CN102538700A - Screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument - Google Patents
Screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN102538700A CN102538700A CN2011103964081A CN201110396408A CN102538700A CN 102538700 A CN102538700 A CN 102538700A CN 2011103964081 A CN2011103964081 A CN 2011103964081A CN 201110396408 A CN201110396408 A CN 201110396408A CN 102538700 A CN102538700 A CN 102538700A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument. The screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument is characterized in that: a measured rotor is supported between a headstock center and a tailstock center, and the measured screw rotor is driven by rotary working platforms to rotate; and a movable working platform is arranged, a measurement unit is arranged on the movable working platform, a long grating sensor for detecting the position of the movable working platform is arranged in the measurement unit, and a laser displacement sensor is fixedly arranged on an electric rotary disk. According to the screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument disclosed by the invention, the original measurement data on the screw rotor type surface feature is acquired under the motion coordination of two rotary working platforms and a one-dimensional translation platform by using the laser displacement sensor, and the corresponding data treatment and coordinate conversion are performed, so that the screw rotor type surface profile error data can be obtained and the error assessment result is given; and the screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument is simple in structure and good in processing and assembling performance, and is capable of realizing the surface profile error measurement on various screw surfaces and compatibly equipping sensors of other types for precise measurement of other parameters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement mechanism; More specifically saying so is used to measure the correlation parameter of the various curved surfaces with spiral characteristic, can be applicable to the device in the precision measurement of parts such as cross helical gear, accurate screw mandrel, spiral rotor of compressor, helicoidal pump rotor, gear cutting tool.
Background technology
In the modern machine industry, relate to a variety of profile error measure problems with spiral characteristic.Such as the core component screw rotor of screw compressor, the work efficiency of its shape and accuracy affects compressor, noise vibration level and serviceable life; Such as the hobboing cutter of Machining of Gear, its contoured profiles error can directly periodically be duplicated on processed gear.Therefore, have the profile error measure technology of spiral characteristic and concern and the attention that assessment technology receives domestic academia and business circles day by day.At present, the detection method of most domestic enterprise is to adopt general three coordinate measuring machine, through the cross section molded lines on the detection rotor disalignment sectional position, reflects the quality of whole screw rotor.There is following problem in this measuring method:
1, the three coordinate measuring machine price is high, and rotor measurement requires to be equipped with corresponding dedicated test software.Software price is also high, and the operation more complicated, to operator's technical requirement also than higher.These have all restricted popularizing and promoting of method itself.
2, three coordinate measuring machine generally adopts high precision trigger ball gauge head, because the face type line structure is complicated, curved transition is big, makes the error compensation of the gauge head radius of a ball become complicated, still has theoretic difficulty and deficiency so far academicly;
3, Measuring Time is long, only is fit to sampling observation, is not suitable for fast detecting and online detection, is difficult to adapt to the demand of rotor manufacturing enterprise.
4, can only measure the line style error of the two-dimensional section profile in the armature spindle cross section, can not realize profile measurement, more can't evaluate measured rotor facial contour degree error from three-dimensional angle to whole spiral profile.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology weak point; A kind of helical rotor machined surface profile error meter is provided; To realize that spiral rotor-type surface error parameter detects efficiently, automatically and accurately, promote theoretical the further developing of relevant three-dimensional profile facial contour degree error evaluation.
Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The design feature of helical rotor machined surface profile error meter of the present invention is:
On base; Be positioned at along X and the headstock and tailstock be set respectively to the two ends of the T-shape elongated slot that is provided with; On the opposing end faces between the said headstock and the tailstock, be in and be respectively arranged with headstock thimble and tailstock thimble on the same axis, measured rotor is bearing between said headstock thimble and the tailstock thimble;
On the said headstock, fixedly install an electric rotary table; The centre of gyration of the rotary table that be arranged in said electric rotary table, can under electric rotary table drives, rotate and the dead in line of said headstock thimble; On the front end face of said panoramic table, connect a shift fork through a driving lever; On a pair of jaw of said shift fork, be provided for driving the clamp screws of tested helical rotor respectively, said clamp screws radially is clamped in first axle head of tested helical rotor;
One motorized precision translation stage is set on said base, on said motorized precision translation stage, be provided with by stepper motor through the ball screw assembly, driving can slippage on rectilinear orbit travelling table, said rectilinear orbit and T-shape elongated slot laterally arrange; On said travelling table, be Z to fixedly installing column, the top of said column is cantilever one crossbeam is set, and the front end of said crossbeam is in the top of measured rotor; Front end at said crossbeam is provided with an electric rotary, and the rotating shaft of said electric rotary is X to setting;
Measuring unit is set, is included in layout circle grating sensor in the said electric rotary table, be used for measurement the angle of revolution of panoramic table; On said motorized precision translation stage, be provided for detecting the long grating sensor of travelling table position; On said electric rotary, fixedly install laser displacement sensor; The optical axis of said laser displacement sensor is through the axis of rotation of electric rotary.
The design feature of helical rotor machined surface profile error meter of the present invention also is:
One tailstock detent mechanism is set; Be that a side at tailstock is provided with the pull bar axle sleeve; Pull bar run through said pull bar axle sleeve, and can be at pull bar axle sleeve axis to slip, be fixedly connected with briquetting at the front end of said pull bar, back end of tie rod is fixedly connected with handle; Between said pull bar axle sleeve and handle, stage clip is housed, briquetting is pressed in the locating slot in the base with the pressure of stage clip; One stop pin is set, and said stop pin one end is threaded with briquetting, and the other end is inserted in the pin-and-hole of tailstock bottom surface.
Each locating surface is set on said base, comprises: the first facade A that is parallel to each other and the second facade D; Etc. the first high plane E, the second plane F and the 3rd plane G, and each facade is vertical each other with each plane; Said motorized precision translation stage is through being bolted on the 3rd plane G, and the side of motorized precision translation stage and the second facade D offset and locate; The headstock and tailstock are separately fixed on the first plane E and the second plane F, and the side of the headstock and tailstock and the first facade A face offset.
The present invention utilizes laser displacement sensor; Under the motion of two rotary tables and one dimension translation stage cooperates, obtain the raw measurement data of relevant helical rotor profile characteristic, draw helical rotor machined surface profile degree error information and provide the error evaluation result through corresponding data processing and coordinate transform again.Compared with present technology, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention is measured rotor measurement and evaluates error measure of facial contour degree and the evaluation that is promoted to the full helicoid of three dimensions internal rotor by two-dimentional line profile, and the measurement data of being obtained can realize the three-dimensionalreconstruction of rotor profile.
2, the present invention adopts the machine vision non-cpntact measurement, realizes that the automatic, high precision of the crucial profile parameters of helical rotor is measured, and has avoided the gauge head radius compensation problem in the three coordinate measuring engine measurement, helps improving measuring accuracy.
3, the present invention adopts shift fork to drive measured rotor, with two back dead centre location measured rotor, compares with direct driving of main shaft, has eliminated the influence of spindle motion error to measuring accuracy well.
4, the present invention not only can measure the two-dimentional line style profile of arbitrary axis cross section internal rotor, can also measure and evaluate the facial contour degree error of the rotor helical-screw face in the three dimensions, realizes the three-dimensionalreconstruction on spiral characteristic surface.
5, the present invention remove laser displacement sensor, when changing the outfit inductance sensor or other type sensor; Can be used for measuring the error of any helix on the helicoid; The mode of motion of this metering system and measured rotor ball cutter when Precision Machining is consistent, for analyzing processing technology direct meaning and value is arranged.
6, the present invention can be widely used in the measurement of precision optical machinery parts such as cross helical gear, accurate helical screw, gear cutting tool;
Comprise and be used to accomplish helicoid helical pitch, lift angle, the isoparametric measurement of pitch diameter.
7, the present invention detects good reproducibility, precision is high, detection efficiency is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the right view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a headstock structural representation among the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the left view of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is a tailstock structural drawing among the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the left view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is a base locating surface synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Figure 10 is laser displacement sensor measuring principle figure among the present invention;
Figure 11 is a center pillar coordinate measuring system synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Label among the figure: 1 headstock; 2 measured rotor; 3 tailstocks; 4 bases; 5 leveling lower margins; 6 motorized precision translation stages; 7 screws; 8 is T type bolt; 9 electric rotarys; 10 laser displacement sensors; 11 crossbeams; 12 columns, 13 travelling tables; 14 shift forks; 15 driving levers; 16 headstock thimbles; 17 electric rotary tables; 18 clamping screws, 19 rotary tables, 20 electric rotary table bases, 21 tailstock thimbles, 22 stop pins, 23 handles, 24 pull bars, 25 stage clips, 26 pull bar axle sleeves, 27 briquettings, 28 standard round cambered surfaces; 29 standard component supports.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the nose circle taper hole of the headstock 1 and headstock thimble 16 are conical surface precision-fit, and the headstock 1 usefulness T type screw 8 is fixed on the base 4, and the bottom of base 4 is provided with leveling lower margin 5, is used to adjust the levelness of base 4; Driving lever 15 is connected on the rotary table 19 through the external thread of front end; Shift fork 14 upper surface cylindrical holes and driving lever 15 clearance fit; The a pair of threaded hole concordant with the measured rotor axial location arranged in the lower end; Clamping screw 18 screws and passes this threaded hole tested helical rotor is clamped, so that electric rotary table 17 drives measured rotor 2 rotations, realizes accurate calibration.
Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6; The electric rotary table 17 that is fixedly installed on the headstock front end face by electric rotary table base 20 is commercially available standard package; By step motor drive,, drive the rotation of its rotary table 19 via over-type worm gear; Be furnished with accurate circular raster sensor in the electric rotary table 17, realize measurement of angle and accurate calibration.In the practical implementation, electric rotary table 17 is to be screwed on the front end face of the headstock 1, the dead in line of its axis of rotation and headstock thimble 16.
Referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the conical surface of tailstock thimble 21 and tailstock 3 nose circle taper hole precision-fit; One tailstock detent mechanism is set, and is that the side at tailstock 3 is provided with pull bar axle sleeve 26 with screw, and pull bar 24 runs through pull bar axle sleeve 26; The cylindrical hole clearance fit of the face of cylinder of pull bar 24 and pull bar axle sleeve 26; Pull bar 24 can be in pull bar axle sleeve 26 axially slides, and is fixedly connected with briquetting 27 at the front end of pull bar 24, and pull bar 24 rear ends are fixedly connected with handle 23 through screw thread; Between pull bar axle sleeve 26 and handle 23, stage clip 25 is housed, briquetting 27 is pressed in the locating slot in the base 4 with the pressure of stage clip 25; One stop pin 22 is set, and stop pin 22 1 ends are threaded with briquetting 27, and the other end is inserted in the pin-and-hole of tailstock 3 bottom surfaces, and briquetting 27 is flexible under handle 23 rotates, thereby clamp or the release tailstock, prevent that simultaneously briquetting 27 from rotating.
Referring to Fig. 2, a motorized precision translation stage 6 is set on base 4, on motorized precision translation stage 6, be provided with by stepper motor through the ball screw assembly, driving can slippage on rectilinear orbit travelling table 13, rectilinear orbit and T-shape elongated slot laterally arrange; On travelling table 13, be Z to fixedly installing column 12, the top of column 12 is cantilever one crossbeam 11 is set, and the front end of crossbeam 11 is in the top of measured rotor; Front end at crossbeam 11 is provided with an electric rotary 9, and the rotating shaft of electric rotary 9 is X to setting;
As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, rolling guide-rail pairs is arranged symmetrically in the both sides of ball-screw; With the ball-screw parallel axes; Precision length measurement grating chi is arranged between two guide rails, and grating reading head is fixed on the below of travelling table 13, with guide rail slide block and ball nut be adjacent; Travelling table 13 is connected and is connected with ball nut with slide block on the rolling guide through screw, and column 12 vertically is fastened on the travelling table 13 through screw.
Shown in Figure 4; The bottom flange of column 12 is along laterally having four mounting holes, is threaded with travelling table 13 on the motorized precision translation stage 6, and the afterbody of crossbeam 11 has opening; The height of crossbeam 11 is clamped on the column 12 with screw 7, so that can be regulated according to the measurement needs; On electric rotary 9, fixedly install laser displacement sensor 10 through the intermediate transit plate; The optical axis of laser displacement sensor 10 is through the axis of rotation of electric rotary 9; The measuring principle of laser displacement sensor 10 is trigonometries, sends on beam of laser to the tested surface a bit, can be known this by the CCD reception after light is turned back and put the displacement of sensor.
Referring to Fig. 9, in the present embodiment, each locating surface is set on base 4, comprising: the first facade A that is parallel to each other and the second facade D; Etc. the first high plane E, the second plane F and the 3rd plane G, and each facade is vertical each other with each plane; Motorized precision translation stage 6 is through being bolted on the 3rd plane G, and the side of motorized precision translation stage 6 and the second facade D offset and locate; The headstock 1 is separately fixed on the first plane E and the second plane F with tailstock 3; The side of the headstock 1 as reference field B be with base 4 on the first facade A offset; Tailstock 3 is when being in locking state, and it offsets as the side of reference field C and the first facade face A of base 4; The headstock 1 has common locating surface with tailstock 3, so that guarantee the dead in line of headstock thimble 16 and tailstock thimble 21; In the present embodiment; The locating surface of the 3rd plane G of motorized precision translation stage 6 and the headstock 1 and tailstock 3 is that the first plane E and the second plane F are coplanes; So just can guarantee direction of motion and the headstock top parallel axes that with tailstock center determined of measuring unit under motorized precision translation stage drives, form and measure required benchmark motion.
The computer processing unit hardware components has data collecting card, motion control card and modulate circuit; Software part comprises Survey Software and interface operation software, and Survey Software realizes that data acquisition, changes in coordinates are handled and the measurement result evaluation; Operation interface mainly comprises the motion control setting of three stepper motors, and measuring process such as controls at part.
Measuring method:
Need before detecting to calibrate with 28 pairs of instruments of standard round cambered surface of standard component; Standard component can directly be placed on a side of base 4 with standard component support 29, and is easy to use; Also can place separately.
During detection, measured rotor is installed between headstock thimble and the tailstock thimble locking tailstock.Travelling table 13 is moved to an end of measured rotor; Rotate electric rotary table 17; Make the laser beam of laser displacement sensor aim at measured rotor shaft section starting point, after the measurement beginning, electric rotary table 17 drives the measured rotor rotation; Simultaneously motorized precision translation stage 6 drives travelling tables 13 and moves toward another section from an end of measured rotor, and the rotation of electric rotary table 14 and motorized precision translation stage 6 mobile is by computer control and guarantee both speed ratio; Measured rotor rotates a circle, a helical pitch of travelling table displaced spirals rotor.According to the practical measurement requirement of helical rotor, can be set in the measurement cross section number in the helical pitch.Such as certain model male rotor five teeth are arranged; Lead angle is 240 degree, and helical pitch is 278 millimeters, measures if choose m cross section in each tooth of setting; Then in first cross section of measured rotor one end, begin to measure; Electric rotary table 17 steppings rotation during measurement, such as 0.1 ° of revolution, Linear displacement transducer obtain it to the tested surface a point apart from r
i, the anglec of rotation θ of electric rotary table 17 like this
iAnd r
iOne group of polar coordinates of corresponding one by one formation; Can accurately be described in the molded lines characteristic of a cross section inside spin rotor; After first cross sectional testing finished, electric rotary table and electricity driving displacement platform were synchronized with the movement, and made second measured section get into the measuring position; Realize second molded lines profile measurement, so circulation has all been surveyed up to m cross section.After first tooth measurement finished, n ° (the n=360/ number of teeth) of motoring platform rotation carried out the measurement of second tooth, all surveyed until five teeth and finished.
After measurement finished, measurement that is designed and error evaluation software at first finished the profile tolerance error evaluation in m cross section in the tooth and provide the result.The result that provide this moment is the line profile degree of the single shaft section internal rotor outline line of reflection.In fact, by the top axis of rotation O that constitutes of the headstock, tailstock
1O
2Can regard the X axle as, the inner circular raster sensor of the electric rotary table of concentric arrangement (17) can real time record and the angle of revolution of measuring rotor on the headstock
Long grating in the one dimension electricity driving displacement platform can write down the shift value of gauge head simultaneously, has so just constituted a cylindrical coordinates measuring system, like Figure 10 and shown in Figure 11.During the facial contour degree error of the helicoid in tooth of evaluation, the pole coordinate parameter (r in each cross section that need the front is measured
i, θ
i) pass through coordinate conversion, unify in cylindrical coordinates, to carry out again the facial contour degree error evaluation of monodentate helicoid, also can analyze and judge site error mutual between each flank of tooth simultaneously.The analysis of the evaluation of this facial contour degree and flank of tooth mutual position error and measurement adopt three coordinate measuring machine to accomplish.Exactly because also need between two coordinate systems, change and unify, so that guarantee need of measure precision, just instrument need carry out above-mentioned demarcation and calibration with standard component.Also can utilize the profile parameters in m cross section in the tooth to reconstruct the three-D profile of this tooth, on facial contour degree aspect, error evaluated.Even can realize the evaluation and the calculating of five gear tooth profile the relative position error.
Claims (3)
1. helical rotor machined surface profile error meter is characterized in that:
On base (4); Be positioned at along X and the headstock (1) and tailstock (3) be set respectively to the two ends of the T-shape elongated slot that is provided with; On the opposing end faces between the said headstock and the tailstock, be in and be respectively arranged with headstock thimble (16) and tailstock thimble (21) on the same axis, measured rotor (2) is bearing between said headstock thimble and the tailstock thimble;
On the said headstock (1), fixedly install an electric rotary table (17); The centre of gyration of the rotary table (19) that be arranged in said electric rotary table (17), can under electric rotary table (17) drives, rotate and the dead in line of said headstock thimble (16); On the front end face of said panoramic table (19), connect a shift fork (14) through a driving lever (15); On a pair of jaw of said shift fork (14), be provided for driving the clamp screws (18) of tested helical rotor respectively, said clamp screws (18) radially is clamped in first axle head of tested helical rotor;
One motorized precision translation stage (6) is set on said base (4), said motorized precision translation stage (6) go up to be provided with by stepper motor through the ball screw assembly, driving can slippage on rectilinear orbit travelling table (13), said rectilinear orbit and T-shape elongated slot laterally arrange; On said travelling table (13), be Z to fixedly installing column (12), the top of said column (12) is cantilever one crossbeam (11) is set, and the front end of said crossbeam (11) is in the top of measured rotor; Front end at said crossbeam (11) is provided with an electric rotary (9), and the rotating shaft of said electric rotary (9) is X to setting;
Measuring unit is set, is included in layout circle grating sensor in the said electric rotary table (17), be used for measurement the angle of revolution of panoramic table (19); On said motorized precision translation stage (6), be provided for detecting the long grating sensor of travelling table (13) position; On said electric rotary (9), fixedly install laser displacement sensor (10); The optical axis of said laser displacement sensor (10) is through the axis of rotation of electric rotary (9).
2. helical rotor machined surface profile error meter according to claim 1; It is characterized in that being provided with a tailstock detent mechanism; Be that a side at tailstock (3) is provided with pull bar axle sleeve (26); Pull bar (24) runs through said pull bar axle sleeve (26), and can be in pull bar axle sleeve (26) axially slides, and is fixedly connected with briquetting (27) at the front end of said pull bar (24), and pull bar (24) rear end is fixedly connected with handle (23); Between said pull bar axle sleeve (26) and handle (23), stage clip (25) is housed, briquetting (27) is pressed in the locating slot in the base (4) with the pressure of stage clip (25); One stop pin (22) is set, and said stop pin (22) one ends are threaded with briquetting (27), and the other end is inserted in the pin-and-hole of tailstock (3) bottom surface.
3. helical rotor machined surface profile error meter according to claim 1 is characterized in that on said base (5), each locating surface being set, and comprising: the first facade A that is parallel to each other and the second facade D; Etc. the first high plane E, the second plane F and the 3rd plane G, and each facade is vertical each other with each plane; Said motorized precision translation stage (6) is through being bolted on the 3rd plane G, and the side of motorized precision translation stage (6) and the second facade D offset and locate; The headstock (1) and tailstock (3) are separately fixed on the first plane E and the second plane F, and the side of the headstock (1) and tailstock (3) and the first facade A face offset.
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| CN201110396408.1A CN102538700B (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | Screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument |
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| CN201110396408.1A CN102538700B (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | Screw rotor type surface profile error measurement instrument |
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