CN102562145A - Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit - Google Patents
Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102562145A CN102562145A CN2011104173612A CN201110417361A CN102562145A CN 102562145 A CN102562145 A CN 102562145A CN 2011104173612 A CN2011104173612 A CN 2011104173612A CN 201110417361 A CN201110417361 A CN 201110417361A CN 102562145 A CN102562145 A CN 102562145A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dry-type cement filling method realized by the aid of extracted tail salt of a salt deposit. The dry-type cement filling method is characterized in that a filling material in the method is tail salt remained after beneficiation processing of sylvine or carnallite ores; the main ingredients of the tail salt are NaCl or NaCl and MgCl2; the filling material is solid, and is conveyed in a well by modes of drop shaft sliding, underground automobile conveying, belt conveying and the like; the filling method is used for cement filling; and when the main ingredients of the tail salt are NaCl and MgCl2, cementing agent is added in the filling material, and is clay or saturated NaCl brine. By the aid of tail salt dry-type cement filling, a filling body with the certain strength can be formed in a hollow area, damage of ore pillars and surrounding rocks can be prevented effectively, surface collapse and subsidence are prevented, and recovery safety is maintained. A large quantity of tail salt is utilized, occupied area of stacked tail salt is greatly reduced, and the ground surface of a mining area and surrounding ecological environments are protected effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the placement method in goaf, a kind of mineral deposit, particularly a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, it is applicable to that the goaf of adopting the underground mining mode to form to sylvite or carnallite deposit carries out filling.
Background technology
Mainly contain two types of filling methods in the prior art, the goaf that the salt deposit exploitation forms utilizes liquid to carry out filling, and its material is mainly saturated bittern; The metal and nonmetal mineral deposit adopts the underground mining mode goaf that forms of digging up mine generally all to adopt tailing cemented filling.
Utilize the mode of saturated bittern bashing generally only to be applicable to the salt deposit of solution mining.When salt deposit adopts solution mining, charge into saturated bittern in the solution cavity after exploitation top board is played a supporting role, the protection face of land prevents surface collapse.But the down-hole has a large amount of personnel, equipment to charge into the down-hole to a large amount of bittern again mining operations is formed potential safety hazard when salt deposit adopts the underground mining form.Bittern can reduce pillar strength with the ore pillar softening ore pillar of having an effect in the dead zone in addition, is unfavorable for the stability of dead zone, down-hole.Therefore it is little that this placement method is used in the goaf feasibility in sylvite class mineral deposit of underground mining.
Underground mining adopts the tailing cemented filling of high concentration mostly in the metal and nonmetal mine, the tailings of higher concentration be sent by pumping to the goaf after cement or other cementitious materialss mix and carry out filling, tailings and cementitious materials solidify the back and form stable obturation.In the exploitation of salt deposit, be mainly NaCl and MgCl owing to mine tailing
2, and these properties of materials determined its can not with the general glued firm obturation that forms such as cement.Though as adopt material cementing fills such as sand, stone can form firm obturation to reach and satisfy the filling requirement, a large amount of tail salt that the salt ore processes can only be stored up on ground, not only take a large amount of soils and can cause adverse effect to environment.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency to prior art; Invent a kind of novel tail salt dry type consolidated fill method; This placement method has promptly been avoided the adverse effect of a large amount of saturated bitterns to the exploitation safety; Protect ground to prevent to subside and sink again, fully utilized the tail waste salt simultaneously, protected environment.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to realize through following technical scheme.The present invention is a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, is characterized in:
The filler of this method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl, perhaps is NaCl and MgCl
2, and NaCl and MgCl
2Mol ratio be not less than 1;
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is a solid state, and the combined transportation form that adopts one of drop shaft slide certainly, down-hole automobile, belt means of transportation or aforementioned several kinds of modes to combine is transported to the down-hole with filler;
Described placement method is a consolidated fill; When the Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl and MgCl
2The time, in filler, adding adhesive material, described adhesive material is clay or saturated NaCl bittern.Technical problem to be solved by this invention can also further realize through following technical scheme.Above-described placement method is characterized in: during filling, filler fully mixes; Slicing and filling, primary filling thickness are 300 ~ 500mm, according to first throwing filler; Spray saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay then on demand, the process cycles that rolls is at last carried out filling.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention can also further realize through following technical scheme.Above-described placement method is characterized in: in the filler, the water content of tail salt NaCl is not higher than 10%; Tail salt MgCl
2Be will be with MgCl
26H
2The tail salt that the O form exists obtains containing the magnesium sheet of 2 ~ 4 crystallizations water through the strong evaporation of high temperature.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention can also further realize through following technical scheme.Above-described placement method is characterized in: in the panel, divide mineral building mining, packing job and mining hocket in the same mineral building; When orebody thickness is pressed one deck back production during less than 5m,, orebody thickness adopts stoping-and-filling to branch when adopting to go up during greater than 5m; About every layer of stoping width 4m, back production one deck filling one deck continues one deck above the back production then on obturation; Begin to carry out packing job behind the intact one deck ore deposit of mineral building back production.
Be described further in the face of the inventive method down.
One, selects suitable filler for use
Placement method of the present invention is a tail salt dry type cemented-method, and its main filler is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing, and main component is NaCl or NaCl and MgCl
2Just through the concentrator dehydration, its water content generally reaches more than 20% the tail salt that general processing factory comes out, and therefore can not satisfy the requirement of dry stowing.Tail salt NaCl can pass through centrifuge dewatering makes its water content drop to minimum being generally in 10%.And MgCl
2Generally be with MgCl
26H
2O is similar to existence, therefore preferably obtains containing the magnesium sheet of 2 ~ 4 crystallizations water through the strong evaporation of high temperature.Tail salt is stored up and in the tail salt pond, is supplied filling to use, and need in the tail salt pond, store up the long period like filling in time, in order to delay MgCl
2Deliquescence must be stored up the tail salt pond with two kinds of tail salt pack sealings respectively again.
Two, select effective cementitious materials for use
The present invention is for can be better fixed after making two kinds of main fillers and being filled to the goaf, and the strength of filling mass of formation is higher, must select suitable adhesive material for use.Principle according to salting liquid supersaturation crystallization and freezing is passed through experimental study, and the inventor finds: saturated bittern or loose clay can be used as the cementitious materials of tail salt.Loose clay is meant the unselected clay of being made up of multiple hydrosilicate and a certain amount of alumina, alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth oxide.The particle of clay mineral is tiny, in the colloidal-sized scope, is crystal or noncrystal, is sheet, tubulose or bar-shaped.Saturated bittern refers to the NaCl saturated solution.And these two kinds of cementitious materialss have distribution extensively, gather easily, with low cost, the advantage of filling convenient transportation.
Filler of the present invention through with adhesive material (saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay) in the moisture content effect form NaCl and bischofite (MgCl
26H
2O) crystalline solid has certain intensity.The consumption of cementitious materials is mainly according to NaCl and MgCl
2Ratio confirm, as filler NaCl and MgCl
2In contained moisture content, add cementitious materials and must deduct the water content in the filler.Its maximum can be calculated based on formula:
M＜
M---add the mass ratio of cementitious materials and filler;
N---NaCl and MgCl in the filler
2Ratio, NaCl:MgCl
2=n:1;
Q---the moisture content of NaCl casting resin;
M---wait until that magnesium sheet is moisture, MgCl after the strong evaporation
2MH
2O;
K---moisture content in the cementitious materials.
The control of three strength of filling mass
According to NaCl and MgCl
2Different its intensity of mixed proportion different.Through the resistance to compression monitoring of laboratory to salt block, filler all is that its resistance to compression of NaCl solid can reach 10MPa, all is bischofite (MgCl
26H
2O) its compressive strength is 3.1MPa during crystalline solid.When filler during for both mixtures its compressive strength between 3.1 ~ 10 MPa.
According to the code requirement of the underground mining method of mining by the way of filling and the filling experience in other mines, strength of filling mass reaches 3MPa can satisfy the requirement in afterwards filling goaf when above; Can and go up obturation as sublevel fill stoping method, stratified filling method when strength of filling mass reaches more than the 4MPa, satisfy the normal operation of personnel, equipment to mining methods such as admission passage filling methods.
Four filling process
At first, build a filling agitator on ground with filler NaCl, MgCl
2Be transported to the down-hole through the filling well then.Transportation dry stowing material can adopt drop shaft from mode or several kinds of combined transportation forms that means of transportation combines such as slide, down-hole automobile, belt transportations.The filler that is transported to the goaf utilizes throwing filling car and scraper to carry out filling.
In the panel, divide mineral building mining, packing job and mining hocket in the same mineral building.When orebody thickness is pressed one deck back production during less than 5m,, orebody thickness adopts stoping-and-filling to branch when adopting to go up during greater than 5m.About every layer of stoping width 4m, back production one deck filling one deck continues one deck above the back production then on obturation.
Begin to carry out packing job behind the intact one deck ore deposit of mineral building back production.Pack the filler of transporting to stope in the hopper of throwing filling car into scraper earlier, then the filler throwing in the goaf.300 ~ 500mm is thick for the filler primary filling, sprays saturated bittern or clay adhesive material according to the ratio of confirming then, rolls with multi-functional auxiliary car again.The circulation technology that---sprinkling bittern---rolls according to the throwing filler is up to the goaf of complete mineral building of filling.
Compared with prior art, the inventive method can form the obturation with certain intensity through tail salt dry type consolidated fill in the dead zone, can effectively prevent ore pillar and surrounding rock failure, prevention surface collapse and sinking, safeguard back production safety.Placement method of the present invention has utilized a large amount of tail salt, has significantly reduced and has stored up floor space, and mining area surface and peripheral ecological environment are played effective protection, thereby has good economic benefit and huge environment and social benefit.
The specific embodiment
Further describe concrete implementer's case of the present invention below.The cited specific embodiment of the present invention just describes preferred technique embodiment of the present invention, and is not to be confined to cited several kinds.
Embodiment 1, a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, and the filler of this method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl,
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is a solid state, and the combined transportation form that adopts one of drop shaft slide certainly, down-hole automobile, belt means of transportation or aforementioned several kinds of modes to combine is transported to the down-hole with filler.
Embodiment 2, a kind of dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt, and the filler of this method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is for being NaCl and MgCl
2, and NaCl and MgCl
2Mol ratio be not less than 1;
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is a solid state, and the combined transportation form that adopts one of drop shaft slide certainly, down-hole automobile, belt means of transportation or aforementioned several kinds of modes to combine is transported to the down-hole with filler;
Described placement method is a consolidated fill; In filler, add adhesive material, described adhesive material is clay or saturated NaCl bittern.
Embodiment 3, and in the embodiment 2 described placement methods: during filling, filler fully mixes; Slicing and filling, primary filling thickness are 300 ~ 500mm, according to first throwing filler; Spray saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay then on demand, the process cycles that rolls is at last carried out filling.
Embodiment 4, and in embodiment 1 or the 2 described placement methods: in the filler, the water content of tail salt NaCl is not higher than 10%; Tail salt MgCl
2Be will be with MgCl
26H
2The tail salt that the O form exists obtains containing the magnesium sheet of 2 ~ 4 crystallizations water through the strong evaporation of high temperature.
Embodiment 5, and in embodiment 1 or the 2 or 4 described placement methods: in the panel, divide mineral building mining, packing job and mining hocket in the same mineral building; When orebody thickness is pressed one deck back production during less than 5m,, orebody thickness adopts stoping-and-filling to branch when adopting to go up during greater than 5m; About every layer of stoping width 4m, back production one deck filling one deck continues one deck above the back production then on obturation; Begin to carry out packing job behind the intact one deck ore deposit of mineral building back production.
Embodiment 6, utilize the dry type consolidated fill method test of salt deposit exploitation tail salt.
Certain carnallite sylvite ore is positioned at kalium-magnesium deposit district, everything Plain, and landform is smooth in the district, and vegetation is luxuriant, and the face of land covers for the Quaternary system unconsolidated formation basically, and mostly ground is village, rice field, forest land.According to geographical position of living in, mining area and inside and outside condition of technology and economy, consider to adopt tail salt dry type consolidated fill method to cooperate mining.Its reason mainly comprises:
(1) face of land need obtain strict protection.In the mining effect scope, its face of land major part is farmland and ground water system, adopts this filling rule can prevent effectively that the stope top board from reaching the inbreak of covering Quaternary system, and farmland and face of land facility can be effectively protected.
(2) to be that main kalium-magnesium deposit bed buries deep thickness big for carnallite, and ore deposit rock compressive strength is low, and Protodyakonov coefficient is about 1, and property is crisp frangible, meets water electrode and is prone to dissolving.This filling method can adapt to the characteristic of deposit mining technology condition, and timely filling mine tailing prevents ore pillar and country rock avalanche behind the extracting drift of less exposed area, safeguards back production safety.
(3) the mine tailing abraum salt can be fully used, and helps face of land ecological environmental protection.Mine tailing need take a large amount of soils, and will form the quite big artificial salt lake of area in the storage area if be stored in ground; If enter surface water body (river, river, lake, reservoir), polluted-water might cause ecological problem when serious.
(4) Along with people's is deepened and each national environmental protection policy reinforcement the non-renewable understanding of mineral resources; Tail salt dry type consolidated fill method adopts and can be effectively protected to mining area surface and peripheral ecological environment; Ground tailing pit floor space greatly reduces, thereby has good economic benefit and huge environment and social benefit.
Mine capacity is carnallite raw ore 650,000 t/a.Annual abraum salt NaCl output is 28.36 ten thousand t, annual MgCl
2Output is 24.54 ten thousand t.NaCl drops to minimum through the centrifugal dehydration water content, MgCl
2Must adopt the strong evaporation of high temperature to obtain magnesium sheet.Mine tailing packs two kinds of mine tailings respectively at once after processing factory's output and deposits.
Therefore be difficult for obtaining cementitious material according to mining area field condition clay material and select saturated bittern for use, peak demand is:
M＜?
=
0.136
M---every kg filler adds cementitious materials peak discharge, kg
N---NaCl and MgCl in the filler
2Ratio, NaCl:MgCl
2=1.16:1
Q---the moisture content of NaCl casting resin, 8.5%
M---wait until that magnesium sheet is moisture, MgCl after the strong evaporation
24H
2O
K---because of the mining area average temperature is about 30 ° of C, therefore getting 30 ° of C saturated bittern water content is 79%.
Through the test of sneaking into to the different proportion adhesive material, obturation test block pressure is between 3.83 ~ 6.86 MPa, and along with the increase of gaining in strength of NaCl ratio.The cementitious materials that this ore deposit is selected for use is 0.1:1 with the ratio of main filler.Can satisfy the operation of winning equipment and the requirement of strength of roof supporting on the strength of filling mass.
Filler is at first transferred to main return air and filling haulage drift through near the filling vertical shaft that is arranged on the auxiliary shaft.At filling bottom mine tailing with scraper dress like CA-12 down-hole carrier, the down-hole automobile needs the panel of filling through main return air and filling haulage drift, section return air and filling haulage drift haulage drift, the entering of filling ramp.Pack casting resin in the hopper of slinger into then the filler throwing in the goaf with scraper.300 ~ 500mm is thick for the filler primary filling, sprays saturated bittern according to the ratio of confirming then, rolls with multi-functional auxiliary car again.The circulation technology that---sprinkling bittern---rolls according to the throwing filler is up to the goaf of complete mineral building of filling.
Claims (4)
1. dry type consolidated fill method of utilizing salt deposit exploitation tail salt is characterized in that:
The filler of this method is sylvite or the tail salt of carnallite ore after ore dressing processing; The Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl, perhaps is NaCl and MgCl
2, and NaCl and MgCl
2Mol ratio be not less than 1;
Described placement method is dry stowing, and filler is a solid state, and the combined transportation form that adopts one of drop shaft slide certainly, down-hole automobile, belt means of transportation or aforementioned several kinds of modes to combine is transported to the down-hole with filler;
Described placement method is a consolidated fill; When the Main Ingredients and Appearance of tail salt is NaCl and MgCl
2The time, in filler, adding adhesive material, described adhesive material is clay or saturated NaCl bittern.
2. placement method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: during filling, filler fully mixes, slicing and filling; Primary filling thickness is 300 ~ 500mm; According to first throwing filler, spray saturated NaCl bittern or loose clay then on demand, the process cycles that rolls is at last carried out filling.
3. placement method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the filler, the water content of tail salt NaCl is not higher than 10%; Tail salt MgCl
2Be will be with MgCl
26H
2The tail salt that the O form exists obtains containing the magnesium sheet of 2 ~ 4 crystallizations water through the strong evaporation of high temperature.
4. placement method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the panel, divide mineral building mining, packing job and mining hocket in the same mineral building; When orebody thickness is pressed one deck back production during less than 5m,, orebody thickness adopts stoping-and-filling to branch when adopting to go up during greater than 5m; About every layer of stoping width 4m, back production one deck filling one deck continues one deck above the back production then on obturation; Begin to carry out packing job behind the intact one deck ore deposit of mineral building back production.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110417361.2A CN102562145B (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2011-12-14 | Dry-type cement filling method realized by aid of extracted tail salt of salt deposit |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015013759A1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | Xenith Consulting Pty Ltd | Hardenable or settable material and method for stabilising csg salts |
| CN104533420A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 湖北双环科技股份有限公司 | Multistage-series well injection method for rock salt cavity |
| CN104712359B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-12 | 化工部长沙设计研究院 | A kind of method preparing goaf backfill material with the sylvite ore potassium mine tailing containing magnesium |
| CN111877262A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-03 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Antiseep structure in old bittern salt pan |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015013759A1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | Xenith Consulting Pty Ltd | Hardenable or settable material and method for stabilising csg salts |
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| CN104712359B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-10-12 | 化工部长沙设计研究院 | A kind of method preparing goaf backfill material with the sylvite ore potassium mine tailing containing magnesium |
| CN111877262A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-03 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Antiseep structure in old bittern salt pan |
| CN111877262B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司 | Antiseep structure in old bittern salt pan |
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