes through the stop element 10 of stop element 9 on the brush carrier 4 and brush side.According to the view of exchange system among Fig. 2 in tangential direction, the stop element 9 and 10 on brush carrier 4 or the carbon brush 3 extends on axis direction.In brush carrier 4 sides; Stop element 9 be formed on the lower surface of brush carrier 4 towards interior flange; This flange is corresponding with the stop element 10 on the carbon brush 3; Wherein stop element 10 is outstanding vertically with respect to the brush matrix, and radially be positioned at brush away from a side of the surface of contact of current-collector.Calibrate each other stop element 9 and 10 position, makes to compare with the exchange system according to Fig. 1, radially regulates direction and see, has less greatest wear stroke according to the carbon brush in the exchange system 1 of Fig. 2.In case the stop element 10 on the carbon brush 3 contacts with stop element 9 on the brush carrier 4, just interrupt further radial feed towards current-collector 5 directions.Sliding contact between the outer peripheral face of the end face of carbon brush 3 and current-collector 5 is interrupted thus, makes and can not continue transmission current again through this carbon brush.As long as through having other carbon brush than galling length, for example through being the motor power supply according to the carbon brush in the exchange system scope of Fig. 1, the power supply that then continues is only undertaken by the carbon brush that these have than galling length.Can confirm owing to have the variation in carbon brush of the wearing and tearing stroke that reduces or the power supply that the right inefficacy of carbon brush causes according to electrical characteristic values.
In embodiment according to Fig. 3, reduce not to be to reduce the adjustment stroke of carbon brush 3 through stop element 9, but the adjustment stroke of spring element 7.Therefore, in case the corresponding wearing and tearing of carbon brush 3 processes stroke, the power of spring element 7 just is supported on the stop element 9 that is positioned at the sensing on the brush carrier 4.Through being supported on the stop element 9, spring element 7 loses its effect to carbon brush 3, thereby no longer radially towards the outer peripheral face direction of current-collector 5 this carbon brush is applied power, and this carbon brush rests on the position that its arrives.Also limited the wearing and tearing stroke of carbon brush 3 in this way.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 likewise show the view of commutator system 1 vertically.Current-collector 5 rotatablely move and correspondingly rotatablely moving of rotor represent with arrow 11.The free end face of inboard and brush carrier that stop element 9 is positioned at brush carrier 4 is adjacent, promptly is positioned on the circumferential side wall.
Be similar to Fig. 2, in the embodiment according to Fig. 4, the feed distance of carbon brush 3 is restricted.For this reason, the stop element 9 on brush carrier 4 or carbon brush 3 and 10 interacts.But different with Fig. 2 is, stop element 9,10 is not on the axial end of brush carrier or carbon brush, and on periphery, carbon brush and brush carrier in the axial direction can must be shorter by relative configurations thus.
In embodiment, through the wearing and tearing stroke that recess 14 limits carbon brush 3 is set in carbon brush in carbon brush body inside according to Fig. 5.The carbon brush body extends between the surface of contact of the Duan Zaiyu current-collector that wherein weares and teares and the base segment 12 radially being divided into away from the base segment 12 of current-collector 5 with towards the wearing and tearing section 13 of current-collector 5.Base segment 12 has the little cross-sectional area of specific wear section 13 in the zone of recess 14, these wearing and tearing Duan Zaiqi radially has constant cross-sectional area in the development length.In case the wearing and tearing section is through the quilt etching off fully that weares and teares, base segment 12 just contacts at the outer peripheral face of the notched region with the cross-sectional area that reduces with current-collector 5.Electrical characteristic values in the motor is owing to the cross-sectional area that reduces changes, and this can be revealed to confirm the wearing and tearing through one period.The cross-sectional area that reduces of carbon brush 3 causes that resistance raises and voltage disturbance, and this can measure.
Claims (13)
1. the equipment of the wearing and tearing of a brush (3) that is used for monitoring motor (2) commutator system (1); Wherein said brush (3) is by being contained in the brush carrier (4) with regulating, and applied power by spring element (7) towards the direction of current-collector (5), it is characterized in that; Adjusting side at said brush (3) looks up; Along with the wearing and tearing stroke that reaches qualification, the contact area between said brush (3) and the said current-collector (5) changes, and wherein can detect the wearing and tearing stroke that reaches qualification through measured value.
2. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, at least two brushes (3) have different greatest wear strokes.
3. equipment according to claim 2 is characterized in that, right brush (3) brush (3) right with respect to other brushes of brush has the wearing and tearing stroke that reduces.
4. according to any described equipment in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, on said brush carrier (4), be provided for the amount of feeding of said brush (3) is restricted to the stop device of the size that can set, wherein can measure and reached the maximum amount of feeding.
5. according to any described equipment in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that said measured value is the electrical characteristic values of said motor (2).
6. according to any described equipment in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that the adjustment movement of said spring element (7) is restricted.
7. according to any described equipment in the claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that the adjustment movement of said brush (3) is restricted.
8. according to any described equipment in the claim 1 to 7; It is characterized in that; Said brush (3) has the constant wearing and tearing section (13) of cross-sectional area, and what be right after said wearing and tearing section is base segment (12), and said base segment (12) has and said wearing and tearing section (13) different cross-sectional areas area.
9. equipment according to claim 8 is characterized in that, said base segment (12) has than said wearing and tearing section (13) littler cross-sectional area.
10. motor, the starting motor especially for internal combustion engine is characterized in that, said motor has according to any described equipment in the claim 1 to 9.
11. one kind is used for operating the method according to any described equipment of claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that, detects the wearing and tearing stroke that reaches qualification through measured value, and shows a signal.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, at least one electrical characteristic values of monitoring motor (2), and infer from the variation of this eigenwert and to reach the greatest wear stroke.
13. regulate or opertaing device for one kind, be used for carrying out according to claim 11 or 12 described methods.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010040525A DE102010040525A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2010-09-09 | Device and method for monitoring the wear of a brush of a commutator system in an electrical machine |
| DE102010040525.6 | 2010-09-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102565700A true CN102565700A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
| CN102565700B CN102565700B (en) | 2016-11-16 |
Family
ID=44675476
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110319096.4A Expired - Fee Related CN102565700B (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2011-09-07 | For monitoring equipment and the method for the brush wear of commutator system in motor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2429045A3 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102565700B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102010040525A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104007386A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-27 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Comprehensive offline test platform of generator rotor insulation measurement device |
| CN108027404A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2018-05-11 | 雷诺股份公司 | Method for restrictions motor brush wear |
| CN109983635A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2019-07-05 | 宝马股份公司 | Carbon brush abrasion measuring device |
| CN114008869A (en) * | 2019-05-02 | 2022-02-01 | 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 | Brush wear monitoring arrangement and method |
| US11566675B2 (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2023-01-31 | Ab Dynamoborstfabriken | Intelligent graphite device |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014226322A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Brush wear in the DC motor |
| CN106972338B (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2019-01-29 | 南京高传机电自动控制设备有限公司 | Grounding carbon brush and half-direct-drive wind driven generator |
| CN109149308B (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-05-05 | 博深股份有限公司 | Carbon brush with indication replacing device for motor |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB256978A (en) * | 1925-08-13 | 1927-04-28 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh | Means for preventing the burning of commutators and slip rings of dynamo-electric machines due to excessive wear on the brushes |
| GB301084A (en) * | 1927-11-25 | 1928-12-20 | Siemens - Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft | |
| CN1056606A (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1991-11-27 | 德昌电机股份有限公司 | Brush protection in the motor |
| CN1518174A (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-08-04 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Carbon brush wear sensor device of motor |
| CN1677802A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Device for judging brush state of motor |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8226352U1 (en) * | 1982-09-18 | 1983-01-13 | Ringsdorff-Werke GmbH, 5300 Bonn | Device for monitoring the wear and tear of a brush for electrical machines |
| DD230966A1 (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1985-12-11 | Norbert Hauschildt | SELF-SHUTTERING EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS AND THEIR FURNITURE ARRANGEMENT |
| JPH09182384A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 1997-07-11 | Makita Corp | Motor brush abrasion informing device |
| GB0211604D0 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2002-06-26 | Johnson Electric Sa | Double brush assembly |
| DE102004035318A1 (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2006-02-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Recording the wear of a motor control |
| DE102005060324B4 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2021-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Detection of the wear of a motor control |
| DE102005061412A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus and method for monitoring the wear of a brush |
| DE102008054730A1 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electric motor has anchor, commutator connected with anchor and two brushes, where commutator has two contacts for electrical contacting of brushes |
-
2010
- 2010-09-09 DE DE102010040525A patent/DE102010040525A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-08-18 EP EP11177892.4A patent/EP2429045A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-07 CN CN201110319096.4A patent/CN102565700B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB256978A (en) * | 1925-08-13 | 1927-04-28 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh | Means for preventing the burning of commutators and slip rings of dynamo-electric machines due to excessive wear on the brushes |
| GB301084A (en) * | 1927-11-25 | 1928-12-20 | Siemens - Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft | |
| CN1056606A (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1991-11-27 | 德昌电机股份有限公司 | Brush protection in the motor |
| CN1518174A (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-08-04 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Carbon brush wear sensor device of motor |
| CN1677802A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Device for judging brush state of motor |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104007386A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-27 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Comprehensive offline test platform of generator rotor insulation measurement device |
| CN104007386B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-08-31 | 中广核核电运营有限公司 | Generator rotor insulation measurement apparatus comprehensive off-line testing platform |
| CN108027404A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2018-05-11 | 雷诺股份公司 | Method for restrictions motor brush wear |
| CN109983635A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2019-07-05 | 宝马股份公司 | Carbon brush abrasion measuring device |
| US11566675B2 (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2023-01-31 | Ab Dynamoborstfabriken | Intelligent graphite device |
| CN114008869A (en) * | 2019-05-02 | 2022-02-01 | 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 | Brush wear monitoring arrangement and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102565700B (en) | 2016-11-16 |
| DE102010040525A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| EP2429045A3 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
| EP2429045A2 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
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