CN102529969A - 使带辅助动力单元的电动车可行驶里程最大的***和方法 - Google Patents

使带辅助动力单元的电动车可行驶里程最大的***和方法 Download PDF

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CN102529969A
CN102529969A CN2011104332750A CN201110433275A CN102529969A CN 102529969 A CN102529969 A CN 102529969A CN 2011104332750 A CN2011104332750 A CN 2011104332750A CN 201110433275 A CN201110433275 A CN 201110433275A CN 102529969 A CN102529969 A CN 102529969A
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battery
driven car
soc
charging station
storing device
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小爱德华.D.泰特
S.A.塔诺夫斯基
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

提供一种使带辅助动力单元的电动车可行驶里程最大化的***和方法。还提供一种电动车，使得仅电可行驶里程最大化。车辆包括动力源，能量存储装置，辅助动力单元(APU)，和控制器。动力源推进车辆。能量存储装置对动力源供应电力。APU对动力源供应补充电力。控制器将车辆运行在仅电驱动模式，以车辆并获得能量存储装置的充电状态(SOC)。车辆和至少一个充电站被定位。控制器判断能量存储装置的最小所需SOC，其用于让车辆抵达至少一个充电站。控制器启动APU以运行车辆当能量存储装置的SOC低于能量存储装置的用于让车辆抵达至少一个充电站的最小所需SOC。

Description

使带辅助动力单元的电动车可行驶里程最大的***和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使具有辅助动力单元(auxiliary power unit：APU)的电动车中可行驶里程(driving range)最大化的***和方法。
背景技术
车辆采用各种动力源进行推进。这种动力源可包括内燃发动机，一个或多个电动机，和/或燃料电池。
每种动力源通常需要能量存储装置，其配置为接收和存储能量，并将存储的能量供应以使动力源运行。存储在能量存储装置中的能量的具体量通常让车辆运行有限的可行驶里程。这种可行驶里程通常取决于多种因素，这些因素可以与车辆本身有关，以及与道路和天气条件有关。此外，车辆的操作者的驾驶方式也会影响车辆可行驶里程。
发明容纳
提供一种方法，用于使电动车的仅电可行驶里程最大化，该电动车包括能量存储装置和辅助动力单元(APU)。方法包括在仅电驱动模式下运行电动车，以选择性地推进电动车。获得能量存储装置的充电状态(SOC)。确定电动车和至少一个充电站的地理位置。确定用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的地理位置的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC。当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为比用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的地理位置的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC更低时，APU被启动，以至少部分地运行电动车。
电动车被配置为让仅电可行驶里程最大化。电动车包括动力源，能量存储装置，APU，和控制器。动力源配置为推进电动车。能量存储装置配置为对动力源供电。APU配置为选择性地为动力源供应补充能量。控制器配置为用于在仅电驱动模式下运行电动车，以选择性地推进电动车并获得能量存储装置的SOC。控制器还配置为用于对电动车和至少一个充电站地理定位，并用于确定用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的地理位置的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC。当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为比用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的地理位置的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC更低时，APU被启动，以至少部分地运行电动车。
控制器适于用在电动车中。控制器包括至少一个存储位置和算法。算法适于确定电动车的能量存储装置何时不具有充足的SOC来抵达至少一个充电位置。算法适于获得能量存储装置的SOC并对电动车和至少一个充电站地理定位。算法还确定从能量存储装置获得的SOC是否足以让电动车行进到至少一个充电站的地理位置。当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为并不足以让电动车行进到至少一个充电站的地理位置时，算法启动APU以至少部分地运行电动车。同样，当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为足以让电动车行进到至少一个充电站的地理位置时，算法关闭APU。
当结合附图时，从下面的用于执行如所附权利要求限定的本发明的一些较佳方式和其它实施例的具体描述可容易地明白本发明的上述特征和优点，以及其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是电动车的示意性平面图，其具有配置为用于使仅电可行驶里程最大化的***；
图2是仅电可行驶里程的视觉显示的视图，包括多个充电站和抵达充电站的所需距离，用于视野和路线，所有这些都交叠在地图上；
图3是仅电可行驶里程的视觉显示的视图，显示了基于视野的能量区域，和多个充电站，所有这些都交叠在地图上；
图4仅电可行驶里程的又一视觉显示的视图，显示了基于路线的能量区域，和多个充电站，所有这些都交叠在地图上；和
图5是流程图，显示了用于使电动车辆的仅电可行驶里程最大化的方法。
具体实施方式
参见附图，其中几幅图中相同的附图指示相同或类似的部件，图1显示了电动车10，其配置为使得仅电可行驶里程22或距离最大化。电动车10可以是电池电动车(BEV)，增程式电动车(EREV)，插电式混合动力电动车(PHEV)等。
电动车10包括***12，该***配置为使得电动车10的仅电可行驶里程22最大化。***12包括动力源14，能量存储装置16，辅助动力单元(APU18)，和控制器20。动力源14配置为推进电动车10。能量存储装置16配置为将能量以电的形式供应给动力源14。能量存储装置16可以是电能存储装置16，如可充电电池等。
APU18可被控制器20启动，以在能量存储装置16的充电状态(state ofcharge：SOC)小于最小阈值时对动力源14补充能量。同样，APU18可以被控制器20关闭，从而电动车10运行在仅电驱动模式。APU18可以是内燃发动机等。更具体地，APU18配置为：当能量存储装置16中的SOC耗尽到低于最小阈值且电动车10不在处于能在仅电驱动模式中抵达至少一个充电站24而对能量存储装置16充电的仅电可行驶里程内时，APU18接合电动车10并为其提供地理里程的增程。APU18类似地配置为一旦电动车10处于仅电可行驶里程22内以能抵达至少一个充电站24，则从向动力源14供应补充能量的状态脱开。因此，电动车10配置为运行在仅电驱动模式，除非仅电可行驶里程下降到最小阈值以下，且在此时APU18***作为接合并延长可行驶里程，直到能量存储装置16的SOC至少等于最小阈值。仅电可行驶里程22是基于能量存储装置16中的SOC的电动车10所能行驶的可达到距离。仅电可行驶里程22可以基于视野(line of sight)36，如图2和3所示，或基于路线38，如图2和4所示。
电动车10配置为可在位于各种地理位置的多个充电站24中的任一处进行充电。***12配置为使得电动车10的仅电可行驶里程22最大化，将在后文详述。***12确定存储在能量存储装置16中的仅电可行驶里程，即能量(SOC)。***12还确定电动车10的达到至少一个充电站24的所需距离40。当能量存储装置16的剩余里程(即，仅电可行驶里程22)被判断为低于最小阈值，则APU18被启动，从而电动车10能抵达至少一个充电站24，以对能量存储装置16充电，直到能量存储装置16中的SOC至少等于最小阈值，此时APU18可被断开。
控制器20包括算法100，该算法提供了一种方法，其使得电动车10的仅电可行驶里程22最大化，将在后文详述。控制器20可配置为是数字计算机，通常包括微处理器或中央处理单元26(CPU)，至少一个存储装置28，高速速度时钟，模拟-数字(A/D)和数字-模拟(D/A)电路和输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)以及合适的信号调制和缓冲电路。存储装置28可包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机访问存储器(RAM)、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)等。应理解也可以将多于一个的算法包括在控制器20中。存在于控制器20中或可被控制器获取的算法100(包括算法100，如下参照图1详述)可被存储和执行，以提供相应的功能性。算法配置为自动地取样和存档一组预定的车辆统计信息，例如能量消耗和行驶的距离，之前被电动车10使用的充电站24，以及任何其他额外的车辆和/或环境信息。取样和存档可以是持续的或存在预定的时间间隔，如本领域技术人员所知的。
通常，计算***和/或装置，如CPU26，可以采用任何数量的计算机操作***且通常包括计算机可执行指令，其中指令可以通过一个或多个计算装置(如上所列的)来执行。计算机可执行指令可以用计算机程序编译或解读，所述程序用各种公知的编程语言和/或技术来创建，包括但不限于且任意地或组合地使用JavaTM，C，C++，Visual Basic，Java Script，Perl等。通常，处理器(例如微处理器)接收例如来自存储器、计算机可读介质等的指令，并执行这些指令，由此执行一个或多个过程，包括一个或多个本文所述的过程。这种指令和其他数据可以用各种公知的计算机可读介质存储和传递。
计算机可读介质(还称为处理器可读介质)包括任何非瞬时(例如有形的)介质，其参与提供数据(例如指令)，所述数据可被计算机读取(例如被计算机的处理器读取)。这种介质可以采取的形式包括但不限于非易失介质和易失介质。非易失介质例如可以包括光盘或磁盘和其他永久存储器。易失介质例如包括动态随机访问存储器(DRAM)，其通常构成主存储器。这些指令通过一个或多个传递介质传递，包括同轴线缆、铜导线和光纤，包括***连接到计算机处理器的导线。常见形式的计算机可读介质例如包括软盘、软性盘、硬盘、磁带任何其他磁性介质、CD-ROM、DVD、任何其他光学介质、打孔卡片、纸带、任何其他具有孔图案的物理介质、RAM、PROM、EPROM、FLASH-EEPROM、任何其他存储器芯片或卡带，或任何其他计算机可读的机制。
控制器20可选地包括远程信息处理单元(telematics unit)30和/或视觉显示部32。更具体地，在一个实施例中，控制器20将统计信息通讯到远程信息处理单元30。作为非限制性的例子，远程信息处理单元30可以使用
Figure BDA0000123086660000041
蜂窝，或其他合适的***等。远程信息处理单元30被司机配置为监测，记录，和发送与电动车10的运行有关的统计信息。远程信息处理单元30还可配置为监测内部通讯，如控制控制器20的各个分布式模块之间的总线通讯(当控制器20如此构造时)。统计信息可以从存储位置(memory location)传递到远程站点，或可被记录并保持在存储位置中，用于随后的获取和处理。如下所述，电动车10可以配备有视觉显示部32，其适于显示地图、文字信息、电子邮件、超文本传输协议(HTTP)链接等。电动车10还可配备有扬声器29，其配置为提供声学信息和警报。
仍参照图1，存储装置28可包括RAM和ROM。ROM可包括远程信息处理单元30的基本操作***，和/或任何其他所需的数据，通讯协议，和运行参数，它们通常需要永久存储和快速访问。RAM的功能可包括车辆性能值和其他车辆运行数据(如下所述)的处理和存储。远程信息处理单元30还可包括电力供应电路，全球定位***(GPS)电路，和输入/输出(I/O)接口，如本领域公知的。
仍参见图1，***可包括一个或多个传感器34，其配置为收集车辆性能值，该车辆性能值描述司机独特的驾驶习惯。来自传感器34的数据可包括但不限于描述电动车10速度历史，加热、通风和空气调节***(HVAC)的使用历史，电动车10的位置历史，电动车10运行期间的日期、时间，里程表读数等信息。来自传感器34的数据可被控制器20使用，以自动地计算与能量存储装置16的SOC有关的里程。例如，控制器20可产生或编译统计信息，以发送到远程站点，和/或用于在存储位置进行车载存储和存档。
在一段时间内统计信息对电动车10和/或其任何司机(一个或多个)来说是明确的，且还可包括但不限于：指定时间段内的平均燃料消耗或平均车辆速度；累积密度函数(Cumulative Density Function)图表，其描述指定时间段内的获得小于预定量燃料消耗的情况的驾驶比例(percentage of driving)；显示指定时间段内燃料消耗分布的概率密度函数图表；累积密度函数图表，其显示指定时间段内获得大于阈值距离的情况的驾驶比例；概率密度函数图表，其显示指定时间段内的行驶距离分布；和城市驾驶燃料消耗，其被限定为是用于在指定时间段内所有驾驶情况下的平均燃料消耗，其中在给定关键运行周期内的平均车辆速度低于指定车辆速度。
统计信息还可包括：高速路驾驶燃料消耗，其限定为指定时间段内所有驾驶情况下的平均燃料消耗，其中给定关键周期内的平均车辆速度高于指定速度；通过车辆标牌上的城市燃料消耗所划分的城市驾驶燃料消耗；高速路驾驶强度(driver intensity)因素，其被限定为通过车辆标牌上的城市燃料消耗划分的高速路驾驶燃料消耗；复合驾驶强度因素，其被限定为通过车辆标牌上的复合燃料消耗所划分的平均燃料消耗；本地电利用率；当前和/或预计的汽油平均价格；等。
***12可被配置为基于上述统计信息预测可能在指定时间段内被消耗的电量和/或距离。更具体地，统计信息可被控制器20用于确定能量存储装置16的抵达至少一个充电站24所需的最小SOC。
参见图1，2，和5，算法100可被控制器20执行且包括步骤112-126。在算法的步骤110，电动车10运行在仅电驱动模式，以选择性地推进电动车10。在仅电驱动模式，APU18被关闭且并不运行电动车10。
在步骤112，至少一个充电站24的地理位置可被存储在存储装置28中。地理位置可包括坐标，即，经度和纬度。应理解，地理位置可以用任何其他定位和识别方法来识别和存储方法，如本领域技术人员所知的。地理位置可包括在过去曾经用于对电动车10充电的至少一个充电站24。
能量存储装置16的SOC在步骤114获得。能量存储装置16的实际SOC可通过控制器20和/或直接测量等获得。在一个实施例中，能量存储装置16的实际SOC可(例如经由控制器20)转换为电动车10可在SOC低于最小阈而因此不足以在仅电驱动模式下推进电动车10之前所能行驶的的仅电可行驶里程22。更具体地，如上所述，仅电可行驶里程22的确定可以基于统计信息，包括但不限于历史驾驶情况。额外的其他因素(如道路等级，环境温度，交通状况等)也可以用于确定能量存储装置16的所需最小SOC，如本领域技术人员所知的。参见图2，仅电可行驶里程22可基于视野36和/或路线38而被显示为交叠视觉显示部32上的地图46。但是，应理解关于仅电可行驶里程22的听觉信息可以通过扬声器29发送。声音信息可以代替视觉显示部32或可以是视觉显示部32的补充，以限制对司机的任何不必要的注意力分散。
在步骤116，电动车10的地理位置被确定。地理位置可以用定位***来确定，如GPS***，蜂窝定位***，无线电定位***，和/或任何其他定位***，如本领域技术人员所知的。
在步骤118，至少一个充电站24的地理位置在地理上被定位。更具体地，充电站24的地理位置可以从存储装置28获得或可以经由远程信息处理单元30或任何其他类似的装置远程地获取。***12可被配置为仅获取在预定地理区域、范围和/或路线内的充电站24。
在步骤120，通过控制器20做出对能量存储装置16的最小所需SOC(即最小阈值)的确定，从而电动车10可在运行在仅电驱动模式时抵达至少一个充电站24。为了判断最小所需SOC，电动车10和至少一个充电站24之间的所需距离40可被确定。更具体地，如上所述，用于让电动车10经过所需距离40的最小所需SOC可以基于统计信息，包括但不限于历史驾驶情况。距离(即仅电可行驶里程22和/或所需距离40)可基于视野36来计算，如图4所示，和/或基于路线38来计算，如图5所示。
在步骤122，做出存储在能量存储装置16中的SOC是否足够让电动车10行进到至少一个充电站24的判断。能量存储装置16的最小所需SOC(在步骤120确定)与能量存储装置16的实际SOC(在步骤114获得)进行比较。替换地，所需距离40与可通过电动车10获得的仅电可行驶里程22比较。如果能量存储装置16的实际SOC被确定为低于能量存储装置16的最小所需SOC，或仅电可行驶里程22被确定为小于所需距离40，则APU18在步骤124处被启动，以至少部分地运行电动车10，从而电动车10能抵达至少一个充电站24。替换地，如果能量存储装置16的实际SOC被确定为至少等于能量存储装置16的最小所需SOC，或仅电可行驶里程22被确定为至少等于所需距离40，则APU18在步骤126被关闭，即关掉或以其他方式保持不启动，因为电动车10被认为在仅电驱动模式下具有充足的SOC来抵达至少一个充电站24。
在另一实施例中，参照图1和3-5，在步骤116做出的、能量存储装置16是否具有充足的SOC以抵达至少一个充电站24的判断是基于至少一个充电站24是否位于包围电动车10的能量区域42中的。能量区域42可被限定为一地理区域，其包括至少部分地包围电动车10的周界44，如图3和4所示。更具体地，基于能量存储装置16的实际SOC，仅电可行驶里程22被限定为电动车10和电动车10可行驶的周界44之间的距离。如果至少一个充电站24位于能量区域42的周界44内，则能量存储装置16被认为具有充足的SOC来抵达至少一个充电站24。仅电可行驶里程22的距离可基于视野36，如图3所示，和/或基于路线38，如图4所示。
包围电动车10的能量区域42是能量存储装置16的SOC的函数，其可以通过控制器20确定。当所有充电站24都在能量区域42以外时，APU18在步骤122启动，以至少部分地运行电动车10。同样，当至少一个充电站24位于能量区域42中时APU18在步骤122关闭。包围电动车10的能量区域42和电动车10的地理位置以及每个充电站24可被显示为交叠视觉显示部32上的地图46。
虽然用于执行本发明的较佳方式已经被详细描述，与本发明相关的本领域技术人员应认识到在所附的权利要求的范围内的执行本发明的各种替换设计和实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于让电动车的仅电可行驶里程最大化的方法，该电动车包括能量存储装置和辅助动力单元(APU)，该方法包括：
将电动车运行在仅电驱动模式中，以选择性地推进电动车；
获得能量存储装置的充电状态(SOC)；
地理定位电动车；
地理定位至少一个充电站；
确定用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的地理位置的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC；和
当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为低于用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的地理位置的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC时，启动APU以至少部分地运行电动车。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为至少等于用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的地理位置的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC时，关闭APU。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括计算电动车和至少一个充电站之间的距离；
其中确定能量存储装置的最小SOC还被限定为确定用于让电动车在仅电驱动模式经过抵达至少一个充电站的距离的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC；和
其中，启动APU还被限定为当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为比让电动车经过抵达至少一个充电站的距离的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC低时启动APU，以至少部分地运行电动车。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，还包括当所获得的能量存储装置的SOC被确定为至少等于让电动车经过抵达至少一个充电站的距离的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC时关闭APU。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中计算距离还被限定为基于视野计算至少一个充电站的位置和电动车之间的距离。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中计算距离还被限定为基于路线计算至少一个充电站的位置和电动车之间的距离。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中确定最小所需SOC还被限定为确定作为历史驾驶情况的函数的、用于让电动车抵达至少一个充电站的最小所需SOC。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括将之前用于对电动车辆充电的至少一个充电站记录在存储位置；和
其中地理定位至少一个充电站还被限定为从存储位置获取之前用于对电动车辆充电的至少一个充电站。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括确定能量区域，该能量区域包括包围电动车辆的周界；
其中能量区域是能量存储装置的SOC的函数；
其中启动APU还被限定为，当至少一个充电站中任一个位于能量区域以外从而获得的电动车的SOC被确定为小于用于抵达至少一个充电站中任一个的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC时，启动APU，以至少部分地运行车辆。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，还包括当至少一个充电站在能量区域内从而所获得的电动车的SOC被确定为至少等于用于抵达至少一个充电站的、能量存储装置的最小所需SOC时关闭APU。
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