CN102523811A - Method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions - Google Patents
Method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN102523811A CN102523811A CN201210013807XA CN201210013807A CN102523811A CN 102523811 A CN102523811 A CN 102523811A CN 201210013807X A CN201210013807X A CN 201210013807XA CN 201210013807 A CN201210013807 A CN 201210013807A CN 102523811 A CN102523811 A CN 102523811A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizers to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions and in particular relates to a novel method for applying two chemical nitrogen fertilizers (urea and ammonium sulfate) to crops under no-tillage (minimum-tillage) cultivation conditions. An acrylamide-potassium-polyacrylate cross-linking copolymer (i.e. cross-linked polyacrylamide) is proportionally added into a chemical nitrogen fertilizer which is dissolved in water, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is adsorbed to form a reticular complex which can release nitrogen element in the fertilizer sustainedly after application, the complex is mixed with water-absorbent dry powders to form a dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex wettable powder formulation. The chemical nitrogen fertilizer and the cross-linking agent are conjugated to form the complex, which can achieve sustained release, reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizers, increase the fertilizer utilization rate and reduce environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in a kind of crop genetics field chemical nitrogen fertilizer and use new method, be specifically related to two kinds of chemical nitrogen fertilizers of a kind of urea and ammonium sulfate and exempt from the new method of using under (lacking) cultivation condition crop.
Background technology
The crop no-tillage cultivation is meant continuous 3 years not plowed soils, directly sows crop, the method for perhaps transplanting crop in the plate field.And within 1-2 plowed soils not, direct sowing crop in the plate field, the method for perhaps transplanting crop then is meant minimal tills cultivation.The no-tillage cultivation of the present invention definition comprises no-tillage cultivation and minimal tills cultivation, promptly is meant under plowed soils condition not, directly the method for plantation crop in the plate field.Crop is exempted under the condition of (lacking) cultivation crop, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied to soil surface, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer is used the back and run off easily, has reduced the application effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, even has caused the pollution of area source of environment.In recent years, what China was applying paddy rice, rape, corn, potatoes and other crops exempts from (lack) cultivation, year about 100,000,000 mu of area under cultivation.When exempting from (lacking) cultivation crop; Using of nitrogenous fertilizer is the problem that needs solve; Particularly on no-tillage nonirrigated farmland, use chemical nitrogen fertilizer, very easily cause the volatilization or the loss of fertilizer nutrient, therefore be necessary a new application process to be arranged using of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.It is to adopt the method for slow-release fertilizer that a kind of method is arranged at present, and this method has solved the problem of fertilizer slow release, but is running into moisture content more for a long time, because the embedding medium imbibition of slow-release fertilizer has part to be prone to cause breaking of release membranes, influences the application effect of slow-release fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has purpose to be to provide a kind of application process of new chemical nitrogen fertilizer; This method is with forming complex compound after chemical nitrogen fertilizer and the crosslinking agent complexing, thereby can slowly-releasing, can reduce the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer; Improve fertilizer utilization ratio, can support pollution simultaneously environment.
Chemical nitrogen fertilizer under the crop no-tillage cultivation crop condition is used new method, and its content is: utilize acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, i.e. cross-linked polyacrylamide physical adsorption and chemisorbed characteristic; With chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea; Ammonium sulfate) be dissolved in water, add cross-linked polyacrylamide by a certain percentage, chemical nitrogen fertilizer absorption back is formed netted complex compound; Make the fertilizer nitrogen use slowly release of back, thereby reach the nitrogen loss that reduces after the chemical nitrogen fertilizer face imposes on soil.Because cross-linked polyacrylamide is water insoluble, can not burn, nontoxic and non-corrosiveness, it is<0.5 millimeter granule or powder morphology: the perhaps irregular particle of particle diameter>=0.5 millimeter that its form has particle diameter.After cross-linked polyacrylamide was manured into soil, because the effect of ultraviolet light and edaphon begins degraded, its degradation product plant can directly utilize, and can not injure plant, also can not cause environmental pollution.
Urea can be water-soluble entirely, is not electrolyte, can mix mutually with any form of cross-linked polyacrylamide, and it does not have side effects to cross-linked polyacrylamide, can improve the urea availability greatly.Cross-linked polyacrylamide is tridimensional network under the nitrogenous fertilizer aqueous solution state; Through the effect of osmotic pressure and hydrophilic radical, the nitrogenous fertilizer water soluble materials is drawn into network structure, thereby the fertilizer nitrogen can slowly be discharged after using; Growing synchronously of its rate of release and crop; Can satisfy the needs of crop growth, can reach the purpose that reduces the chemical nitrogen fertilizer consumption in the no-tillage cultivation crop production again, to realize abridged edition crop production efficiently for nitrogen nutrient.
The chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium sulfate) that crop is exempted under (lacking) cultivation condition is used new method, comprises the preparation method and the field application process of urea and ammonium sulfate complex compound.
Cross-linked polyacrylamide is dissolved in water at normal temperatures according to a certain percentage; Simultaneously with chemical nitrogen fertilizer; Comprise that urea or ammonium sulfate also are dissolved in water at normal temperatures by a certain percentage; Add cross-linked polyacrylamide then by a certain percentage, fully stir, chemical nitrogen fertilizer absorption back is formed cancellated complex compound; Above-mentioned complex compound is added the dry medicinal powder of water imbibition (like rice chaff, wood chip, cottonseed cake, colza cake, soya-bean cake etc.) again absorb moisture content, thereby form the moistening pulvis of dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound.Therefore, when carrying out the crop no-tillage cultivation, can effectively chemical nitrogen fertilizer directly be spread fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer,, improve the absorption rate of this season crop the fertilizer nitrogen to realize reducing the loss of fertilizer nitrogen.Further describe in the face of compound method down, may further comprise the steps:
In being dissolved in the chemical nitrogen fertilizer of water; Add acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing by a certain percentage; Be cross-linked polyacrylamide, chemical nitrogen fertilizer is adsorbed the back and forms netted complex compound, makes the fertilizer nitrogen use slowly release of back; Add the dry medicinal powder of water imbibition again at above-mentioned complex compound, to form the moistening pulvis of dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound.
The preparation method of urea complex is:
(1) is the ratio of 1000～1200 Ke ︰, 1000 ml waters according to Niao Su ︰ water, urea is dissolved in water, get aqueous solution of urea;
(2) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 7～10 gram cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form the aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(3) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add dry medicinal powder 450～500 grams of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form the urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state.
The preparation method of ammonium sulfate/urea complex is:
(1) is the ratio of 1000～1200 Ke ︰, 1000 ml waters according to Niao Su ︰ water, urea is dissolved in water, get aqueous solution of urea;
(2) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 12～15 gram cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form the aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(3) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add ammonium sulfate 500～600 grams, fully stir simultaneously, form ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(4) in per thousand milliliters of ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compound, add dry medicinal powder 500～550 grams of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form the ammonium sulfate/urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state.
The dry thing of said water imbibition comprises rice chaff, wood chip, cottonseed cake, colza cake, one or more of soya-bean cake.
The application process of complexing nitrogenous fertilizer, before seeding crops or transplanting, soil directly directly spreads fertilizer over the fields the moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound in no-tillage soil surface without stirring; The moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound generally is to plant preceding 1 day afternoon in shoot transplanting equipment or throwing to use, and throws next day to transplant rice seedlings, perhaps transplanting rice, rape, seeding corn and other crops; Or use 1 day afternoon prior to seeding, directly sow paddy rice, rape, seeding corn and other crops next day.The amount of application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer can be confirmed amount of application according to the crop sequences fertilizer requirement.
This method has easy and simple to handle, and the easy embedding of fertilizer after the embedding, because of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is to be attracted in the embedding medium, is difficult for being broken by imbibition, thereby has improved result of use, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer also is difficult for running off.
Embodiment
Embodiment provided by the invention just does further description to the present invention, is not to further qualification of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:Take by weighing chemical nitrogen fertilizer such as urea 1150 grams, add 1000 milliliters of dissolvings at normal temperatures of entry; Take by weighing acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium 8.5 grams again; Join aqueous solution of urea, both stir, and the limit edged stirs; Urea and acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium can form netted complex compound; Add about 500 grams of the dry medicinal powder of water imbibition then, absorb moisture, form the moistening pulvis of dispersible urea complex.
Embodiment 2:Take by weighing chemical nitrogen fertilizer such as urea 1150 grams, add 1000 milliliters of dissolvings at normal temperatures of entry; Take by weighing acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium 8.5 grams again, join aqueous solution of urea, form the aqueous solution of urea urea complex; Taking by weighing chemical nitrogen fertilizer sulfuric acid amine 550 grams again joins in the aqueous solution of urea complex compound; Both stir; The limit edged stirs, and ammonium sulfate and urea and acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium can form netted complex compound, adds about 500 grams of the dry medicinal powder of water imbibition then; Absorb moisture, form the moistening pulvis of dispersible ammonium sulfate/urea complex.
Embodiment 3:The experiment in cultivation of double cropping late rice no-tillage cast-transplanted was carried out in the Agricultural University Of Hunan proving ground in 2010.Previous crops is two season early rice, gathers in July 15.Late rice is adopted the plastic floppy disk seedling, sowing on June 20, and the excellent China in kind sky accounts for.Soaked 1 day with shallow irrigation in rice field, early rice harvesting back, and face table soil directly is applied to the paddy soil surface with the urea complexation medicinal powder by 35 kilograms every mu (nitrogen contents about 20%) when moistening (not showing water layer) when the field.Throw the rice shoot (perhaps transplanting rice rice shoot) that transplants rice seedlings next day behind nitrogen application, and other field management measure carries out according to local rice high yield cultivation method.The result shows that paddy growth is sane, and it is about 10% that rate of tillering panicle improves, and output increases more than 5%, reduces nitrogen fertilizer amount about 20%.
Embodiment 4:The double-low rapeseed zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating is tested in 2010 and is being carried out in the Agricultural University Of Hunan proving ground.One season of previous crops semilate rice, gathered in October 7.Rape adopts no-tillage and direct-seeding, sowing on October 8, No. 15, kind Hunan oil.Rice field, semilate rice harvesting back table soil sprays the paraquat herbicide solution, and next day is fine, irrigates the moistening soil of horse race water (if run into overcast and rainy, then need not pour water), keeps ground moistening.When face table soil is moistening in the field, the moistening pulvis of ammonium sulfate complex compound directly is applied to the paddy soil surface by 30 kilograms every mu (nitrogen contents about 24%).Directly sow rape next day behind nitrogen application, and other field management measure carries out according to local rape high yield cultivation method.The result shows that growth of rape is sane, and it is about 5% that output increases, and reduces nitrogen fertilizer amount about 25%.
Claims (5)
1. the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under the crop no-tillage cultivation condition; It is characterized in that: in being dissolved in the chemical nitrogen fertilizer of water; Add acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing by a certain percentage, promptly cross-linked polyacrylamide forms netted chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound after chemical nitrogen fertilizer is adsorbed; Make the fertilizer nitrogen use slowly release of back; Add the dry medicinal powder of water imbibition again at above-mentioned complex compound, to form the moistening pulvis of dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound, described chemical nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea or ammonium sulfate.
2. the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under the crop no-tillage cultivation condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of urea complex is:
(1) is the ratio of 1000～1200 Ke ︰, 1000 ml waters according to Niao Su ︰ water, urea is dissolved in water, get aqueous solution of urea;
(2) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 7～10 gram cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form the aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(3) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add dry medicinal powder 450～500 grams of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form the urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state.
3. the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under the crop no-tillage cultivation condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of ammonium sulfate complex compound is:
(1) is the ratio of 1000～1200 Ke ︰, 1000 ml waters according to Niao Su ︰ water, urea is dissolved in water, get aqueous solution of urea;
(2) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 12～15 gram cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form the aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(3) in per thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add ammonium sulfate 500～600 grams, fully stir simultaneously, form ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(4) in per thousand milliliters of ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compound, add dry medicinal powder 500～550 grams of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form the ammonium sulfate/urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state.
4. according to the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described crop no-tillage cultivation conditions, it is characterized in that: the dry thing of water imbibition comprises rice chaff, wood chip, cottonseed cake, colza cake, one or more of soya-bean cake.
5. the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under the crop no-tillage cultivation condition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: before seeding crops or transplanting, soil directly directly spreads fertilizer over the fields the moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound in no-tillage soil surface without stirring; The moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound generally is to plant preceding 1 day afternoon in shoot transplanting equipment or throwing to use, and throws next day to transplant rice seedlings, perhaps transplanting rice, rape, seeding corn and other crops; Or use 1 day afternoon prior to seeding, directly sow paddy rice, rape, seeding corn and other crops next day.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210013807.XA CN102523811B (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | Method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions |
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| CN201210013807.XA CN102523811B (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | Method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions |
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| CN102523811A true CN102523811A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102523811B CN102523811B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014018070A1 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Antidrift composition |
| CN105272474A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-27 | 潘发全 | Manufacturing method for low-cost controlled-release chemical fertilizer |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1446779A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2003-10-08 | 潘印桥 | Macromolecule fertilizer |
| CN1605580A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-13 | 白银市技术开发服务中心 | Liquid slow releasing compound fertilizer |
| CN101037368A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-19 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Biological biodegradable self-control slow-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1446779A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2003-10-08 | 潘印桥 | Macromolecule fertilizer |
| CN1605580A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-13 | 白银市技术开发服务中心 | Liquid slow releasing compound fertilizer |
| CN101037368A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-19 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Biological biodegradable self-control slow-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 何绪生等: "保水剂与肥料互作及保水缓/控释肥料研究进展", 《土壤通报》, vol. 37, no. 4, 31 August 2006 (2006-08-31), pages 799 - 803 * |
| 宋宝兴: "高分子材料在旱地作物生产中的应用基础研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库-农业科技辑》, no. 3, 15 March 2008 (2008-03-15), pages 043 - 2 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014018070A1 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Antidrift composition |
| CN104582479A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2015-04-29 | 莫门蒂夫性能材料股份有限公司 | Antidrift composition |
| US9034960B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2015-05-19 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Antidrift composition |
| AU2012385951B2 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2016-09-08 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Antidrift composition |
| CN104582479B (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2017-04-12 | 莫门蒂夫性能材料股份有限公司 | Antidrift composition |
| CN105272474A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-27 | 潘发全 | Manufacturing method for low-cost controlled-release chemical fertilizer |
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| CN102523811B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
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