CN102531050A - Method for preparing TiO2 (B) nano wires and application of prepared TiO2 (B) nano wires - Google Patents
Method for preparing TiO2 (B) nano wires and application of prepared TiO2 (B) nano wires Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing TiO2 (B) nano wires with high specific surface area. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing potassium titanate nano wires in a concentrated potassium hydroxide solution by using titanium oxide powder and adopting a hydrothermal or heating method, washing, performing acid exchange and secondary hydrothermal conversion, controlling the acid concentration and the reaction temperature of the hydrothermal reaction, and thus obtaining a large quantity of TiO2 (B) nano wires with the high specific surface. The prepared TiO2 (B) nano wires with the high specific surface have a good application prospect in the fields of lithium ion batteries, water treatment, sensors, sensitized solar cells and the like. Particularly, the TiO2 (B) nano wires applied to a cathode material for the lithium ion batteries have large capacity and can still keep large capacity at a high charge/discharge rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation high-specific surface area TiO
2(B) method of nano wire and TiO
2(B) nano wire is in the purposes of lithium ion battery, water treatment, sensing, field of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Background technology
Titanium oxide has become the focus of field of materials research because it has broad application prospects in fields such as photochemical catalysis, lithium ion battery, dye sensitization solar battery, photodissociation water and transmitters.
Common titanium oxide mainly comprises sharp titanium (I4
1/ amd), rutile (P4
2/ mnm), plate attitude (Pbca) and TiO
2(B) (C2/m) four kinds of crystalline phases.Different crystalline phases has different physicochemical property, thereby shows different functions.In all crystalline phases, constitute TiO
2(B) titanyl octahedral body crosslinking method is the most loose, makes it have bigger interlamellar spacing and less density, thereby aspect lithium ion battery, has superior performance.
Up to the present, the TiO that has reported
2(B) make peace greatly document (Armstrong, A.R. of the compound method of nano wire; Armstrong, G.; Canales, J.; Bruce, P.G.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2004,43,2286.) unanimity.Synthesis mode is following: at first from the titanyl powder, adopt hydrothermal method under dense sodium hydroxide condition, to obtain the sodium titanate nano wire; After the hydrogen ion exchange, the sodium titanate nano wire is converted into the metatitanic acid nano wire; At last metatitanic acid is annealed, controlled temperature is converted into TiO at 400-500 ℃ with metatitanic acid
2(B) nano wire.The TiO that this mode prepares
2(B) nanowire size is bigger, promptly has less specific surface area (usually less than 50m
2/ g).
TiO
2(B) size, pattern and the crystalline direction of growth can both influence its application in lithium ion battery to a large extent.Can shorten the transmission range of lithium ion and electronics like little size, enlarge the contact area of electrode and electrolytic solution, the minimizing current density.One dimension TiO
2(B) nanostructure helps electronics along motion along the long axis, and short-axis direction helps the quick insertion of lithium ion and takes off embedding.Equally, lithium ion is at TiO
2(B) disalignment in show different rate of migration, the order of its rate of migration be b＞c＞＞the a-axle.Therefore, regulation and control TiO
2(B) size, pattern and the direction of growth are extremely important, especially in the directions such as charge-discharge performance that improve lithium ion battery.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of preparation high-specific surface area TiO
2(B) method of nano wire reaches the TiO that makes thus
2(B) purposes of nano wire.This method is from the titanyl powder; At first adopt the method for hydro-thermal or heating in dense potassium hydroxide solution, to prepare Nano lines of potassium titanate; After washing, acid exchange; Carry out the secondary hydrothermal conversion again, acid concentration and temperature of reaction through the control hydro-thermal reaction have obtained a large amount of TiO with high-specific surface area
2(B) nano wire.
In order to make the TiO of acquisition
2(B) nanowire properties further improves, and the present invention is also with the TiO of hydrothermal preparation
2(B) nano wire carries out aftertreatment, comprises processing of annealing crystallization and finishing.
The TiO that the present invention prepares
2(B) nano thread structure has one-dimentional structure, smaller particle size, high specific surface area, and short b-axle and c-axle (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).
According to this high-specific surface area TiO
2(B) unique distinction of nano wire can be applied to the negative material of lithium ion battery, perhaps is applied to fields such as water treatment, sensing, dye sensitization solar battery.
Preparing method's flow process of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.Wherein 1 is the titanyl powder, and 2 is potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 3 is Nano lines of potassium titanate, and 4 is acid solution, and 5 is the Nano lines of potassium titanate after the acid exchange, and 6 is acid solution, and 7 is TiO
2(B) nano wire.Titanyl powder 1 mixes after obtain Nano lines of potassium titanate 3 behind hydro-thermal or the reacting by heating a with potassium hydroxide aqueous solution 2; Through filtering, the washing back is carried out the acid exchange and is obtained Nano lines of potassium titanate 5 in acid solution 4; Again through in acid solution 6, carrying out hydro-thermal reaction b behind the filtration washing, filtration washing after drying and make TiO
2(B) nano wire 7.
The various processing condition that the present invention prepares in the process are following:
1. titanyl powder: can be TiO
2Powder, metatitanic acid, positive metatitanic acid, potassium titanate, titanyl sulfate, titanium tetrachloride or their combination.
2. the selection of acid concentration: the concentration of acid solution 4 is at 0.001-1mol/L, and the concentration of acid solution 6 is between 0.01-0.4mol/L.
3. the concentration of Pottasium Hydroxide: 5-20mol/L.
4. the temperature of hydrothermal temperature and time: hydro-thermal reaction a is 100-250 ℃, and the temperature of reacting by heating a is 80-120 ℃.Time is 5-120 hour, and is concrete relevant with temperature of reaction with the selection of titanyl powder; The temperature of hydro-thermal reaction b is 100-250 ℃, and the time is 1-72 hour.
5. washing: must be behind the hydro-thermal reaction a through multiple times of filtration and washing.
6. dry: the exsiccant purpose is in order to remove the moisture of deposition absorption, can or to adopt 30-60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 60-100 ℃ of drying.
The TiO of the present invention's preparation
2When (B) nano wire is as lithium ion battery negative material, because it has one-dimentional structure, smaller particle size, high specific surface area, and characteristics (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) such as short b-axle and c-axle have been showed good cycle performance.Especially under fast charging and discharging speed, still can keep higher capacity.In order better to embody this TiO
2(B) the lithium ion battery performance of nano wire can be carried out aftertreatment to it, comprises processing of annealing crystallization and finishing.Wherein, annealing crystallization treatment temperature is between 200-600 ℃, and the annealed purpose is to improve TiO
2(B) percent crystallinity of nano wire; Finishing comprises load carbon, ruthenium oxide, metal platinum, Jin Heyin, is used to improve TiO
2(B) electroconductibility of nano wire.
The TiO of this method preparation
2(B) nano wire has high-specific surface area, low cost, monocrystalline property, easily separated and characteristics such as can be recycled, aspect organic pollutant absorption and the degraded, fields such as water treatment, sensing, dye sensitization solar battery have wide practical use.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the TiO that obtains of this method
2(B) have one-dimentional structure and short b-axle and c-axle (Fig. 4).
2. the TiO that obtains of this method
2(B) nano wire has smaller particle size and bigger serface very, be other method (Fig. 3) that can't realize.
3. preparation technology is simple, and processing parameter is easy to control, is easy to large-scale industrial production.
4. raw material is easy to get, and production cost is lower.
5. through control process parameters, can obtain TiO under given conditions
2(B) monocrystal nanowire, product gas purity high (greater than 95%).
TiO of the present invention
2(B) the nano wire advantage that is used for lithium ion battery negative material is:
1. capacity is high, and capacity reaches 388mAh g first
-1, i.e. Li
1.15TiO
2Be in all titanium-oxygen system of having reported at present, be used for lithium ion battery negative, the effect best material.
2. cycle efficiency is high.Repeatedly discharge and recharge, capacity descends hardly.
3. fast charging and discharging performance is good.Under fast charging and discharging speed, still keep big capacity, surmounted all results that in the past report based on titanium-oxygen system.
4. it is carried out aftertreatment, can further improve effect.
TiO of the present invention
2(B) the nano wire advantage that is used for other field is:
1. bigger specific surface area can be adsorbed more organism or heavy metal ion, plays the effect of fractionation by adsorption.
2. have photocatalytic activity, the product of photocatalysis to degrade organic matter is carbonic acid gas and water, does not produce secondary pollution.
3. bigger specific surface area can be adsorbed more dyestuff, and one-dimentional structure helps the transmission of electronics simultaneously, aspect dye sensitization solar battery, has superiority.
4. bigger specific surface area helps gas sensing, as is applied to the sensing of gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, steam.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is preparing method's flow process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the Nano lines of potassium titanate (a) and the TiO of the acid exchange of embodiment 1 preparation
2(B) the x x ray diffration pattern x of nano wire (b);
Fig. 3 is the Nano lines of potassium titanate (a) and the TiO of the acid exchange of embodiment 1 preparation
2(B) scintigram of nano wire (b), the TiO for preparing
2(B) particle diameter of nano wire is 2-30nm, and very big length-to-diameter ratio is arranged, and has high specific surface area;
Fig. 4 is the TiO of the method preparation that provides of the embodiment of the invention 1
2(B) transmission electron microscope photo of nano wire (a) and high resolution transmission photo (b), the visible TiO of a figure
2(B) nano wire has very little particle diameter, and b figure has disclosed TiO
2(B) direction of growth of nano wire is＜110＞direction.Can find out this TiO through simulation picture c, d
2(B) nano wire has short b-axle and c-axle, i.e. TiO
2(B) diameter of nano wire;
Fig. 5 is the high TiO of crystallization degree of embodiment 3 preparations
2(B) the x x ray diffration pattern x of nano wire;
Fig. 6 is the TiO of embodiment 1 preparation
2(B) nano wire is applied to the first charge-discharge capacity plan of lithium ion battery;
Fig. 7 is the TiO of embodiment 1 preparation
2(B) nano wire is applied to the capacity cycle diagram of lithium ion battery;
Fig. 8 is the TiO of embodiment 1 preparation
2When (B) nano wire is applied to lithium ion battery, the capacity cycle diagram under different charge-discharge velocities.
Embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention through following embodiment and Comparative Examples, but the application's protection atmosphere does not receive the restriction of the actual conditions of these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
2g titanium oxide (Deguass P25) is dispersed in the potassium hydroxide solution of 80mL 10mol/L, and solution is transferred in the water heating kettle, is heated to 200 ℃; Constant temperature 24 hours after temperature of reaction kettle is reduced to room temperature, takes out water heating kettle; To falling supernatant liquid, the bottom white solid is transferred in the beaker, ultra-sonic dispersion; Repeatedly wash with deionized water, spinning reaches 9-11 up to washings pH value.It is acid to add 0.1mol/L salpeter solution to solution becomes, ultrasonic and leave standstill more than 6 hours, makes H
+Ion can be with the K in the nano wire
+The ion major part exchanges.Repeatedly wash with deionized water, spinning, approaching neutral up to washings pH, 80 ℃ of dryings.0.1-1.0g metatitanic acid nano wire is distributed in the salpeter solution of 40mL 0.1mol/L, solution is shifted in the water heating kettle, be warming up to 150 ℃, constant temperature 24 hours; Reduce to room temperature when reaction kettle, repeatedly wash, spinning with deionized water; Reach neutral up to washings pH value, 80 ℃ of dryings get TiO
2(B) nano wire.
The 2g metatitanic acid is dispersed in the potassium hydroxide solution of 80mL 6mol/L, and solution is transferred in the water heating kettle, is heated to 240 ℃; Constant temperature 48 hours after temperature of reaction kettle is reduced to room temperature, takes out water heating kettle; To falling supernatant liquid, the bottom white solid is transferred in the beaker, ultra-sonic dispersion; Repeatedly wash with deionized water, spinning reaches 9-11 up to washings pH value.It is acid to add 0.001-1mol/L hydrochloric acid soln to solution becomes, ultrasonic and leave standstill more than 12 hours, makes H
+Ion can be with the K in the nano wire
+The ion major part exchanges.Repeatedly wash with deionized water, spinning, approaching neutral up to washings pH, 80 ℃ of dryings.0.1-1.0g metatitanic acid nano wire is distributed in the hydrochloric acid soln of 40mL 0.3mol/L, solution is shifted in the water heating kettle, be warming up to 180 ℃; Constant temperature 12 hours is reduced to room temperature when reaction kettle, repeatedly washs with deionized water; Spinning; Reach neutral up to washings pH value, 60 ℃ of vacuum-dryings get TiO
2(B) nano wire.
Embodiment 3
The 2g potassium titanate is dispersed in the potassium hydroxide solution of 80mL 15mol/L, and solution is transferred in the water heating kettle, is heated to 220 ℃; Constant temperature 8 hours after temperature of reaction kettle is reduced to room temperature, takes out water heating kettle; To falling supernatant liquid, the bottom white solid is transferred in the beaker, ultra-sonic dispersion; Repeatedly wash with deionized water, spinning reaches 9-11 up to washings pH value.It is acid to add 0.001-1mol/L salpeter solution to solution becomes, ultrasonic and left standstill 12 hours, makes H
+Ion can be with the K in the nano wire
+The ion major part exchanges.Repeatedly wash with deionized water, spinning, approaching neutral up to washings pH, 80 ℃ of dryings.0.1-1.0g metatitanic acid nano wire is distributed in the salpeter solution of 40mL 0.8mol/L, solution is shifted in the water heating kettle, be warming up to 220 ℃, constant temperature 5 hours; Reduce to room temperature when reaction kettle, repeatedly wash, spinning with deionized water; Reach neutral up to washings pH value, 80 ℃ of dryings get TiO
2(B) nano wire.
Embodiment 4
The 2g titanium oxide is dispersed in the potassium hydroxide solution of 80mL 20mol/L, solution is transferred in the plastic flask stirring heating; 105 ℃ were reacted 72 hours down, after temperature of reaction is reduced to room temperature, to falling supernatant liquid; The bottom white solid is transferred in the beaker, and ultra-sonic dispersion repeatedly washs with deionized water; Spinning reaches 9-11 up to washings pH value.It is acid to add 0.1M hydrochloric acid soln to solution becomes, ultrasonic and leave standstill more than 6 hours, makes H
+Ion can be with the K in the nano wire
+The ion major part exchanges.Repeatedly wash with deionized water, spinning, approaching neutral up to washings pH, 60 ℃ of vacuum-dryings.0.1-1g metatitanic acid nano wire is distributed in the hydrochloric acid soln of 80mL 0.01-1mol/L, solution is shifted in the water heating kettle, be warming up to 100 ℃; Constant temperature 72 hours is reduced to room temperature when reaction kettle, repeatedly washs with deionized water; Spinning; Reach neutral up to washings pH value, 60 ℃ of vacuum-dryings get TiO
2(B) nano wire.
Embodiment 5
TiO
2(B) the annealing crystallization of nano wire is handled, and improves its percent crystallinity.
With TiO
2(B) nano wire is put into retort furnace, and under the air atmosphere, the temperature rise rate of 5 °/min rises to 400 ℃, in 400 ℃ of 2h that anneal down.
Embodiment 6
TiO
2(B) finishing of nano wire improves its electroconductibility.
Get 1g TiO
2(B) nano wire places beaker, adds small amount of deionized water and fully soaks into, and adds 0.05g sucrose again, fully stirs to make sucrose can evenly spread to carrier surface, then beaker is put into 80 degree water-baths and heats, and takes out until evaporate to dryness.The sample of absorption sucrose is put into U type silica tube, and 400 ℃ of roasting 2h under inert atmosphere can make the TiO of carbon load
2(B) nano wire.
Embodiment 7
TiO
2(B) nano wire is used for the negative material of lithium ion battery
Get TiO
2(B) nano wire, carbon black, pvdf sticker mix according to a certain percentage, and working electrode is processed in its compression.Lithium hexafluoro phosphate is tested the charge-discharge performance of its lithium ion battery as electrolytic solution under the system of anhydrous and oxygen-free.Capacity reaches 388mA h g first
-1, i.e. Li
1.15TiO
2At charge-discharge velocity is 2000mA g
-1The time, still can keep 140mA h g
-1Capacity.
Embodiment 8
TiO
2(B) nano wire is used for water treatment absorption degradation organic dye
20mg TiO
2(B) nano wire joins in the aqueous solution of methylene blue of 100mL 10mg/L and carries out dye adsorption degraded, under obstructed oxygen condition, degrades this TiO with 8 watts of uv lamps (254nm) irradiation
2(B) nano wire has certain dye adsorption ability and photocatalytic degradation speed.
It should be noted that at last the purpose of publicizing and implementing example is to help further to understand the present invention, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: in the spirit and scope that do not break away from the present invention and appended claim, various substitutions and modifications all are possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the disclosed content of embodiment, and the scope that the present invention requires to protect is as the criterion with the scope that claims define.
Claims (10)
1. TiO
2(B) preparation method of nano wire, its step comprises:
1) titanyl powder and potassium hydroxide aqueous solution mix after obtain Nano lines of potassium titanate after hydro-thermal or the reacting by heating;
2) through filtering, IX is carried out in the washing back in acidic aqueous solution;
3) again through in acidic aqueous solution, carrying out hydro-thermal reaction behind the filtration washing, filtration washing after drying and make TiO
2(B) nano wire.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1), said titanyl powder is selected from TiO
2A kind of in powder, metatitanic acid, positive metatitanic acid, potassium titanate, titanyl sulfate, the titanium tetrachloride or their combination.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1), the concentration of said potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 5-20mol/L.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 1), if adopt hydro-thermal reaction, then temperature is 100-250 ℃, if adopt the reflux stirring reaction, then temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the time is 5-120 hour.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that step 2) in, the concentration of said acidic aqueous solution is between 0.001-1mol/L.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 3), the concentration of said acidic aqueous solution is between 0.01-0.4mol/L.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step 3), the temperature of said hydro-thermal reaction is 100-250 ℃, and the time is 1-72 hour.
8. the arbitrary said method of claim 1-7 is characterized in that, to the TiO that makes
2(B) the nano wire crystallization of annealing is handled, and wherein annealing temperature is between 200-600 ℃.
9. the arbitrary said method of claim 1-7 is characterized in that, to the TiO that makes
2(B) nano wire carries out finishing, and this finishing comprises load carbon, ruthenium oxide, metal platinum, Jin Heyin.
10. the TiO of the arbitrary said method preparation of claim 1-7
2(B) nano wire is used for the purposes of lithium ion battery negative material, degradable organic pollutant, gas sensing and dye sensitization solar battery.
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