CN102515896A - Fermented cake fertilizer, its preparation method and application - Google Patents
Fermented cake fertilizer, its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fermented cake fertilizer, its preparation method and application. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a fermented cake fertilizer which is suitable for tobacco growth. The fermented cake fertilizer is characterized in that a bean cake is subject to microbial strain fermentation, then macro-molecular compounds in the cake fertilizer are converted into micro-molecular compounds, nitrogen in protein is converted into amino acid to release nitrogen in the cake fertilizer in advance, thus the releasing rule of nitrogen is consistent with the nitrogen absorption rule of tobacco; and microbes generate protease in the process of growth, fermented materials are put in water, protease converts protein in the bean cake into amino acid or micro-molecular nitrogen containing compounds, plants can directly adsorb amino acid, or the micro-molecular nitrogen containing compounds are easy to be converted into absorbable nitrogen of plants in soil. According to the invention, the purpose of improving the tobacco quality can be achieved, and simultaneously the effects of increasing soil biological activity, improving soil structure, and raising soil fertility are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fermentation cake fertilizer, and its production and application, particularly a kind of fermentation cake fertilizer that is used for leaf tobacco production belongs to the fertilizer manufacture field.
Background technology
Domestic The experimental results shows; Cake fertilizer (soya-bean cake, rapeseed cake, peanut cake) has the effect that improves quality of tobacco; Increase oil content, the raising tobacco incense tolerance of tobacco leaf; Coordinate chemical ingredients, increase effects such as tobacco leaf industrial applicability, cake fertilizer is unique sure organic fertilizer in the present leaf tobacco production of China.The common application process of cake fertilizer be with soybean (soya-bean cake) through using behind the simple fermentation reactor system, its fermenting process mainly be with cake fertilizer be soaked in water or heat after be soaked in water, stack spontaneous fermentation and use after 7-30 days, the consumption of cake fertilizer general every mu at the 10-15 kilogram.The tobacco leaf of the using cake fertilizer normally appearance color of tobacco leaf is darker, and oil content is good, preserves moisture and reduces the broken leaf breaking degree, and the tobacco grower generally accepts tobacco planting and uses certain cake fertilizer.
But using common cake fertilizer at present has following deficiency: (1) transforms slower in soil because cake fertilizer is to belong to organic fertilizer; Nitrogen is in the dispose procedure in later stage in the cake fertilizer, and tobacco leaf has begun maturation, does not need the too much nitrogenous fertilizer of soil supply; Influenced tobacco leaf field ripening degree after using cake fertilizer like this; When particularly the cake fertilizer consumption is too high, cause tobacco leaf remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, reduce the quality of tobacco leaf on the contrary; (2) because the supply of cake fertilizer nitrogen is delayed, in the ripening stage of tobacco leaf, infect wildfire and red-star like disease easily, cause the underproduction, or have a strong impact on the grade of tobacco leaf, benefit reduces; (3) cigarette industry proves, use cake fertilizer after, can increase the fragrance of tobacco leaf, but increase the pungency and the assorted gas of tobacco leaf simultaneously, be unfavorable for using of cigarette industry so again; (4) because the tobacco grower takes spontaneous fermentation to cake fertilizer, and the result of fermentation also varies, the effect difference of cake fertilizer is bigger.Therefore, the effective utilization that how to improve cake fertilizer is that leaf tobacco production is had special meaning.
Summary of the invention
To the problem that exists in the prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of fermentation cake fertilizer that is more suitable for the tobacco leaf growth.Fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention is through the microbial strains (fungi of obligate decomposing soybean cake with soya-bean cake (soybean).) after the fermentation, macromolecular cpd in the cake fertilizer being become micromolecular compound, nitrogen transformation is an amino acid in the protein; Make that nitrogen discharges in advance in the cake fertilizer; Cause the releasing rule and the tobacco suction nitrogen rule of nitrogen to match, and mikrobe produce proteolytic enzyme in the process of growth; Fermentation materials is placed water; Proteolytic enzyme turns to amino acid or micromolecular nitrogenous compound with the protein transduction in the soya-bean cake, and plant can directly absorb amino acid, or the small molecules nitrogenous compound is prone to be converted into the absorbable nitrogen of plant in soil.Therefore the present invention can reach the purpose of improving quality of tobacco, has the biological activity of soil of increasing simultaneously, improves Soil structure, the action effect of increasing soil fertility.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technique means:
Based on above principle, the present invention proposes a kind of method for preparing the cake fertilizer that ferments, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) raw material sterilization: soya-bean cake mechanical disintegration, fineness are 1-3mm, use steam sterilizing then, cooling; Wheat bran is used steam sterilizing, cooling;
(2) inoculation: the wheat bran after will sterilizing is cooled to 30-40 ℃; Is 1 with fermented bacterium and wheat bran according to weight ratio: 1000-5: 1000 mixed is even; To connect the wheat bran of bacterial classification and the soya-bean cake after the sterilization then mixes; Wherein the wheat bran consumption is the 2%-5% of soya-bean cake weight, obtains postvaccinal soya-bean cake;
(3) fermentation: with the postvaccinal soya-bean cake that step (2) prepares, be put in the stainless steel bacterium dish, cultivate;
(4) hydrolysis: after treating that soya-bean cake in the bacterium dish all covers with, the soya-bean cake in the bacterium dish is placed in the hydrolytic tank, add water then, the reaction that is hydrolyzed obtains the soya-bean cake after the hydrolysis;
(5) absorption: by weight, with the soya-bean cake after the hydrolysis with humic acid and turfy soil according to soya-bean cake: humic acid: the ratio of turfy soil=1: 0.5: 0.5 is adsorbed, and puddles evenly, promptly gets described fermentation cake fertilizer.
Above-described a kind of method for preparing the cake fertilizer that ferments also can further comprise described fermentation cake fertilizer is placed will ferment cake fertilizer granulation oven dry of roller dryer.
In specific embodiment of the present invention, the steam sterilizing described in the step (1) is meant at 95 ℃ and continues sterilization 30 minutes.
In specific embodiment of the present invention, described soya-bean cake is a soybean cake.
In specific embodiment of the present invention, with postvaccinal soya-bean cake, be put in the Stainless Steel Disc in the step (3), the thickness of sabot is at 5-7cm.In specific embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation described in the step (3) is to cultivate in a temperature 20-25 ℃ culturing room, and the time is 36-48 hour, and bacterium dish temperature is not higher than 35 ℃.
In specific embodiment of the present invention, water and soya-bean cake weight are 1: 1 in the step (4), and the hydrolytic tank temperature is controlled at 20-40 ℃, and the time is 72 hours.
Described fermented bacterium is the fungi of obligate decomposing soybean cake; It can be used in macromolecular cpd in the cake fertilizer is become micromolecular compound; Nitrogen transformation is an amino acid in the protein; Make that nitrogen discharges in advance in the cake fertilizer, this purpose fungi that can reach all can be satisfied needs of the present invention, so can realize the present invention.Preferred described fermented bacterium is a black mold; In specific embodiment of the present invention; Described fermented bacterium is black mold (Aspergillus niger); Available from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, culture presevation is numbered 30173, also can buy from Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center (CGMCC) to obtain.
The used soya-bean cake of the present invention, wheat bran all can buy in the feed shop or flour mill is bought, and humic acid and turfy soil can be bought in supplier, also can excavate voluntarily.
The fermentation cake fertilizer for preparing by above arbitrary described method.
The soluble problem of fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention has: (1) cake fertilizer belongs to organic fertilizer; Whole character with organic fertilizer, that can improve tobacco rhizosphere answers the nutrient environment, promotes root growth and development; Increase root system and absorb the nutrient ability; Make soil nutrient supply and tobacco nutrition absorption balance, nontoxic without any side effects, safe in utilization; (2) solution improves the tobacco leaf visual appearance, increases the tobacco leaf oil content, and inherent chemical ingredients is coordinated, and improves the perfume quantity of tobacco leaf and improves tobacco incense makings; Use the cake fertilizer tobacco leaf, tobacco leaf color is distinct, and oil content increases, and soft and moist property is good; Elasticity is strong, and blade is difficult for broken, good hand touch during purchase; Grade is high, and is profitable, for the tobacco grower accepts extensively; (3) overcome the shortcoming of common cake fertilizer, efficiently solved and use the contradiction that nitrogen and flue-cured tobacco in the cake fertilizer need nitrogen, can increase the consumption of cake fertilizer in the production, it is more obvious that quality of tobacco is improved effect; (4) because the fermentation cake fertilizer is that raw material processes with pure soya-bean cake, be to produce the good fertilizer of ecological tobacco leaf, the excellent development application prospect is arranged in China's leaf tobacco production; (5) the fermentation cake fertilizer is produced in batch production, per 3 days production cycles, have the cycle weak point, and quality is high, can increase substantially production level, can carry out mass production; (6) use the fermentation cake fertilizer and can wholely improve China's quality of tobacco level.
Fermentation cake fertilizer product of the present invention can be carried out the NY525-2002 standard: (1), organic content (in butt), %>=30; (2), total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) content (in butt), %>=4.0; (3), moisture (free-water) content, %≤20; (4), acidity-basicity ph 5.5～8.0; (5) heavy metal content in the organic fertilizer, induced worm egg death rate and colititre index should meet the requirement of GB172.(6), oven dry temperature of charge :≤70 ℃; (7).
Fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention can be further used for preparing tobacco fertilizer.
Fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention also can be applicable to leaf tobacco production, to improve the quality and the output of tobacco leaf.
The invention has the advantages that compared to prior art: (1) is used the fermentation cake fertilizer and is compared with common cake fertilizer, when improving tabacco fragrance, has reduced the assorted gas and the enthusiasm of tobacco leaf; (2) consumption of raising cake fertilizer, fermentation cake fertilizer mu consumption can reach the 50-75 kilogram, more can further improve quality of tobacco; (3) use the fermentation cake fertilizer and can not cause tobacco leaf remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, reduce the risk that the tobacco grower produces; (4) the fermentation cake fertilizer can batch production production, reduces cost, improves the cake fertilizer quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram for preparing the cake fertilizer that ferments of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage of the present invention and characteristics will be more clear along with description.But these embodiment only are exemplary, scope of the present invention are not constituted any restriction.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and down can make amendment with form or replace without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these modifications and replacing all fall in protection scope of the present invention the details of technical scheme of the present invention.
Raw material: (oil expression back sub product is the soya-bean cake of conventional high-temperature oil expression to soybean cake by the purchase of northern high temperature oil pressing factory.), wheat bran can buy in the feed shop or flour mill is bought, and humic acid and turfy soil are bought in suppliers.
Bacterial classification: black mold (Aspergillus niger), available from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chinese agriculture microbial strains preservation administrative center, culture presevation is numbered 30173.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention prepares according to following method, and method flow diagram is as shown in Figure 1:
1, raw material sterilization: with the soybean cake mechanical disintegration, fineness is used steam sterilizing then at 2mm, and 95 ℃ continue 30 minutes postcooling; With the wheat bran sterilization, method is the same.
2, inoculation: when the wheat bran after will sterilizing is cooled to 35 ℃, be to mix at 2: 1000 according to weight ratio with black mold and wheat bran.The wheat bran consumption is 3% of a soya-bean cake weight.Connecting the wheat bran of bacterial classification and the soya-bean cake after the sterilization then mixes.
3, fermentation: with postvaccinal soya-bean cake, be put in the stainless steel bacterium dish, the thickness of sabot is cultivated as for 25 ℃ of culturing room of temperature between 5-7cm then, and the time is 40 hours, 35 ℃ of bacterium dish temperature.
4, hydrolysis: after treating that bacterium dish soya-bean cake all covers with, soya-bean cake in the bacterium dish is placed in the hydrolytic tank, add water then, water and soya-bean cake weight ratio are 1: 1, and the hydrolytic tank temperature is controlled at 30 ℃, and the time is 72 hours.
5, absorption: the soya-bean cake after the hydrolysis is adsorbed in 1: 0.5: 0.5 ratio with humic acid and turfy soil, puddle evenly.
6, granulation oven dry: dry in the roller dryer cake fertilizer granulation of will ferment.
7, packing: fermentation cake fertilizer after will drying and woven bag packing (finished product fertilizers).
Embodiment 2
A kind of fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention prepares according to following method:
1, raw material sterilization: with the soya-bean cake mechanical disintegration, fineness is used steam sterilizing then at 1mm, and 95 ℃ continue 30 minutes postcooling; With the wheat bran sterilization, method is the same.
2, inoculation: when the wheat bran after will sterilizing is cooled to 30 ℃, be to mix at 1: 1000 according to weight ratio with black mold and wheat bran.The wheat bran consumption is 2% of a soya-bean cake weight.Connecting the wheat bran of bacterial classification and the soya-bean cake after the sterilization then mixes.
3, fermentation: with postvaccinal soya-bean cake, be put in the stainless steel bacterium dish, the thickness of sabot is cultivated as for 20 ℃ of culturing room of temperature between 5-7cm then, and the time is 36 hours.20 ℃ of bacterium dish temperature.
4, hydrolysis: after treating that bacterium dish soya-bean cake all covers with, soya-bean cake in the bacterium dish is placed in the hydrolytic tank, add water then, water and soya-bean cake weight ratio are 1: 1, and the hydrolytic tank temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and the time is 72 hours.
5, absorption: the soya-bean cake after the hydrolysis is adsorbed in 1: 0.5: 0.5 ratio with humic acid and turfy soil, puddle and evenly promptly get the cake fertilizer that ferments.
Embodiment 3
A kind of fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention prepares according to following method:
1, raw material sterilization: with the soya-bean cake mechanical disintegration, fineness is used steam sterilizing then at 3mm, and 95 ℃ continue 30 minutes postcooling; With the wheat bran sterilization, method is the same.
2, inoculation: when the wheat bran after will sterilizing is cooled to 40 ℃, be to mix at 5: 1000 according to weight ratio with black mold and wheat bran.The wheat bran consumption is 5% of a soya-bean cake weight.Connecting the wheat bran of bacterial classification and the soya-bean cake after the sterilization then mixes.
3, fermentation: with postvaccinal soya-bean cake, be put in the stainless steel bacterium dish, the thickness of sabot is cultivated as for 25 ℃ of culturing room of temperature between 5-7cm then, and the time is 48 hours.30 ℃ of bacterium dish temperature.
4, hydrolysis: after treating that bacterium dish soya-bean cake all covers with, soya-bean cake in the bacterium dish is placed in the hydrolytic tank, add water then, water and soya-bean cake weight ratio are 1: 1, and the hydrolytic tank temperature is controlled at 40 ℃, and the time is 72 hours.
5, absorption: the soya-bean cake after the hydrolysis is adsorbed in 1: 0.5: 0.5 ratio with humic acid and turfy soil, puddle evenly.
6, granulation oven dry: dry in the roller dryer cake fertilizer granulation of will ferment.
7, packing: fermentation cake fertilizer after will drying and woven bag packing.
The result of use of embodiment 4 fermentation cake fertilizer of the present invention
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
Tested in 2010 and in Yongsheng township, Zhaozhou County, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province tobacco cultivation model field, carry out, the flue-cured tobacco crops for rotation are 4 years stubbles, and experimental cultivar is " Longjiang 911 ", and April 8, the greenhouse inner pallet was grown seedlings, and transplant May 8, transplant totally 17 weeks in back vegetative period.0-20cm soil fertility situation is soil organism 31.48gkg
-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 124.3mgkg
-1, rapid available phosphorus 11.5mgkg
-1, available potassium 161.6mgkg
-1, pH=7.8.(method according to embodiment 1 prepares the fermentation cake fertilizer.) nutrient is for seeing table 1.
Table 1 fermentation cake fertilizer nutrient situation
1.2 test design
It is that local conventional fertilizer application is handled (CK) that 3 processing: B1 are established in test; B2 is 50% inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer and 50% fermentation cake fertilizer; B3 is treated to 100% fermentation cake fertilizer.The nitrogen amount of application of 3 processing is 52.50kghm
-2, P
2O
5And K
2O is 78.80kghm respectively
-2And 158.00kghm
-2, all fertilizer individual plants are claimed fertilizer, all are used as base manure, once apply.Repeat for 3 times the sub-district, and district's group is arranged at random.The sub-district area is 10m * 5.50m=55m
2, 5 row districts, seeding row spacing 0.50m * 1.10m, planting density is 18180 strain hm
-2, the flue-cured tobacco field management is undertaken by Heilongjiang Province's tobacco leaf standardizing standard.Tobacco leaf C3F tobacco leaf cigarette industrial chemical examination in Heilungkiang respectively.
1.3 data processing
DPS7.05 version software is adopted in variance analysis, and chart production uses Excel 2003 softwares.
2 interpretations of result
2.1 the fermentation cake fertilizer is to the influence of the tobacco leaf output value
Use the processing of fermentation cake fertilizer and all be higher than contrast in output, the output value and first-class cigarette ratio, the B2 processing that the cake fertilizer nitrogen that wherein ferments accounts for total nitrogen 50% contrasts output raising 6.61%, and the output value increases by 3984.60 yuan of hm
-2, first-class cigarette ratio improves 9.75 percentage points; The B3 processing that fermentation cake fertilizer nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen 100% contrasts output raising 8.13%, and the output value increases by 3633.45 yuan of hm
-2, first-class cigarette ratio improves 4.94 percentage points.Statistic analysis result shows that the B2 processing that fermentation cake fertilizer nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen 50% reaches level of signification with contrast per mu yield value and first-class cigarette proportional difference.Table 2 is the result show; Fermentation cake fertilizer nitrogen accounts for the effect that has the obvious raising tobacco leaf output value and first-class cigarette ratio between the ratio of total nitrogen 50%～100%; It is best to account for total nitrogen 50% effect with fermentation cake fertilizer nitrogen, and therefore, the amount of application of the cake fertilizer that ferments in the production is good with 50% ratio.
Table 2 fermentation cake fertilizer influences the tobacco leaf output value
Annotate: same row a and b represent that difference reaches 5% level
2.2 the fermentation cake fertilizer is to the influence of quality of tobacco
Industrial shows the tobacco leaf smoking result through Harbin; Use cake fertilizer processing tobacco incense makings and perfume quantity and all be higher than contrast; The tobacco leaf overall quality also is higher than contrast, has fully shown to use the effect that cake fertilizer of the present invention has obvious raising quality of tobacco, and the result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 tobacco leaf smoking result (Zhaozhou)
Claims (10)
1. method for preparing the cake fertilizer that ferments is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) raw material sterilization: soya-bean cake mechanical disintegration, fineness are 1-3mm, use steam sterilizing then, cooling; Wheat bran is used steam sterilizing, cooling;
(2) inoculation: the wheat bran after will sterilizing is cooled to 30-40 ℃; Is 1 with fermented bacterium and wheat bran according to weight ratio: 1000-5: 1000 mixed is even; To connect the wheat bran of bacterial classification and the soya-bean cake after the sterilization then mixes; Wherein the wheat bran consumption is the 2%-5% of soya-bean cake weight, obtains postvaccinal soya-bean cake;
(3) fermentation: with the postvaccinal soya-bean cake that step (2) prepares, be put in the stainless steel bacterium dish, cultivate;
(4) hydrolysis: after treating that soya-bean cake in the bacterium dish all covers with, the soya-bean cake in the bacterium dish is placed in the hydrolytic tank, add water then, the reaction that is hydrolyzed obtains the soya-bean cake after the hydrolysis;
(5) absorption: by weight, with the soya-bean cake after the hydrolysis with humic acid and turfy soil according to soya-bean cake: humic acid: the ratio of turfy soil=1: 0.5: 0.5 is adsorbed, and puddles evenly, promptly gets described fermentation cake fertilizer.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that also further comprising that the fermentation cake fertilizer that step (5) is obtained places the roller dryer cake fertilizer granulation oven dry of will fermenting.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described soya-bean cake is a soybean cake.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the steam sterilizing described in the step (1) is meant 95 ℃ of lasting sterilizations 30 minutes.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that in the step (3) postvaccinal soya-bean cake is put in the Stainless Steel Disc, and the thickness of sabot is at 5-7cm; Described cultivation is to cultivate in a temperature 20-25 ℃ culturing room, and the time is 36-48 hour, and bacterium dish temperature is not higher than 35 ℃.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that middle water of step (4) and soya-bean cake weight are 1: 1, and the hydrolytic tank temperature is controlled at 20-40 ℃, and the time is 72 hours.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described fermented bacterium is the fungi that obligate is decomposed soya-bean cake, and preferred said fermented bacterium is a black mold.
8. the fermentation cake fertilizer for preparing by each described method of claim 1-7.
9. the described fermentation cake fertilizer of claim 8 is in preparation tobacco Application in Fertilizer.
10. the application of the described fermentation cake fertilizer of claim 8 in leaf tobacco production.
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| CN103382141A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-06 | 常熟市常福有机复合肥有限公司 | Organic fertilizer biologically fermented through soyabean protein |
| CN108401845A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-08-17 | 山东省花生研究所（山东省农业科学院花生工程技术研究中心） | A kind of continuous cropping peanut yield increasing cultivation matrix and its yield-increasing cultivation method |
| CN114105698A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 上海绿乐生物科技有限公司 | Silicon-containing biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102515896B (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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