Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high-power three-level converter temperature rise and loss test method that simply, accurately and only needs to take the active front end of employing of less energy from electrical network.
The present invention solves its technical matters and takes following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of high-power three-level converter temperature rise and loss test method that adopts active front end may further comprise the steps:
(1) a low capacity reactor is connected between the rectification unit and inversion unit of frequency converter, a low capacity direct supply is connected on frequency converter intermediate dc side, thereby rectification unit, intermediate dc side, inversion unit and reactor are constituted the test loop;
(2) setting rectification unit moves with the inverter mode; The output voltage reference value of given rectification unit
and the output voltage reference value of inversion unit are
keeps the output voltage reference value
of inversion unit constant; The output voltage reference value
of regulating rectification unit is that scalable is flowed through the electric current
of reactor through regulating the size and the power factor of inversion unit output power; Realization is to the simulation of different operating modes; Loss and the temperature rise of full test frequency converter under different operating modes, and then accurately apparatus for evaluating is exerted oneself.
And, the electric current of the described reactor of flowing through
And inversion unit output power P
2Be respectively:
And described frequency converter adopts active front end as rectification unit, and its structure is two level or many level AC-DC-AC structure, and the employed device for power switching of frequency converter is IGBT or IGCT.
And described reactor capacity is less than 20% of frequency inverter capacity.
And described direct supply is taken from electrical network, and its effect is that capacity is less than 5% of frequency inverter capacity for the active loss in the test provides energy.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1, this test method is connected to reactor as load between rectification unit and inversion unit; Make power pass through rectification unit, intermediate dc side, inversion unit and reactor and constitute the loop; Entire test is except that the loss on power device and circuit; Do not have other meritorious consumptions, only needing to take less energy from electrical network, can to make that frequency converter flows through more high-power, thereby be implemented in the function that the low capacity electrical network carries out the big-power transducer load test.
2, this test method is come the regulating load electric current through the voltage difference of regulating the reactor two ends; Guaranteeing under the continuous prerequisite of electric current; Selectable reactor capacity is less; Its capacity, volume are also all less, have solved conventional test method and in order to let inversion unit export high-power needs supporting with it motor and mechanical load are provided, and also will consider problems such as motor mounting, coaxial connection.
3, this test method only needs a low capacity reactor and an external low capacity direct supply except that frequency converter to be tested, and therefore, the used auxiliary appliance of this test method is few, connection is simple, the easy realization.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the embodiment of the invention is done further detailed description:
A kind of high-power three-level converter temperature rise and loss test method that adopts active front end is used to realize high-power three-level converter temperature rise and loss test function.Specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, a low capacity reactor is connected between the rectification unit and inversion unit of frequency converter by mode of connection shown in Figure 1; A low capacity direct supply is connected on frequency converter intermediate dc side, thereby rectification unit, intermediate dc side, inversion unit and reactor are constituted the test loop.
In this step, frequency converter is made up of rectification unit, intermediate dc side and inversion unit, and the reactor capacity that is connected between rectification unit and the inversion unit is decided according to the test demand, can accomplish usually less than 20% of frequency inverter capacity; The capacity of low capacity direct supply is usually less than 5% of frequency inverter capacity; It can be the structure that common three phase rectifier adds filter capacitor; This direct supply is from the electrical network power taking and for the active loss in the test provides energy since in the test except that the loss of equipment and circuit, do not have other meritorious consumption; The power of therefore taking from electrical network is less, and is also less to the impact of electrical network.
Step 2, setting rectification unit move with the inverter mode; And the output voltage reference value of given rectification unit is that the output voltage reference value of
and inversion unit keeps
constant for
; Regulate
and be scalable and flow through the electric current
of reactor through regulating the size and the power factor of inversion unit output power; Realization is to the simulation of different operating modes; Loss and the temperature rise of full test frequency converter under different operating modes, and then accurately apparatus for evaluating is exerted oneself.
In this step; The phasor form of
expression rectification unit a phase voltage (being the voltage of the relative DC side mid point of a phase terminal O), the output voltage of
inversion unit.If the induction reactance of reactor is selected lessly; Then
and
only needs that less deviation just can make
has amplitude greatly, makes inversion unit under nominal output, to move.In test process, its voltage, electric current phasor concern as shown in Figure 2, can calculate the electric current of the reactor of flowing through through the phase magnitude relation among Fig. 2
And inversion unit output power P
2:
During test, at first confirm the voltage of inversion unit output according to the operating mode of expectation test
Active power P
2Reach parameters such as power factor, calculate the output voltage of rectification unit then
Will
Be set at the voltage given value of rectification unit, inversion unit respectively, treat device stable operation after, the temperature rise that can measure each power device of frequency converter.Be ratings if set inversion unit output power and power factor, then can measure the temperature rise and the loss of power device under the nominal output.In the above-mentioned process of the test, the path of power circuit is from inversion unit output, through the loop of reactor, rectification unit and intermediate dc side formation; Whole process is except that the loss on power device and circuit; Do not have other meritorious consumptions, compare with the rated capacity of frequency converter to be measured, the loss of test is very little; Usually less than 10%, therefore also can do very for a short time for these losses provide the external direct current power supply capacity of electric energy.
In process of the test; Keep the inversion unit output voltage constant, the output voltage of regulating the rectification unit side is the scalable reactor current, because reactor induction reactance is selected lessly; Its voltage does not need mutually far short of what is expected can the generation than big electric current, makes inversion unit may operate at nominal output; Through the power factor of flexible inversion unit output, realize simulation to different operating modes, loss and the temperature rise of full test frequency converter under different operating modes, and then accurately apparatus for evaluating is exerted oneself.
Though being noted that the mode of connection of Fig. 1 is to three level topology frequency converter, this method also is applicable to the big-power transducer test of two level or other structures, and the device for power switching of these frequency converters can be IGBT, also can be IGCT.
Key property of this method is that its inversion side power factor can flexible.Because the temperature rise of transducer power device is closely related with power factor, so power factor is adjustable very important to frequency converter temperature rise proving installation.Be the influence of explanation power factor to the device temperature rise, brief analysis is made in the current flowing path during down in the face of the work of diode clamp three-level inverter.Fig. 3 has provided the waveform of the interior inverter one phase voltage modulating wave u of one-period and this phase current i;
is power-factor angle among the figure, and illustrated case shows that this moment, inverter connect inductive load.
Current path is shown in Fig. 4 (a).This moment, modulation voltage was for just, and load current is for negative, this phase brachium pontis state of inversion unit just, switching between zero; V1 and V3 take turns conducting, and V2 is in conducting state always; Load current flows into through D1, D2 when positive status, when zero condition, flows into through V3, D6.In said process, almost there is not electric current to flow through among the V1, loss is very little; The existing conduction loss of V3 also has switching loss; Sustained diode 1, D2 flow through electric current when conducting, have conduction loss; D1 bears back-pressure when turn-offing, have reverse recovery loss, and D2 when turn-offing because V2 and V3 are open-minded, do not bear back-pressure, do not have reverse recovery loss.
Current path in this zone is shown in Fig. 4 (b).This moment, modulation voltage was for just, and load current is being for just, this phase brachium pontis state of inversion unit just, zero between switching; V1 and V3 take turns conducting, and V2 is in conducting state always; Load current flows out through V1, V2 when positive status, when zero condition, flows out through V2, D5.With zone 1) analysis classes seemingly, this moment, V1 existing conduction loss also had switching loss, there is conduction loss in V2; D5 bears back-pressure when turn-offing, have reverse recovery loss.
Current path is shown in Fig. 4 (c).This moment, modulation voltage was for negative, and load current is for just, and brachium pontis switches between negative state and zero condition; V2 and V4 take turns conducting, and V3 is in conducting state always; Load current flows out through D3, D4 when the state of bearing, and when zero condition, flows out through V2, D5.In this zone, the V2 pipe exists conduction loss and switching loss; The D3 pipe has conduction loss, D4 to manage existing conduction loss has reverse recovery loss again.
Current path is shown in Fig. 4 (d).This moment, modulation voltage was negative, and load current is for negative, and this phase brachium pontis state of inversion unit switches between negative, zero; V2 and V4 take turns conducting, and V3 is in conducting state always; Load current flows into through V3, V4 when the state of bearing, and when zero condition, flows into through V3, D6.In this zone, V3, V4 flow through electric current when conducting, have conduction loss; V4 is because also there is switching loss in switch motion, and there is reverse recovery loss in D6.
Above-mentioned analysis shows: during the tri-level inversion cell operation; The size that flows through electric current in the power device is relevant with power factor, the voltage magnitude of inversion unit output with the time; So the temperature rise of device is also relevant with power factor, therefore, adopt this test unit through regulating the power factor of inversion unit output; Can loss and the temperature rise of comprehensive test frequency converter under various operating modes, and then accurately apparatus for evaluating is exerted oneself.
In order to verify feasibility of the present invention, the present invention is further specified below in conjunction with simulation example.During emulation, frequency converter adopts three level structures, sets inverter and is output as:
P
2=2MW,
Reactor is elected 1mH as, and line loss use lumped parameter is that the resistance of 0.01 ' Ω is represented; According to above-mentioned condition, the output voltage that can obtain the PWM rectifier is:
Inverter and PWM controlled rectifier are all adopted space vector modulation, and the PWM frequency is 625Hz, the simulation result during stable state such as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.Fig. 5 has provided voltage, electric current and the active power simulation result of inversion unit side, wherein, and u
2Be the phase voltage waveform of inversion unit output, u
2fBe u
2Fundamental waveform, i
LBe the electric current on the reactor, p
2Active power instantaneous value for inversion unit output; Fig. 6 has provided voltage, electric current and the active power simulation result of rectification unit, wherein, and u
1Be the voltage waveform of the relative DC side mid point of rectification unit a O, i.e. rectification unit a phase voltage modulation waveform; u
1fBe u
1Fundamental waveform; i
LBe a phase inductance current waveform; p
1For the instantaneous active power of rectification unit output, be in each primitive period result calculated.As can be seen from Figure 5, the phase voltage first-harmonic u of inverter output
A1Its peak value is 970V, and effective value is 686V, and is very approaching with set-point; The first-harmonic of phase voltage is ahead of phase current, infers that according to the phase place of voltage over zero leading current zero crossing power factor is slightly larger than 0.85; The instantaneous value p of active power
2Near 2MW, fluctuate.The result of Fig. 6 is also approaching with the emulation setting value, particularly instantaneous active power p
1Near-1.98MW, fluctuate, show that the meritorious overwhelming majority of inverter output is absorbed by rectifier, only have fraction to be converted into line loss, realized testing the purpose of high-power device with the low capacity electrical network.
It is emphasized that; Embodiment of the present invention is illustrative; Rather than it is determinate; Therefore the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described in the embodiment, and every other embodiments that drawn by those skilled in the art's technical scheme according to the present invention belong to the scope that the present invention protects equally.