CN102498954A - Method for improving K326 flue-cured tobacco variety - Google Patents

Method for improving K326 flue-cured tobacco variety Download PDF

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CN102498954A
CN102498954A CN2011103879977A CN201110387997A CN102498954A CN 102498954 A CN102498954 A CN 102498954A CN 2011103879977 A CN2011103879977 A CN 2011103879977A CN 201110387997 A CN201110387997 A CN 201110387997A CN 102498954 A CN102498954 A CN 102498954A
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grafting
flue
cured tobacco
scion
stock
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CN102498954B (en
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田孟玉
周桂园
谢志强
马骥
余贺龙
李辉
冯洪涛
***
李慧
李滟芳
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Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group Co Ltd
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Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving K326 flue-cured tobacco variety. Selecting rose grapes as rootstocks, taking K326 flue-cured tobacco seedlings as scions, grafting by adopting a tongue grafting method in the last ten days of month 5, and transplanting the plants after grafting survival in a field. The invention first carries out distant hybridization on the muscat and the K326 flue-cured tobacco variety, improves the disease and insect resistance of a new plant through grafting, increases the special fruity aroma of the muscat besides the characteristics of the K326 flue-cured tobacco variety, and improves the aroma amount and the aroma quality of tobacco leaves.

Description

A kind of method that improves the K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars
Technical field
The invention belongs to the flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method through distant hybridization improvement K 326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars.
Background technology
The K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars belongs to Dicotyledoneae Tubiflorae Solanaceae, Nicotiana on Plant Taxonomy, the annual herb plant is the kind that U.S. Northup King Seed Company company forms with the McNair30*NC95 selection cross.K326 applied from U.S. introduction Yunnan Province and in 1989 in 1985.Methods such as the common adopting process technical finesse of industrial enterprise, interpolation perfume additive improve K326 tobacco leaf industrial applicability, but improvement K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars is only the most directly one of way of solution quality of tobacco decline.
As everyone knows, existing cultivation tobacco bred derives from the common relationship of minority, and affiliation is nearer, and hereditary basis is poor, is difficult to therefrom select breakthrough kind, particularly produces and goes up high fragrance and the unique new flue-cured tobacco varieties of being badly in need of of fragrance, and is very few especially.Therefore, only utilize wild species and the crossbreeding between the K326 in the Nicotiana, be difficult to realize above-mentioned target.If can transfer to the useful properties in not equal, the plant that belongs in the K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, should be the effective way that addresses this problem.But do not see the report that success is arranged in the prior art as yet, reason is to occur very easily that two inter breed crossings are not affine, hybrid dies young easily, sterile, hybrid generation separates greatly usually, is difficult for the stable technical barrier that waits.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency, a kind of method of the K326 of improvement flue-cured tobacco cultivars is provided,, remedy the not enough problem of K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars fragrance, and strengthen the ability of its disease and insect resistance through the mode of distant hybridization to prior art.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme.
Except as otherwise noted, the percentage that the present invention adopted is percetage by weight.
Technical scheme of the present invention is based on following understanding: grape is claimed grape again, Vitis, Vitaceae, and defoliation liana slaps lobately, and 3~5 lack and split, and compound raceme is conical usually, and mostly its berry is circle or oval, color and luster is different with kind.Contain various abundant vitamins and trace element in the grape, long-term edible to the human body beneficial.Rose grape (Rose honey) is French introduced variety, and have: vegetative period is long, and early ripe, planting cost is low, has the rose fragrance and the sugar of strong uniqueness moderate.It is complementary to discover that its fragrance, taste characteristic and K326 have preferably, itself and K326 flue-cured tobacco is carried out engrafting and cultivating be expected to promote the K326 Flue-cured tobacco Quality.
A kind of method that improves the K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars may further comprise the steps:
(1) select stock and scion: choose diameter at the rose grape more than 0.5 centimetre as stock, it is full to choose the pure leaf bud of kind, not viruliferous K326 flue-cured tobacco cigarette seedling is as scion;
(2) grafting time: the first tenday period of a month in May;
(3) grafting method: adopt the tongue grafting grafting; Be about to scion and stock interface and be whittled into the inclined-plane, on the stock inclined-plane near most advanced and sophisticated 1/3 place and scion inclined-plane near most advanced and sophisticated 2/3 place, partial application vertically downward separately; Dark 1~2cm interleaves scion and stock two tongues and lumps together;
(4) connect the back management: carry out field-transplanting behind the grafting survival, and in time grafting is topdressed and water, weed with a hoe and prevention and elimination of disease and pests work.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention's initiative is carried out distant hybridization with rose grape and K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, has promoted the gene of different plant species gradually to blend interchange artificially through grafting, thereby creates the tobacco bred that makes new advances.The successful Application of this invention will be set up fresh and sweet fragrant characteristic perfume material safeguards technique system to " cloud and mist " brand good varieties of plant of characteristic and technical support will be provided.
2, result of the test shows, K326 flue-cured tobacco and rose grape have stronger affinity, the survival rate 51% of grafting.
3, the rose grape root system is flourishing, and is extensive to weather and region adaptability, improved the disease resistance ability of new plant, and wherein the mosaic disease incidence of disease reduces 20%, and the bacterial wilt incidence of disease reduces 10%.
4, tobacco incense tolerance, fragrance matter all increase, and new plant has increased the distinctive fruity aroma of rose grape again except having K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristic.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description, but embodiment is not to be the qualification to technical scheme of the present invention.All all fall into protection scope of the present invention based on any conversion that training centre of the present invention is done.
Embodiment 1
Red cigarette flue-cured tobacco base is planted K326 flue-cured tobacco and 500 strains of rose grape two kinds respectively in the Milei County, Yunnan Province, carries out plant growing proterties after graft compatibility, the grafting, resistant to diseases and insects and cured tobacco leaf quality comparative trial.The concrete operations step is following:
1, select stock and scion: stock is chosen the rose grape variety, preferably gives birth to green branch then and reaches the semi-lignified state, and showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally after promptly cutter is cut is the most in good time phase of grafting, and grafting is typically chosen in the cloudy day or is advisable fine morning and afternoon.Should grow stalwartness, no damage by disease and insect, diameter is more than 0.5 centimetre; The K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars is selected in scion for use, requires the necessary pure leaf bud of kind of scion full, not viruliferous cigarette seedling.It is substantial to grow as the branch of scion and stock, and ripe good, scion is cut and stayed a bud, and 1.5cm, lower end 4-6cm are stayed in the bud upper end.Stock is about 20cm.
2, grafting time: grafting time is selected in and carries out the first tenday period of a month in May, and this moment, meristematic cell was movable strong, and healing is fast, and survival rate is high.
3, grafting method: tongue grafting grafting.
Earlier scion and stock interface are whittled into the inclined-plane, the inclined-plane is long to be thick 1.6~2 times; Again on the stock inclined-plane near most advanced and sophisticated 1/3 place and scion inclined-plane near most advanced and sophisticated 2/3 place, partial application vertically downward separately, dark about 1~2cm blocks scion with stock " tongue " shape otch mutually, and the aligning cambium, jam-packed up and down, two tongues interleave and lump together then.This method combines very tight, can tie up.
4, connect the back management; Sprout tillers very easily takes place on stock after the grafting, should remove as early as possible.Mending of not becoming to live connects.Carry out field-transplanting behind the grafting survival, and in time grafting is topdressed and water, weed with a hoe and work such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
5, result of the test
(1) plant cultivating result
Rose grape and K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars are carried out the combination of grafting, compare with the own-rooted tree of scion own, though the Other Main Agronomic Characters basically identical; But improved the diseases and insect pests resistance of new plant, increased the adaptability of new plant, and graft survival rate has been higher; Can know that in view of the above test has feasibility.
Plant cultivating result after table 1 grafting
Figure BDA0000113928570000041
Figure BDA0000113928570000051
(2) cured tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality condition
Choose K326 respectively and improve the breed (each 100 of B3F, C3F, X2F) and be aesthetic quality's tobacco sample of smokeing panel test; The sensory evaluating smoking identifies by the judging panel with the certification of smokeing panel test; Undertaken by standard " YC/T138-1998 tobacco and tobacco product ", each index gives different score values respectively by the quality scale of smokeing panel test.
The contrast of table 2 tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality
Index The highest score design Former kind Improve the breed Difference
Fragrance matter 18 15.02 15.24 0.22
Perfume quantity 16 13.67 14.03 0.36
Assorted gas 16 15.1 15.64 0.54
Excitant 20 18.21 19.45 1.24
Pleasant impression 22 18.65 19.01 0.36
Flammability 4 3.95 3.26 0.69
Grey 4 3.64 3.48 0.16
Total points 100 88.24 90.11 1.87
This result of the test shows that the tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking quality comprehensive of improving the breed score is higher than former K 326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars, explains that the tobacco leaf interior quality is superior to former kind.See from single index improve the breed that the tobacco leaf excitant obviously weakens, fragrance matter, perfume quantity also increases, new plant has reduced excitant again except having cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars characteristics.
(3) flavor matter content situation
The contrast of table 3 fragrance matter content
Fragrance matter Former kind (ug/g) (ug/g) improves the breed Difference (ug/g)
Carotenoid catabolite total amount 62.5 63.58 1.08
Aromatic amino acid class total amount 17.36 18.45 1.09
Maillard reaction product class total amount 23.67 23.01 0.66
West cypress alkanes total amount 48.67 50.14 1.47
Neophytadiene 712.35 715.31 2.96
Linalool 4.21 5.21 1
The oxidation isophorone 0.41 0.74 0.33
Indoles 0.35 0.23 0.12
The spiral shell vetivone 1.03 0.47 0.56
Standard specimen 15 15 0
Total amount 885.55 892.14 6.59
This result of the test shows, improve the breed with former kind in the kind of flavor matter basic identical, but the fragrance matter content of improving the breed is higher than former kind.
6, the applicable cases of embodiment in product
Embodiment test plant treat after the maturation through gathering, roasting, redrying just beats processing links such as leaf, deposits in the warehouse to tobacco leaf again, behind 18 months natural alcoholizations, join in " Red River " board cigarette in 10% ratio.Through expert's evaluation of smokeing panel test: compare with former kind, the assorted gas of the K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars after the improvement is lower, and fragrance is higher, inhales flavor and coordinates, and integrated quality is more excellent, and has unique rose fragrance.

Claims (1)

1. method that improves the K326 flue-cured tobacco cultivars may further comprise the steps:
(1) select stock and scion: choose diameter at the rose grape more than 0.5 centimetre as stock, it is full to choose the pure leaf bud of kind, not viruliferous K326 flue-cured tobacco cigarette seedling is as scion;
(2) grafting time: the first tenday period of a month in May;
(3) grafting method: adopt the tongue grafting grafting; Be about to scion and stock interface and be whittled into the inclined-plane, on the stock inclined-plane near most advanced and sophisticated 1/3 place and scion inclined-plane near most advanced and sophisticated 2/3 place, partial application vertically downward separately; Dark 1~2cm interleaves scion and stock two tongues and lumps together;
(4) connect the back management: carry out field-transplanting behind the grafting survival, and in time grafting is topdressed and water, weed with a hoe and prevention and elimination of disease and pests work.
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106472138A (en) * 2016-10-09 2017-03-08 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 A kind of optimization K326 Nicotiana tabacum L. chemical composition improves the management method of Flue-cured tobacco Quality
CN109526433A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-29 南京八月果农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of method of Akebia kind propagation by grafiting

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106472138A (en) * 2016-10-09 2017-03-08 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 A kind of optimization K326 Nicotiana tabacum L. chemical composition improves the management method of Flue-cured tobacco Quality
CN106472138B (en) * 2016-10-09 2020-10-20 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 Management method for optimizing chemical composition of K326 tobacco leaves and improving quality of flue-cured tobacco
CN109526433A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-29 南京八月果农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of method of Akebia kind propagation by grafiting

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