CN102503708A - Manufacture method of carbonized particle nutrition soil for culturing arethusa plants - Google Patents
Manufacture method of carbonized particle nutrition soil for culturing arethusa plants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacture method of carbonized particle nutrition soil for culturing arethusa plants. According to the method, clay powder and organic powder of crop straws, fungus culture waste materials, sawdust or grass scraps or sugarcane slag and the like are mixed into mixed materials; clean water and nutrition elements required by arethusa plants are added and are uniformly stirred; the materials are pressed into solid particles in the size required by the growth of the arethusa plants by a granulating machine; and the solid particles are subjected to dry distillation and carbonization in a sealed container to obtain carbonized particle nutrition soil; or the mixed materials are pressed into the particles without adding the nutrition elements, and the particles are subjected to dry distillation and carbonization and are then soaked by nutrition element solution to be made into the carbonized particle nutrition soil. The carbonized particle nutrition soil prepared by the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the culture substrate and the nutrition ingredients required by the arethusa plants are integrated, the special requirement of the arethusa plants on the culture substrates is met, the nutrition substances can be continuously provided for the arethusa plants, the selection and the ingredient matching of plant materials in the arethusa plant culture are simplified, and the culture method of the arethusa plants is standardized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing technology of orchid charing particle nutrition soil, particularly a kind of method of manufacture of utilizing agricultural crop straw, mushroom cultivation dead meal, wood chip, careless bits, bagasse, clay etc. as orchid charing particle nutrition soil raw material.
Background technology
For the growth and breeding of most plants, both needed nutrition also to need soil, general plant utilization surface layer soil or add some fertilizer and also just can satisfy.Yet some special plants, particularly some economic plants are often because soil former thereby can not normal growth.For example lean on the orchid of meat mycorhiza existence, the soil that they require should be ventilated, can preserve moisture by water conservation again, also will be rich in nutritive ingredient, and these require to exist each other inharmonious, are difficult to reach fully its requirement.But orchid is important flower plant; It is again important medicinal plant; The orchid extremely concern and the attention of all circles have how been cultivated; And the culture substrate of orchid is its cultivation key of success; So people are doing a large amount of work aspect the orchid culture substrate, there has been the cultivation of some orchids to sell on the market, as adding nutrition soil that some chemical fertilizer process with careless carbon, adding with peat that some chemotrophy compositions are processed particulate nutrition soil as " blue bacterium is native ", the nutrition of processing with sylvan life rotted leaf and earth is native with nutrition soil and cultivation batching; Also have and from burn soil, vegetable mould, river sand, Pumice, ear leaf, oak, Qinggang skin, Cortex Pini, fern root, sphagna, charcoal, perlite (document 1,2,3 and 4 sees reference) or the like raw material, select wherein several kinds, be mixed with various culture substratees or nutrition soil according to a certain percentage.Therefore, the culture substrate of orchid is innumerable only not with prescription at present, even the culture substrate of everyone different batches is also all not exclusively the same with prescription, has so just enlarged the randomness of cultivation orchid greatly, has reduced due science.And in these nutrition soil, culture substrate or the prescription; Also none can satisfy orchid normal growth and required nutritional requirement fully, and also not having a kind of nutrition soil or cultivation medium formula up to present the whole nation from the leadership to the masses is that most of orchid growers accept fully and admit.So everybody generally acknowledges that the orchid difficulty plants.This has just seriously restricted the development of plantation, exploitation, utilization and the industry of orchid, and the national conditions with the maximum production of flowers and plants state-China in the world today are not complementary yet.
Reference:
1, Chen Xinqi etc., 1998, Chinese cymbidium pandect, Beijing, China Forest press.
2, Chen Xinqi etc., 2010, state orchid and kind pandect thereof, Beijing, China Forest press.
3, close Wenchang etc., 2002, Lan Huibao mirror, Hangzhou: Hangzhou Publishing House.
4, fourth Yongkang, 1999, China blue is planted and 300 is asked Beijing, China Youth Press.
5, Cao Ziyi etc., 1996, practical plant tissue culture technique study course, Lanzhou, Gansu science tech publishing house.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention; Exactly in order to overcome the requirement that existing nutrition soil can not satisfy orchid normal growth and required nutritive element fully; Adopt physics and chemofacies bonded means, provide a kind of and be more suitable in the method for manufacture of the charing particle nutrition soil of cultivation orchid.
Basic thought of the present invention is: investigate for many years, study and test through the applicant; Found a kind of manufacturing novel method that can not only be suitable for the charing particle nutrition soil of orchid growth and breeding, and organic wastes such as agricultural crop straw, mushroom cultivation dead meal, wood chip, grass bits, bagasse are fully used.The method of manufacture of orchid charing particle nutrition soil provided by the invention is when being directed against the orchid growth and breeding, to require its nutrition soil to be rich in the abundant nutrition material; And should be ventilated, physics and chemofacies bonded means are adopted in the water conservation specific requirement of preserving moisture again; Organism such as stalk are ground into powder to add; Or do not add orchid growth essential nutrient element, and add entry and clay powders again, it is mixed into compound; Use commercially available pelleter, compound is pressed into the solid particulate of the required sized of orchid; With carrying out airtight high temperature carbonization charing after the solid particulate drying, the person promptly is required charing particle to have added the nutritive element after the cooling again; The particle that does not add nutritive element promptly gets required charing particle again after nutrition element solution soaking.Gained charing particle can be ventilated; Can preserve moisture by water conservation again, and store the orchid necessary nutritive ingredient of growing, can constantly discharge the required nutritive ingredient of orchid growth and breeding; Be a kind of long lasting slow-release fertilizer, so be referred to as " charing particle nutrition soil ".
The objective of the invention is to realize through the technical scheme that following measure constitutes:
A kind of method of manufacture of cultivating orchid charing particle nutrition soil of the present invention is with agricultural crop straw or mushroom cultivation dead meal or wood chip or grass bits or bagasse organism powder and the mixed mixed powder that gets of clay powders; Add orchid growth desired nutritional element again and process particle, particle is promptly got charing particle nutrition soil through dry distillation charring; Specifically comprise following process step:
(1) stalk or mushroom cultivation dead meal or wood chip or grass bits or bagasse organism and clay are ground into organism powder and clay powders with kibbler;
(2) by weight percentage, organic dust accounts for 2-98%, and the ratio that clay powders accounts for 98-2% is prepared into mixed powder, adds macroelement and trace element in the B5 medium prescription then, or macroelement in the MS culture medium prescription and trace element; The amount of macroelement in the said substratum and trace element is to prepare by the gross weight proportioning of prepared particle nutrition soil, and the amount that reconcentration is 10 times adds processes the nutrition powder;
(3) use pelleter to be pressed into the solid particulate of diameter said nutrition powder as the 5mm-20mm size;
(4) said solid particulate is carried out dry distillation charring, its carbonization temperature is 200 ℃-300 ℃ under the normal pressure, and carbonization time 30 minutes-90 minutes, the solid particulate behind dry distillation charring are the charing particle nutrition soil of cultivation orchid.
In the such scheme, said stalk contains the stalk of rice class stalk or wheat class stalk or maize stalk or beans stalk or cotton.
In the such scheme, said mushroom cultivation dead meal contains edible fungi cultivation dead meal or medical fungus cultivation dead meal.
In the such scheme, said wood chip contains the bark bits; Said grass bits contain peat composed of rotten mosses bits.
In the such scheme, said stalk powder length is below 10mm; Its granularity of said clay powders should be able to be through 80 purposes sieve.
A kind of method of manufacture of cultivating orchid charing particle nutrition soil of the present invention is characterized in that agricultural crop straw or mushroom cultivation dead meal or wood chip or grass bits or bagasse organism powder and the mixed mixed powder that gets of clay powders; Do not add the orchid family plant-growth desired nutritional element in the said mixed powder and just be pressed into solid particulate; After solid particulate carried out dry distillation charring; Place the solution of said nutritive element preparation to soak again, then through filtering the charing particle nutrition soil that dried solid particulate is the cultivation orchid.
In the such scheme, said nutritive element solution is the amount according to macroelement, trace element in the B5 medium prescription, or the amount of macroelement, trace element in the MS culture medium prescription; Than preparation, reconcentration 20 extraordinarily water is mixed with said nutritive element solution by prepared charing particle nutrition soil gross weight.
In the such scheme, the concentration of said nutritive element solution is the water preparation by 3-6 times of weight of manufacturing charing particle nutrition soil gross weight.
In the such scheme, the said time that solid particulate places said nutritive element solution to soak behind dry distillation charring is 2-48 hour.
Dry distillation charring of the present invention be a kind of have in the encloses container that opens wide and close switch carry out, in the high-temperature resistant container stove of the facility of heating is arranged, its heating mode can be used and burn coal, Sweet natural gas, also can electricity consumption.Its simple device can improve this dry distillation charring process of accomplishing slightly with the honeycomb briquette stove in modern times.Its sophisticated installation can be designed to full-automatic quantity-produced dry distillation charring process production line.
The present invention compared with prior art has following technique effect and economic results in society:
1, the charing particle nutrition soil of the inventive method manufacturing combines required culture substrate and the nutritive ingredient of orchid growth together, has both satisfied the particular requirement of orchid to culture substrate, can for orchid nutritive substance be provided continuously again.Simplified in the orchid cultivation and planted selecting of material and matching of composition; Standard cultivating method.
2, the charing particle nutrition soil of the inventive method manufacturing is that organism powder such as stalk, necessary nutritive element, clay powders and the water of orchid growth are mixed into powder, is shaped through mechanical presses, forms through dry distillation charring again.Has its dry distillation charring of following meaning: a. and is exactly once sterilization process completely; B. dry distillation charring is in encloses container, to carry out, and is not only little to the nutritive element loss that adds, and organic charcoal itself that this dry distillation charring obtains is exactly the desired nutritional material of plant, also has the moisture of absorption and moisture preserving function; C. in the dry distillation charring process; Moisture and air in the charing particle are discharged from, and have stayed more space, not only help water storage and preserve moisture; And more help orchid rhizosphere growth absorption nutrition, also created more living space simultaneously for the rhizospheric microorganism growth.
3, the charing particle nutrition soil made of the inventive method, its nutritive ingredient be by the orchid growth need be formulated through science, can not only reduce the blindness in cultivation, the fertilising process, and can improve the standardized degree and the science of cultivating.People do not need to go again to consider cultivation medium formula OK, also decrease the selection and the pre-treatment process of having removed culture substrate.This has not only made things convenient for ten million orchid fan's kind, foster orchid, and is more suitable for the orchid large plantation family's of big area, mass-producing kind, foster orchid.Can predict, the enforcement of the present invention's technology will promote advancing of China's orchid industry greatly.
4, the charing particle nutrition soil of the inventive method manufacturing, its starting material are inexhaustible renewable resourcess, and many starting material are exhausted in the at present commercially available orchid culture substrate, are Nonrenewable resources.Like letterwood, it is one type of protective plant of country ' tree fern ' withered; Qinggang bark, Cortex Pini all are limited resources; ' peat composed of rotten mosses ' is ancestors' in several thousand remains etc.
Ultimate principle of the present invention is: according to the particular requirement of orchid meat mycorhiza to culture substrate, utilize organism such as stalk behind high temperature carbonization, can obtain nutritious organic charcoal; Utilize the adhesive capacity of clay that organism such as straw powder or wood dust are mixed, when certain water cut, under the effect of pressure, just can produce needed solid granulates; Under the hot conditions of dry distillation charring; Clay can combine closelyr with the charcoal after the destructive distillation; Can produce many storage and mobile slight void that help nutritive substance simultaneously; Because dry distillation charring is under airtight condition, to carry out, and can not cause by the loss of the nutritive element of pyrolyzate, so can also in raw material, add nutritive element as required.Therefore, the present invention just is based on this principle and produces the charing particle nutrition soil that is suitable for the orchid growth and breeding.
Embodiment
Through specific embodiment the present invention being done further detailed description below, is any restriction to protection domain of the present invention but should not be construed as.
In following examples, used instrument and raw material are following:
Used kibbler and pelleter are Sichuan Province, Chengdu pelleter subsidiary factory of stockbreeding machine factory product.
Used dry distillation charring container is a kind of resistant to elevated temperatures stove, has the lid ability airtight above the stove, and the device of heating is arranged at the stove bottom.
Used nutritive element prescription measure macroelement and the trace element in B5 medium; Or the macroelement in the MS substratum and trace element (document 5 that sees reference, P22-24).
Used straw is purchased by gathering in the rural area season.
Used clay picks up from the mountain area or the earth of mound woods.
In orchid, the diameter of the solid particulate cultivating materials that different varieties is required is inequality, and its solid particulate diameter commonly used is about 5mm, or 8mm, or 10mm; And on same pelleter, only needing more mold exchange, the solid particulate that just can produce different size diameter comes.
Embodiment 1
Respectively Rice grass, clay, dried and pulverized with a pulverizer into powder, Rice grass powder length of less than 5mm; clay powder to pass 80 mesh sieve, by weight percentage of 2% Rice meal and 98% of clay powder mixed to obtain mixed powder material; Then B5 medium formulations large number of elements, the amount of trace elements, according to the prepared carbonized particles nutritive ratio of the total weight of the preparation, and then concentrated 10-fold, directly added to the mixed powder, then add water and mix thoroughly clean to obtain nutrition powder; nutrition powder in the water content of about 12%, and further mixed evenly, then apply the pellet feed machine nutrition powder prepared solid particles having a particle diameter of about 5mm, the solid particles were air-dried , in an airtight container for carbonization carbonization, carbonization temperature in the reactor to be increased to 200 ℃, the lid on the vessel and then, maintaining the container temperature at about 250 ℃, sealed carbonization time of 30 minutes, or to obtain the desired carbonization cultivated orchids nutritive soil particles.
Embodiment 2
With being ground into powder with kibbler after wheat straw, the clay drying, wheat straw powder length is below 7mm respectively; Clay powders can be crossed 80 mesh sieves, is that 98% barley seeding food mixes with 2% clay powder by weight percentage, must mixed powder; Then with the amount of the macroelement in the MS culture medium prescription, trace element, than preparation, 10 times of reconcentration directly join in the above-mentioned mixed powder by the gross weight of made charing particle nutrition soil, add cleaning water again to mix well, the nutrition powder; It is about 15% that water cut in the nutrition powder is controlled at, and after further mixing, uses pelleter again the nutrition powder is prepared into solid particulate; The about 20mm of its diameter behind the solid particulate natural air drying, places airtight dry distillation carbonizing furnace to carry out dry distillation charring; After treating that temperature rises to 200 ℃ in the dry distillation carbonizing furnace, again the bell above the stove is covered, keep furnace temperature about 300 ℃; Airtight carbonization time 90 minutes promptly obtains the required charing particle nutrition soil of orchid cultivation.
Embodiment 3
With being ground into powder with kibbler after edible fungus culturing dead meal, the clay drying, edible fungus culturing dead meal powder length is below 10mm respectively; Clay powders can be crossed 80 mesh sieves, is that 50% edible fungus culturing dead meal powder mixes with 50% clay powder by weight percentage, must mixed powder; Macroelement in then B5 medium being filled a prescription, micro-amount are prepared by the gross weight ratio of made charing particle nutrition soil, and the amount that reconcentration is 10 times directly joins in the above-mentioned mixed powder, adds cleaning water again to mix well, and gets the nutrition powder; It is about 13% that water cut in the nutrition powder is controlled at, and after further mixing, uses pelleter again the nutrition powder is prepared into solid particulate; The about 8mm of its diameter behind the solid particulate natural air drying, places airtight dry distillation carbonizing furnace to carry out dry distillation charring; After treating that temperature rises to 200 ℃ in the dry distillation carbonizing furnace, again the bell above the stove is covered, keep furnace temperature about 200 ℃; Airtight carbonization time 90 minutes can obtain the required charing particle nutrition soil of orchid cultivation.
Embodiment 4
Used instrument, culture medium prescription are identical with embodiment 1.
With being ground into powder with kibbler after bagasse, the clay drying, bagasse powder length is below 5mm respectively; Clay powders can be crossed 80 mesh sieves, is that 25% bagasse powder mixes with 75% clay powder by weight percentage, mixed powder, the adding cleaning water is mixed well it, makes the water cut in the mixed powder be controlled at about 12%.Use pelleter again mixed powder is prepared into solid particulate, the about 10mm of diameter is behind the solid particulate natural air drying; Place airtight dry distillation carbonizing furnace to carry out dry distillation charring; After treating that temperature rises to 200 ℃ in the dry distillation carbonizing furnace, again the bell above the stove is covered, keep furnace temperature about 250 ℃; About 50 minutes of airtight carbonization time promptly obtains the dry distillation charring particle.According to the amount of macroelement in the MS culture medium prescription with trace element; Gross weight ratio preparation by prepared charing particle nutrition soil; 20 times of reconcentration add water and are mixed with 3 times of nutritive element aqueous solution to prepared particle nutrition soil gross weight, will be through the charing particle after the high temperature carbonization charing; Directly be immersed in the prepared nutritive element aqueous solution 3 hours, after filtering drying, promptly obtain the charing particle nutrition soil that the cultivation the orchid family is planted again.
Embodiment 5
Used instrument, culture medium prescription are identical with embodiment 1.
With being ground into powder with kibbler after maize stalk, the clay drying, maize stalk powder length is below 5mm respectively; Clay powders can be crossed 80 mesh sieves, is that 75% maize stalk powder mixes with 25% clay powder by weight percentage, mixed powder, the adding cleaning water is mixed well it, makes the water cut in the mixed powder be controlled at about 15%.Use pelleter again mixed powder is prepared into solid particulate, the about 15mm of diameter is behind the solid particulate natural air drying; Place airtight dry distillation carbonizing furnace to carry out dry distillation charring; After treating that temperature rises to 200 ℃ in the dry distillation carbonizing furnace, again the bell above the stove is covered, keep furnace temperature about 280 ℃; Airtight carbonization time 80 minutes promptly obtains the dry distillation charring particle.Amount according to macroelement in the B5 medium prescription and trace element; Gross weight ratio preparation by prepared charing particle nutrition soil; 20 times of reconcentration add water and are mixed with 6 times of nutritive element aqueous solution to prepared particle nutrition soil gross weight, will be through the charing particle after the high temperature carbonization charing; Directly be immersed in the prepared nutritive element aqueous solution 48 hours, after filtering drying, promptly obtain the required charing particle nutrition soil of orchid again.
Claims (9)
1. a method of manufacture of cultivating orchid charing particle nutrition soil is characterized in that agricultural crop straw or mushroom cultivation dead meal or wood chip or grass bits or bagasse organism powder and the mixed mixed powder that gets of clay powders; Add orchid growth desired nutritional element and process particle, said particle is promptly got charing particle nutrition soil through dry distillation charring; Specifically comprise following process step:
(1) stalk or mushroom cultivation dead meal or wood chip or grass bits or bagasse organism and clay are ground into organism powder and clay powders with kibbler;
(2) by weight percentage, organic dust accounts for 2-98%, and the ratio that clay powders accounts for 98-2% is prepared into mixed powder, adds macroelement and trace element in the B5 medium prescription then, or macroelement in the MS culture medium prescription and trace element; The amount of macroelement in the said substratum and trace element is to prepare by the gross weight ratio of manufacturing charing particle nutrition soil, and the amount that reconcentration is 10 times adds processes the nutrition powder;
(3) adopt granulator to be pressed into the solid particulate that diameter is the 5mm-20mm size said nutrition powder;
(4) said solid particulate is carried out dry distillation charring, under the normal pressure, 200 ℃-300 ℃ of its carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 30 minutes-90 minutes, the solid particulate behind dry distillation charring are the charing particle nutrition soil of cultivation orchid.
2. according to the method for manufacture of the said cultivation of claim 1 orchid charing particle nutrition soil, it is characterized in that said stalk contains the stalk of rice class stalk or wheat class stalk or maize stalk or beans stalk or cotton.
3. according to the method for manufacture of the said cultivation of claim 1 orchid charing particle nutrition soil, it is characterized in that said mushroom cultivation dead meal contains edible fungi cultivation dead meal or medical fungus cultivation dead meal.
4. according to the method for manufacture of the said cultivation of claim 1 orchid charing particle nutrition soil, it is characterized in that said wood chip contains the bark bits; Said grass bits contain peat composed of rotten mosses bits.
5. according to the method for manufacture of the said cultivation of claim 1 orchid charing particle nutrition soil, it is characterized in that said stalk powder length is below 10mm; Said clay powders granularity should be able to be through 80 purposes sieve.
6. a method of manufacture of cultivating orchid charing particle nutrition soil is characterized in that agricultural crop straw or mushroom cultivation dead meal or wood chip or grass bits or bagasse organism powder and the mixed mixed powder that gets of clay powders; Do not add the orchid family plant-growth desired nutritional element in the said mixed powder and just be pressed into solid particulate; After said solid particulate carried out dry distillation charring; The solution that places said nutritive element to be mixed with again soaks, then through filtering the charing particle nutrition soil that dried solid particulate is the cultivation orchid.
7. according to the native method of manufacture of the said cultivation of claim 6 orchid charing particle nutrition; It is characterized in that said nutritive element solution is the amount according to macroelement, trace element in the B5 medium prescription, or the amount of macroelement, trace element in the MS culture medium prescription; By manufacturing charing particle nutrition soil gross weight than preparation, concentrate 20 extraordinarily water be mixed with nutritive element solution.
8. according to the method for manufacture of the said cultivation of claim 7 orchid charing particle nutrition soil, the concentration that it is characterized in that said nutritive element solution is the weight preparation by 3-6 times of water of manufacturing charing particle nutrition soil gross weight.
9. according to the method for manufacture of claim 6 or 7 or 8 said cultivation orchid charing particle nutrition soil, it is characterized in that the said time that solid particulate places said nutritive element solution to soak behind dry distillation charring is 2-48 hour.
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| CN104926552A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-09-23 | *** | Production method for ardealite carbonization nutrient soil |
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Application publication date: 20120620 |