CN102500632B - Method for realizing high-pressure shearing of pipes according to wedge principle and device utilizing method - Google Patents
Method for realizing high-pressure shearing of pipes according to wedge principle and device utilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102500632B CN102500632B CN201110291933.7A CN201110291933A CN102500632B CN 102500632 B CN102500632 B CN 102500632B CN 201110291933 A CN201110291933 A CN 201110291933A CN 102500632 B CN102500632 B CN 102500632B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
- B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/063—Friction heat forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/08—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by burnishing or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing high-pressure shearing of pipes according to the wedge principle and a device utilizing the method. The method includes selecting a workpiece required to be machined and restraining the inner wall and the outer wall of the workpiece through restrainers; applying axial pressure onto the restrainers, increasing the axial pressure according to the wedge boosting principle, converting the increased axial pressure into positive pressure perpendicular to a contact surface of the workpiece to obtain high hydrostatic pressure from the inside of the workpiece; providing torque to one of the restrainers to drive the same to rotate around the center axis of the workpiece and fixing the other restrainer; or providing torques opposite in direction onto the two restrainers simultaneously and driving the same to rotate relative to the center axis of the workpiece; and realizing shearing deformation of the workpiece since different-thickness materials along the radial direction of the inside of the workpiece rotate in different angular velocities under action of the restrainers and tangential friction force of the inner wall and the outer wall of the workpiece. The method is a new plastic working method on the basis of conventional pressure equipment, expands functions of the conventional pressure equipment, is high in feasibility, has no special requirements to operation and requires simple equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing engineering field, particularly a kind of method and device thereof that utilizes splitter principle to realize the distortion of tubular material high pressure shear plasticity, be mainly used in various metal and alloy materials, Inorganic Non-metallic Materials and macromolecular material etc., to realize the plastic deformation of these materials under high hydrostatic pressure condition, thereby control and optimize its institutional framework, improving its performance.
Background technology
Severe plastic deformation (severe plastic deformation is called for short SPD) method is the general name of a series of Technology of Plastic Processing with aximal deformation value.SPD method grain refinement effect is obvious, material inside organization can be refine to even amorphous state [R. Z. Valiev. Nature materials. 2004 (3): 511-516. of submicron order, nanoscale; R. Z. Valiev, A. K. Mukherjee. Scripta mater. 2001 (44): 1747 – 1750.].In recent years, the technology that adopts SPD method to prepare block nanometer structural material has been subject to material science expert, scholars' common concern.Meanwhile, a large amount of research promotes SPD technology at the development of preparing aspect block body ultrafine grain, nanocrystalline material.The R.Z. Valiev leader's of Russia Ufa aeronautical technology university research group is thought, adopt SPD method to prepare super fine crystal material and should meet multinomial condition [R. Z. Valiev, R. K. Islamgaliev, I V. Alexandrov. Progress in Materials Science.2000 (45): 103-189.], mainly comprise: the hydrostatic pressure that large plastometric set amount, relatively low deformation temperature and deformable material are inner high.Under this principle instructs, people propose and have developed various SPD technique and method.
SPD method of greatest concern is mainly at present, accumulation rolling (accumulative roll-bonding, be called for short ARB) technology, isometrical angular deformation (equal-channel angular pressing, be called for short ECAP) technology, and high pressure torsion (high-pressure torsion is called for short HPT) technology etc.Wherein ARB technology as shown in Figure 1, can continuous production thin plate class ultra-fine grained structure material, and is easy to realize on conventional mill, and equipment is simple, and practical application is significant.But, in ARB technology process, compound in order to realize good rolling, often can not make with lubricator, the service life of this breaker roll is unfavorable.Simultaneously, because material is subject to deformation condition in the operation of rolling, to limit the hydrostatic pressure that can reach not high enough, accumulate certain deflection in process after, there will be problem of Cracking [N. Tsuji, Y. Saito, S. H. Lee, et al. Advanced Engineering Materials. 2003 (5): 338-344.].ECAP technology as shown in Figure 2, adopts this technology to carry out ultrafine grain metal processing processing and has great potential.But, for some difficult-to-cut alloies (as magnesium alloy etc.), carry out ECAP often to ftracture, if improve deformation temperature, can affect die life on the one hand, can affect again on the other hand grain refining effect.Add the restriction due to mold materials, deformation temperature can not unrestrictedly improve.And ECAP realizes large accumulating plastic deformation, need multi-pass processing, complicated operation.Back pressure ECAP (back pressure equal-channel angular pressing, be called for short BP-ECAP) apply the ECAP technology of back pressure at mould outlet passage, as shown in Figure 3, the problem of Cracking of difficult deformable metal ECAP be can solve to a certain extent, thereby microstructure and the mechanical performance of material improved; The back pressure applying is limited, and hydrostatic pressure generally maintains hundreds of MPa [R. YE. Lapovok. Journal of materials science. 2005 (40): 341-346.].The back pressure applying too Gao Ze cannot realize ECAP due to the factor such as frictional force and mould strength.HPT technology as shown in Figure 4, is that the SPD method of mentioning in meeting above is most prepared the multinomial condition that super fine crystal material should meet.Among existing SPD technology, HPT technology grain refining capability is the strongest.But, small-sized [the A. P. Zhilyaev of sample thickness direction that HPT can process, T. G. Langdon. Progress in Materials Science. 2008 (53): 893-979.], the disk-like sample of processing, radially there is larger strain gradient, be out of shape inhomogeneously, degree of grain refinement is also inhomogeneous.
People [the L.S. T ó th such as T ó th, M. Arzaghi, J.J. Fundenberger, B. Beausir:Scr. Mater. Vol. 60 (2009), p. 175] a kind of tubular material high pressure torsion method (high-pressure tube twisting, HPTT) proposed, as shown in Figure 5, lay elasticity plug in tubular workpiece inside, outside is nested with rigid disc (rigid disk), and sample two ends are fixed with baffle plate.When plug is pressurizeed, plug is radially expanded tubular workpiece inwall is produced to radial pressure, and rigid disc produces a rightabout radial pressure to tubular workpiece outer wall simultaneously, thereby in tubular workpiece, produces hydrostatic pressure.Now rotate ring set, tubular workpiece is realized detrusion under skin-friction force effect.This method is fine, and its topmost problem is that the method is radial loaded mode to the load mode of sample, that is to say, the method directly applies axial compressive force to plug, and plug is producing radial pressure to sample.Under this load mode, pressure is not directly carried in the axial of tubular material, the strain of the hydrostatic pressure that sample bears after from plug pressurized, because plug strain can not be very large, be difficult to produce high hydrostatic pressure, thereby the frictional force that can provide is limited, be only applicable to simple metal that intensity is lower etc.For the higher material of intensity, because the frictional force that can produce does not reach the yield strength of material, the phenomenon such as easily occur skidding, cannot realize needed distortion.
The method on the other hand problem is that the plate washer that is positioned at tubular workpiece two ends is beam type structure, inadequate to the constraint of sample axial deformation, and when hydrostatic pressure that sample bears is higher, material is easy to extrude from gap, affects process.
The present invention proposes a kind of technology of utilizing splitter principle to realize the detrusion of tubular material high pressure, the applied splitter of this technology (wedge) principle, claims again wedge effect or inclined plane force increasing principle.This principle can be with drawing close theorem (Lami's theorem) to make an explanation: in same plane, when three concurrent force make a concerted effort to be zero time, wherein any power equate with the ratio of other two power angle sines [R.K. Bansal (2005). Laxmi Publications. p. 4.].The low-angle inclined-plane of splitter or wedge can be regarded force amplification as, as shown in Figure 5, in the time that the relative one end of splitter is applied to power, the object contacting with the inclined-plane that forms splitter will be subject to much larger than the normal pressure that applies power [Sybil P. Parker, ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992, p. 2041.].Compared with a kind of tubular material high pressure torsion method that the people such as this design and T ó th propose, can in sample, more effectively produce high hydrostatic pressure.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new severe plastic deformation method and device thereof: utilize splitter principle to realize the technology of tubing high pressure shear.The present invention realizes high hydrostatic pressure and has utilized the power enlarge-effect of splitter principle, this technology is met well and adopt SPD method to prepare the multinomial condition that super fine crystal material should meet, as large plastometric set amount, relatively low deformation temperature and the inner high hydrostatic pressure of deformable material.The method has been avoided the loaded down with trivial details technical process of the Technology Need multi-pass such as ARB, ECAP and back pressure ECAP operation, simultaneously, due to load mode difference in essence, the method has also overcome the problems such as people HPTT method hydrostatic pressure deficiency such as T ó th, the high hydrostatic pressure condition of similar HPT technology can be provided in the time of rapidoprint, thereby be applicable to the processing to difficult deformable metal and alloy, reach the institutional framework of controlling and optimize material, the effect that improves its performance.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of method of utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure, and the first workpiece of Choice and process, workpiece is the tubulose with tapering, adopts obligatory point to retrain respectively the inner and outer wall of workpiece; Then one of obligatory point end is applied to axial compressive force, utilize splitter principle supercharging, the reinforcement characteristic of (also claiming wedge effect or inclined plane force increasing principle), produce high pressure in the direction perpendicular to workpiece inside and outside wall, make workpiece generation strain or small plastic deformation, the distortion of workpiece is subject to the obstruction with deformation tendency reverse friction power, thereby, in workpiece, produce high hydrostatic pressure; Provide moment of torsion to the obligatory point contacting with the inside and outside wall of workpiece subsequently, its central shaft around workpiece is rotated, fix another obligatory point simultaneously; Or two obligatory points are provided the moment of torsion of opposite direction, under the effect of obligatory point and workpiece inside and outside wall frictional force, the inside workpiece radially material at different-thickness place rotates with different angular speed simultaneously, thereby realizes the detrusion of workpiece.
Utilize splitter principle to realize the device of tubing high pressure shear, comprise have pressure-keeping functions forcing press, the decelerator of moment of torsion is provided and there is transmission of pressure, constrained strain and realize the mould of partial rotation function; Described mould comprises: fixing or rotating rigid central spindle and rotatable or fixing rigidity ring set; Workpiece is coaxially positioned in rigidity ring set, rigidity ring set inner surface contacts with the outer wall of workpiece, the inside of workpiece is coaxially provided with rigid central spindle, rigid central spindle's outer surface contacts with the inwall of workpiece, rigid central spindle and rigidity ring set are installed along axis respectively or are placed on the upper plate and lower shoe of forcing press, and the displacement of rigidity ring set and rigid central spindle is limited, can only move vertically or rotate around central shaft.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: (1) manufacturing procedure is simple.The present invention propose the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure be a kind of on the press device with pressure-keeping functions of routine single passage be attainable severe plastic deformation method.Review such as accumulation rolling (ARB) method, multiway forging, Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) method and back pressure ECAP method etc., often need a lot of technique passages that repeat could realize the plastic deformation of high dependent variable, manpower consumption is large.And this method is utilized frictional force between rigidity ring set, tubular workpiece and mandrel, tubular workpiece, rigidity ring set and rigid central spindle are relatively rotated, realize tubular workpiece and stiffening ring overlap the outer region that contacts with respect to and the internal layer area that contacts of mandrel between shearing, thereby realize the severe plastic deformation under single technique passage.True strain is 1 ~ 10, even higher.As described in technical scheme above, the severe plastic deformation Method And Principle that the present invention proposes is simple, and equipment is easy to get, and can realize in general pressure processing factory and Plastic Forming laboratory.
(2) utilize the inclined plane force increasing effect of splitter principle, be easy at the inner high hydrostatic pressure that produces of tubular workpiece, therefore machinable material kind is wide, and working ability is strong.As described in background technology above, the high pressure cutting method that the present invention proposes, not directly to tubular material axial pressure, does not also retrain workpiece end simultaneously, thereby, the problem such as middle part insufficient pressure, pressurization unstability that may occur after not existing workpiece long.Can produce more equably hydrostatic pressure at material internal, can reach 15GPa.This be at present including HPTT other technique be beyond one's reach.And, along with the development of mold materials, the improvement of design, the hydrostatic pressure that can provide can be higher.Under this high hydrostatic pressure condition, carry out plastic deformation, the generation of material surface and underbead crack and development are effectively suppressed, thereby the machinability of a lot of difficult-to-machine materials (magnesium alloy as poor in plasticity etc.) is improved.As everyone knows, the materials such as magnesium alloy are because crystal structure is close-packed hexagonal, and slip system quantity is limited, and often plasticity is poor.The difficult-to-deformation materials such as magnesium alloy are carried out to ARB or ECAP adds man-hour, and sample often has cracking phenomena.For avoiding cracking, often need to improve processing temperature, certainly will increase processing cost, the more important thing is, along with the rising of processing temperature, the grain refining effect variation of material, it is thick that crystal grain becomes, and the original intention that this and we improve material property fails to agree.By contrast, this method can realize the plastic working to aluminium, copper, nickel, magnesium, titanium, tungsten and numerous materials such as alloy and mild steel thereof under room temperature condition or lower heating-up temperature, thereby controls and improve its institutional framework, improves its performance.
(3) the tubulose finished size that can obtain is large.In a tubular form, its size is limited by equipment scale only the processing work that the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure that the present invention proposes is chosen.Even if in laboratory, also can the high tubular material of make by the method ~ 100mm, there is good performance, slightly doing subsequent treatment can be applied in a lot of fields, and the tubular material obtaining is in addition cut open vertically, can obtain high-performance sheet material through rolling.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is accumulation composite rolling (ARB) know-why schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) know-why schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is back pressure ECAP (BP-ECAP) know-why schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is high pressure torsion (HPT) know-why schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that high-voltage tube reverses (high-pressure tube twisting-HPTT) know-why schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is splitter principle (or claim wedge effect, inclined-plane power amplification principle) schematic diagram, and as shown in Figure 2, Input Forces is P to so-called splitter principle, power output N+N'=P/sin θ, wherein θ is semi-cone angle, θ hour, power output N+N' ≈ P/ θ.This mode of inclined plane force increasing principle to tubular workpiece pressurization of utilizing, loads relatively evenly, and mould or workpiece are difficult for unstability in the process of pressurizeing.
Fig. 7 (a) is that the present invention utilizes splitter principle to realize the Method And Principle schematic diagram of tubing high pressure shear to Fig. 7 (d), wherein, 1-rigid central spindle, 2-rigidity ring set, 3-is with the tubular workpiece of tapering; H is tubular workpiece height; r
i, r
ebe respectively the inside and outside radius of tubular workpiece lower surface; θ is semi-cone angle; The active force that P provides for forcing press; The active torque that T provides for power set.Constraint reaction and constraint reaction torque do not mark; The shear of tubulose sample high pressure realizes by rigidity ring set and mandrel being applied to the active force shown in Fig. 8 and active torque or its combination that (two kinds of active force opposite directions in figure, act on respectively on rigid central spindle and ring set; Two kinds of active torque opposite directions, act on respectively on rigidity ring set and mandrel).
Fig. 8 (a) is several constraint type schematic diagrames of workpiece end of the present invention to scheming (c): the inside and outside wall of workpiece is retrained by 1-rigid central spindle and 2-rigidity ring set all the time, and (a) end is without constraint; (b) end is semi-constrained; (c) end retrains entirely.
Fig. 9 utilizes splitter principle to realize the device schematic diagram of the concrete case study on implementation of method of tubing high pressure shear, wherein, (a) be explosive view: 90-seaming chuck, 93-rigid central spindle, 95-tubular workpiece, 96-rigidity ring set, 97-ring set overcoat gear, 98-thrust bearing, 100-mandrel base; In addition, also has following characteristics: square-section, 91-seaming chuck lower end quadrangular, square-section, 92-rigid central spindle upper end shrinkage pool, square-section, 94-rigid central spindle lower end quadrangular, square-section, 99-mandrel base upper end shrinkage pool; (b) be assembling design sketch.
Figure 10 is of a size of high 30mm, 10 ° of semi-cone angle, lower surface radius r
i=10mm, r
e=14mm, the radially microhardness distribution figure of commercial-purity aluminium tubular workpiece after 25 ° of detrusions: near inner radius near outer radius, hardness becomes 33 HV (0.025kg) from 48 HV (0.025kg), the distribution trend that tapers off, but all higher than initially without the hardness of sample 31 HV (0.025kg) left and right of crossing high pressure detrusion.
Figure 11 is fine aluminium sample cross optical microphotograph metallograph: (a) initial compression state fine aluminium sample is near the multiple film polarisation metallographic of inner radius anode, average grain size approximately 40 μ m; (b) after high pressure detrusion, fine aluminium sample is near the multiple film polarisation metallographic of inner radius anode, and the sample crystal boundary after distortion does not show, does not provide the estimated value of average grain size, but can obviously find out that crystal grain is elongated, broken, refinement.
Detailed description of the invention
Materials processing object of the present invention can realize on traditional extruder with pressure-keeping functions: rigidity ring set is placed on lower shoe or push-down head backing plate between two parties.In the rigidity ring set being coaxially positioned over the tubular workpiece of tapering, rigid central spindle is connected in middle position with upper plate or seaming chuck, and passes from the center of the tubular workpiece with tapering.Rigid central spindle, workpiece and rigidity ring set three coaxial cooperation.Rigid central spindle, rigidity ring set and workpiece do not allow to be radially subjected to displacement (not allowing to produce horizontal displacement) after being coaxially assemblied between the upper and lower base plate (or pressure head) of forcing press.Then the axial compressive force, by the rigid central spindle that is connected with upper and lower base plate (or pressure head) or rigidity ring set, forcing press being provided passes to workpiece inwall.Workpiece inwall is with respect to being axially the low-angle conical surface, and according to low-angle inclined-plane (or claiming wedge, the conical surface, splitter) power amplification principle, tubular workpiece produces the immense pressure perpendicular to workpiece inwall or outer wall under the effect of axial compressive force.Rigidity ring set, mandrel play effect of contraction to workpiece radial deformation.Meanwhile, after workpiece pressurized, there is the outside mobile trend along gap between rigidity ring set and mandrel.Now, utilize the frictional force producing on workpiece and rigidity ring set and rigid central spindle's contact-making surface, or add constraint in workpiece end, hinder flow of matter.This inside and outside wall of tubular workpiece is applied to high pressure, and limit its deformation and mobile design simultaneously and make at the inside workpiece high hydrostatic pressure (1GPa ~ 15GPa) that added up.Under high hydrostatic pressure condition, although tubular workpiece alteration of form is limited, it has the free degree of rotating around central shaft.If a central shaft around workpiece in the obligatory point (being respectively mandrel and rigidity ring set) that makes to contact with workpiece inwall or outer wall rotates, another one is fixed, because huge frictional force between the inside and outside wall of workpiece and facility constraints body exists, near the material inside and outside wall of workpiece has with obligatory point and rotates or fixed trend.Under high hydrostatic pressure condition, in order to keep the continuity of material, the tubular workpiece radially material of different-thickness layer rotates the angular speed with different, relatively rotates, and material is realized detrusion under the driving of frictional force.
The present invention can make tubular material really under high hydrostatic pressure (can reach ~ 15GPa) condition, and shear plasticity distortion (very should reach 10 ~) occurs.Thereby by plastic deformation, control and optimize material institutional framework, improve its performance.
Simultaneously, the present invention only need to install a simple combination mould being made up of key elements such as rigid central spindle and rigidity ring sets on traditional extrusion equipment with pressure-keeping functions, can realize a kind of brand-new severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing method in lower temperature (as room temperature or lower heating-up temperature)---and utilize splitter principle (also claiming wedge effect or inclined plane force increasing principle) to realize the technology of tubing high pressure shear.This technical feasibility is high, and operation is without particular/special requirement, and equipment needed thereby is simple and easy to get.Meanwhile, because the present invention is the new plastic processing method that relies on conventional extruded equipment to realize, therefore expanded the function of conventional extruded equipment.The present invention is applicable to experimental study and the industrial production that severe plastic deformation is prepared block body ultrafine grain, nanocrystalline material.Utilize the present invention, can prepare high-performance metal, alloy, Inorganic Non-metallic Materials and macromolecular material.Utilize splitter principle to realize the method for tubing high pressure shear, working the sample shape making is Taper Pipe shape, has very high practical application potentiality and value.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
In conjunction with Fig. 7 (a), the present invention utilizes splitter principle to realize the method for tubing high pressure shear, the first workpiece of Choice and process, and it is shaped as the tubulose with tapering, adopts obligatory point to retrain respectively the inner and outer wall of workpiece; Then by the obligatory point at inwall place, workpiece inwall is applied to axial active force (not providing in constraint reaction figure), according to low-angle inclined-plane (or claiming wedge, the conical surface, splitter) power amplification principle, workpiece produces the immense pressure perpendicular to workpiece inwall under the effect of axial compressive force; Obligatory point plays effect of contraction to workpiece radial deformation; Meanwhile, utilize the frictional force producing on workpiece and rigidity ring set and rigid central spindle's contact-making surface, or add constraint in workpiece end, hinder flow of matter; This workpiece inwall is applied to high pressure, and limit its deformation and mobile design simultaneously and make at the inside workpiece high hydrostatic pressure (1GPa ~ 15GPa) that added up; Provide active torque (not providing in constraint reaction torque figure) to the obligatory point contacting with workpiece outer wall subsequently, its central shaft around workpiece is rotated, make the obligatory point contacting with workpiece inwall not rotate simultaneously, under the effect of obligatory point and workpiece inside and outside wall frictional force, the inside workpiece radially material at different-thickness place rotates with different angular speed, thereby realizes the detrusion of workpiece.
Similarly, different with the obligatory point of axial active force according to applying active torque, the realization of the method principle also comprises the modes such as Fig. 7 (b), (c), (d).Moreover, the combination of these different implementations, such as: two obligatory points all applied axial active force or two obligatory points applied to rightabout active torque etc. simultaneously simultaneously, also will realize present principles.Concrete text description and schematic diagram are omitted.
The present invention utilizes splitter principle to realize the device of tubing high pressure shear, comprises and has the forcing press of pressure-keeping functions and have transmission of pressure, constrained strain and realize the mould of spinfunction; Described mould comprises: fixing or rotating rigid central spindle 1 and rotatable or fixing rigidity ring set 2; Rigid central spindle 1 and rigidity ring set 2 on the axis of forcing press respectively base plate upper and lower with it (or upper and lower pressure head) be connected, the workpiece 3 of Taper Pipe shape is coaxially positioned between rigid central spindle 1 and rigidity ring set 2, the inwall of the outer wall of rigid central spindle 1 and rigidity ring set 2 contacts with the inside and outside wall of workpiece 3 respectively, and the tapering of contact-making surface equates; The friction that rigidity ring set 2 inner surfaces and rigid central spindle's 1 outer surface are processed to control between workpiece 3 through special texturing meets technological requirement.
Tubular material high pressure detrusion device of the present invention, has at least one can rotate around central shaft among described rigid central spindle 1 or rigidity ring set 2, and the angle of rotation is unrestricted.
Tubular material high pressure detrusion device of the present invention, described rigidity ring set 2 can adopt individual layer Design of Dies, prestressed wound dies design or the design of prestressing force multiple layers of molds.
The concrete implementation detail of severe plastic deformation new method and the equipment working condition that propose according to the present invention are described below in conjunction with Fig. 7 (a).
As shown in Figure 7 (a), utilize method that splitter principle (also claiming wedge effect or inclined plane force increasing principle) realizes the shear of tubing high pressure by a mould that comprises that several parts such as 1-rigid central spindle, 2-rigidity ring set form, in conjunction with the forcing press with pressure holding function, on 3-cone tubular workpiece, realize.
First, 2-rigidity ring set is placed on lower shoe or push-down head backing plate between two parties.In the rigidity ring set that 3-is positioned over one heart with the tubular workpiece of tapering, 1-rigid central spindle is connected in middle position with upper plate or seaming chuck, and passes with the center of the tubular workpiece of tapering from 3-.1-rigid central spindle, 3-workpiece and 2-rigidity ring set three coaxial cooperation.1-rigid central spindle outer surface contacts with the inwall of 3-workpiece, and 2-rigidity ring set inner surface contacts with the outer wall of 3-workpiece.
Then, forcing press presses down 1-rigid central spindle, and maintains constant pressure in a certain numerical value.1-rigid central spindle, in the process of bottom offset, produces axial compressive force to 3-workpiece inwall, and according to low-angle inclined-plane (or claiming wedge surface, the conical surface, splitter) power amplification principle, 3-workpiece produces the immense pressure perpendicular to inwall under the effect of axial compressive force; 1-rigid central spindle and 2-rigidity ring set play effect of contraction to 3-workpiece radial deformation; Meanwhile, 3-workpiece has the outside mobile trend along gap between 1-rigid central spindle, 2-rigidity ring set; Thereby at the contact-making surface of 3-workpiece and 1-rigid central spindle and 2-rigidity ring set, can produce and the rightabout frictional force of flow of matter trend, hinder flow of matter; This 3-workpiece inwall is applied to high pressure, and limit its deformation and mobile design simultaneously and make to produce high hydrostatic pressure (can up to 15GPa) at 3-inside workpiece.2-rigidity ring set is applied to tangential thrust, under the effect of moment of torsion, make it rotation, meanwhile, 1-rigid central spindle does not rotate, under the effect of frictional force between 2-rigidity ring set and 3-workpiece and 1-mandrel and 3-workpiece, will tangentially there is detrusion in 3-workpiece.Along with the increase of the anglec of rotation, shearing strain quantity accumulation increases, thereby effectively controls and optimize the institutional framework of material, improves its performance.
In addition, equipment or mould are carried out to certain change, change the mold component of exerting pressure and rotating, equally also can realize this principle.As shown in Fig. 7 (d): utilize 2-rigidity ring set to apply axial compressive force to the outer wall of 3-workpiece, rotation 1-rigid central spindle and fixing 3-rigidity ring set can make the similar shear plasticity deformation effect of Taper Pipe shape material production.In like manner as 7(b), the Method And Principle explanatory note that utilizes splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure in (c) situation is omitted.
On the other hand, according to the tubular workpiece end situation that is tied, can be divided into three kinds of situations as shown in Figure 8: (a) end is without constraint; (b) end is semi-constrained; (c) end retrains entirely.For the unconfined situation of 3-workpiece end, as shown in Figure 8 (a), flowing of 3-workpiece end material, will rely on completely with the rightabout frictional force of flow of matter trend and limit; For the semi-constrained situation of 3-workpiece end, as shown in Figure 8 (b) shows, the annular convex shoulder that annular convex shoulder on 1-mandrel and 2-stiffening ring put retrains the upper and lower side of 3-workpiece respectively, while adopting this constraint, between annular convex shoulder and 2-rigidity ring set, leave larger gap, avoid rigidity contact, in like manner, 2-stiffening ring puts between annular convex shoulder and 1-rigid central spindle and also leaves larger gap, and the flow of matter of gap location relies on frictional force to limit equally; For the situation of the full constraint of 3-workpiece end, as shown in Fig. 8 (c), add respectively 4-, 5-ring washer at 3-workpiece upper and lower side, 4-, 5-packing ring adopt solid-state transmission medium, and the axial expansion after packing ring inside and outside wall pressurized will effectively hinder the flow of matter of workpiece end material.Above, the principle of the invention is described in detail to time institute, for simplicity, 4 kinds of schematic diagrams in accompanying drawing 7 used all adopt the unconfined simple designs in end.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details.
Be illustrated in figure 9 the Method And Principle implement device that utilizes splitter principle (also claiming wedge effect or inclined plane force increasing principle) to realize the shear of tubing high pressure.The explosive view that Fig. 9 (a) is device, has provided the composition details of installing in detail.
90-seaming chuck, 93-rigid central spindle, 95-tubular workpiece, 96-rigidity ring set, 97-ring set overcoat gear, 98-thrust bearing, the principle that 100-mandrel base has formed whole device realizes part.96-rigidity ring set is placed on forcing press lower shoe between two parties, and be connected by 98-thrust bearing between forcing press lower shoe, 98-thrust bearing bears the axial compressive force from 96-rigidity ring set, and reduces the inhibition that axial compressive force is swayed to 96-rigidity ring set.In the 96-rigidity ring set being positioned over one heart with the 95-tubular workpiece of tapering, the depression of 91-seaming chuck lower end square-section quadrangular and square-section, 92-rigid central spindle upper end realizes matched in clearance, 90-seaming chuck is contacted in forcing press axial location with 93-rigid central spindle, and pass from the center of the 95-tubular workpiece with tapering, 90-seaming chuck is connected by bolt with forcing press upper plate.93-rigid central spindle, 95-workpiece and 96-rigidity ring set three coaxial cooperation.93-rigid central spindle, 96-rigidity ring set and 95-workpiece do not allow to be radially subjected to displacement (not allowing to produce horizontal displacement) after being coaxially assemblied between the upper and lower base plate of forcing press.Then the axial compressive force that, 93-rigid central spindle provides forcing press by the 90-seaming chuck being connected with forcing press upper plate passes to 95-workpiece inwall.95-workpiece inwall is with respect to being axially the low-angle conical surface, according to low-angle inclined-plane (or claiming wedge surface, the conical surface, splitter) power amplification principle, 95-tubular workpiece will produce the normal pressure of the axial load providing much larger than forcing press perpendicular to 95-workpiece inwall or outer wall place.96-rigidity ring set, 93-mandrel play effect of contraction to 95-workpiece radial deformation.Meanwhile, 95-workpiece end is without constraint, and material has the outside mobile trend along gap between 96-rigidity ring set and 93-mandrel, and this trend is hindered by rightabout frictional force.This design makes at the 95-inside workpiece high hydrostatic pressure (1GPa ~ 15GPa) that added up.Simultaneously, (power set adopt motor and gear train or the worm and gear of conventional appropriate power and rotating speed to adopt servomotor to drive reducer gear group, its schematic diagram is omitted) drive 97-ring set overcoat gear, under the effect of moment of torsion, make it rotation, velocity of rotation 1 ~ 5rpm.Due to frictional force, the material at 95-workpiece outer wall place will have the trend of rotating together with 97-rigidity ring set.And the shrinkage pool of square-section, 92-rigid central spindle upper end is retrained by square-section, 91-seaming chuck lower end quadrangular, square-section, 94-rigid central spindle lower end quadrangular is retrained by square-section, 99-mandrel base upper end shrinkage pool, and the material at 95-workpiece inwall place will have with 93-rigid central spindle together fixed trend; Under high hydrostatic pressure condition, material will keep continuity, and the 95-tubular workpiece radially material of different-thickness layer rotates the angular speed with different, relatively rotates, and material is realized detrusion under the driving of frictional force.
In this embodiment, 93-rigid central spindle adopts upper and lower two ends to retrain the design of rotary freedom simultaneously, and the way of restraint adopts the matched in clearance of two prescription tee section quadrangulars and square-section shrinkage pool (91-, 92-and 94-, 99-) to realize.Between two prescription tee section quadrangulars and square-section shrinkage pool (91-, 92-and 94-, 99-), adopt respectively F7/h6 basic shaft system matched in clearance and H7/g6 basic hole system matched in clearance.Make 93-mandrel be easy to fix on the one hand, on the other hand, make 93-mandrel two ends simultaneously stressed, because of the excessive fracture failure of moment of torsion.In addition 90-seaming chuck does not directly contact 95-tubular workpiece, and pressure is that 93-rigid central spindle is directly passed to workpiece inwall.Design is because the position stressing conditions very severe directly contacting with workpiece end face need be set up the ring washer of being made up of carbide alloy like this, raises the cost; On the other hand, during to 95-workpiece end direct weighting, due to the existence of frictional force, pressure can not evenly be delivered to the middle part of 95-workpiece, causes middle part insufficient pressure, has often limited the height of 95-workpiece.The method of utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure that adopts this patent to propose can effectively overcome above deficiency.
96-rigidity ring set adopts prestressed wound dies when design, internal layer to select all higher materials of hardness and toughness, as mould steel; Winding layer adopts the higher material of toughness, as spring steel wire or spring steel band; The outer higher material of toughness that adopts, as medium carbon steel.When 96-rigidity ring set adopts the design of prestressing force multilayer ring set, internal layer is selected all higher materials of hardness and toughness, as mould steel; Other layer selected the higher material of toughness, as medium carbon alloy steel or mould steel.Tungsten carbide button of 92-rigid central spindle, it is mould steel that material is selected at all the other positions.
Concrete selection is as follows: mould steel is Cr5Mo1V steel; Spring steel is 65Mn steel; Medium carbon steel is No. 45 steel; Medium carbon alloy steel is 45Mn steel; Carbide alloy is YG6A.
In this embodiment, utilizing of the assembling design sketch of device that splitter principle realizes the shear of tubing high pressure is as shown in Fig. 9 (b).
By this scheme, commercial-purity aluminium, 6063 aluminium alloys and AZ31 magnesium alloy tubulose workpiece are carried out to preliminary experiment research.
Workpiece size is high 30mm, 10 ° of semi-cone angle, lower surface radius r
i=10mm, r
e=14mm.
The radially microhardness distribution of commercial-purity aluminium tubular workpiece after 25 ° of detrusions be as shown in figure 10: near inner radius near outer radius, hardness becomes 33 HV (0.025kg) from 48 HV (0.025kg), the distribution trend that tapers off, but all higher than initially without the hardness of sample 31 HV (0.025kg) left and right of crossing high pressure detrusion.Sample cross optical microphotograph metallographic is as shown in figure 11: Figure 11 (a) initial compression state fine aluminium sample is observed near the multiple film polarisation of inner radius anode, average grain size approximately 40 μ m; (b) after high pressure detrusion, fine aluminium sample is observed mutually near inner radius light field, and light field descends part crystal boundary not show mutually, does not provide the estimated value of average grain size, but can obviously find out that crystal grain is elongated, broken, refinement; (c) after high pressure detrusion, fine aluminium sample distributes from internal diameter to external diameter complete cross-section microscopic structure.
In addition, the experimental result short summary of 6063 aluminium alloys and AZ31 magnesium alloy is as follows:
The average grain size that 6063 aluminium alloys do not carry out before high pressure shear is 80 μ m, compression test yield strength 156.8MPa; Utilize splitter principle to realize the high pressure detrusion of 60o in 2.5GPa hydrostatic pressure with the velocity of rotation of 1rpm, mean strain reaches 3.1, and average grain size reaches 746nm, and compression test yield strength increases to 402.6MPa.
AZ31 magnesium alloy plasticity is poor, and we have carried out the heating of 100 DEG C to mould.The average grain size not carrying out before high pressure shear is 27 μ m, compression test yield strength 276.4MPa; Under 3GPa hydrostatic pressure, pass through the tubular material high pressure detrusion that utilizes splitter principle to realize of 90o with the velocity of rotation of 1rpm, mean strain reaches 4.7, and average grain size reaches 640nm, and compression test yield strength increases to 396.5MPa.
Claims (7)
1. utilize splitter principle to realize a method for tubing high pressure shear, it is characterized in that: the first workpiece of Choice and process, it is shaped as the tubulose with tapering, adopts obligatory point to retrain respectively the inner and outer wall of workpiece; Then obligatory point is applied to axial compressive force, the reinforcement principle that utilizes splitter increases this axial compressive force, and is transformed into and the normal pressure of workpiece contact-making surface vertical direction, thereby in workpiece, obtains high hydrostatic pressure; Then provide moment of torsion to an obligatory point, its central shaft around workpiece is rotated, and fix another obligatory point; Or two obligatory points are provided the moment of torsion of opposite direction simultaneously, they are relatively rotated around the central shaft of workpiece; Under the effect of obligatory point and workpiece inside and outside wall tangential friction force, the inside workpiece radially material at different-thickness place rotates with different angular speed, thereby realizes the detrusion of workpiece; Said method adopts with lower device and realizes, and this device comprises having the forcing press of pressure-keeping functions and have transmission of pressure, constrained strain and realize the mould of partial rotation function; This mould comprises and can move axially or rotating rigid central spindle (1) and rotatable or can axially movable rigidity ring set (2); Rigid central spindle (1) and rigidity ring set (2) are separately positioned on the upper plate and lower shoe of forcing press, workpiece (3) is coaxially positioned in rigidity ring set (2), rigidity ring set (2) inner surface contacts with the outer wall of workpiece (3), the inside of workpiece (3) is coaxially provided with rigid central spindle (1), and rigid central spindle (1) outer surface contacts with the inwall of workpiece (3).
2. the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described high hydrostatic pressure is 1 ~ 15GPa.
3. the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: rigidity ring set (2) inner surface and rigid central spindle (1) outer surface carry out texturing processing.
4. the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: among described rigid central spindle (1) and rigidity ring set (2), have at least one can move vertically, complete compression motion.
5. the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: rigidity ring set and rigid central spindle the two one of rotatable, or the two can rotate simultaneously in opposite direction, the angle of rotation is unrestricted.
6. the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described rigidity ring set (2) adopts individual layer Design of Dies, prestressed wound dies design or the design of prestressing force multiple layers of molds.
7. the method for utilizing splitter principle to realize the shear of tubing high pressure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the end restraint of described workpiece (3) can adopt without constraint, semi-constrained or full constrained designs.
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| CN201110291933.7A CN102500632B (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Method for realizing high-pressure shearing of pipes according to wedge principle and device utilizing method |
| PCT/CN2012/070157 WO2013044599A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-01-10 | Method for achieving high-pressure shearing deformation in tube materials by wedge principle and apparatus therefor |
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| KR101323168B1 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-11-05 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | Torsional severe plastic deformation method for conical tube metals |
| US9346089B2 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2016-05-24 | Manchester Copper Products, Llc | Extrusion press systems and methods |
| CN103658212B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-01-20 | 雷宇 | Squeeze pipe device and automatically squeeze tube apparatus |
| JP2015223621A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2015-12-14 | 荻野工業株式会社 | Forging apparatus |
| CN106140950B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2020-08-14 | 南京理工大学 | High-pressure torsion superposition manufacturing method and device |
| CN106862299B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2020-06-19 | 南京理工大学 | Single-process processing method of multilayer metal composite material |
| CN106513975A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2017-03-22 | 南京理工大学 | Metal welding method capable of guaranteeing no extension of contact surfaces |
| CN106918808B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2023-08-01 | 南京理工大学 | Device for fine adjustment of optical axis of multi-line laser radar |
| DE102017114371A1 (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-03 | Technische Universität Berlin | BRIDGE TOOL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STRING PRESSING PROFILES WITH A VARIOUS CROSS SECTION |
| RU2709416C1 (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-17 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский технологический университет "МИСиС" | Method of processing technically pure titanium by high plastic deformation |
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| CN113894177B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-05-28 | 南京理工大学 | Strain metallurgy method for synthesizing multiphase alloy |
| CN114011898B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-10-20 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing superfine crystal tube by shearing, torsion and extrusion deformation |
| CN113894581B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-10-20 | 贵州欣宇泰科精密科技有限公司 | Antidetonation core frock that rises with locking function |
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