CN102497972B - 具有集成桥接纤维的用于制造复合材料板块的芯件的制造方法,由此得到的板块以及装置 - Google Patents
具有集成桥接纤维的用于制造复合材料板块的芯件的制造方法,由此得到的板块以及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的是一种具有用于制造复合板块的集成桥接纤维(12)的芯件(10)的制造方法,其特征在于它根据下面的步骤制造:布置一个形成芯件(10)的刚性泡沫形式的轻型材料块状物;在所述芯件的至少一个表面(18,20)上设置多余的桥接纤维(12);使这些桥接纤维(12)的一部分穿入到芯件中;收回没用过的多余桥接纤维(12)。本发明还涉及得到的板块和相关装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有集成桥接纤维的用于制造复合材料板块的芯件的制造方法。
本发明还包括得到的板块和用于制造板块的方法。
背景技术
众所周知,这些板块由泡沫形式的轻型材料的芯件构成,这种芯件的两边镶嵌有两个外皮。这些外皮与芯件的每一个表面连接。由于这两个外皮之间的间隙增大了惯性力矩,所以正是这些外皮为板块提供了机械特性。
每一个外皮均与芯件连接。
在工业上致力于寻求复合材料的板块,通过消除因芯件内部的脱落和断裂造成这些特性对限制器的影响来提高复合材料板块的机械性能。
因此,必须将相容材料用于实现这种连接,补偿芯件很一般的机械特性。
事实上,每一个外皮均由在树脂中浸过的纤维毛皮制成。
应当考虑用作阴模的树脂和所述泡沫之间的相容性。
然而,这样得到的板块的机械特性仍然有限,而这种机械特性可以大幅度提高。
事实上,在某些应力下,特别是弯曲应力下,我们发现其中一个外皮因其与芯件脱离而脱落。
对此,为了增加脱落的阻力,充分利用板块的全部阻力,设想过改进方案。
公知的就是在两个外皮之间制造桥。
利用开设在芯件中的孔实现这些桥,以便在制造外皮时让树脂流过这些孔。
然而,即使这样有所改善,但机械性能的提高仍然不够。
为此,曾设想如果涉及的是其中一个外皮,则通过使至少其中的一个外皮的纤维穿透地通过芯件,但如果考虑的是这两个外皮时,则使至少其中的外皮的纤维部分穿透或全部穿透地通过芯件,以此将外皮与芯件相连接。
这样,树脂可以沿部分穿透或全部穿透的纤维迁移,由此在两个外皮之间形成桥,而这两个外皮本身也是复合材料的桥。
欧洲专利EP1686210描述了一种复合板块,该板块包括一个带有两个纤维外皮的芯件,利用固化连接材料将这些纤维外皮与芯件连接,并将这两个外皮中的至少一个的原始连接纤维加固,特别是在外皮之间的体积内,因而也是在芯件内进行垂直加固。
该文献还描述了一种可以在一个芯件的每一侧连续和同时制造外皮的装置,该装置可以用针刺方法将这些外皮的纤维贯穿地通过芯件穿入。
法国专利申请FR2921076描述了对上述专利的改进。
该文献指出,从两个外皮的至少一个***的连接纤维的至少一部分至少具有相对于这两个外皮的至少一个倾斜的方向。
这样,通过由出自这两个外皮的纤维构成的桥将这两个外皮之间进行连接。
这类板块的缺陷在于纤维的选择。事实上,我们知道构成外皮的纤维并不一定适合于其他用途,也就是说,并不一定适合于树脂的迁移和外皮的“桥接”。
事实上,对于仅提到的基本参数来讲,构成外皮的纤维的性能、直径、长度以及类型产生不了足够的机械特性或足够快的迁移能力。
最后,不仅纤维是单一形式的,而且可以证明当每一个外皮的厚度或密度改变时,针刺都不合适。因此组合很受限制。
然而,由于对于高机械阻力的产品有要求,而且需要快速制造板块,所以还应当提高树脂的迁移能力。
不仅速度要快,而且不同的需求也多,所以,感兴趣的是能够在一侧具有配备好的芯件,事先配备好或就地制造外皮,这样就允许有很多种组合。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一就是提供一种包括预连接件的芯件的制造方法,该芯件用于接收至少一个外皮,用以形成高机械阻力以及很高脱落阻力的板块。
本发明的目的还在于用该方法得到的芯件和用该芯件制得的板块,以及用于实现该芯件的装置。
附图说明
下面结合附图对非限定的实施模式进行详细说明,这些附图为:
图1A-图1D:示出了根据本发明用于制造具有细线加强件的芯件的实施方法的示意图;
图2A和图2B:示出了用该方法得到的芯件制成的两个板块的两个示意图;
图3:示出了根据本发明能够制造芯件的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在结合图1的示意图描述本发明的方法。该方法在于在步骤A中布置一个轻型材料例如密度为30kg/m3的刚性泡沫的块状物10,以便实现理想的等级,该块状物构成芯件11。众所周知,该块状物是一个平行六边形的板材,作为给出的简单例子,板材的高度为几厘米。用板材表示整块板或单一材料或多种材料重新构成的板。
然后在步骤B中,该芯件11的至少一个面上接受至少一种桥接纤维12,在这种情况下,是在芯件的上表面上桥接的。没有采用任何连接元件将这些纤维设置在表面上。
在下面的描述中,不加区别地将单细丝纤维、多细丝纤维或是细线叫作“纤维”。
在下面的描述中,我们论及的是单一形式的桥接纤维,但可以同时有不同形式的桥接纤维。
这些纤维12例如来自连续细线的多重切割,以便产生长度合适的纤维。有一些可以就地制造这些纤维段的切割刀。
设置在表面上的这些纤维12的数量至少等于桥接的需求量。在这种情况下,设置大量这些纤维。
这些纤维适合于桥接,并且可以选择这些纤维,例如这些细线中有6-30μm的测定纤度很小的细丝束形状,30-10000特的测定纤度大的细线束。
将所述细丝结合起来,以便对该细线的切割让这些细丝的端部结合在一起。
通过利用与构成细丝束的细丝材料相同特性或不同特性的连接细线卷绕所述细丝束就可以制成桥接细线,例如将所述连接细线绕所述束卷绕成螺旋线。
卷绕的细线有很多优点,主要优点是控制引入的纤维的数量,在将树脂制作下面将要说明的板块时改进树脂的迁移。
此外,这种卷绕的细线可以制成质量优异的桥接细线。
在步骤C中,考虑使桥接纤维12贯穿或部分贯穿地通过芯件穿入。
工业上用于制造这类产品的可接受的方法是针刺法。
针刺法在于使针通过芯件11穿入。每一个针包括能够沿针的导引方向确保带动桥接细线并且在不带动细线的情况下收回针的型材端部。
同时考虑使针部分穿入芯件中或全部穿过芯件,由此贯穿。
可以将这些细线与芯件11的表面18构成的平面垂直地引入,桥接纤维12被镶在该表面上,但这些纤维也可以相对于该表面18倾斜地引入,在同一芯件内,倾斜角度可正可负,或是一部分正角,另一部分负角。
角度通常主要在45°-90°之间变化。
并且考虑可以将桥接纤维按照预定图案引入。
一旦将桥接纤维的一部分集成到芯件中,就收回多余的桥接纤维,图1D。
这样就获得在至少一个表面上具有并且至少部分集成到芯件中的明显桥接纤维的芯件。
根据一个变型,还可以考虑将板翻转,以便得到朝上的第二表面20,并且像表面18上一样,设置多余的桥接纤维。
再轮到对这些纤维进行针刺,以便将这些纤维部分集成到芯件11的厚度中,或是部分穿透。
一旦涉及的纤维受到针刺,就将没有受到针刺的多余纤维从芯件上收回。在这种情况下,纤维从两侧穿透,并且部分集成到两侧中。
同样,在两个表面上,没有任何差别地同时在各个表面上实施纤维的定位、针刺以及收回多余部分。在针刺期间,例如用薄纱临时保持住朝下的表面上的纤维。
为了便于下面的说明,采用的例子包含了这样的实施模式,根据该实施模式,安置的芯件10具有完全穿过芯件的桥接纤维,这些纤维出自两个表面的每个表面,并且显现在芯件10的两个表面18、20上,见图2B。
但是,只是在一个表面上有纤维层的另一个例子示于图2A中,桥接纤维12穿透并且部分集成到芯件中。
同样,在该例子中选择的只是一种桥接细线。
将如此得到的具有集成桥接纤维的芯件11准备用于制造板块22。
这种板块的每一个表面18、20接收外皮的纤维层24。
根据第一实施模式,预先制成该外皮的纤维层24,将其置于每个表面上,然后将由这三层构成的层状结构置于一个模子中,树脂通过多个入口注入到该模子内,以便能够在板块的整个表面上进行均匀分布。
模子通常是被加热的,从而确保树脂尽快聚合。
当然可以用其他技术,例如用树脂预浸渍的技术,这种技术适合于将温度保持在第一时间确保很好地扩散并在第二时间聚合的温度。
技术的选择并不是关键的,它取决于所要求的用途以及布置的材料。
根据第二实施模式,将外皮纤维24设置在两个表面上,利用薄纱将其保持定位,该薄纱同时还将成品表面在脱模以后确保很好的状态。
在第一和第二变型中,桥接纤维的凸起的端部被攫在外皮的纤维层24内。
在这两种情况下树脂在外皮纤维内进行分配、迁移,同时还迁移到也由树脂浸润的桥接纤维中,这样在两个表面的外皮纤维之间实现纤维/树脂的复合桥。
根据树脂的机械性能、需要获得的表面状态、迁移的质量选择外皮纤维,而根据桥接纤维受针刺的能力、它们的机械阻力、它们受切割的能力、它们能够确切迁移树脂的能力来选择这些桥接纤维。
在刚才对作为例子描述的实施模式中,得到具有一个芯件、在所述芯件两边的两个外皮以及在两个外皮之间的桥的板块。
这样得到的板块特别有用,因为它根据应用非常有利。
也应当注意的是,本发明的方法对芯件的管理非常有用,因为根据同一类芯件,板块的操作人员可以为外皮结合不同类型的纤维,甚至组合不同类型的纤维。
还可以使这些外皮纤维只与芯件一起经受表面针刺,没有任何机械性能,同时等待上树脂和聚合。
在这种情况下,针刺没有任何桥接作用,而更多的是起“搭扣”作用。
为了在本发明的芯件上实现桥接纤维的垂直针刺,考虑所用的装置包括:
轻型材料块状物10的供应设备26;
将桥接纤维设置在各个块状物上的安置设备28;
针刺设备30;
块状物供应设备相对于针刺设备的角度方向调节设备32;
只要存在未被针刺的纤维,就将未被针刺的纤维消除的设备34;
将得到的具有集成桥接纤维的芯件11排出的设备36。
这样就能根据需要在垂直轴两边实现具有倾斜的针刺。
因此,特别是当制成的具有这些芯件的板块受到弯曲力时,倾斜的纤维12操作非常理想,由于消除了脱落的可能性,所以垂直纤维操作也很理想。当然,由于力矩通常是组合力矩,因此所有桥接纤维均承受到力矩作用。
供应设备包括设置在针刺设备两边的双移动传送带。
纤维的安置设备包括能够确保细线的切割以便构成桥接纤维的切割器。
本发明的方法可以提供一个制备好的芯件11,用于制造尽可能灵活组合所有因素的板块,即:轻型材料的块状物的性能,一种或多种桥接纤维的性能,以及一种或多种外皮纤维的性能。
我们还发现可以很精确地确定桥接纤维的数量和外皮纤维的数量。
还可以选择应用桥的密度,所以就能使每平方米m2几个桥的密度变到每平方厘米cm2几个桥。
同样,可以控制布置的桥的形状,例如成交错分布。
因此,我们知道,根据本发明方法的芯件的制造方法对于制造板块来讲可以进行任何组合。
由此,正好适应需要就能避免过度加固、原材料的无用消耗、成品板块的过重,成品板块此后例如必须在为其配备的卡车上运输几百万公里。
最后,原料限制以后还可以减少成本和终身再循环材料的数量。
Claims (13)
1.具有用于制造复合板块的集成桥接纤维(12)的芯件(11)的制造方法,其特征在于它根据下面的步骤制造:
布置一个轻型材料块状物(10);
在所述轻型材料块状物(10)的至少一个表面(18,20)上设置多余的桥接纤维(12);
使所述桥接纤维(12)的一部分穿入到所述轻型材料块状物(10)中;
收回没有使用的多余的桥接纤维(12)。
2.根据权利要求1的具有桥接纤维(12)的芯件(11)的制造方法,其特征在于用针刺法使所述桥接纤维(12)穿入到块状物(10)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有桥接纤维(12)的芯件(11)的制造方法,其特征在于所述桥接纤维(12)的穿入是贯穿的,以便在所述芯件的两边均能接触到每个桥接纤维(12)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有桥接纤维(12)的芯件(11)的制造方法,其特征在于所述桥接纤维(12)是不同类型的。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有桥接纤维(12)的芯件(11)的制造方法,其特征在于所述桥接纤维(12)是由卷绕的细丝束构成的细线段。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有桥接纤维(12)的芯件(11)的制造方法,其特征在于将所述桥接纤维(12)相对于所述轻型材料块状物(10)的表面倾斜地引入。
7.利用权利要求1-6之一的方法得到的芯件(11),其特征在于其包括一个轻型材料的块状物(10)和其至少一部分到达所述块状物(10)的至少一个表面的桥接纤维(12)。
8.根据权利要求7的芯件(11),其特征在于每个单位面积的桥接纤维(12)的密度是受控的。
9.根据权利要求7或8的芯件(11),其特征在于每个单位面积的桥接纤维(12)的几何分布形状是受控的。
10.用权利要求7-9之一的芯件制成的芯件(11)构成的复合材料板块(22),其特征在于其至少包括浸没在树脂阴模中的外皮纤维(24),所述外皮纤维镶嵌在所述芯件(11)上,所述树脂还穿入到所述桥接纤维(12)中。
11.根据权利要求10的板块(22),其特征在于将所述桥接纤维(12)的端部与所述外皮纤维(24)一起浸没在树脂阴模中。
12.根据权利要求10或11的板块(22),其特征在于使所述桥接纤维(12)相对于所述芯件的平面倾斜。
13.制造权利要求10-12之一的芯件的装置,其特征在于该装置包括:
轻型材料块状物(10)的供应设备(26);
将桥接纤维设置在各个块状物上的安置设备(28);
针刺设备(30);
块状物供应设备相对于针刺设备的角度方向调节设备(32);
将具有集成桥接纤维的芯件(11)排出的设备(36)。
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FR0955260A FR2948693B1 (fr) | 2009-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Procede de realisation d'une ame avec fibres de pontage integrees pour panneaux en materiaux composites, panneau obtenu et dispositif |
PCT/FR2010/051601 WO2011015770A2 (fr) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-28 | Procede de realisation d'une ame avec fibres de pontage integrees pour panneaux en materiaux composites, panneau obtenu et dispositif |
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US11173634B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2021-11-16 | Ina Acquisition Corp | Electromagnetic radiation curable pipe liner and method of making and installing the same |
US10704728B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2020-07-07 | Ina Acquisition Corp. | Pipe liner and method of making same |
RU2751171C1 (ru) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-09 | Государственное предприятие "Запорожское машиностроительное конструкторское бюро "Прогресс" имени академика А.Г. Ивченко" | Способ выполнения системы отверстий в многослойной заготовке |
FR3107002B1 (fr) | 2020-02-10 | 2024-03-01 | Saertex France | Procede de realisation d'une ame conformable pour la fabrication de produits en materiaux composites, ame conformable obtenue |
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US8914954B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 |
HRP20150748T1 (hr) | 2015-09-25 |
CA2768870C (fr) | 2017-09-12 |
HUE025043T2 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
JP6008193B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
US20120121885A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
WO2011015770A3 (fr) | 2011-03-31 |
KR101725296B1 (ko) | 2017-04-10 |
AU2010280570B2 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
ZA201200610B (en) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2459362B1 (fr) | 2015-04-08 |
MA33443B1 (fr) | 2012-07-03 |
BR112012001951A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
FR2948693A1 (fr) | 2011-02-04 |
MX2012001184A (es) | 2012-06-01 |
DK2459362T3 (en) | 2015-07-13 |
PL2459362T3 (pl) | 2015-11-30 |
KR20120052372A (ko) | 2012-05-23 |
CN102497972A (zh) | 2012-06-13 |
CA2768870A1 (fr) | 2011-02-10 |
SI2459362T1 (sl) | 2015-10-30 |
EP2459362A2 (fr) | 2012-06-06 |
FR2948693B1 (fr) | 2014-01-17 |
ES2541837T3 (es) | 2015-07-27 |
WO2011015770A2 (fr) | 2011-02-10 |
TN2012000041A1 (fr) | 2013-09-19 |
JP2013500181A (ja) | 2013-01-07 |
PT2459362E (pt) | 2015-08-26 |
RU2012106930A (ru) | 2013-09-10 |
RU2543885C2 (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
AU2010280570A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
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