CN102502959A - Process for enhancing denitrogenation of membrane bioreactor by anaerobic fermentation acid production - Google Patents
Process for enhancing denitrogenation of membrane bioreactor by anaerobic fermentation acid production Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for enhancing denitrogenation of a membrane bioreactor by anaerobic fermentation acid production. The process adopts an enhanced anaerobic tank, an anoxic tank and an aerobic tank. After entering the process, the sewage undergoes biochemical treatments including anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic denitrification and aerobic nitrification under the action of different kinds of microorganisms, and finally the effluent is sucked and collected by membrane filtration. By optimizing the growth environment of microorganisms in the anaerobic section, the process, on the one hand, promotes hydrolysis acidification of particle-stage organic matters (including colloid-state organic matters), slowly-degradable organic matters and hardly-degradable organic matters in the raw sewage, and on the other hand, produces acids from the excessive activated sludge which is discharged to the anaerobic tank to provide high-quality carbon sources for anaerobic denitrification. Besides, the process enhances the biological denitrification process by increasing sludge concentration, solves the problem of insufficient carbon source in biological denitrification process, and achieves the purpose of removing total nitrogen from the sewage with high efficiency by virtue of high-efficiency cut-off and separation characteristics of the membrane. The process can supplement carbon sources to the denitrification section for enhanced denitrogenation by fully utilizing converted carbon sources in the incoming water and carbon sources generated by sludge fermentation in the process without needing extra carbon sources. The process is simple and flexible in control, and the total nitrogen in the effluent can reach or exceed the first-class (A-class) discharge standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water and technical field of waste water processing, be specifically related to a kind of anaerobic fermentation and acid production and strengthen the film-bioreactor denitrification treatment process.
Background technology
Along with the environment water more serious contamination, strict more nutritive substance emission standard has all been formulated to prevent the further eutrophication of receiving water body in many countries and place.At present, the more and more places of China require the municipal effluent plant effluent to reach " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " one-level A standard (GB18918-2002), wherein total nitrogen requirement＜15mg/L; And the renovation technique of comprehensive lifting sewage treatment plant effluent quality has been formulated in the Beijing area, requires treat effluent to reach surface water IV class water body standard, and wherein total nitrogen requires＜1.5 mg/L; In addition, in water pollution comparatively serious city and area, like Kunming, then require the Sewage Plant upgrading after the water part index be superior to country-level A standard, even also reach IV class water body standard, for new approach is opened up in the improvement of Dian Chi.Along with the further strict demand of country to sewage disposal plant effluent, the upgrading of sewage work becomes the focus that the draining industry is paid close attention to gradually, also is the main challenge that the draining industry faces simultaneously.
Film-bioreactor (MBR) is that membrane separation technique and traditional activated sludge process organically combine the novel sewage treatment process that forms, and characteristics are being brought into play more and more important effect in WWT and reuse because of having that effluent quality is good, floor space is little and sludge yield is low etc.Yet the research emphasis of present domestic MBR mainly is placed on pollutant removal mechanism, film pollution mechanism and film and pollutes aspects such as control, and the aspect research of MBR strengthened denitrification is still inadequate.General nitrification efficiency is higher among the MBR, and denitrification process is controlled by denitrification mainly, and owing to be subject to the denitrifying carbon source deficiency, the water outlet nitric nitrogen accounts for the higher per-cent of total nitrogen, and the removal of total nitrogen needs further to optimize.MBR technology since self have the traditional biological treatment process incomparable advantage; Obtained application more and more widely in WWT and resource utilization field in recent years; Also become the municipal sewage plant and carry out one of main separation technology of upgrading; How further to strengthen of the efficient removal of MBR technology, realize that the lifting of effluent quality just seems particularly urgent and important nitrogen.
Biological denitrification process mainly includes the ammonification of machine nitrogen, the denitrification of the nitrated and nitrate salt of ammonia nitrogen, and wherein ammonification can be carried out under aerobic or anaerobic condition, and nitrification is under aerobic condition, to carry out, and denitrification is under anoxia condition, to carry out.Biological denitrificaion is a nitrogenous compound through behind ammonification, nitrated, the denitrification, changes nitrogen into and removed process.Simultaneously, the assimilation of mikrobe also can be converted into part nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen or organonitrogen) integral part of microorganism cells, removes from sewage with the form of residual active sludge.
Traditional biological denitrification process adopts Prepositive denitrification or rear-mounted denitrification to realize the removal to nitrogen usually; The AAO technology that is provided with the anaerobism section can realize denitrogenation and dephosphorization synchronously; Wherein, Denitrification process is mainly accomplished in anoxic section and aerobic section, and nitric nitrogen that the aerobic section nitrification produces and nitrite nitrogen are back to the anoxic section again and carry out denitrification; Yet after the sewage process anaerobism section, the organism of readily biodegradable is removed by a large amount of in the sewage, causes anoxic section carbon source not enough, and denitrification process is suppressed, and has influenced denitrification effect.To the not high problem of biological denitrificaion efficient; Existing research direction mainly contains following two aspects: processing condition are improved in (1), utilize denitrification of high sludge concentration enhanced endogenesis and denitrification dephosphorization technology to realize the high efficiency synchronous of nitrogen and phosphorus is removed like yellow rosy clouds (denitrifying film-bioreactor denitrification dephosphorization technique of enhanced endogenesis and device patent of invention publication number 101279794); Ma Jun (a kind of method patent of invention publication number 10157515 of intensified denitrification and dephosphorization of urban sewage) thus being back to the preliminary sedimentation tank acidifying that is hydrolyzed after the sludge treatment with second pond bottom provides carbon source strengthened denitrification effect; The solvability COD that Wang Jianfang (utilizing the endogenous denitrification biological carbon and phosphorous removal to make the method and the reactive system patent of invention publication number 10118207 of mud decrement) utilizes mud to concentrate to produce in the Anaerobic processes realizes denitrogenation dephosphorizing as the carbon source of polyP bacteria anaerobic phosphorus release.(2) add outer carbon source, (a kind of sludge dewatering liquid is made carbon source to low ratio of carbon to ammonium municipal sewage treatment method patent of invention publication number 101575139 like Wang Chengwen; A kind of percolate is made carbon source to low ratio of carbon to ammonium municipal sewage treatment method patent of invention publication number 101575140), all outside adding, obtained reasonable treatment effect under the condition of carbon source.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of anaerobic fermentation and acid production to strengthen the film-bioreactor denitrification treatment process; This technology is mainly through optimizing anaerobic condition, under the effect of anaerobion, and particulate form in the raw waste water (containing colloidal attitude) organism, the acidication of degradation of organic substances and hardly degraded organic substance at a slow speed; The residual active sludge anaerobically fermenting that refluxes simultaneously produces the readily biodegradable material; Thereby for denitrification provides the high-quality carbon source, improve denitrification rate, realize the advanced nitrogen of sewage.
The anaerobic fermentation and acid production that the present invention proposes is strengthened the film-bioreactor denitrification treatment process; Anaerobic fermentation and acid production is strengthened film-bioreactor and is comprised degree of depth anaerobic pond 1 (sludge fermentation pond), anoxic pond 2 and Aerobic Pond 3; Wherein: degree of depth anaerobic pond 1 bottom is an anaerobic sludge layer 11; Top is anaerobism supernatant 10, and mixing stirring device 4 is set in the anoxic pond 2, and aeration aerating device 5 and membrane module 6 are set in the Aerobic Pond 3; Membrane module 6 goes out water pump 9 and pipe connection water outlet through film, and the bottom is provided with excess activated sludge discharged mouthful 12; Aerobic Pond 3 is through first reflux pump 7 and pipe connection anoxic pond 2, and through second reflux pump 8 and pipe connection degree of depth anaerobic pond 1, concrete steps are following:
Raw waste water at first gets into whole anaerobic fermentation and acid production and strengthens film-bioreactor from degree of depth anaerobic pond 1 bottom; Through one section anaerobic sludge layer 11; Under the effect of anaerobion; With fully hydrolysis of the part carbon source in the raw waste water (particulate form, colloidal attitude and part be degraded and hardly degraded organic substance at a slow speed), acidifying; Be converted into micromolecular VFA (acetate, propionic acid, isopropylformic acid etc.), the anaerobism supernatant 10 that is rich in the high-quality carbon source gets into anoxic pond 2 again, and sewage carries out denitrification process efficiently under the effect of heterotrophic bacterium; Subsequently, mud mixed liquid gets into Aerobic Pond 3, through the nitrification of excessive concentrations autotrophic microorganism; The mixed-liquor return that is rich in nitric nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to the anoxic pond 2 that produces is for denitrification process provides electron acceptor(EA), simultaneously; Active sludge in the Aerobic Pond 3 are partly refluxed to degree of depth anaerobic pond 1 bottom, carry out the anaerobically fermenting of mud and handle, the mud generation lipid acid that under anaerobic ferments; Further provide system's denitrification required carbon source, and realize mud decrement synchronously; In addition, a spot of residual active sludge is discharged in Aerobic Pond 3 bottoms, carries out under high sludge concentration to keep whole bioprocess.In this technology, total hrt 6.5 ~ 10h, wherein, anaerobic fermentation process 1.5 ~ 3.0 h, denitrification process 5.0 ~ 7.0 h; The total mud of system d in ages 80 ~ 120, nitrifier mud d in ages 15 ~ 20, membrane module flux 18 ~ 22 L/ (m
2H).
Among the present invention, said Aerobic Pond 3 is built jointly by membrane cisterna and biological reaction tank.
Among the present invention, integrated artistic need be controlled two mud ages.One is the total mud of system age, by the outer discharge capacity control of Aerobic Pond residual active sludge, is apparent mud age; Another is nitrifier mud age, is back to the sludge quantity of degree of depth anaerobic pond and the sludge quantity sum control that effluxes by Aerobic Pond.
The present invention is through changing anaerobic condition and water intake mode; The anaerobism section is designed to darker pond type and long hydraulic detention time; Create good anaerobic environment in its bottom, make particulate form in the raw waste water (containing colloidal attitude) organism, the part residual active sludge anaerobically fermenting that refluxes of degradation of organic substances and the abundant hydrolysis of hardly degraded organic substance, acidifying and Aerobic Pond at a slow speed, produce the carbon source that is prone to biological utilisation; Promote the denitrification of anoxic section, thereby promote and the strengthened denitrification effect.Simultaneously, residual active sludge carries out the sludge volume that anaerobic fermentation and acid production can reduce system, realizes the minimizing and the resource utilization of mud.
This technology is farthest excavated the utilising efficiency of carbon source need not to give full play to the advantage of anaerobic fermentation and acid production under the situation of additional carbon.On the whole, because Aerobic Pond part residual sludge reflux to anaerobic pond bottom, the sludge quantity outside the technology discharge system seldom; This technology has the operational mode of long mud age (reaching 100 days); If see that because Aerobic Pond exists the backflow and the discharging of residual active sludge, denitrification process has short mud age (25 days) and the characteristics of lacking hydraulic detention time again but anaerobism section and follow-up denitrogenation section kept apart; Save occupation of land, practiced thrift energy consumption.
Technology of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) through changing anaerobic condition and water intake mode; Make particulate form (containing colloidal attitude) organism in the raw waste water, degradation of organic substances and hardly degraded organic substance acidication fully at a slow speed; Generate the small organic molecule of readily biodegradable; For follow-up biological denitrification process provides the high-quality carbon source, denitrification effect is good, and the water outlet total nitrogen is low;
(2) residual active sludge of technology generation itself is partly refluxed to anaerobism section bottom, produces acid through sludge fermentation, and more biological carbon source is provided, and farthest excavates the utilization of carbon source rate;
(3) the anaerobism section has fully realized the combination of acidication and sludge fermentation, and the carbon source production rate is high, and best in quality;
(4) need not additional carbon, solved the insufficient problem of denitrifying carbon source;
(5) anaerobically fermenting pond receiving portion residual active sludge reduces the outer discharge capacity of mud to greatest extent, has realized the minimizing and the resource utilization of mud;
(6) can be through the quality and the content of carbon source in the quantity of reflux allotment anaerobism supernatant of regulating residual active sludge;
(7) integrated artistic has long sludge age and short hydraulic detention time, and system moves under higher sludge concentration, and occupation of land and energy consumption are utilized less.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that anaerobic fermentation and acid production of the present invention is strengthened film-bioreactor denitrification treatment process synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that anaerobic fermentation and acid production of the present invention is strengthened film-bioreactor denitrification treatment process fundamental diagram;
Label among the figure: 1 is degree of depth anaerobic pond (sludge fermentation pond); 2 is anoxic pond; 3 are Aerobic Pond (building jointly with film-biological reaction tank); 4 is mixing stirring device; 5 is the aeration aerating device; 6 is membrane module; 7 is first reflux pump; 8 is second reflux pump; 9 go out water pump for film; 10 is the anaerobism supernatant; 11 is the anaerobic sludge layer; 12 is excess activated sludge discharged mouthful; 13 is gas blower; 14 is gas meter.
Embodiment
Combine accompanying drawing to further specify the present invention through embodiment below.
Technology of the present invention is by the operation scheme setting according to the liquid level difference plug-flow of degree of depth anaerobic pond 1, anoxic pond 2 and Aerobic Pond 3.At first; Sewage gets into reactor drum from degree of depth anaerobic pond 1 bottom, through one section long anaerobic sludge layer, the part carbon source in the raw waste water (particulate form, colloidal attitude, The dissolved carbon source) is hydrolyzed, acidifying; Be converted into the small-molecule substance of readily biodegradable; Anaerobism supernatant 10 gets into anoxic pond 2 under the impellent of overflowing liquid potential difference, sewage carries out denitrification process efficiently under the effect of heterotrophic microorganism (denitrifying bacteria); Then, mud mixed liquid gets into Aerobic Pond 3, under the effect of high density autotrophic microorganism (nitrifier), carries out nitrifying process; At last, go out the suction acquisition water outlet of water pump 9 through film.In addition, this technology has two backflows, and the one, the mixed solution that Aerobic Pond 3 is rich in nitric nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is back to anoxic pond 2 through first reflux pump 7, for denitrification process provides electron acceptor(EA); The 2nd, the part active sludge drains into degree of depth anaerobic pond 1 bottom through second reflux pump 8 in the Aerobic Pond 3, carries out the anaerobically fermenting of mud, for follow-up biological denitrification provides carbon source.
Embodiment 1:
Utilize this sewage treatment process and apparatus processes typical urban sewage, water inlet COD concentration is 461 ± 287 mg/L, and total nitrogen concentration is 44.6 ± 15.1 mg/L, and total phosphorus concentration is 6.3 ± 2.4 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 28.0 ± 7.5 mg/L.Reactor drum membrane module flux 20 L/ (m
2H), system's total hrt 7.1 h, mud d in ages 100, wherein, and denitrification process hydraulic detention time 5.1 h, nitrifier mud d in ages 17, first reflux pump, 7 quantity of reflux are that 200%, the second reflux pump, 8 quantity of reflux are 1.3 L/d.This device aerobic section sludge concentration is MLSS=13.2 ± 2.1 g/L; The film effluent COD concentration is 18 ± 5 mg/L; Total nitrogen concentration is 7.2 ± 2.9 mg/L; Total phosphorus concentration is 2.2 ± 1.2 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.3 ± 0.1mg/L, and this technology is followed successively by 96.1%, 83.9%, 98.9%, 65.1% to the clearance of COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus.The water outlet total nitrogen obviously is superior to one-level A emission standard.
Embodiment 2:
Utilize this sewage treatment process and apparatus processes Rural areas sewage, water inlet COD concentration is 245 ± 105 mg/L, and total nitrogen concentration is 47.4 ± 14.5 mg/L, and total phosphorus concentration is 7.7 ± 3.9 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 35.0 ± 12.6 mg/L.Reactor drum membrane module flux 18 L/ (m
2H), system's total hrt 7.9 h, mud d in ages 100, wherein, and denitrification process hydraulic detention time 5.7 h, nitrifier mud d in ages 15, first reflux pump, 7 quantity of reflux are 200%, backflow 2 is 1.5 L/d.This device aerobic section sludge concentration is MLSS=12.5 ± 3.2 g/L; The film effluent COD concentration is 18 ± 6 mg/L; Total nitrogen concentration is 8.3 ± 2.5 mg/L; Total phosphorus concentration is 3.0 ± 1.6 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.5 ± 0.15 mg/L, and this technology is followed successively by 92.6%, 82.5%, 98.6%, 61.0% to the clearance of COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus.The water outlet total nitrogen is superior to one-level A emission standard.
Embodiment 3:
Utilize the low carbon source sewage in certain city, this sewage treatment process and apparatus processes south; Water inlet COD concentration is 150 ± 36 mg/L, and BOD concentration is 60 ± 15 mg/L, and SS is 40 mg/L; Total nitrogen concentration is 42.3 ± 10.4 mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 30.2 ± 6.5 mg/L.Reactor drum membrane module flux 15 L/ (m
2H), system's total hrt 9.5 h, mud d in ages 128, wherein, denitrification process hydraulic detention time 6.8 h, nitrifier mud d in ages 15; First reflux pump, 7 quantity of reflux are that 200%, the second reflux pump, 8 quantity of reflux are 1.5 L/d.This device aerobic section sludge concentration is MLSS=10.5 ± 3.1 g/L; The film effluent COD concentration is 16 ± 5mg/L; Total nitrogen concentration is 10.0 ± 2.3 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.5 ± 0.2 mg/L, and this technology is followed successively by 89.3%, 79.4%, 98.3% to COD, total nitrogen, ammonia-N removal rate.The water outlet total nitrogen is superior to one-level A emission standard.
Claims (1)
1. an anaerobic fermentation and acid production is strengthened the film-bioreactor denitrification treatment process; It is characterized in that anaerobic fermentation and acid production reinforcement film-bioreactor comprises degree of depth anaerobic pond (1), anoxic pond (2) and Aerobic Pond (3); Degree of depth anaerobic pond (1) bottom is anaerobic sludge layer (11); Top is anaerobism supernatant (10), and mixing stirring device (4) is set in the anoxic pond (2), and aeration aerating device (5) and membrane module (6) are set in the Aerobic Pond (3); Membrane module (6) goes out water pump (9) and pipe connection water outlet through film, and the bottom is provided with excess activated sludge discharged mouthful (12); Aerobic Pond (3) is through first reflux pump (7) and pipe connection anoxic pond (2), and through second reflux pump (8) and pipe connection degree of depth anaerobic pond (1), concrete steps are following:
Raw waste water at first gets into whole anaerobic fermentation and acid production from degree of depth anaerobic pond (1) bottom and strengthens film-bioreactor; Through one section anaerobic sludge layer (11); Under the effect of anaerobion, the abundant hydrolysis of part carbon source, acidifying with in the raw waste water are converted into micromolecular VFA; The anaerobism supernatant (10) that is rich in the high-quality carbon source gets into anoxic pond (2) again, and sewage carries out denitrification process efficiently under the effect of heterotrophic bacterium; Subsequently, mud mixed liquid gets into Aerobic Pond (3), through the nitrification of excessive concentrations autotrophic microorganism; The mixed-liquor return that is rich in nitric nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to the anoxic pond (2) that produces is for denitrification process provides electron acceptor(EA), simultaneously; Active sludge in the Aerobic Pond (3) is partly refluxed to degree of depth anaerobic pond (1) bottom, carries out the anaerobically fermenting of mud and handle, the mud generation lipid acid that under anaerobic ferments; Further provide system's denitrification required carbon source, and realize mud decrement synchronously; In addition, discharging a spot of residual active sludge in Aerobic Pond (3) bottom carries out under high sludge concentration to keep whole bioprocess; In this technology, total hrt 6.5 ~ 10h, wherein, anaerobic fermentation process 1.5 ~ 3.0h, denitrification process 5.0 ~ 7.0h; The total mud 80 ~ 120d in age of system, nitrifier mud 15 ~ 20d in age, membrane module flux 18 ~ 22 L/ (m
2H).
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