CN102523882A - Method for establishing mowing-type artificial grassland on black soil beach - Google Patents
Method for establishing mowing-type artificial grassland on black soil beach Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for establishing mowing-type artificial grassland on a black soil beach. Introduced and acclimatized local grass seeds are selected. Annual forage grass Qingyin No.1/perennial forage grass Qingmu No.1 Elymus sibiricus, Elymus nutans/Qingmu No.1 Elymus sibiricus, or Elymus nutans/Elymus breviaristatus/Qingmu No.1 Elymus sibiricus are seeded at different seeding rates according to ecological and biological characteristics of forage grass and species niche in coenosis, so as to improve utilization efficiency of environmental resources (water, heat and light) and forage grass output and bring great economic and ecologic benefits. The method is suitable for establishing mowing-type artificial grassland at deteriorated grassland on the black soil beach with a soil thickness of more than 20 cm and a slope of less than 7 degrees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cut with type black earth beach sown pasture planting and establishing method; Be specifically related to be suitable for Qinghai-Tibet high and cold grassy marshland secondary barren---select plant is tall and big, output is high, herbage is nutritious annual or perennial grass and combination thereof on the black earth beach, through suitable agronomic measures and technological means grassland, Winter-Spring soil thickness more than the 20cm, the gradient less than 7 ° of beach black earth beach deteriorate grasslands on planting to cradle the sown pasture that is utilized as recovery purposes.
Background technology
Be utilized as purpose to cradle; Select the annual or perennial grass grass seeds that plant is tall and big, output is high, herbage is nutritious, grassland, Winter-Spring soil thickness more than the 20cm, utilize the sown pasture of comprehensive agronomy technical measures planting to be called on the beach black earth beach deteriorate grassland of the gradient less than 7 degree to cut with type black earth beach sown pasture.
The Qinghai-Tibet Platean is called as " third place in the world level ", has unique geographical environment and special climate condition, and Grassland ecosystems are main with high and cold grassy marshland.In recent years, receive influencing jointly of human society and production and operating activities and Global climate change, Qinghai-Tibet meadow large tracts of land is degenerated, and the high and cold grassy marshland of part has been degenerated to the black earth beach.According to investigations, nineteen ninety-five, Qinghai-Tibet black earth beach face amassed 7,030,000 hectares, and sources of three rivers nature reserve, Qinghai in 2006 is distributed with 4,910,000 hectares on such meadow.The good forage ratio and the production capacity on such meadow decline to a great extent, and the soil organic matter reduces, and available nutrient increases, and fertility is successively decreased, and water capacity descends.Along with grassland degeneration trend is increasingly serious; The black earth beach face is long-pending to be continued to increase; Contradiction is on the rise between regional population, resource, the environment and development, is not only restricting the development that local livestock breeding is produced, and the ecological safety in rivers source region and area, downstream thereof in serious threat; Therefore, the revegetation of black earth beach has become the emphasis and the difficult point of this area's grassland ecology construction and environmental protection.
Sown pasture occupies critical role as the advanced form of leamangement in farming and animal husbandry production and environmental protection.Coming fast quick-recovery deteriorate grassland through the planting sown pasture, is the main path that livestock breeding developed country carries out environmental protection and developing ecology livestock breeding.In the face of the present situation that grassland degeneration aggravates day by day, greatly developing sown pasture is the main task of China's 21 century grass cultivation construction and environmental improvement.Alpine-arctic Pastoral is set up sown pasture and is referred to as " sign and growth point that grass cultivation is built the new stage ".Result of study shows for many years, and the perennial sown pasture of planting is the effective way of fast quick-recovery black earth beach deteriorate grassland vegetation, be to solve the efficient important channel with sustainable development of high and cold grassland agriculture, and also be the governance model of ecology, production doulbe-sides' victory.
The grass seeds of herding the type sown pasture is single, the research of sustainable use key technology is less because high and cold area has been built; Technological reserve is not enough; Build and plant technology is not only reasonable, causes herding the type sown pasture and begins after the 3rd～5 year to degenerate in planting, particularly under final-period management fund input deficiency, utilization and the irrational situation of control measures; The type sown pasture of herding becomes " black earth beach " soon again very much, makes the improvement of the artificial reconstruction of black earth beach deteriorate grassland be absorbed in predicament.Suitable grass seeds not only can improve the type sown pasture of herding with rational combination herds with performance and annidation, also can improve utilization ratio, the prolongation grassland utilization time limit of environmental resource (water, heat, light) because of the interaction between grass seeds.It is a lot of to herd type sown pasture grazing hybrid sowing method both at home and abroad, no matter from output, quality, is not to say from stable angle, and the mixed seeding of beans standing grain is optimal combination.Yet, under Qinghai-Tibet special climate environmental condition, draw grass seeds outward and can't obtain further development owing to cold-resistant bad adaptability, wintering rate hang down.Therefore, suit measures to local conditions to select the local grass seeds of one's native land of domestication breeding and will be reasonably combined, adopt the build and plant technology of science to be the basis of planting sown pasture and to guarantee.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the suitable Qinghai-Tibet high and cold grassy marshland secondary barren that recovers---cuts with type black earth beach sown pasture planting and establishing method.Purpose is the different target to the revegetation of black earth beach; Classify and grading standard in conjunction with black earth beach deteriorate grassland; The grass seeds of one's native land of suitable black earth beach plantation is optimized combination, for soil thickness more than the 20cm, the gradient less than 7 ° of beach black earth beach deteriorate grasslands on planting annual or perennial cutting tall and big with plant, that output is high, herbage is nutritious with type black earth beach sown pasture provide the mixed seeding grass seeds to make up and build and plant technology.
The present invention is achieved through following technical proposals:
Suitable grass seeds and combination thereof filter out perennial anti-the herding property native soil grass seeds of suitable high and cold grassy marshland plantation growth through domestication breeding: perennial grass mainly contain Elymus nutans, green grass or young crops herd No. 1 siberian wildrye, with moral siberian wildrye, Qinghai China fescue grass etc., annual feed grass mainly contains: green grass or young crops is drawn No. 1 oat, green grass or young crops and draws No. 2 oats etc.Use species ecological niche principle in the group, grassland utilization year be limited to purpose with the utilization ratio that improves environmental resource (water, heat, light) with prolonging, optimize suitable 3 kinds of combinations: 1. annual feed grass green grass or young crops is drawn No. 1+perennial grass green grass or young crops and herds siberian wildrye No. 1; 2. Elymus nutans+green grass or young crops is herded siberian wildrye No. 1; 3. Elymus nutans+Qinghai elymus breviaristatus+green grass or young crops is herded siberian wildrye No. 1.The characteristics of this three kinds of grass seeds combination are that institute builds that the sown pasture plant is tall and big, output is high, herbage is nutritious, good palatability.
The agronomic measures that the build and plant technology planting is cut with type black earth beach sown pasture mainly is: 1. drilling: mill → fertilising → mechanical planting → suppression kills mouse → turn over → harrows; 2. broadcast sowing: kill mouse → turn over → apply fertilizer → harrow and grind → broadcast sowing → earthing → suppression.The clean culture amount was 22.5kg/hm when perennial grass seeds broadcasted sowing
2-30kg/hm
2, bar clean culture sowing time amount is 15kg/hm
2-22.5kg/hm
2, annual oat clean culture amount is 225kg/hm
2-300kg/hm
2The amount of broadcasting of each grass seeds is a 1/N* clean culture amount during mixed seeding, and N is a mixed seeding grass seeds number.Sowing depth is 2cm-3cm.Should be at the Alpine-arctic Pastoral seedtime in the first tenday period of a month～early June in May.Make base manure with phosphoric acid diamines or sheep manure during sowing, phosphoric acid diamines amount of application 150kg/hm
2～300kg/hm
2Shooting stage of tillering is topdressed 1 time consumption 75kg/hm with urea
2～150kg/hm
2
The suitable soil thickness of the present invention more than the 20cm, the gradient less than 7 ° black earth beach deteriorate grassland on planting cut that grass seeds with type black earth beach sown pasture makes up and the advantage of build and plant technology scheme is:
1, the type that is directed against black earth beach deteriorate grassland first adopts different governance models and management goal with degradation level, clearly proposes to cut suitable grass seeds and combination and the build and plant technology with type black earth beach sown pasture.
2, select for use grass seeds to be the grass seeds of one's native land of local introduction and acclimatization, adaptability is strong, can be at year samming below 0 ℃, and about extreme temperature-40 ℃, growth fertility on the barren black earth beach deteriorate grassland of soil fertility.
3, cut suitable grass seeds and combination thereof and the build and plant technology of use type black earth beach sown pasture suitable be applied to soil thickness more than the 20cm, the gradient less than 7 ° beach black earth beach deteriorate grassland on planting using beats the grass is the planting of purpose sown pasture to cut.Select for use grass seeds to be that plant is tall and big, output is high, herbage is nutritious, in the good palatability herbage grass, economy and ecological benefits are remarkable.
4, combination of grass of the present invention and build and plant technology have epitaxy, and along with the development of research and production practices, combination and build and plant technology still have expands space.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
The grass seeds combination: annual feed grass green grass or young crops is drawn No. 1+perennial grass green grass or young crops and herds siberian wildrye No. 1;
Seed quality: cleanliness 100%, germination rate 100%
The mixed seeding ratio: the 1/N that various grass seeds ratios are the clean culture amount during mixed seeding, N are mixed seeding grass seeds number (present embodiment N is 2).
Seeding quantity: the amount of broadcasting of each grass seeds is a 1/2* clean culture amount during mixed seeding, and the annual grass seeds amount of broadcasting is 112.5kg/hm when broadcasting sowing
2～150kg/hm
2, perennial grass seeds the amount of broadcasting be 11.25kg/hm
2～15kg/hm
2The bar annual grass seeds sowing time amount of broadcasting is 112.5kg/hm
2～150kg/hm
2, perennial be 7.5kg/hm
2～11.25kg/hm
2
The suitable black earth beach type of using: soil thickness more than 20cm, the gradient is less than 7 ° beach black earth beach deteriorate grassland
Agronomic measures: drilling: mill → fertilising → mechanical planting → suppression kills mouse → turn over → harrows; 2. broadcast sowing: kill mouse → turn over → apply fertilizer → harrow and grind → broadcast sowing → earthing → suppression.
Sowing depth: 2cm-3cm.
Sowing time: should be in the first tenday period of a month～early June in May at the Alpine-arctic Pastoral seedtime.
Fertilizing amount: make base manure with phosphoric acid diamines or sheep manure during sowing, phosphoric acid diamines amount of application 150kg/hm2～300kg/hm2; Shooting stage of tillering is topdressed 1 time consumption 75kg/hm2～150kg/hm2 with urea.
Embodiment 2
Breed combination: Elymus nutans+green grass or young crops is herded siberian wildrye No. 1
Seed quality: cleanliness 100%, germination rate 100%
The mixed seeding ratio: each grass seeds ratio is the 1/N of the amount of broadcasting during mixed seeding, and N is mixed seeding grass seeds number (present embodiment N is 2).
Seeding quantity: the amount of broadcasting of each grass seeds is a 1/2* clean culture amount during mixed seeding, and the amount of broadcasting sowing is 22.5kg/hm
2～30kg/hm
2, the drilling amount is 15kg/hm
2～22.5kg/hm
2
The suitable black earth beach type of using: soil thickness more than 20cm, the gradient is less than 7 ° beach black earth beach deteriorate grassland
Agronomic measures: drilling: mill → fertilising → mechanical planting → suppression kills mouse → turn over → harrows; 2. broadcast sowing: kill mouse → turn over → apply fertilizer → harrow and grind → broadcast sowing → earthing → suppression.
Sowing depth: 2cm-3cm.
Sowing time: should be in the first tenday period of a month～early June in May at the Alpine-arctic Pastoral seedtime.
Fertilizing amount: make base manure with phosphoric acid diamines or sheep manure during sowing, phosphoric acid diamines amount of application 150kg/hm2～300kg/hm2; Shooting stage of tillering is topdressed 1 time consumption 75kg/hm2～150kg/hm2 with urea.
Embodiment 3
Breed combination: Elymus nutans+Qinghai elymus breviaristatus+green grass or young crops is herded siberian wildrye No. 1
Seed quality: cleanliness 100%, germination rate 100%
The mixed seeding ratio: the 1/N that various grass seeds ratios are the amount of broadcasting during mixed seeding, N are mixed seeding grass seeds number (present embodiment N is 3).
Seeding quantity: the amount of broadcasting of various grass seeds is a 1/3* clean culture amount during mixed seeding, and the amount of broadcasting sowing is 22.5kg/hm
2～30kg/hm
2, the drilling amount is 15kg/hm
2～22.5kg/hm
2
The suitable black earth beach type of using: soil thickness more than 20cm, the gradient is less than 7 ° beach black earth beach deteriorate grassland
Agronomic measures: drilling: mill → fertilising → mechanical planting → suppression kills mouse → turn over → harrows; 2. broadcast sowing: kill mouse → turn over → apply fertilizer → harrow and grind → broadcast sowing → earthing → suppression.
Sowing depth: 2cm-3cm.
Sowing time: should be in the first tenday period of a month～early June in May at the Alpine-arctic Pastoral seedtime.
Fertilizing amount: make base manure with phosphoric acid diamines or sheep manure during sowing, phosphoric acid diamines amount of application 150kg/hm
2～300kg/hm
2Shooting stage of tillering is topdressed 1 time consumption 75kg/hm with urea
2～150kg/hm
2
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.
Claims (1)
1. fit and to cut for one kind, it is characterized in that with type black earth beach sown pasture planting and establishing method:
(1) select the grass seeds combination, from following three kinds of combinations, select a kind of:
1. annual feed grass green grass or young crops is drawn No. 1+perennial grass green grass or young crops and herds siberian wildrye No. 1;
2. Elymus nutans+green grass or young crops is herded siberian wildrye No. 1;
3. Elymus nutans+Qinghai elymus breviaristatus+green grass or young crops is herded the siberian wildrye grass No. 1;
(2) mixed seeding ratio: the 1/N that various grass seeds ratios are the clean culture amount during mixed seeding, N are mixed seeding grass seeds number;
(3) seeding quantity: the amount of broadcasting that 1. makes up: broadcast sowing with the bar annual grass seeds sowing time amount of broadcasting and be 112.5kg/hm
2～150kg/hm
2, the amount of broadcasting of perennial grass seeds is 11.25kg/hm when broadcasting sowing
2～15kg/hm
2, bar sowing time is 7.5kg/hm
2～11.25kg/hm
22. and 3. the amount of broadcasting of combination: the amount of broadcasting sowing is 22.5kg/hm
2～30kg/hm
2, the drilling amount is 15kg/hm
2～22.5kg/hm
2More than to the requirement of seed quality be: cleanliness 100%, germination rate 100%;
(4) the suitable black earth beach type of using: soil thickness more than 20cm, the gradient is less than 7 ° of beach black earth beach deteriorate grasslands;
(5) agronomic measures: drilling: mill → fertilising → mechanical planting → suppression kills mouse → turn over → harrows; Broadcast sowing: kill mouse → turn over → apply fertilizer → harrow and grind → broadcast sowing → earthing → suppression;
(6) sowing depth: 2cm-3cm;
(7) sowing time: should be in the first tenday period of a month～early June in May at the Alpine-arctic Pastoral seedtime;
(8) fertilizing amount: make base manure with phosphoric acid diamines or sheep manure during sowing, phosphoric acid diamines amount of application 150kg/hm
2～300kg/hm
2Shooting stage of tillering is topdressed 1 time consumption 75kg/hm with urea
2～150kg/hm
2
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012100133451A CN102523882A (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | Method for establishing mowing-type artificial grassland on black soil beach |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100133451A CN102523882A (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | Method for establishing mowing-type artificial grassland on black soil beach |
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| CN102523882A true CN102523882A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103250537A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-21 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for modifying Tibet plateau alpine meadow grassland into mowing grassland |
| CN105145083A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-16 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Directional breeding and utilization method of cutting type organic natural pasture |
| CN105660148A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Desertification grassland recovery method |
| CN107278407A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-24 | 兰州大学 | A kind of method for preventing the secondary generation of Degenerated Meadow |
| CN111194666A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-26 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Method for recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting black soil mountain vegetation |
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| CN101278628A (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2008-10-08 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Combination of grass varieties suitable for restoring vegetation of black beach |
| CN101773026A (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for recovering development and production of vegetation of sandy pasture |
| CN102144461A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-08-10 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | Quick regenerating method for vegetation of returning farmland to grassland zone in extremely cold areas |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103250537A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-08-21 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for modifying Tibet plateau alpine meadow grassland into mowing grassland |
| CN105145083A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-16 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Directional breeding and utilization method of cutting type organic natural pasture |
| CN105660148A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Desertification grassland recovery method |
| CN105660148B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-04-19 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | A kind of Sandy Grassland restoration methods |
| CN107278407A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-24 | 兰州大学 | A kind of method for preventing the secondary generation of Degenerated Meadow |
| CN111194666A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-26 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | Method for recovering, utilizing and managing and protecting black soil mountain vegetation |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |