CN102509502A - Virtual experiment making method for convex lens - Google Patents
Virtual experiment making method for convex lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN102509502A CN102509502A CN2011103855493A CN201110385549A CN102509502A CN 102509502 A CN102509502 A CN 102509502A CN 2011103855493 A CN2011103855493 A CN 2011103855493A CN 201110385549 A CN201110385549 A CN 201110385549A CN 102509502 A CN102509502 A CN 102509502A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a virtual experiment making method for a convex lens. The method is mainly comprises a video capturing flow, virtual-real fusion flow and an interactive display flow, and particularly comprises the following steps of: making a long wood board with a sliding guide rail, arranging three movable slide blocks on the long wood board, and placing three specified marks on the slide blocks respectively; and capturing the specified marks by using an ordinary camera, calculating the spatial locations and directions of the marks, mapping onto a virtual candle, a lens and an imaging board three-dimensional model respectively, synthesizing a virtual three-dimensional model which is generated in real time and a shot real scene to obtain a virtual-real fusion interactive scene, and displaying an object distance, an image distance and a focus distance in convex lens imaging in real time. The method is applied to middle school physical experiment teaching, and has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost, environmental friendliness and natural interactive behaviors; and a learner can adjust parameters at any time for observing the rule phenomenon of convex lens imaging, so that a good teaching effect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the physics teaching experiment field; Specifically; Be a kind of convex lens imaging virtual experimental method for making, this method be the convex lens imaging experiment method based on the actual situation fusion of augmented reality technology, is applied to middle school physics classroom teaching or the student independently tests.
Background technology
Augmented reality (Augmented Reality; Be called for short AR) technology and virtual reality (Virtual Reality; Abbreviation VR) technique almost occurs simultaneously; As far back as nineteen sixty-eight, first helmet-mounted display that graphics pioneer Sutherland makes is exactly transmission-type but not immersion fully, and it can be used as AR equipment and use.In subsequently 20 years, since the restriction of hardware device and graphics research itself, the not significant progress of AR technology.Phase early 1990s, the Tom Caudell of Boeing and colleague have proposed " augmented reality " this noun in the auxiliary wiring system of its design.Though for the notion of augmented reality neither one uniform definition still at present; But it is generally acknowledged, the augmented reality technology be the two dimension that generates computing machine by means of dimension display technologies, interaction technique, multiple sensing technology, computer vision technique and multimedia technology or three-dimensional virtual information be fused to the user a kind of technology in the true environment that will experience.
Virtual reality is to create a brand-new virtual world; The user can be undertaken alternately by the equipment and the object in the digitizing environment of necessity; Produce impression and experience on the spot in person, the user is immersed in the synthetic environment fully, so the user can not see own true environment on every side.The perception of eliminating people's real world with virtual reality as far as possible is opposite, and augmented reality is the reinforcement to real world, and it stresses that actual situation combines, and virtual object is superposeed or is synthesized to real world gather, and it allows the user to see real world.Therefore, augmented reality is to replenish truly rather than substitute it fully.The target of augmented reality system is that the world of the real world of interaction and interactive computer generation is merged, and makes them look like an environment by this way.
Augmented reality applications the earliest generally all need be worn perspective helmet display device, makes the user when observing real physical object, can directly be superimposed with virtual objects.Along with the development of technology, the augmented reality technology begins to locate through the mark of two-dimension code class in recent years, and camera goes out content by computed in software after capturing marking image.Also there is increasing people to pay close attention to it in education sector in Application in Teaching.ARCHEOGUIDE (Augmented Reality-based Cultural Heritage On-site GUIDE) (Vlahakis V, 2001) (V.Vlahakis, J.Karigiannis; M.Tsotros, M.Gounaris, L.Almeida; D.Stricker, T.Gleue, I.Christou; R.Carlucci, N.Ioannidis. (2001) " ARCHEOGUIDE:First results of an Augmented Reality, Mobile Computing System in Cultural Heritage Sites "; Virtual Reality, Archaeology, and Cultural Heritage International Symposium (VAST01); Glyfada, Nr Athens, Greece; 28-30 November 2001.) is a system that is intended to restore the historic site that subsidizes by European Union through the augmented reality technology; The user is the position at place, ruins out of doors, sees through the relevant virtual information that the augmented reality client just can receive the position, can see the effect that restore in traces through client with corresponding S-HMD.Kaufmann (2003) (Kaufmann; H.; Schmalstieg, D. (2003) .Mathematics and geometry education with collaborative augmented reality [J] .Computers & Graphics, 27 (3): 339-345.) utilize the augmented reality technology to set up the interactive teaching and learning of teacher and student cooperation formula; This system can present the formation of simple point-line-surface and solid; And having the function of Boolean calculation, the teacher can express the variation of geometrical body and the relation in the space easily, and student's easy master complex spatial notion more in the three-dimensional environment that this actual situation merges.D ü nser and Horneker (2007) (D ü nser; A.; Hornecker; E. (2007) .An observational study of children interacting with an augmented story book [C] .Proceeding of Edutainment:305-315) with fable as content, add 3D role, sound and interactive stage property, how the children that observe 5-7 year utilize augmented reality system to carry out interaction and cooperative learning; The children that participate in utilize the interactive stage property with label, accomplish the little task relevant with story content while read story.Find in the research that augmented reality environment can attract child's notice, and they when activity, can be ready constantly attempting finishing the work.Mulloni (2008) (Mulloni; A.; Wagner; D.; & Schmalstieg, D. (2008) .Mobility and Social Interaction as Core Gameplay Elements in Multi-Player Augmented Reality [C] .The3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts:472-478) designed one " ox and UFO " recreation, carry out group's antagonism recreation through blue-tooth device on the mobile device and the label graph card in the space.The researchist of Vienna Polytechnics has showed the application (Kaufmann of AR technology in mechanics teaching; H.and B.Meyer (2008) .Simulating educational physical experiments in augmented reality.ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 educators programme.Singapore; ACM:1-8.); It utilizes a physical engine of developing for computer game to simulate in real time the Physical Experiment in mechanics field, and the student can create the test of oneself positively and study them in a three-dimensional virtual world.Before experiment, in the experimentation and after experiment finishes, this system provides diversified instrument, in order to physical quantitys such as stressed, the quality of evaluating objects object, motion paths.But this system needs equipment such as the expensive helmet, anaglyph spectacles.People (Jorge Mart í n-Guti é rrez such as Mart í n-Guti é rrez; Jos é Lu í s Saor í n; Manuel Contero; Et al. (2010) .Education:Design and validation of an augmented book for spatial abilities development in engineering students.Computer Graphics [J] is (1) V.34: 77-91.) showed an augmented reality applications that helps the industry science student to improve spacial ability; They have designed a books AR-Dehaes that can present the 3D model and have helped the student to accomplish virtualized task; Attempt in the remedial course of a short-term, to improve their space technical ability, a replication experiment of being participated in by 24 entrants has confirmed that this training has measurable good effect on raising student spacial ability.The famous tissue T he New of education sector Media Consortium; (NMC) in the Horizon Report of 2010 and 2011 issues in continuous 2 years, the augmented reality technology classified as one of six technology of the tool potentiality of following 2-3; (referring to document NMC.; (2010) .2010 Horizon Report. [DB/OL]. [2010-07-02] .http: //www.nmc.org/publications/2010-horizon-report) reach; (referring to document NMC.; (2011) .2011 Horizon Report. [DB/OL]. [2010-06-02] .http: //www.nmc.org/publications/2011-horizon-report).
Domesticly also became focus in nearly 2 years gradually for the augmented reality The Application of Technology, as also having adopted the augmented reality technology to show virtual gymnasium in CCTV5 " rich and powerful family's grand banquet " program during the South Africa world cup in 2010, but this is purely staticly to show not have mutual effect.And rarely have the augmented reality technology of using strong interactive means to come simulated experiment at field research especially physics experiment teaching field.All things considered, domestic field of Educational Technology as yet not theoretically system inquire into feasibility and the real example case of augmented reality technology, the actual situation combining with teaching of also rarely developing one's own intellectual property is tested case and is done further investigation.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: overcome current full-scale investigation complex equipments, cost is too high, and the virtual experimental telepresenc is strong, the more weak shortcoming of expressive force, the method for making of the interactive convex lens imaging experiment that a kind of actual situation merges is provided.This experimental technique flow process is simple, environmental protection, and equipment needed thereby is uncomplicated, and it is also convenient unusually to operate, and the data of experimentation are presented on the projection screen fully in real time, are adapted at lyceum to everyone clear displaying experimentation.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of convex lens imaging virtual experimental method for making, and this method comprises that Video Capture flow process, actual situation merge flow process and mutual flow for displaying; Specifically comprise following steps:
Step (1) is made the rail plate with three movable blocks, and three specific markers cards are placed on the movable block;
Lens, candle and the imaging plate three dimensional virtual models of step (2) design and making convex lens imaging experiment;
Step (3) capture of labels is added to virtual three-dimensional model in the video of captured in real time;
In the Video Capture flow process, pass through the specific markers on the camera captured in real time activity guide plate movable block; Merge locus and the direction of calculating said specific markers in the flow process in actual situation; And be mapped on lens, candle and the imaging plate virtual three-dimensional model of having set up; Make position and the direction of virtual three-dimensional model produce corresponding variation, obtain the interactive image of actual situation fusion after the original scene that virtual three-dimensional model after changing and camera are caught is synthetic in real time;
Step (4) user in mutual flow for displaying regulates movable block along guide rail, and camera is monitored moving of said specific markers in real time, and calculates distance between the tag block automatically, is presented on the composograph in the time of in fact;
Image that occurs on step (5) user observation and the record screen and object distance, image distance, checking convex lens imaging law.
Further; In said step (1), make microscler clamping plate, these clamping plate are made up of two block length planks, and its two ends are fixed by certain thickness short batten; Chisel a thin groove in the middle of the long up plank; Three little battens are inserted in two block length plank gaps from the side, and fix with three square wooden units of end face groove top, can slide together by related square wooden unit when level is stirred little batten.
Further, said step (1) make represent candle, lens, imaging plate respectively three simple abstract pattern cards as specific markers, and it is attached to mark card on the square wooden unit at middle, candle and the order of imaging plate on both sides according to lens.
Further, in said step (3), catching the used camera of specific markers is the general network camera;
Principle of the present invention is:
Method of the present invention mainly is divided into the Video Capture flow process, actual situation merges flow process and mutual flow for displaying; Make the long plank of a band rail plate and three movable sliders are installed above that, place three specific markers on the slide block respectively; Use common camera to catch specific markers; Calculate the locus and the direction of mark; Be mapped to respectively on virtual candle, lens and the imaging plate three-dimensional model; Obtain actual situation and merge interactive scene virtual three-dimensional model that generates in real time and the real scene that photographs are synthetic, and show object distance, image distance and focal length in the convex lens imaging in real time.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
(1) the inventive method equipment is environmental protection, and it does not need the materials such as true candle, lens, imaging plate in the full-scale investigation, only needs to be equipped with one and carry common camera notebook computer and simple track-type facilities.The learner does not need operation bidirectional instruction button; As long as the three-dimensional mutual effect that the actual situation of can seeing rail plate merges; Such interaction does not increase the jamais vu and the complicacy of operation again near the operation behavior of true experiment in the sensory experience that improves the learner.
(2) can detect a plurality of different markers among the present invention, and the distance (image distance) between distance (object distance), lens and the imaging plate of candle and lens can show any time in real time the time, reflection rapidly directly perceived is apart from the relation between, the image distance and the focal length of lens.
(3) mark identification of the present invention, three-dimensional picture demonstration and mutual effect all use Java language to realize, because Java language self is cross-platform, make the background program of this book to transplant at different operating system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of a kind of convex lens imaging of the present invention virtual experimental method for making;
Fig. 2 is an activity guide plate structural drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is candle, lens, the imaging plate mark of the present invention's definition;
Fig. 4 is that mark collection of the present invention, calculating and actual situation scene merge process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is convex lens imaging virtual experimental execute-in-place.
Embodiment
Introduce the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
The present invention is a kind of convex lens imaging virtual experimental method for making, comprises that Video Capture flow process, actual situation merge flow process and mutual flow for displaying, and the making flow process is as shown in Figure 1.Concrete steps are described below:
(1) makes rail plate plate, and three mark cards are placed on the movable block with three movable blocks;
Make microscler clamping plate; These clamping plate are made up of two block length planks; Its two ends are fixed by certain thickness short batten, chisel a thin groove in the middle of the long up plank, and three little battens are inserted in two block length plank gaps from the side; And fix with three square wooden units of end face groove top, when stirring little batten, level can slide together by related square wooden unit.This guide rail remains three marks point-blank when guaranteeing in mutual display module user's movement indicia.The guide rail plate structure is as shown in Figure 2.
Three simple abstract patterns that candle, lens, imaging plate are represented in design and making respectively are as specific markers.The black and white binary map that the marker color contrast is high, the effect of the simpler camera identification of pattern is good, as shown in Figure 3 more.The pattern of noting three marks can not seem too similar, otherwise camera can not be distinguished preferably in Same Scene.The actual mark that uses outer ring black background, the white background of inner ring, font color as black with the sensitivity of reinforcing pattern identification, also can add the pattern of band copyright sign around mark.Indicia designs good and print after, mark card is attached on the square wooden unit at middle, candle and the order of imaging plate according to lens on both sides.
(2) lens, candle and the imaging plate three dimensional virtual models of design and making convex lens imaging experiment;
Use 3DSMax or other 3D modeling tool to make lens, candle and imaging plate three dimensional virtual models, wherein the flame of candle uses particIe system to reach dynamic flame effect true to nature.
(3) capture of labels is added to virtual three-dimensional model in the video of captured in real time;
The Video Capture flow process stage: the real scene image that at first camera is obtained is shown as the bottom; Actual situation merges the flow process stage: catch current scene predefined mark is arranged if detect camera; Then calculate the three-dimensional position that is marked in the real space according to camera inside and outside parameter and three-dimensional registration algorithm; Access tag block virtual three-dimensional model one to one again; And on the three-dimensional position of mark its projection matrix according to camera is being projected on the projection plane of camera; And virtual three-dimensional model synthesized at image on the projection plane and the image of real space on projection plane, form the scene that last actual situation combines and export.As shown in Figure 4, concrete steps are following:
A) utilize camera to catch real scene, obtain color image information;
B) convert the coloured image that collects to the two-value black white image according to preset threshold, and this bianry image is carried out the connected domain analysis;
C) find out wherein all quadrilateral areas as the candidate matches zone, the template in each candidate region and the ATL is mated, if the coupling of generation is then thought to have captured a mark;
D) positional information and the telltale mark in the real scene according to camera calculates position and the attitude of camera with respect to known mark;
E) on view plane, draw dummy object according to affine transformation matrix, video last and real scene merges, and projects on the common display screen.
Used camera can be the general network camera.
Wherein, the present invention can also catch other self-defined specific markers as required, merges the corresponding dynamic virtual object of mapping in the scene in current actual situation, in order to the aid illustration current scene.
(4) calculate distance between the tag block automatically, and be presented on the screen will be in fact the time;
The distance of in the virtual scene three-dimensional system of coordinate, calculating candle and lens is an object distance, and the distance of lens and imaging plate is an image distance.With the object distance is that its computing method of example are following: when the local coordinate system modeling, be true origin with the chassis, suppose that the coordinate of candle in the scene coordinate system is (x
i, y
i, z
i), the coordinate of lens in the scene coordinate system is (x
j, y
j, z
j), then the computing formula of object distance does
Image distance in like manner also can be calculated.Focal length and the object distance of calculating and image distance are presented on the screen in real time.
(5) distance between the adjusting movable block, image that occurs on observation and the record screen and object distance, image distance.
The user can regulate the movable slider on the guide rail in experimentation; Promptly change object distance and image distance; The mutual flow for displaying stage utilizes mutual Presentation Function module on computer screen or projection screen, to show image and the object distance, the image distance that are changing in real time; The user can calculate the inverse of object distance, image distance and focal length at any time; Verify it whether in the error allowed band, to meet convex lens imaging law
(wherein u is an object distance; V is an image distance, and f is a focal length of convex lens).
The part that the present invention does not set forth in detail belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (4)
1. convex lens imaging virtual experimental method for making, this method comprises that Video Capture flow process, actual situation merge flow process and mutual flow for displaying; It is characterized in that: the method includes the steps of:
Step (1) is made the rail plate plate with three movable blocks, and three specific markers cards are placed on the movable block;
Lens, candle and the imaging plate three dimensional virtual models of step (2) design and making convex lens imaging experiment;
Step (3) capture of labels is added to virtual three-dimensional model in the video of captured in real time;
In the Video Capture flow process, pass through the specific markers on the camera captured in real time activity guide plate movable block; Merge locus and the direction of calculating said specific markers in the flow process in actual situation; And be mapped on lens, candle and the imaging plate virtual three-dimensional model of having set up; Make position and the direction of virtual three-dimensional model produce corresponding variation, obtain the interactive image of actual situation fusion after the original scene that virtual three-dimensional model after changing and camera are caught is synthetic in real time;
Step (4) user in mutual flow for displaying regulates movable block along guide rail, and camera is monitored moving of said specific markers in real time, and calculates distance between the tag block automatically, is presented on the composograph in the time of in fact;
Image that occurs on step (5) user observation and the record screen and object distance, image distance, checking convex lens imaging law.
2. a kind of convex lens imaging virtual experimental method for making according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said step (1), makes microscler clamping plate; These clamping plate are made up of two block length planks; Its two ends are fixed by certain thickness short batten, chisel a thin groove in the middle of the long up plank, and three little battens are inserted in two block length plank gaps from the side; And fix with three square wooden units of end face groove top, when stirring little batten, level can slide together by related square wooden unit.
3. a kind of convex lens imaging virtual experimental method for making according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said step (1) make represent candle, lens, imaging plate respectively three simple abstract pattern cards as specific markers, and it is attached to mark card on the square wooden unit at middle, candle and the order of imaging plate on both sides according to lens.
4. a kind of convex lens imaging virtual experimental method for making according to claim 1 is characterized in that in said step (3), catching the used camera of specific markers is common camera.
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| CN102945637A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-02-27 | 河海大学 | Augmented reality based embedded teaching model and method |
| CN102998096A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-27 | 吉林大学 | Method for measuring focal distance of convex lens |
| WO2014019253A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | Li Zhongxiao | Miniature teaching experiment box and experiment instrument used for same |
| TWI618038B (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-03-11 | 國立臺灣師範大學 | Learning method and system using three-dimensional virtual image |
| CN108428376A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽大学 | A kind of vision immersion stereoprojection teaching method |
| CN108831262A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 北京优如兰文化发展有限责任公司 | Architectural mathematics thinking ability training aid and its application method |
| CN108847057A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-20 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of the actual situation combination display systems and method of photoelectric effect experiment |
| CN108986577A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-11 | 华中师范大学 | A kind of design method of the mobile augmented reality type experiment based on forward type |
| CN113192389A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-30 | 临沂市拓普网络股份有限公司 | Platform is used in teaching based on wisdom classroom |
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| WO2014019253A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | Li Zhongxiao | Miniature teaching experiment box and experiment instrument used for same |
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| CN102998096A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-03-27 | 吉林大学 | Method for measuring focal distance of convex lens |
| CN102998096B (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2016-03-30 | 吉林大学 | The measuring method of focal length of convex lens |
| CN108428376A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2018-08-21 | 安徽大学 | A kind of vision immersion stereoprojection teaching method |
| TWI618038B (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-03-11 | 國立臺灣師範大學 | Learning method and system using three-dimensional virtual image |
| CN108831262A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 北京优如兰文化发展有限责任公司 | Architectural mathematics thinking ability training aid and its application method |
| CN108831262B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-03-17 | 北京优如兰文化发展有限责任公司 | Building mathematics thinking ability training teaching aid and use method thereof |
| CN108847057A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-20 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of the actual situation combination display systems and method of photoelectric effect experiment |
| CN108986577A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-11 | 华中师范大学 | A kind of design method of the mobile augmented reality type experiment based on forward type |
| CN113192389A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-30 | 临沂市拓普网络股份有限公司 | Platform is used in teaching based on wisdom classroom |
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