CN102508291B - Transverse variable speed small scale body reflection coefficient formula application method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a transverse variable speed small-scale volume reflection coefficient formula application method, which is characterized in that a double-layer medium model is established, and numerical simulation is carried out by utilizing a finite difference full wave field numerical simulation algorithm; AVO analysis is carried out on the obtained numerical simulation result; establishing a theoretical expression of a transverse variable speed small-scale body reflection coefficient formula; and on the basis of a theoretical expression, determining the undetermined coefficient according to the AVO analysis result of the obtained numerical simulation result, and finally obtaining the transverse variable speed small-scale body reflection coefficient formula. The method for solving the width and the elastic parameter of the transverse variable-speed small scale body through the formula is simple and practical, and can effectively describe the relation between the change of the reflection coefficient and the width and the elastic parameter of the scale body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to exploration of oil and gas field field, particularly a kind of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula application process.
Background technology
Early 1980s Ostrander (1982) first proposes to utilize reflection coefficient to change identification gas sand with incident angle, he notices: gas sand reflection amplitude increases with offset distance, water bearing sand reflection amplitude reduces with the increase of offset distance, and the technology that hydro carbons detects has been enriched in the discovery of this phenomenon.The working mark of Ostrander is used the appearance of AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) technology really, over more than 30 year, AVO technology constantly becomes the focus of people's research, and SEG (The Leading Edge) magazine was once repeatedly published special edition AVO theory, method, technology are discussed.Gassaway etc. for inverting Poisson ratio, directly explain lithology and oil gas AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) information.
AVO technology is that the character of the underground lithology that reflects according to the Changing Pattern of amplitude geophone offset and pore fluid thereof is carried out Direct Prediction of Oil and estimated a technology of earth's crust lithologic parameter.Sun Peng is far away to be waited sorting out and contrast based on the approximate various reflection coefficient approximation methods of Zoeppritz, and the AVO research of most is being similar to Zeoppriz equation under uniform dielectric or anisotropic medium prerequisite.But the reservoir heterogeneity of the most of oil gas reservoir of China is very strong, how effectively to predict that Heterogeneous reservoir is a key link of oil-gas exploration and development.Existing method for predicting reservoir is based on HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY and uniform dielectric model mostly, can not meet the demand of heterogeneous reservoir prediction.Thereby, must be from the situation of change with medium elastic parameter of the reflection coefficient of heterogeneous reservoir be carried out to deep research.
The in the situation that of horizontal homogeneous or large scale lateral velocity variation, Zeoppritz equation and simplified style thereof can be described the reflection coefficient on stratum well.The in the situation that of small scale lateral velocity variation, whether existing reflection coefficient expression formula is applicable, how the truth of underground medium could be described effectively? current in the world to the research of reflection coefficient approximate expression in small scale lateral velocity variation situation seldom, and mainly from anisotropy angle, according to anisotropic parameters, Zeoppritz equation approximate expression is revised, can not be applied among actual AVO analysis and prestack inversion.How horizontal small scale defines, how slewing range defines, and laterally small scale speed change body is much to reflective index impacts degree, and laterally in small scale speed change situation, how approximate formula starts with, and this series of problems is all badly in need of solving.
For the problems referred to above, set up the small scale body of different scale, change the speed in small scale body, by all-wave field the Forward Modeling, reflection coefficient to horizontal small scale speed change body is analyzed, the relation that has derived reflection coefficient and yardstick body size and lithologic parameter, promotes the development of heterogeneous reservoir forecasting techniques.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to solve problems of the prior art, and a kind of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula application process is provided.
The object of the invention is to be achieved by following technical proposals:
Lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula application process, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Set up two-layered medium model, in its layer dielectric, design small scale body, and width and the elastic parameter of this small scale body are set;
Seismic wavelet type and dominant frequency parameter are set, wave detector exhaust position is set, by finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation algorithm, carry out numerical simulation;
Obtained numerical simulation result is carried out to AVO analysis;
Set up the theoretical expression of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula: Δ R=aw Δ im+b Δ im+cw+d; Wherein, Δ R is reflection coefficient changing value, and w is yardstick body width, and Δ im is the impedance contrast of the impedance of yardstick body and country rock, and a, b, c, d are undetermined coefficient;
On the basis of described theoretical expression, according to the AVO analysis result of obtained numerical simulation result, application least square method solves undetermined coefficient a, b, c, the d in described theoretical expression, obtains lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
Also include following reflection coefficient formula correction step:
Described two-layered medium model is arranged to width and the elastic parameter of different small scale bodies, and repeat the described step of asking for to undetermined coefficient a, b, c, d, obtain new one group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', d ', with new a group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', the d ' being obtained, described lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula is revised.
Described seismic wavelet type is Ricker wavelet, and its dominant frequency is 30Hz; Described wave detector is placed on from destination layer 50-100 rice.
Also comprise the steps:
Utilize the lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula obtaining to predict small scale body width and elastic parameter.
Lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula application system, is characterized in that, comprising: two-layered medium model building module, finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, AVO analysis module, theoretical expression are set up module, Coefficient Fitting computing module;
Described two-layered medium model building module, in order to set up two-layered medium model; In the layer dielectric of described two-layered medium model, design small scale body; This small scale body at least comprises width and elastic parameter;
Described finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, in order to according to seismic wavelet type and dominant frequency parameter are set, and wave detector exhaust position, carry out numerical simulation and obtain numerical simulation result;
Described AVO analysis module, carries out AVO analysis in order to the numerical simulation result to obtained;
Described theoretical expression is set up module, in order to set up the theoretical expression of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula: Δ R=aw Δ im+b Δ im+cw+d; Wherein, Δ R is reflection coefficient changing value, and w is yardstick body width, and Δ im is the impedance contrast of the impedance of yardstick body and country rock, and a, b, c, d are undetermined coefficient;
Described Coefficient Fitting computing module, AVO analysis result in order to the numerical simulation result that obtains according to AVO analysis module, application least square method solves undetermined coefficient a, b, c, the d in described theoretical expression, and by this undetermined coefficient a, b, c, d substitution theoretical expression, obtain lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
Also be provided with formula correcting module;
Described formula correcting module, in order to width and the elastic parameter of described two-layered medium model building module Small and Medium Sized body are modified, and new one group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', the d ' that according to described Coefficient Fitting computing module, obtain revise lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
In described finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, described seismic wavelet type is Ricker wavelet, and its dominant frequency is 30Hz; Described wave detector is placed on from destination layer 50-100 rice.
Small scale body parameter prediction module is also set;
Described small scale body parameter prediction module, in order to utilize the lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula obtaining to predict small scale body width and elastic parameter.
Pass through the embodiment of the present invention, can generate structure lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula, by this formula, ask for the width of lateral velocity variation small-scale area and the method simple practical of elastic parameter, can effectively describe the relation of reflection coefficient variation and yardstick body width and elastic parameter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms the application's a part, does not form limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is two-layered medium small scale body Model figure;
When Fig. 2 is the interior velocity variations of yardstick body, reflection coefficient is with the graph of relation of incident angle;
Fig. 3 be in yardstick body during velocity variations reflection coefficient change the schematic diagram that is related to offset distance;
Fig. 4 be in different in width yardstick body during velocity variations reflection coefficient change the schematic diagram that is related to offset distance;
Fig. 5 is the poor schematic diagram that is related to of small scale body width and reflection coefficient;
Fig. 6 is the application process process flow diagram of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula;
Fig. 7 is the application system structural representation of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further details.At this, exemplary embodiment of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
In general, major part is all to carry out AVO analysis with thick-layer homogeneous model now, and reflection coefficient can be asked for by approximate equation.In fact underground medium in the horizontal speed may there is variation, if ignore it, just may cause carrying out accurately predicting to reservoir.Forefathers are less for the reflection coefficient research of lateral velocity variation body, not yet have reflection coefficient approximate formula in horizontal small scale speed change situation, therefore also have no maturity model.The present invention carrys out the variation of simulate formation medium velocity by design small scale body, the size that changes small scale body is simulated the size of anomalous body, realized like this simplification of model, by in uniform dielectric, add a yardstick body (as, wavelength, 1/2 wavelength, 1/4 wavelength or 1/8 wavelength etc.), by full wave equation numerical simulation technology, study the affect rule of lateral velocity variation on reflection coefficient, final generation builds lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
Fig. 1 model at the middle and upper levels medium parameter is velocity of longitudinal wave 2192m/s, shear wave velocity 818m/s, density 2.160g/cm
3, layer dielectric parameter is velocity of longitudinal wave 1543m/s, shear wave velocity 951.5m/s, density 1.973g/cm
3, small scale body width is a wavelength, in yardstick body, velocity of longitudinal wave value becomes 1550m/s, 1570m/s, 1580m/s, 1590m/s from 1543m/s successively.
When Fig. 2 is the interior velocity variations of yardstick body, reflection coefficient is with the relation curve of incident angle, and as can be seen from the figure, along with the increase reflection coefficient of speed in yardstick body is beated near small scale body, the absolute value of reflection coefficient is reducing.For further contrasting the impact of velocity variations on reflection coefficient in small scale body, do the residual error before changing and after changing, as shown in Figure 3, the residual error of reflection coefficient when black in figure, red, blue, purple is followed successively by yardstick body and is 1550m/s, 1570m/s, 1580m/s, 1590m/s and during 1543m/s rice, with as can be seen from the figure, along with the increase of speed, the rate of change of reflection coefficient curve is in obvious increase.
Reduce successively the width of yardstick body to 1/2 λ, 1/4 λ, 1/8 λ, model medium parameter is identical with Fig. 1.In friction speed situation, reflection coefficient is basic consistent with Fig. 2 trend with incident angle change curve in yardstick body, and still, due to the reducing of yardstick body, at small scale body place, reflection coefficient dies down.But still can find out the increase along with speed in small scale body, near the absolute value of reflection coefficient small scale body position is reducing.For the better impact of explanation small scale body on reflection coefficient, to make equally in yardstick body after velocity variations with unchanged poor, result is as shown in Figure 4.From Fig. 4 a, b, c, contrast can find out, yardstick body is less, under the condition of identical filling velocity, less on the impact of reflection coefficient.The yardstick body that the width of take is 1/2 λ is example, when yardstick is 1/2 λ variable quantity maximal value within 0.003, and yardstick body to be λ change maximal value in 0.005 left and right, reduce 60%, the size of visible yardstick body is obvious to the variable effect of reflection coefficient.
The different scale body width of take is transverse axis, and reflection coefficient is changed to the longitudinal axis, and numerical projection corresponding to above-mentioned model, in rectangular coordinate system, carried out to linear fit (as Fig. 5) to value corresponding to different impedances.From fitting formula, can find out, for the reflection coefficient that antibody is corresponding on the same group mutually, change with yardstick body width and have good linear relationship, the Coefficient of determination minimum value of reflection fitting degree also reaches 99.6.%, and obviously its linear relation is extraordinary.Equally, for the yardstick body of same widths, the impedance contrast that its yardstick body is corresponding is also linear with reflection coefficient.Therefore, we recognize that it is width that small scale body is corresponding and the function of respective impedance that reflection coefficient that small scale body causes changes.Based on above-mentioned analysis and experiment, we have designed the application process of following lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the application process process flow diagram of this lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.As shown in the figure, the application process of this lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula, comprises the steps:
Step 1, set up two-layered medium model, in its layer dielectric, design small scale body, and the width of this small scale body and elastic parameter (described elastic parameter is the broad sense title of the many kinds of parameters types such as the velocity of longitudinal wave that comprises medium, shear wave velocity, density) are set;
Step 2, arranges seismic wavelet type and dominant frequency parameter, and wave detector exhaust position is set, and by finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation algorithm, carries out numerical simulation;
Step 3, carries out AVO analysis to the numerical simulation result obtaining in step 2;
Step 4, set up the theoretical expression of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula:
ΔR＝awΔim+bΔim+cw+d
Wherein, Δ R is reflection coefficient changing value, and w is yardstick body width, and Δ im is the impedance contrast of the impedance of yardstick body and country rock, and a, b, c, d are undetermined coefficient;
Step 5, on the basis of above-mentioned theory expression formula, the AVO analysis result of the numerical simulation result obtaining according to step 3, application least square method solves undetermined coefficient a, b, c, the d in described theoretical expression, obtains lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
By above-mentioned reflection coefficient formula applying step, we have obtained lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula, and then utilize this formula can predict width and the elastic parameter of lateral velocity variation small-scale area, for AVO analyzes and AVO inverting provides solid foundation.By this formula, ask for the width of lateral velocity variation small-scale area and the method simple practical of elastic parameter, can effectively describe the relation of reflection coefficient variation and yardstick body width and elastic parameter.The method has been filled up the blank that AVO technology is studied in horizontal small scale speed change situation.
The lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula that inventor obtains said method has carried out goodness of fit detection.By the goodness of fit, calculating goodness of fit Coefficient of determination is 0.99.Thereby the fitting effect that can confirm the reflection coefficient formula that said method obtains is extraordinary.So just can prove that the reflection coefficient amplitude of variation calculated value that utilizes this formula to cause different scale body width and impedance is reasonable, believable.
More accurately more effective for the reflection coefficient formula that makes to obtain by said method, the present invention has also designed the step of as follows reflection coefficient formula of above-mentioned acquisition being revised:
Step 6, the two-layered medium model of step 1 is arranged to width and the elastic parameter of different small scale bodies, and repeat above-mentioned steps 1 to new one group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', the d ' of step 5 acquisition, with new a group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', the d ' being obtained, lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula is revised.
The small scale body that we can combine based on limited group of different parameters by this step, revises repeatedly to this lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula, thereby obtains computing formula more accurately and effectively.
In addition, in order to improve the resolution of analog computation, to seismic wavelet type selected in described step 2 and wavelet dominant frequency, and designed wave detector exhaust position also has requirement.In the present embodiment, what specifically adopt is Lei Ke (Ricker) wavelet, and its dominant frequency is 30Hz.And in order to eliminate whole the extending influence of seismic event, wave detector is placed on from destination layer 50-100 rice.Can guarantee that being so recorded into ejected wave records again reflection wave, estimate that then the slowness direction vector of each ripple calculates AVO curve.
In addition, this lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula application process can also comprise the steps:
Step 7, utilizes the lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula obtaining to predict small scale body width and elastic parameter.
By this step, we can utilize width and the elastic parameter of the calculate prediction lateral velocity variation small-scale area obtaining, for AVO analyzes and AVO inverting provides solid foundation.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the application system of this lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.As shown in the figure, the application system of this lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula, comprising: two-layered medium model building module, finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, AVO analysis module, theoretical expression are set up module, Coefficient Fitting computing module.
Described two-layered medium model building module, in order to set up two-layered medium model; In the layer dielectric of described two-layered medium model, design small scale body; This small scale body at least comprises width and elastic parameter;
Described finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, in order to according to seismic wavelet type and dominant frequency parameter are set, and wave detector exhaust position, carry out numerical simulation and obtain numerical simulation result;
Described AVO analysis module, carries out AVO analysis in order to the numerical simulation result to obtained;
Described theoretical expression is set up module, in order to set up the theoretical expression of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula:
ΔR＝awΔim+bΔim+cw+d
Wherein, Δ R is reflection coefficient changing value, and w is yardstick body width, and Δ im is the impedance contrast of the impedance of yardstick body and country rock, and a, b, c, d are undetermined coefficient;
Described Coefficient Fitting computing module, AVO analysis result in order to the numerical simulation result that obtains according to AVO analysis module, application least square method solves undetermined coefficient a, b, c, the d in described theoretical expression, and by this undetermined coefficient a, b, c, d substitution theoretical expression, obtain lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
More accurately more effective for the reflection coefficient formula that makes to obtain by said method, in the designed reflection coefficient formula application system of the present invention, be also provided with formula correcting module.
Described formula correcting module, in order to width and the elastic parameter of described two-layered medium model building module Small and Medium Sized body are modified, and new one group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', the d ' that according to described Coefficient Fitting computing module, obtain revise lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.
The small scale body that we can combine based on limited group of different parameters by this formula correcting module, revises repeatedly to this lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula, thereby obtains computing formula more accurately and effectively.
In addition, in order to improve the resolution of analog computation, in described finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, what specifically adopt is Lei Ke (Ricker) wavelet, and its dominant frequency is 30Hz.And in order to eliminate whole the extending influence of seismic event, described wave detector is placed on from destination layer 50-100 rice.
In addition, in the designed reflection coefficient formula application system of the present invention, small scale body parameter prediction module is also set.
Described small scale body parameter prediction module, in order to utilize the lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula obtaining to predict small scale body width and elastic parameter.
In sum, the present invention studies the affect rule of lateral velocity variation on reflection coefficient by full wave equation numerical simulation technology, and final generation builds lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula.By this formula, ask for the width of lateral velocity variation small-scale area and the method simple practical of elastic parameter, can effectively describe the relation of reflection coefficient variation and yardstick body width and elastic parameter.Persons skilled in the art any not creative transformation of doing under this design philosophy, all should be considered as within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula application process, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Set up two-layered medium model, in its layer dielectric, design small scale body, and width and the elastic parameter of this small scale body are set;
Seismic wavelet type and dominant frequency parameter are set, wave detector exhaust position is set, by finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation algorithm, carry out numerical simulation; Described seismic wavelet type is Ricker wavelet, and its dominant frequency is 30Hz; Described wave detector is placed on from destination layer 50-100 rice;
Obtained numerical simulation result is carried out to AVO analysis;
Set up the theoretical expression of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula: Δ R=aw Δ im+b Δ im+cw+d; Wherein, Δ R is reflection coefficient changing value, and w is yardstick body width, and Δ im is the impedance contrast of the impedance of yardstick body and country rock, and a, b, c, d are undetermined coefficient;
On the basis of described theoretical expression, according to the AVO analysis result of obtained numerical simulation result, application least square method solves undetermined coefficient a, b, c, the d in described theoretical expression, obtains lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula;
Described method also includes following reflection coefficient formula correction step:
Described two-layered medium model is arranged to width and the elastic parameter of different small scale bodies, and repeat the described step of asking for to undetermined coefficient a, b, c, d, obtain new one group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', d ', with new a group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', the d ' being obtained, described lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula is revised;
Utilize the lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula obtaining to predict small scale body width and elastic parameter.
2. lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula application system, it is characterized in that, comprising: two-layered medium model building module, finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, AVO analysis module, theoretical expression are set up module, Coefficient Fitting computing module;
Described two-layered medium model building module, in order to set up two-layered medium model; In the layer dielectric of described two-layered medium model, design small scale body; This small scale body at least comprises width and elastic parameter;
Described finite difference all-wave Numerical Simulation computing module, in order to according to seismic wavelet type and dominant frequency parameter are set, and wave detector exhaust position, carry out numerical simulation and obtain numerical simulation result; Described seismic wavelet type is Ricker wavelet, and its dominant frequency is 30Hz; Described wave detector is placed on from destination layer 50-100 rice;
Described AVO analysis module, carries out AVO analysis in order to the numerical simulation result to obtained;
Described theoretical expression is set up module, in order to set up the theoretical expression of lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula: Δ R=aw Δ im+b Δ im+cw+d; Wherein, Δ R is reflection coefficient changing value, and w is yardstick body width, and Δ im is the impedance contrast of the impedance of yardstick body and country rock, and a, b, c, d are undetermined coefficient;
Described Coefficient Fitting computing module, AVO analysis result in order to the numerical simulation result that obtains according to AVO analysis module, application least square method solves undetermined coefficient a, b, c, the d in described theoretical expression, and by this undetermined coefficient a, b, c, d substitution theoretical expression, obtain lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula;
Described system is also provided with:
Formula correcting module, in order to width and the elastic parameter of described two-layered medium model building module Small and Medium Sized body are modified, and new one group of expression formula undetermined coefficient a ', b ', c ', the d ' that according to described Coefficient Fitting computing module, obtain revise lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula;
Small scale body parameter prediction module, in order to utilize the lateral velocity variation small-scale area reflection coefficient formula obtaining to predict small scale body width and elastic parameter.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SU1408395A1 (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1988-07-07 | Киевское геофизическое отделение Украинского научно-исследовательского геологоразведочного института | Seismic prospecting method |
| EP0175321B1 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1990-08-29 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Seismic data processing |
| WO1997041456A1 (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-11-06 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Method for inverting reflection trace data from 3-d and 4-d seismic surveys |
| CN102116869A (en) * | 2011-02-12 | 2011-07-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | High-precision prestack domain least square migration seismic imaging technology |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0175321B1 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1990-08-29 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Seismic data processing |
| SU1408395A1 (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1988-07-07 | Киевское геофизическое отделение Украинского научно-исследовательского геологоразведочного института | Seismic prospecting method |
| WO1997041456A1 (en) * | 1996-04-29 | 1997-11-06 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Method for inverting reflection trace data from 3-d and 4-d seismic surveys |
| CN102116869A (en) * | 2011-02-12 | 2011-07-06 | 中国石油大学(华东) | High-precision prestack domain least square migration seismic imaging technology |
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