CN102513614A - Manufacturing method of worm gear pair - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of worm gear pair Download PDFInfo
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- CN102513614A CN102513614A CN2011104143458A CN201110414345A CN102513614A CN 102513614 A CN102513614 A CN 102513614A CN 2011104143458 A CN2011104143458 A CN 2011104143458A CN 201110414345 A CN201110414345 A CN 201110414345A CN 102513614 A CN102513614 A CN 102513614A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a worm gear pair, comprising steps as follows: step A, optimizing and simulating a planar secondary enveloping ring-surface worm gear pair, which comprises specific steps as follows: (A1) inputting basic parameters of the worm gear pair, such as the central distance a, the head number of the worm z1, and the gear number of the worm z2; (A2) leading the data of the previous step into a target function formula to perform parameter calculation; employing iteration and approximation of a complex method in the target function calculation process to obtain geometric parameters and technological parameters of the ring-surface worm gear pair, wherein the geometric parameters and the technological parameters are configured in a matched manner; and the target function formula is represented by FORMULA in which f(x) is a target function, Ai is a weighting coefficient, epsilon is a convergence coefficient, and K is an optimized parameter; and (A3) generating a three-dimensional graph of the worm; affirming that the worm has no undercutting and gear tip sharpening according to the three-dimensional graph of the worm; and step B, separately processing and manufacturing the worm and the gear of the worm gear pair according to the geometric parameters and the technological parameters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the machine driving category, relate to a kind of worm gear pair manufacturing approach, the manufacturing approach that especially a kind of planar quadratic and annular enveloping worm is secondary.The present invention can be applicable to worm gearing, and the screwdown gear of wide and heavy plate mill particularly works the effect of depressing to the roll of milling train.
Background technology
Worm-drive is a kind of transmission device commonly used in the plant equipment, and it is big that enveloping worm transmission wherein has bearing capacity, and transmission efficiency is high, the advantage of long service life.Usually, centre-to-centre spacing is called big centre-to-centre spacing worm gear pair greater than the worm gear pair of 500mm; Number of threads greater than 2 be called the multistart worm pair.
Initial stage; The anchor ring range of application is limited in archetype lines enveloping enveloping worm basically; Repairing type with adverse slope is citation form, and the type of repairing is exactly the transverse tooth thickness that on purpose changes enveloping worm according to certain rule, to improve the technology of worm gear pair performance (for example enveloping worm pair bearing capacity).For a long time, repair the key technology that type becomes the important measures of enveloping worm processing and manufacturing and improves the enveloping worm quality.The foundation that adverse slope is repaiied type is to use the theory of involute gear correction of the flank shape fully, because of manufacturing, installation errors and the distortion adverse effect stressed, that temperature rise causes, improves bearing capacity from the stationarity that improves transmission when meshing to reduce worm gear pair.The profile of tooth characteristics of primigenial enveloping worm are: the flank profil in the axial cross section of worm screw is a straight line, and the tooth pitch on the concentric circles of reference circle of wormwheel, each tooth transverse tooth thickness equate.Original enveloping worm is because there is margin line in the worm gear flank of tooth, and the region of engagement is very little, has seriously limited the performance of enveloping worm ability.
" plane two bags " worm gear pair is a kind of novel enveloping worm pairs of China engineers and technicians in the invention seventies in last century.It has than original enveloping worm pair and the secondary excellent performance of normal cylindrical worm gear.
Existing " plane two bags " worm gear pair has preferable performance under the condition of big speed ratio (gearratio is greater than 35), and under the situation of multistart worm (middle close steps), if parameter is not optimized, performance can receive very big influence.Except the influence that receives undercut and topping factor, not having rational tooth surface shape is its basic reason.The domestic emery wheel that explores other shapes replaces flat-faced wheel to come grinding worm, obtains certain progress, has solved the problem of undercut and topping,, is not obtaining tangible progress aspect the raising bearing capacity.
In recent years, though the technical literature of some planar double enveloping worm designs and manufacture view, for example 200610023387.8 1 kinds of tri-dimensional entity modelling methods that are used for enveloping worm of Chinese patent: ZL have also occurred; The enveloping worm processing method of ZL200810101196.8 hard tooth surface enveloping worm involute gear pair; ZL201020250672.5 two toroid enveloping worm with cone generatrix numerically control grinders etc., but still fundamentally do not solve by test, experience design worm gear pair the problem of multistart worm auxiliary driving unstable properties.
Above reason has caused enveloping worm to manufacture and design difficulty, particularly big centre-to-centre spacing, the secondary work that manufactures and designs of bull planar quadratic and annular enveloping worm.
In existing enveloping worm design document; 2004 the 6th interim articles of " machine driving " magazine " enveloping worm is repaiied the essence of type--the difference of-opinion of holding concurrently and involute gear correction of the flank shape " < article numbering: 1004-2539 (2004) 06-0048-04>have proposed a kind of theory-curvature of repairing type about enveloping worm and have repaiied the type principle, and the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing approach of worm gear pair on this theoretical foundation.
The curvature profile of tooth is according to the enveloping worm profile of tooth of testing, put into practice and go deep into a kind of advanced person that theoretical research proposes in a large number.It has explored and has found the reasonable profile of tooth of enveloping worm direction of relative movement based on space meshing principle, has solved the optimal design problem of planar double-enveloping toroid worm gear.Can increase substantially the performance of " plane two bags " worm gear pair.According to the contrast experiment, curvature profile of tooth enveloping worm is compared with traditional enveloping worm, can improve bearing capacity 10～20%.
Curvature is repaiied the complete expression of type principle:
(1) profile of tooth of enveloping worm flank of tooth direction of relative movement is the principal element that influences the worm gear pair meshing performance.
(2) the reasonable tooth curve of enveloping worm flank of tooth direction of relative movement should be a worm tooth-surface normal curvature radius change curve.
(3) three elements of worm screw tooth curve (extreme point, rate of change and inlet attenuate amount) directly influence the position of contact wire on the worm gear flank of tooth.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, a kind of worm gear pair manufacturing approach is provided, to reduce or to avoid problem noted earlier.
Specifically be, the objective of the invention is, a kind of worm gear pair manufacturing approach is provided, through making its parameter optimization, thereby the performance of the worm gear pair that produces is improved.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises the following steps:
A kind of worm gear pair manufacturing approach comprises the following steps:
A, to planar double-enveloping toroid worm gear be optimized the design and emulation, the steps include:
The basic parameter of A1, input worm gear pair, centre-to-centre spacing a, number of threads z
1, worm gear number of teeth z
2
A2, the data importing object function formula of last step is carried out calculation of parameter, in said object function computational process, the iteration that adopts complex method with approach; Draw the geometric parameter and the technological parameter of enveloping worm pair; Said geometric parameter and technological parameter are supporting setting, wherein
Said object function formula is:
Wherein, f (x) is an object function,
Ai is a weight coefficient, and ε is a convergence coefficient, and k is a parameters optimization;
The three-dimensional graph of A3, generation worm screw confirms that through the three-dimensional graph of said worm screw worm screw does not have undercut and topping;
B, come the worm and worm wheel of the said worm gear pair of processing and manufacturing respectively according to above-mentioned geometric parameter and technological parameter.
As preferred embodiment, among the above-mentioned steps B, come the method for processing of the said worm screw of processing and manufacturing that centre-to-centre spacing deflection method, gearratio deflection method are arranged, become centre-to-centre spacing method, variable ratio method or composite algorithm according to geometric parameter that calculates and technological parameter.
As preferred embodiment, the flank of tooth of said worm screw meets following conditions in the profile of tooth of direction of relative movement:
de＝λdρ λ≥0
In the following formula:
De---the differential of worm tooth-surface attenuate amount, or rate of change;
D ρ---the differential of worm tooth-surface normal curvature radius, or rate of change;
λ---coefficient.
As preferred embodiment, said worm screw is a curvature profile of tooth planar double enveloping worm.
As preferred embodiment; Among the above-mentioned steps B; Come the method for processing of the said worm gear of processing and manufacturing to be according to geometric parameter that calculates and technological parameter, adopt the hobboing cutter consistent, the number of teeth of technology worm gear and the same processing method of the actual worm gear number of teeth with the tooth surface shape of above-mentioned worm screw.
The characteristics and the advantage of the embodiment of the invention are:
1, said worm gear pair manufacturing approach has been carried out optimal design to curvature profile of tooth, the big center of bull anomaly face twice-enveloping worm gear pair device geometric parameter and technological parameter, has solved the design and the computational problem of curvature profile of tooth, the big center of bull anomaly face twice-enveloping worm gear pair device geometric parameter and technological parameter; Guaranteed the reliability of parameter, than by rule of thumb or the parameter that obtains of test is advanced more, rationally, and then guaranteed the reliability of worm gear pair performance.
2, can pass through computer simulation, obtain three-dimensional graph, contact wire and undercut curve distribution situation and the tooth curve of worm screw.Avoid undercut and topping under the close steps condition.
3, the hobboing cutter flank of tooth of machining worm wheel is consistent with worm tooth-surface, the technology worm gear number of teeth the same with the actual worm gear number of teeth (zero tooth difference technology worm gear).Worm tooth-surface is just consistent with desirable profile of tooth without running-in, simultaneously, has guaranteed the conjugate relation of worm gear and worm screw.
4, the bearing capacity of the worm gear pair of the embodiment of the invention is under the situation of multistart worm (middle close steps), than the raising 10～20% of the secondary worm screw of common plane double enveloping worm; Efficient improves 3～6%.
Description of drawings
Following accompanying drawing only is intended to the present invention is done schematic illustration and explanation, not delimit the scope of the invention.Wherein,
Fig. 1 is the worm gear pair schematic representation of apparatus of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the worm tooth-surface radius of curvature figure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
To understand in order technical characterictic of the present invention, purpose and effect being had more clearly, to contrast the description of drawings specific embodiment of the present invention at present.Wherein, identical parts adopt identical label.
At first as follows to some the technical term explanations among this paper:
The worm screw inlet: worm screw is a driving link, the end that the flank of tooth contacts with worm gear at first.
The worm screw outlet: worm screw is a driving link, and the flank of tooth leaves an end that contacts with the worm-gear toothing emaciated face at last.
The centre-to-centre spacing displacement: the centre-to-centre spacing when machining worm and machining worm wheel is different, but work in-process does not change.
The gearratio displacement: the gearratio when machining worm and machining worm wheel is different, but work in-process does not change.
Become centre-to-centre spacing: when machining worm, centre-to-centre spacing is not definite value, at any time according to changes in process parameters.
Variable ratio: when machining worm, gearratio is not a definite value, at any time according to changes in process parameters.
Composite algorithm: the combination in any of above-mentioned centre-to-centre spacing deflection method, gearratio deflection method, change centre-to-centre spacing method and these four kinds of processing methods of variable ratio method.
Undercut: in the worm screw process, the improper concave regions that tooth root occurs.
Topping: worm screw or worm gear hob two ends addendum width influence the phenomenon of worm screw or hobboing cutter result of use less than regulation numerical value.
" curvature is repaiied the type principle " derived the relation of worm screw profile of tooth and flank of tooth radius of curvature according to space meshing principle, and it has solved the optimal tooth of enveloping worm theoretically, with the test of reality with use the result in full accord.As long as according to curvature tooth Profile Machining enveloping worm, just can obtain the worm gear pair of excellent performance.
Different enveloping worms adopts different processing methods, needs different geometric parameter and technological parameter.Concerning planar double enveloping worm, need special geometric parameter and technological parameter just can obtain desirable curvature profile of tooth.Fig. 2 is the curvature tooth curve according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
For obtaining the curvature profile of tooth, a kind of worm gear pair manufacturing approach proposed by the invention comprises the following steps:
A, to planar double-enveloping toroid worm gear be optimized the design and emulation, for example can adopt the computer optimization design software come to planar double-enveloping toroid worm gear be optimized the design and emulation, the steps include:
The basic parameter of A1, input worm gear pair, centre-to-centre spacing a, number of threads z
1, worm gear number of teeth z
2
A2, the data importing object function formula of last step is carried out calculation of parameter, in said object function computational process, the iteration that adopts complex method with approach; Draw the geometric parameter and the technological parameter of enveloping worm pair; Said geometric parameter and technological parameter are supporting setting, wherein
Said object function formula is:
Wherein, f (x) is an object function,
Ai is a weight coefficient, and ε is a convergence coefficient, and k is a parameters optimization;
The three-dimensional graph of A3, generation worm screw confirms that through the three-dimensional graph of said worm screw worm screw does not have undercut and topping;
B, come the worm and worm wheel of the said worm gear pair of processing and manufacturing respectively according to above-mentioned geometric parameter and technological parameter.
The above-mentioned worm gear pair manufacturing approach of the embodiment of the invention has solved curvature profile of tooth, the big center of bull anomaly face twice-enveloping worm gear pair Design of device and manufacturing issue; Guaranteed the reliability of worm gear pair performance.Furthermore; The difference of the embodiment of the invention and conventional planar twice-enveloping enveloping worm pair manufacturing technology is; But the computer optimization emulation technology of application of advanced; Adopt the processing method of novel curvature profile of tooth and zero tooth difference technology worm gear, realize improving the purpose of the secondary performance of bull (middle close steps) planar double enveloping worm.
Said worm gear pair manufacturing approach can be used for the manufacturing of curvature profile of tooth planar double enveloping worm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, according to the geometric parameter and the technological parameter of the worm gear pair of above-mentioned optimization, the method for machining worm can have centre-to-centre spacing deflection method, gearratio deflection method, become centre-to-centre spacing method, variable ratio method or composite algorithm.The said method of said machining worm can adapt to various processing equipment, and the user can select for use as the case may be, can guarantee to realize results of optimum design.Wherein centre-to-centre spacing deflection method and gearratio deflection method are comparatively simple, on common ring surface-worm machining tool, just can implement.This instance has been selected the centre-to-centre spacing deflection method for use.
According to an embodiment of the invention; Come the method for processing of the said worm gear of processing and manufacturing to be according to geometric parameter that calculates and technological parameter; Worm gear adopts the hobboing cutter processing consistent with the worm tooth-surface shape; The number of teeth of technology worm gear the same with the actual worm gear number of teeth (zero tooth difference technology worm gear) is to guarantee the conjugate relation of the worm gear flank of tooth and worm tooth-surface.Specifically be that the worm gear of present embodiment can adopt paired method processing.At first facture is to inserted tooth hob, and for guaranteeing the conjugate relation of worm gear and worm screw, the main machined parameters of hobboing cutter is consistent with machining worm.The number of teeth of technology worm gear the same with the worm gear number of actual teeth (zero tooth difference technology worm gear).
In the present embodiment, the planar double enveloping worm secondary (as shown in Figure 1) that processes according to above-mentioned steps has following characteristics:
(1) need not to pass through running-in promptly the same with desirable tooth surface shape for worm tooth-surface, and good with the worm gear flank engagement.
(2) worm tooth-surface does not have undercut and topping.
(3) on the worm gear flank of tooth, worm screw inlet article one contact wire is at the ingress edge of the worm gear flank of tooth; Export the last contact wire at worm gear flank of tooth middle part.Guarantee that worm screw has maximum active length, promptly maximum total number of teeth in engagement.
(4) worm gear pair has good induced normal curvature.
(5) worm tooth-surface meets following conditions in the profile of tooth of direction of relative movement (tooth length direction or hand of helix):
de＝λdρ(λ≥0)
In the following formula:
De---the differential of worm tooth-surface attenuate amount, or rate of change.
D ρ---the differential of worm tooth-surface normal curvature radius, or rate of change.
λ---coefficient
Manufacturing approach with regard to above-mentioned worm gear pair provides concrete embodiment below.
Steps A: planar double-enveloping toroid worm gear is optimized design and emulation, and concrete steps are:
A1: set centre-to-centre spacing a=910mm, number of threads z
1=4, worm gear number of teeth z
2=74.Selecting the worm screw kind is the curvature profile of tooth;
A2: the data importing object function formula among the above-mentioned steps A is carried out calculation of parameter.Setting optimization aim can have:
(1) length of action of worm tooth-surface is greater than 95%.
(2) area of contact of the worm gear flank of tooth is greater than 90%.
(3) worm screw heel teeth top thickness degree is greater than 0.4 times of modulus.
(4) worm tooth-surface does not have undercut.
(5) worm screw has the curvature profile of tooth.
And in computational process, the iteration that adopts complex method with approach, draw the geometric parameter and the technological parameter of foregoing enveloping worm pair, specifically be that the main basic parameter that obtains has:
Worm screw is calculated circular diameter d
1
Worm screw surrounds the worm gear number of teeth: z ';
Main base circle diameter (BCD): d
b
Repair shape parameter: δ;
Worm gear width: B;
Tip circle of worm arc offset: e
1
All the other parameters are determined by above-mentioned basic parameter, can calculate according to above-mentioned parameter.
A3: on computer screen, check the three-dimensional graph of worm screw, also can further check its contact wire and undercut curve map and profile of tooth figure, confirm to meet the optimal design target, for example confirm that worm screw does not have undercut and topping.
Step B: come the processing and manufacturing worm gear pair according to geometric parameter that calculates and technological parameter.
Geometric parameter that computer optimization goes out and technological parameter are supporting, can not revise parameter wherein arbitrarily.
The instance worm gear pair that processes reaches the index of above-mentioned optimization aim fully.
A kind of worm gear pair manufacturing approach provided by the invention is calculated through utilizing object function, through iteration with approach, draw enveloping worm second parameter and technological parameter; Curvature profile of tooth, the big center of bull anomaly face twice-enveloping worm gear pair device geometric parameter and technological parameter are carried out optimal design, solved the design and the computational problem of curvature profile of tooth, the big center of bull anomaly face twice-enveloping worm gear pair device geometric parameter and technological parameter; Guaranteed the reliability of parameter.Than by rule of thumb or the parameter that obtains of test is advanced more, rationally.
Describing according to the mode of a plurality of embodiment though it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention, is not that each embodiment only comprises an independently technical scheme.Narration like this only is for the sake of clarity in the specification; Those skilled in the art should do specification as a wholely to understand, and regard technical scheme related among each embodiment as the mode that can be combined into different embodiment each other understand protection scope of the present invention.
The above is merely the schematic specific embodiment of the present invention, is not in order to limit scope of the present invention.Any those skilled in the art, revises and combines the equivalent variations of under the prerequisite that does not break away from design of the present invention and principle, being done, and all should belong to the scope that the present invention protects.
Claims (5)
1. a worm gear pair manufacturing approach comprises the following steps:
A, to planar double-enveloping toroid worm gear be optimized the design and emulation, the steps include:
The basic parameter of A1, input worm gear pair, centre-to-centre spacing a, number of threads z
1, worm gear number of teeth z
2
A2, the data importing object function formula of last step is carried out calculation of parameter, in said object function computational process, the iteration that adopts complex method with approach; Draw the geometric parameter and the technological parameter of enveloping worm pair; Said geometric parameter and technological parameter are supporting setting, wherein
Said object function formula is:
Wherein, f (x) is an object function,
Ai is a weight coefficient, and ε is a convergence coefficient, and k is a parameters optimization;
The three-dimensional graph of A3, generation worm screw confirms that through the three-dimensional graph of said worm screw worm screw does not have undercut and topping;
B, come the worm and worm wheel of the said worm gear pair of processing and manufacturing respectively according to above-mentioned geometric parameter and technological parameter.
2. worm gear pair manufacturing approach according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Among the above-mentioned steps B, come the method for processing of the said worm screw of processing and manufacturing that centre-to-centre spacing deflection method, gearratio deflection method are arranged, become centre-to-centre spacing method, variable ratio method or composite algorithm according to geometric parameter that calculates and technological parameter.
3. worm gear pair manufacturing approach according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the flank of tooth of said worm screw meets following conditions in the profile of tooth of direction of relative movement:
de＝λdρ λ≥0
In the following formula:
De---the differential of worm tooth-surface attenuate amount, or rate of change;
D ρ---the differential of worm tooth-surface normal curvature radius, or rate of change;
λ---coefficient.
4. worm gear pair manufacturing approach according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said worm screw is a curvature profile of tooth planar double enveloping worm.
5. worm gear pair manufacturing approach according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Among the above-mentioned steps B; Come the method for processing of the said worm gear of processing and manufacturing to be according to geometric parameter that calculates and technological parameter, adopt the hobboing cutter consistent, the number of teeth of technology worm gear and the same processing method of the actual worm gear number of teeth with the tooth surface shape of above-mentioned worm screw.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104308279A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-28 | 薛明 | Method for processing hindley worm based on mathematical modeling macroprogram and product of hindley worm |
| CN104675926A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 洛阳世必爱特种轴承有限公司 | globoid worm gear transmission pair |
| CN112191946A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 河北涞博传动机械制造有限公司 | Method for generating point contact ring surface worm gear pair by double generating surfaces |
-
2011
- 2011-12-13 CN CN2011104143458A patent/CN102513614A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 文庆明 等: "平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动的优化设计", 《现代机械》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104675926A (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 洛阳世必爱特种轴承有限公司 | globoid worm gear transmission pair |
| CN104308279A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-28 | 薛明 | Method for processing hindley worm based on mathematical modeling macroprogram and product of hindley worm |
| CN112191946A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 河北涞博传动机械制造有限公司 | Method for generating point contact ring surface worm gear pair by double generating surfaces |
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Application publication date: 20120627 |