Sulfur hexafluoride gas-insulating electrical equipment surface of contact is crossed the analogue means of hot fault
Technical field
The invention belongs to sulfur hexafluoride (SF
6) the state of insulation on-line monitoring technique field of gas insulated electric apparatus, be specifically related to SF
6Gas insulated electric apparatus is crossed the analogue means of hot fault.
Background technology
SF
6Gas insulated electric apparatus is with SF
6Gas is as insulating medium, has dielectric strength height, stable, advantage such as floor area is little and maintenance workload is little, in electric system, especially the big and medium-sized cities power grid construction with transform in obtain using more and more widely.But see that from ruuning situation in recent years its inner inevitably defective still can cause fault and constantly enlarge along with the growth of working time, in case SF takes place fault
6Gas insulated electric apparatus is because its all-closed combined structure makes that the execution of localization of fault and service work is very difficult; And with the separate type apparatus in comparison; The average interruption maintenance time of its accident is longer, power failure is wider, usually causes great economic loss thus.SF
6The fault mode of gas insulated electric apparatus mainly contains mechanical fault, cross three types of hot fault and discharge property faults, and later two kinds is main, and mechanical fault often shows with the form of crossing hot fault and discharge property fault.SF
6The hot fault of the mistake of gas insulated electric apparatus normally because loose contact etc. are former thereby make the thermal stress of equipment surpass normal value, causes insulation accelerated deterioration, and surface of contact is crossed hot fault and related generally to SF
6Surface of contact between gas insulated electric apparatus median generatrix and the connector.It is too high that the initial stage that crosses hot fault generally shows as lasting local temperature, causes the main insulating medium SF in the equipment
6Gas issues estranged separating in the effect of localized hyperthermia, and with the oxygen (O that wherein mixes
2), water vapor (H
2O) and the metallics at thermal source place react, generate as fluoridize sulfonyl (SO
2F
2), fluoridize thionyl (SOF
2), carbon dioxide (CO
2) wait product, and the temperature (energy) at these characteristic products that generated and trouble spot place exists extremely close relation.Therefore, can obtain the relation of characteristics of decomposition product and temperature, extract the characteristic quantity that can characterize source of trouble temperature (energy), and disclose the overheated SF of causing on this basis through monitoring to decomposing the characteristic product that is generated
6The essence of decomposing is improved SF
6Resolution theory is for realizing SF
6The status monitoring of gas insulated electric apparatus and fault diagnosis provide the theoretical foundation of science, promote SF
6Gas insulated electric apparatus The design of on-line monitoring system and improvement improve power department and judge SF
6The ability of gas insulated electric apparatus insulation status, thus the generation of the accident of having a power failure on a large scale avoided, so development SF
6Gas insulated electric apparatus is crossed the analogue means of hot fault, is to guarantee safe operation of power system, guarantees one of important means that national product normally carries out.
Existing SF
6The analogue experiment installation of gas insulated electric apparatus fault; Like the patent No. is " sulfur hexafluoride discharge decomposition components analytic system and method for application thereof " patent of ZL200710078493.0, and disclosed system comprises that mainly the dizzy testing transformer of Regulation Control platform, isolating transformer, nothing, no office put protective resistance, capacitive divider, noninductive resistance, matched impedance, oscillograph, gas chromatograph.The major defect of this patent is: can only be to SF
6The partial discharges fault that takes place in the gas insulated electric apparatus is simulated, can not be to SF
6The local overheating property fault that takes place in the gas insulated electric apparatus is simulated.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to existing SF
6The deficiency of the fault simulation experimental provision of gas insulated electric apparatus provides a kind of SF
6The analogue means of the hot fault of mistake of gas insulated electric apparatus can be at laboratory simulation SF
6SF such as gas insulated electric apparatus
6In various degree surface of contact is crossed hot fault in the gas insulated electric apparatus, and obtains decomposed gas component and the data of content thereof under the reflection surface of contact overheating fault, is further to improve assessment SF
6The insulation of electrical installation state provides reliable experiment basis.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of SF
6The gas insulated electric apparatus surface of contact is crossed the analogue means of hot fault, mainly comprises Switching Power Supply, solid-state relay, crosses hot fault simulation element, intelligent digital humidostat and gas chromatograph.
The input end of described Switching Power Supply (commercial product) is electrically connected with the city of 220V/50Hz through lead; (voltage is 12V to the output terminal of said Switching Power Supply; Maximum current is 10A) positive pole through lead and after the positive pole of said solid-state relay output terminal is connected; The negative pole of said solid-state relay output terminal is connected with the positive pole of the heater binding post of the hot fault simulation element of described mistake through lead; The negative pole of the output terminal of described Switching Power Supply is connected with the negative pole of the heater binding post of the hot fault simulation element of described mistake through lead, with thinking that the heater of overheated property fault simulation element provides required low-voltage DC.
The control end of described solid-state relay (commercial product) is connected with the control signal output ends of described intelligent digital humidostat through lead; In order to receive the output signal of intelligent digital humidostat; Control is transmitted to the heater of the hot fault simulation element of described mistake by the direct current energy that Switching Power Supply produces, thereby realizes the surface heat temperature of described heater is regulated.
The input end of described intelligent digital humidostat (commercial product) is connected with the temperature sensor binding post of the hot fault simulation element of described mistake through lead; Temperature signal in order to the heater that receives the hot fault simulation element of the detected mistake of described heater temperature sensor; The output terminal of described intelligent digital humidostat is connected with the input end of described solid-state relay through lead, in order to the conducting and the shutoff of control solid-state relay.
The hot fault simulation element of described mistake is mainly by cylinder body, heater, heater temperature sensor, vacuum pump and vacuum pump ball valve, SF
6Gas cylinder, air inlet ball valve and sampling ball valve constitute.The material of described cylinder body is a stainless steel, and the internal diameter that is shaped as of described cylinder body is that 40~50cm, thickness are 0.8~1.5cm, highly are bottom sealing cylindrical of 60~80cm.Bottom at a sidewall of described cylinder body is provided with the through hole that an aperture is 1.5~2cm (being aspirating hole).Described vacuum pump is communicated with aspirating hole through described vacuum pump ball valve and stainless-steel tube, in order to vacuumizing in the cylinder body.Top at a sidewall of described cylinder body is provided with the through hole that an aperture is 1.5~2cm (being air admission hole), and an end of described air inlet ball valve is communicated with air admission hole through the stainless steel draft tube, and the other end of described air inlet ball valve passes through plastic catheter and described SF
6Gas cylinder is communicated with, in order to SF
6Gas delivery is gone into cylinder body; Described gas chromatograph is communicated with the stainless steel draft tube through plastic catheter and sampling ball valve and stainless-steel tube, measures SF in order to detect
6Gas is at decomposition components and the content thereof crossed under the hot fault.On the aspirating hole and the sidewall between the air admission hole of described cylinder body; The through hole that one aperture is 1.5~2cm (being the pressure vacuum gauge hole) is set; Described pressure vacuum gauge is communicated with the pressure vacuum gauge hole through described pressure vacuum gauge ball valve and stainless-steel tube, in order to vacuum tightness and the SF in monitoring and the demonstration cylinder body
6The pressure of gas.The manhole that in the center of the bottom of described cylinder body two apertures to be set be 0.5~0.7cm; And through epoxy resin two temperature sensor binding posts are separately fixed in these two through holes respectively, in order to guarantee the insulation between temperature sensor binding post and cylinder body.The manhole that above the sidewall aspirating hole of described cylinder body, two apertures to be set be 0.5~0.7cm; And through epoxy resin two temperature sensor binding posts are separately fixed in these two through holes respectively, in order to guarantee the insulation between temperature sensor binding post and cylinder body.Described two heater binding posts are positioned at an end of described cylinder body; Be connected with the two poles of the earth of described heater respectively through the hard copper cash respectively; Described heater is through the insulation column on the inwall that is fixed in described cylinder body and be positioned the middle part of the axial centre of described cylinder body; Described two heater binding posts are positioned at the outer end of described cylinder body; Be connected with the negative pole of described Switching Power Supply and the output terminal of described solid-state relay respectively through lead respectively, so that the heater of described Switching Power Supply in described cylinder body provides direct current energy.The material of described heater is or aluminium or cathode copper, in order to simulation SF
6The gas insulated electric apparatus material, to guarantee the authenticity and the accuracy of simulation, the diameter that is shaped as of described heater (ordering products) is that 1.5~5cm, thickness are the right cylinder of 6~16cm, in order to simulation SF
6The gas insulated electric apparatus shape is to guarantee the authenticity and the accuracy of simulation.Middle part at described heater one side surface is provided with the heater temperature sensor; In order to detect the temperature of heater; One end of the described cylinder body that the two ends of described heater temperature sensor are positioned at described two temperature sensor binding posts respectively through the insulated copper lead respectively is connected; The outer end of the described cylinder body that described two temperature sensor binding posts are positioned at is connected with the input end of described intelligent digital humidostat through lead respectively, is sent to the outer intelligent digital humidostat of cylinder body in order to the temperature signal with the detected heater of described heater temperature sensor.Above the sidewall of described cylinder body is positioned at air admission hole, a unit temp sensor is set, in order to the temperature of monitoring cylinder body, to guarantee hot fault simulation element and experimenter's safety.Open upper end place at described cylinder body; An affixed diameter is that 50~60cm, thickness are the flange of the stainless steel of 0.8~1.5cm; Described flange is that the sealing of stainless steel of 1.2~1.5cm is connected through O RunddichtringO and bolt and diameter 50~60cm, thickness; In order to guaranteeing the sealing of described cylinder body, thus with the influence of avoiding interference gas in the environment guarantee simulated experiment accurately.In the bottom of described cylinder body along the outside on the face of cylinder affixed 3~4 feets that length is 8~10cm uniformly, in order to support and protection cylinder body, handled easily and monitoring.
Described gas chromatograph (commercial product) is in order to detect the SO of ppmv level
2F
2, SOF
2, sulphuric dioxide (SO
2) wait SF
6The various decomposition gas products of gas and air, carbon tetrafluoride (CF
4), H
2Gaseous impurities and detection SF such as O
6SO in the decomposing gas gas composition
2F
2, SOF
2, CO
2, CF
4Deng content.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following effect:
1. can simulate SF
6Surface of contact is crossed hot fault in the gas insulated electric apparatus, has remedied existing through detecting SF
6Decomposed gas component assessment SF
6The experimental provision and the apparatus for evaluating of electrical equipment state are not considered SF
6Cross the deficiency that has this respect of hot fault in the gas insulated electric apparatus, improved SF
6The accuracy of gas insulated electric apparatus fault judgement.
2. the present invention can simulate SF
6Surface of contact is crossed hot fault in the gas insulated electric apparatus, and the accuracy of simulation is high, and the precision of detection is high.
3. heater material aluminium or the cathode copper in apparatus of the present invention can real simulated SF
6The gas insulated electric apparatus material, being shaped as of heater is cylindrical, and the temperature of heater is 200~600 ℃, can real simulated SF
6Surface of contact is crossed the common situation of hot fault in the gas insulated electric apparatus, thereby further improves the accuracy and the degree of accuracy of simulation.
4. apparatus of the present invention are provided with the heater temperature sensor, have realized the monitoring to the heater temperature, and the hot malfunction of different mistakes that accurately occurs in the analog machine guarantees the accuracy of simulating.
5. be provided with the unit temp sensor in apparatus of the present invention, the temperature of monitoring cylinder body that can be promptly and accurately guaranteed hot fault simulation element and experimenter's safety.
6. apparatus of the present invention is simple in structure, and cost is low.
The present invention can be widely used in SF
6The simulation of local overheating property fault is specially adapted to SF in the gas insulated electric apparatus
6Surface of contact is crossed the simulation of hot fault in the gas insulated electric apparatus equipment, in scientific research, teaching, institute and device fabrication producer and the electric system to SF
6Theoretical analysis and applied research that gas insulated electric apparatus equipment presence detects provide a kind of method and experiment porch that is simple and easy to usefulness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the hot fault simulation element of the mistake of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2.
Among the figure: 1, Switching Power Supply, 2, solid-state relay, 3, cross hot fault simulation element, 4, the intelligent digital humidostat, 5, gas chromatograph; 6, seal 7, the O RunddichtringO, 8, cylinder body, 9, heater, 10, the heater temperature sensor; 11, temperature sensor binding post, 12, the heater binding post, 13, the vacuum pump ball valve, 14, vacuum pump; 15, feet, 16, the sampling ball valve, 17, the air inlet ball valve, 18, SF
6Gas cylinder, 19, the unit temp sensor, 20, pressure vacuum gauge, 21, the pressure vacuum gauge ball valve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1~3, a kind of SF
6Gas insulated electric apparatus is crossed the analogue means of hot fault, mainly comprises Switching Power Supply 1, solid-state relay 2, excessively hot fault simulation element 3, intelligent digital humidostat 4 and gas chromatograph 5.
The input end of described Switching Power Supply 1 (commercial product) is electrically connected with the city of 220V/50Hz through lead; (voltage is 12V to the output terminal of said Switching Power Supply 1; Maximum current is 10A) positive pole be connected with the positive pole of said solid-state relay 2 output terminals through lead; The negative pole of said solid-state relay 2 output terminals is connected with the positive pole of the temperature sensor binding post 11 of the hot fault simulation element 3 of described mistake through lead; The negative pole of the output terminal of described Switching Power Supply 1 is connected with the negative pole of the temperature sensor binding post 11 of the hot fault simulation element 3 of described mistake through lead, with thinking that the heater 9 of overheated property fault simulation element 3 provides required low-voltage DC.
The control end of described solid-state relay 2 (commercial product) is connected with the control signal output ends of described intelligent digital humidostat 4 through lead; In order to receive the output signal of intelligent digital humidostat 4; Control is transmitted to the heater 9 of the hot fault simulation element 3 of described mistake by the direct current energy that Switching Power Supply 1 produces, thereby realizes the temperature of described heater 9 is regulated.
The input end of described intelligent digital humidostat 4 (commercial product) is connected with the heater binding post 12 of the hot fault simulation element 3 of described mistake through lead; Temperature signal in order to the heater 9 that receives the hot fault simulation element 3 of described heater temperature sensor 10 detected mistakes; The output terminal of described intelligent digital humidostat 4 is connected with the input end of described solid-state relay 2 through lead, in order to the conducting and the shutoff of control solid-state relay 2.
The hot fault simulation element 3 of described mistake is mainly by cylinder body 8, heater 9, heater temperature sensor 10, vacuum pump 14 and vacuum pump ball valve 13, SF
6Gas cylinder 18, air inlet ball valve 17 and sampling ball valve 16 constitute.The material of described cylinder body 8 is a stainless steel, and the internal diameter that is shaped as of described cylinder body 8 is that 40cm, thickness are 0.8cm, cylindrical for the sealing of the bottom of 60cm highly.Bottom at a sidewall of described cylinder body 8 is provided with the through hole that an aperture is 1.5cm (being aspirating hole).Described vacuum pump 14 is communicated with aspirating hole with stainless-steel tube through described vacuum pump ball valve 13, in order to vacuumizing in the cylinder body 8.The through hole that one aperture is 1.5cm (being air admission hole) is set on the top of described cylinder body 8 another sidewalls; One end of described air inlet ball valve 17 is communicated with air admission hole through the stainless steel draft tube, and the other end of described air inlet ball valve 17 is through plastic catheter and described SF
6Gas cylinder 18 is communicated with, in order to SF
6Gas delivery is gone in the cylinder body 8; Described gas chromatograph 5 is communicated with the stainless steel draft tube through plastic catheter and sampling ball valve 16 and stainless-steel tube, measures SF in order to detect
6Decomposition components and the content thereof of gas under overheating fault.On the aspirating hole and the sidewall between the air admission hole of described cylinder body 8; The through hole that one aperture is 1.5cm (being the pressure vacuum gauge hole) is set; Described pressure vacuum gauge 20 is communicated with the pressure vacuum gauge hole with stainless-steel tube through described pressure vacuum gauge ball valve 21, in order to vacuum tightness and the SF in monitoring and the demonstration cylinder body 8
6The pressure of gas.The manhole that in the center of the bottom of described cylinder body 8 two apertures to be set be 0.5cm, and through epoxy resin two heater binding posts 12 are separately fixed in these two through holes respectively, in order to guarantee the insulation of 8 of heater binding post 12 and cylinder bodies.The manhole that above the sidewall aspirating hole of described cylinder body 8, two apertures to be set be 0.5cm; And through epoxy resin two heater binding posts 12 are separately fixed in these two through holes respectively, in order to guarantee the insulation of 8 of heater binding post 12 and cylinder bodies.Described two temperature sensor binding posts 11 are positioned at an end of described cylinder body 8; Be connected with the two poles of the earth of described heater 9 respectively through the hard copper cash respectively; Described heater 9 is through the insulation column on the inwall that is fixed in described cylinder body 8 and be positioned the middle part of the axial centre of described cylinder body 8; Described two heater binding posts 12 are positioned at the outer end of described cylinder body; Be connected with the negative pole of described Switching Power Supply 1 and the output terminal of described solid-state relay 2 respectively through lead respectively, so that the heater 9 of described Switching Power Supply 1 in described cylinder body 8 provides direct current energy.The material of described heater 9 is an aluminium, in order to simulation SF
6The material of gas insulated electric apparatus, to guarantee the authenticity and the accuracy of simulation, the diameter that is shaped as of described heater 9 (ordering products) is that 1.5~5cm, thickness are the right cylinder of 6~16cm.Middle part at described heater 9 one side surfaces is provided with heater temperature sensor 10; In order to detect the temperature of heater 9; One end of the described cylinder body 8 that the two ends of described heater temperature sensor 10 are positioned at described two heater binding posts 12 respectively through the insulated copper lead respectively is connected; The described cylinder body 8 outer ends that described two heater binding posts 12 are positioned at are connected with the input end of described intelligent digital humidostat 4 through lead respectively, are sent to the intelligent digital humidostat 4 outside the cylinder body 8 in order to the temperature signal with described heater temperature sensor 10 detected heaters 9.Above the sidewall of described cylinder body 8 is positioned at air admission hole, a unit temp sensor 19 is set, in order to the temperature of monitoring cylinder body 8, to guarantee hot fault simulation element 3 and experimenter's safety.Open upper end place at described cylinder body 8; An affixed diameter is that 50cm, thickness are the flange of the stainless steel of 0.8cm; Described flange is that the sealing of stainless steel of 1.2cm 6 is connected through O RunddichtringO 7 and bolt and diameter 50cm, thickness; In order to guaranteeing the sealing of described cylinder body 8, thus with the influence of avoiding interference gas in the environment guarantee simulated experiment accurately.The feet 15 that uniform affixed 4 length are 9cm along the outside on the face of cylinder in the bottom of described cylinder body 8 is in order to support and protection cylinder body 8, handled easily and monitoring.
Described gas chromatograph 5 (commercial product) can detect the SO of ppmv level
2F
2, SOF
2, sulphuric dioxide (SO
2) wait various SF
6Discharge decomposition gas product and air, carbon tetrafluoride (CF
4), H
2Gaseous impuritieies such as O are in order to detect SF
6SO in the decomposed gas component
2F
2, SOF
2, CO
2, CF
4Deng content.
Embodiment 2
A kind of SF
6Gas insulated electric apparatus is crossed the analogue means of hot fault, with embodiment 1, wherein: described cylinder body 8 be shaped as internal diameter be 45cm, thickness be 1.2cm, highly for 70cm.Bottom at a sidewall of described cylinder body 8 is provided with the through hole that an aperture is 1.7cm (being aspirating hole).The through hole that one aperture is 1.7cm (being air admission hole) is set on the top of described cylinder body 8 another sidewalls.On the aspirating hole and the sidewall between the air admission hole of described cylinder body 8, the through hole that an aperture is 1.7cm (being the pressure vacuum gauge hole) is set.The manhole that in the center of the bottom of described cylinder body 8 two apertures to be set be 0.6cm.The manhole that above the sidewall aspirating hole of described cylinder body 8, two apertures to be set be 0.6cm.The material of described heater 9 is a cathode copper, and the diameter that is shaped as of described heater 9 is 3cm, and thickness is the right cylinder of 8cm.At the open upper end place of described cylinder body 8, an affixed diameter be 55cm, thickness be 1.2cm flange 6, described 5 diameter 55cm, the thickness of sealing is 1.3cm.The length of 3 feets 15 in bottom of described cylinder body 8 is 8cm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of SF
6Gas insulated electric apparatus is crossed the analogue means of hot fault, with embodiment 1, wherein: described cylinder body 8 be shaped as internal diameter be 50cm, thickness be 1.5cm, highly for 80cm.Bottom at a sidewall of described cylinder body 8 is provided with the through hole that an aperture is 12cm (being aspirating hole).The through hole that one aperture is 2cm (being air admission hole) is set on the top of described cylinder body 8 another sidewalls.On the aspirating hole and the sidewall between the air admission hole of described cylinder body 8, the through hole that an aperture is 2cm (being the pressure vacuum gauge hole) is set.The manhole that in the center of the bottom of described cylinder body 8 two apertures to be set be 0.7cm.The manhole that above the sidewall aspirating hole of described cylinder body 8, two apertures to be set be 0.7cm.The material of described heater 9 is a cathode copper, and the diameter that is shaped as of described heater 9 is 5cm, and thickness is the right cylinder of 16cm.At the open upper end place of described cylinder body 8, an affixed diameter is that 60cm, thickness are the flange of the stainless steel of 1.5cm, and described 5 diameter 60cm, the thickness of sealing is 1.5cm.The length of 4 feets 15 in bottom of described cylinder body 8 is 10cm.