CN102557802B - Special fertilizer for rice and preparation method for fertilizer - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for rice and preparation method for fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102557802B CN102557802B CN201210039656.5A CN201210039656A CN102557802B CN 102557802 B CN102557802 B CN 102557802B CN 201210039656 A CN201210039656 A CN 201210039656A CN 102557802 B CN102557802 B CN 102557802B
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Abstract
The invention discloses special fertilizer for rice. The special fertilizer comprises thermal-method phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the P content and the K content of the special fertilizer are based on the P2O5 and K2O; the mass part ratio of the N, the P2O5 and the K2O is (11-13) : (9-11) : (7-9); and the total mass percentage content of the N, the P2O5 and the K2O is 27 to 33 percent. The special fertilizer has the following advantages that: 1) the thermal-method phosphate fertilizer serving as the source of phosphate fertilizer is prepared by melting medium low-grade phosphorite through ore containing magnesium and silicon at a high temperature, so the abundant secondary elements of the medium low-grade phosphorite are remained; 2) the formula of the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium is reasonable by analyzing the demand rule of rice nutrients and the soil nutrient content of the rice field in the Yangtze river basin and is suitable for the growth and development rule of the rice in the Yangtze river basin; and 3) the thermal-method phosphate fertilizer serves as the main phosphorous source, so the fertilizer is abundant in various secondary elements, various nutritional elements can be provided for the rice, and the secondary elements can effectively improve lodging resistance, disease and pest resistance and the like of the rice and can supplement the secondary elements of the soil in the rice field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the first food crop of China, its sown area accounts for 27% of China's food crop total area, rice yield accounts for national cereal and always produces more than 40%, and per unit area yield surpasses 6t/ha, and this is for guaranteeing that China's grain security and social harmonious development have important effect.The Yangtze valley is one of important Rice Production region of China, and it comprises Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Southern Henan 10 provinces and cities.In region, single cropping, double cropping of rice coexist, and Xian, round-grained rice, glutinous rice all have plantation.Left and right, 5,100 ten thousand hectares of this total cultivated areas, district, nearly 1,900 ten thousand hectares of rice growing area, 1.2 hundred million tons of output, account for national rice area and total 64% and 66% left and right of producing, per unit area yield 6.75t/ha left and right.Nearest 30 years, industry since the nineties in last century particularly, the average per unit area yield in the paddy rice whole nation fluctuates always, especially in Rice Production great Sheng Jiangsu of the Yangtze valley, the province such as Hunan, Hubei.Simultaneously, due to intensive Rice Production, a large amount of inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, the high yield year after year of paddy rice, moderate-element in soil (Ca, Mg, S, Si etc.) is taken away every year in a large number, in soil, nutrient limiting factors is gradually varied to moderate-element, and especially in the Yangtze valley, this situation has limited the Sustainable Production of following China paddy rice.
Recently 10Nian Shi China's Fertilizer Industry stage with the fastest developing speed, chemical fertilizer total amount increases rapidly, and nitrogen, the phosphate fertilizer degree of self-sufficiency surpass 100%, and the proportion of high density nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer all surpasses 50%, and the most significant feature is the fast development of composite fertilizer.Within 2005, China composite fertilizer output reaches 1,350,000 tons of P
2o
5, account for 8% of phosphate fertilizer ultimate production, account for 27% of the total consumption of chemical fertilizer; Within 2007, China composite fertilizer output reaches 1,960,000 tons of P
2o
5, account for 14.5% of phosphate fertilizer ultimate production.By analysis, finding that large-lot producer still take produces nutrient content and is greater than 40% high density product as main, the fertilizer of producing these high densitys conventionally select in high-grade Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), by processes such as ore dressings, produce the fertilizer of high density, in moderate-element abandoneds such as a large amount of Ca of this process, Mg, S, Si, produce a large amount of mine tailings such as phosphogypsum simultaneously.High density, the universal composite fertilizer of Base-appling once have caused a lot of problems in current situation, the problem such as meeting causes soil nutrient, accumulate in a large number, fertilizer price is high.
China has the phosphorus ore deposit of about 14,100,000,000 tons at present, occupy second place of the world, but aspect the exploitation of ore quality, washability and Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL), there iing very large defect, can be relatively low for the basic reserves of Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) of exploitation processing and utilization, about 4,000,000,000 tons of left and right, wherein more with mid low grade phosphate rock deposit again, P wherein
2o
5content is greater than 30% rich ore only 11.08 hundred million tons.Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) P
2o
5average content be 17% left and right, most phosphorus ores must could meet phosphoric acid and high concentration phosphate fertilizer production requirement after beneficiation enrichment.By exploiting at present Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) speed, if all utilize P
2o
5content is that 30% rich ore only can maintain about 10 years, and economic reserve only can maintain about 40 years, followingly will be forced to the resource that cost of winning is higher.Therefore, how a large amount of low-grade phosphate ore of rational exploitation and utilization China, is phosphate fertilizer and sulphur dioxide of phosphor chemical industry major issue in the urgent need to address.
In China's phosphate rock resource, high-grade ore is mainly distributed in Yunnan, the provinces such as Guizhou, the middle low grade ore of the most of phosphorus ore of Er Zhan China is mainly distributed in Hubei, the provinces such as Sichuan, due to Hubei, the provinces such as Sichuan are in Rice Production concentrated area, the Yangtze valley, compare Yunnan, the provinces such as Guizhou are dried up, and rice concentration of production region distance is nearer, thereby advantage in geography how to utilize mid low grade phosphate rock to develop the fertilizer product that is applicable to Yangtze valley paddy growth be exactly following problem demanding prompt solution, it is for the grain-production safety that ensures China paddy rice, more efficient and rational use China phosphate rock resource has great importance simultaneously.
Chinese patent application (02154678.9 and 03111906) discloses respectively two kinds of paddy rice-dedicated fertilizers, be wherein to take urea and high concentration phosphate fertilizer etc. to be the paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer in main nitrogen phosphorus nutrient source, a kind of for take the nitrogen high-effective saline-alkali ground paddy rice dedicated nitrogenous fertilizer that urea, carbon ammonium is raw material.In above two kinds of fertilizer, do not consider the problems such as the rule of paddy rice npk nutrient and proportioning completely, in special fertilizer, the source of phosphorus is the high concentration phosphate fertilizer of producing with middle higher-grade phosphorus ore simultaneously, in fertilizer, moderate-element content is low, and not to produce for Yangtze valley paddy rice, can not adapt to the Sustainable Production and maintenance Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field balance of following Yangtze valley paddy rice.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
A kind of paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer provided by the present invention, comprises thermal process phosphatic fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer; In described special fertilizer, the content of P and K is respectively with P
2o
5and K
2o meter, N, P
2o
5and K
2the ratio of quality and the number of copies of O is (11～13): (9～11): (7～9), N, P
2o
5and K
2the total quality percentage composition of O is 27%～33%.
In above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, in described special fertilizer, the content of P and K is respectively with P
2o
5and K
2o meter, N, P
2o
5and K
2the ratio of quality and the number of copies of O specifically can be 11: 9: 7 or 12: 10: 8, N, P
2o
5and K
2the total quality percentage composition of O specifically can be 27% or 30%.
In above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer can and/or obtain through melting containing silicon ore by mid low grade phosphate rock stone and magnesium-containing ore.
In above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, in described mid low grade phosphate rock stone, the content of P is with P
2o
5meter can be 17%～24%, specifically can be 18.80% or 20.5%.
In above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, P in described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer
2o
5content can be 12%～18%, specifically can be 13.5% or the content of 15.2%, CaO be 20%～35%, specifically can be 28.12% or 30.35%, SiO
2content be 20%～30%, specifically can be 24.35% or the content of 28.61%, MgO be 8%～15%, specifically can be 8.75% or 9.16%.
In above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, described special fertilizer also can comprise phosphorus ammonium, and described phosphorus ammonium is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, specifically can add appropriate phosphorus ammonium according to the content of phosphorus in described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer.
In above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, described nitrogenous fertilizer can be urea or ammonium nitrate; Described potash fertilizer can be Repone K or potassium sulfate.
In above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, described special fertilizer specifically can be take described nitrogenous fertilizer as core, with described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer and potash fertilizer, or with the mixture of potash fertilizer and the phosphorus ammonium coated compound manure that is integument.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, comprises the steps: described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer and described potash fertilizer, or is made into integument with the mixture of described potash fertilizer and phosphorus ammonium; Described nitrogenous fertilizer wraps up and obtains product with described integument.
In above-mentioned preparation method, described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer can be particulate state, and its fineness can be and is greater than 80% by 80 mesh sieves; Described nitrogenous fertilizer can be particulate state, and its particle diameter can be 1.5mm～2.8mm; Described potash fertilizer and phosphorus ammonium can be Powdered.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the granularity of described special fertilizer can be 1.5mm～5.6mm, as 1.5mm～3mm.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) use mid low grade phosphate rock by containing magnesium, containing at high temperature melting of silicon ore, generate thermal process phosphatic fertilizer and originate as special fertilizer phosphate fertilizer, without processes such as ore dressings, retained the moderate-element being rich in mid low grade phosphate rock, without the generation of waste materials of mine tailing etc.;
2) by rice nutrient demand rule and Yangtze valley Soil Nutrients in Paddy Field are contained to quantitative analysis, rationally nitrogen phosphorus potassium formula, is applicable to Yangtze valley rice growth rule;
3) because using thermal process phosphatic fertilizer prepared by Mid-and low-grade phosphate rock resources as main phosphorus source, in its fertilizer, be rich in multiple moderate-element, it not only can provide various nutritive elements for paddy rice, and these moderate-elements can also effectively improve the resistances such as resistant to lodging, the disease and insect resistance of paddy rice, can also supplement the moderate-element of paddy soil simultaneously.
Embodiment
The experimental technique using in following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method.
In following embodiment, material used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
The preparation of embodiment 1, paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer
By mid low grade phosphate rock stone, (wherein the content of P is with P
2o
5count 18.80%) with one or more are siliceous, ore melting at 1450 ℃ of calcium, magnesium, through shrend, dry, pulverize and obtain thermal process phosphatic fertilizer, wherein, P
2o
5content be 13.50%, CaO content is 28.12%, SiO
2content be 24.35%, MgO content is 8.75%, fineness is 80% by 80 mesh sieves; Then take Granular Urea as core, pulverous Repone K and monoammonium phosphate are added in the above-mentioned thermal process phosphatic fertilizer preparing, be made into integument raw material; In packing machine, with integument raw material, nuclei is wrapped up so, by dry and the cooling paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer that obtains, its granularity is 1.5mm～3.0mm.
In paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer prepared by the present embodiment, the content of P and K is respectively with P
2o
5and K
2o meter, N, P
2o
5and K
2the ratio of quality and the number of copies of O is 11: 9: 7, N, P
2o
5and K
2the total quality percentage composition of O is 27%.
The preparation of embodiment 2, paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer
By mid low grade phosphate rock, (wherein the content of P is with P
2o
5count 20.50%), and containing silicon ore melting at 1450 ℃, obtain thermal process phosphatic fertilizer, wherein, P
2o
5content be 15.20%, CaO content is 30.35%, SiO
2content be 28.61%, MgO content is 9.16%, fineness is 85% by 80 mesh sieves; Taking 260kg Granular Urea is core, takes 450kg thermal process phosphatic fertilizer, mixes with pulverous Repone K 170kg and monoammonium phosphate 40kg, makes integument raw material; In packing machine, with integument raw material, nuclei is wrapped up to then drying and the cooling 1000kg paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer that obtains, its granularity is 1.5mm～3.0mm.
In paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer prepared by the present embodiment, the content of P and K is respectively with P
2o
5and K
2o meter, N, P
2o
5and K
2the mass ratio of O is 12: 10: 8, N, P
2o
5and K
2total quality percentage composition of O is 30%; Middle amount nutritive element CaO, MgO and SiO
2total quality percentage composition be 30%.
The field test of the paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer of embodiment 3, embodiment 2 preparations
In the large provinces and cities of Yangtze valley Rice Cropping, comprise Sichuan Province, Chongqing City, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, the paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer that utilizes embodiment 2 preparation respectively morning of above 7 provinces and cities, in and on late rice, carry out the compliance test result test of fertilizer field, altogether carry out 20 special fertilizer field compliance test results tests.
It is control group that not fertilizer treatment is all take in each province and city.
Concrete test method: the paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer with embodiment 2 preparations is used as base manure, and tillering phase and heading stage be Nitrogen Top Dressing and potash fertilizer respectively, test rice varieties selects the local paddy rice master of test to carry high-yield variety; Fertilizer amount determines according to actual output level at that time and high-yield culturing measure, and paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer consumption is 600～750kg/ha; Cultivation management measure is with local high yielding culture of rice measure.
The experimental plot area of each provinces and cities is 20m
2, three repetitions are established in every processing.
Test-results shows, the prepared paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer of embodiment 2 can effectively improve Rice Growing colonial organism amount in early stage and tiller number; Every cave spike number, number of grain per ear, the unit surface (667m in average final results periods
2) results spike number be respectively 14.80,73.10,3.15 * 10
5, more fertilizer treatment is not average respectively improves 72.09%, 7.86%, 71.20%; Yield result shows, it is 7.91t/ha that the prepared paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer of embodiment 2 is processed mean yield, than fertilizer treatment not, on average increases by 47.24%.
Above result proves that paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve rice yield, can effectively utilize mid low grade phosphate rock, has higher economy, society and ecological benefits.
Claims (4)
1. a Yangtze valley paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer, is comprised of thermal process phosphatic fertilizer, urea, potash fertilizer and phosphorus ammonium; In described special fertilizer, the content of P and K is respectively with P
2o
5and K
2o meter, N, P
2o
5and K
2the ratio of quality and the number of copies of O is 12:10:8, N, P
2o
5and K
2the total quality percentage composition of O is 30%; Described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer obtains through melting by mid low grade phosphate rock stone and magnesium-containing ore and/or containing silicon ore; Described phosphorus ammonium is monoammonium phosphate; In described mid low grade phosphate rock stone, the content of P is with P
2o
5count 17%～24%; P in described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer
2o
5content be 12%～18%, CaO content is 20%～35%, SiO
2content be 20%～30%, MgO content is 8%～15%; Described potash fertilizer is Repone K or potassium sulfate;
Described special fertilizer is for take described urea as core, the coated compound manure that the mixture of described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer and potash fertilizer and phosphorus ammonium of take is integument.
2. the preparation method of Yangtze valley paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer described in claim 1, comprises the steps: the mixture of described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer and described potash fertilizer and phosphorus ammonium to be made into integument; Described urea wraps up and obtains product with described integument.
3. the preparation method of Yangtze valley paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described thermal process phosphatic fertilizer is particulate state, and its fineness is for being greater than 80% by 80 mesh sieves; Described urea is particulate state, and its particle diameter is 1.5mm～2.8mm; Described potash fertilizer and phosphorus ammonium are Powdered.
4. according to the preparation method of Yangtze valley paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the granularity of described special fertilizer is 1.5mm～5.6mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210039656.5A CN102557802B (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Special fertilizer for rice and preparation method for fertilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210039656.5A CN102557802B (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Special fertilizer for rice and preparation method for fertilizer |
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| CN102557802B true CN102557802B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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| CN106116784A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 陈启芬 | A kind of agricultural compound fertilizer |
| CN106187414A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 兰赫(上海)生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Oryza sativa L. fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111374007A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-07 | 黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院 | Breeding F for increasing tillering regeneration capacity of rice1Method for generation harvest number |
| CN113754479A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-07 | 海南大学 | Special fertilizer for paddy rice after stubbles of melons and vegetables in hot areas in winter and application method thereof |
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| CN1032914C (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 1996-10-02 | 郑州工学院 | Granular compound fertilizer and tech. made by part acidic phosphorus mine one step method |
| US7018440B2 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2006-03-28 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Granular coated fertilizer |
| US6878179B2 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2005-04-12 | Microbes, Inc. | Fertilizer compositions and methods of making and using same |
| CN101062873A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2007-10-31 | 南京市土壤肥料站 | Special fertilizer for rice dry-seeding |
| CN101955394A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2011-01-26 | 华南农业大学 | Super rice special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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