CN102492818A - Thermal treatment process for inlaid steel guide rail - Google Patents
Thermal treatment process for inlaid steel guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN102492818A CN102492818A CN2011104383593A CN201110438359A CN102492818A CN 102492818 A CN102492818 A CN 102492818A CN 2011104383593 A CN2011104383593 A CN 2011104383593A CN 201110438359 A CN201110438359 A CN 201110438359A CN 102492818 A CN102492818 A CN 102492818A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal treatment process for an inlaid steel guide rail. The process sequentially comprises the following steps of: heating a guide rail plate serving as a workpiece; quenching the guide rail plate; tempering; pressurizing after quenching, wherein the pressurizing step is specifically performed by pressing the workpiece in a rigid plate-shape tool for 3-5 minutes after quenching; and then the tempering step is performed. According to the thermal treatment process for the inlaid steel guide rail provided by the invention, the deformation of a steel plate is obviously reduced in comparison with the conventional process, and more ideal hardness can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal treatment process of steel guideway middle guide panelling.
Background technology
Along with the development of machine tool industry, ultra-precision machine tool both domestic and external, numerically-controlled machine are increasingly high to the accuracy requirement of bed ways.Known, the quality of the mechanical property of bed ways and geometric accuracy directly influences working accuracy, supporting capacity and the work-ing life of lathe.Steel guideway has reasonable mechanical property and wear resistance, has obtained increasing application in the work in-process heart and the numerically-controlled machine.And guide rail edge steel is the core component of steel guideway.
Though the application of steel guideway more and more comes into one's own, what determine guide rail panelling key property is the thickness of used steel plate, is subject to current processing condition, is the insoluble problem of machine industry always.Further, the difficult point of thickness just is quenching technology.If the guide rail plate is too thick, not only waste steel, make that the material removal amount of lathe bed is also bigger, significantly increase process period.And blocked up guide rail plate is difficult to through hardening.Through the corase grind and the precision grinding process of guide rail, rigidity layer has bigger minimizing after inlaying on the lathe, does not reach desirable attrition resistant effect, and also reduce greatly work-ing life.And if the guide rail plate is too thin, the deflection of quenching rear rail plate is bigger, and what deflection was maximum can reach 1-2mm, and the opposite stays the mill amount generally will be controlled at about 0.4mm, obviously under above-mentioned deflection condition, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of following process operation.If there is not gauged measure, will bring very big difficulty of processing to follow-up grinder preface.Therefore at the initial stage of guide rail edge steel, all between 25mm-30mm, material area is about 400 * 100mm for the thickness of guide rail plate.
The third phase in 2007 (total 117 phases) has proposed a kind of " plate quenching problem and Study on Deformation " that certain reference value is arranged " one heavy technology "; And to have introduced original thermal treatment process be to prevent to be out of shape the method that increases steel plate thickness through a kind of equivalence; Being about to two workpiece uses bolt to put together on together; Outside quenching faces, and its defective workmanship and reason have been made a concrete analysis of.Proposed a kind of novel process simultaneously, but also still adopted, just separated the gap of about 30mm to two workpiece with sleeve earlier, gone again and close a method of closing two workpiece; Purpose is to increase the quenching area, reduces the sectional area that quenches, thereby has guaranteed enough speed of cooling, has two faces of workpiece all can be contacted with quenching oil.Two faces accomplishing workpiece evenly cool off, and reduce thermal stresses.
Yet, inevitably can influence the quenching of this point and follow-up cooling to the existence of chalaza, its effect does not increase significantly.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can hardening, than existing technology the deflection of steel plate is obviously reduced, and can obtain comparatively ideal hardness than the thermal treatment process of steel-sheet steel guideway.
In order to realize goal of the invention of the present invention, the following technical scheme that adopts is:
A kind of thermal treatment process of steel guideway; Comprise the handle that carries out in regular turn step and quenching step as the guide rail plate heating of workpiece; And tempering step, also being included in the pressurization steps after the said quenching step, this pressurization steps is specially after the quenching step and is flat on workpiece in the inflexible plate shape frock; Carry out 3 ~ 5 minutes compacting, and then carry out tempering step.
Thermal treatment process according to above-mentioned steel guideway is employed in the scheme that suppress workpiece the back of quenching, and makes steel plate after quenching is fuel-displaced, just accomplish the transformation of metallographic structure in the steel plate, to guarantee not having the plasticity bounce-back behind the roller flatteningl roller levelling.
About mechanism; The contriver thinks; Metallographic structure after quenching in the steel plate is a kind of unstable austenite-supercooled austenite that will change, and this moment, the plasticity of steel plate was best, is the best moment so in this period steel plate is taken out pressing; And through TE, steel plate is not just had bounce-back again after this stage flattens cooling.And in a single day find to miss this opportunity, the supercooled austenite in the steel plate will transform, and the deflection of steel plate will be increased, and is difficult to proofread and correct.
The contriver thinks that the physical property of utilizing Heat Treatment Of Steel carries out the processing of guide rail plate; It is the new trial that solves the big technical problem of guide rail plate heat treatment deformation; And find through secular experiment; Can produce better technical effect through this technological approaches, new approach is provided for solving the big problem of guide rail plate heat treatment deformation.
Simultaneously, through measuring, the hardness of institute's acquisition guide rail panelling satisfies request for utilization.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, said plate shape frock is selected the two plates frock for use, and between two steel plates, and steel plate thickness is not less than five times of thickness of workpiece the workpiece horizontal; Simultaneously, carry out the pressure adjustment.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, the structure of carrying out the pressure adjustment is the pre-pressing structure between thread connection and above-mentioned two steel plates.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, the step control Heating temperature of said guide rail plate heating is to preset heating temperature, and the control Heating temperature is no more than 10 ° of C of preset heating temperature up and down.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, said preset heating temperature are 900 ° of C, and be 8 ~ 9 minutes corresponding heat-up time.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, said quenching step is an oil quenching technology, the cool time was controlled at 40 ~ 60 seconds, 150-200 ° of C of coupling workpiece oil outlet temperature.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway in the quenching step, shaken workpiece or disturbance quenching oil.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, the tempering time of said tempering step are 45 minutes, and control tempering temperature at 260 ° of C, the workpiece horizontal naturally cooling after the tempering.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the main TV structure synoptic diagram of compacting frock.
Fig. 2 is the plan structure synoptic diagram corresponding to Fig. 1, and dotted portion is the work area among the figure.
Among the figure: 1, push bolt, 2, top board, 3, workpiece, 4, press table, 5, push bolt.
Embodiment
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention; A kind of thermal treatment process of steel guideway; Comprise the handle that carries out in regular turn step and quenching step as the guide rail plate heating of workpiece, and tempering step, prior step also can comprise steps such as blanking, heat treatment normalizing, machining, brill fabrication hole.Core procedure is the pressurization steps after said quenching step, and this pressurization steps is specially after the quenching step and is flat on workpiece in the inflexible plate shape frock, carries out 3 ~ 5 minutes compacting, and then carries out tempering step.
Pressure about pressurization steps is set, and the secular experiment of process finds that the factor that pressurization needs to consider is the moulding resilience of workpiece after quenching, and therefore, can confirm moulding pressure through the limited number of time test in view of the above.This pressure obtains in plate shape frock easily, and also adjustment easily, and pressure is set the initial stage can adopt higher pressure.A kind of in addition situation then is to estimate a value through the Young's modulus of workpiece material, carries out the setting of original pressure.Original pressure is set up generally speaking the value that draws according to Young's modulus and section factor and multiply by last one 1.5 ~ 1.8 coefficient again.
The contriver thinks, after quenching, clean workpiece surface after, use frock to flatten steel plate, should be the best stage of steel plate plasticity this moment, also softer, is moulded the needed shape of external force easily.Tissue in the steel plate naturally cooling after the shaping, steel plate becomes quenched martensite, and this moment, steel plate inner tissue was relatively stable, and internal stress is less relatively, and deflection thereafter is less.
About the press time, pressing process also is a process of cooling, and the selected press time is satisfied the change procedure of theoretic metallographic structure through verification experimental verification, and the press time is the completion that guarantees this process.Owing to also can have individual character with a collection of workpiece, therefore, proper extension again in seclected time is got one 1.1 coefficient with the peak of experiment statistics data, can satisfy the thermal treatment with batch workpiece.
About the selection of frock, should adopt the more intense pressing plate of rigidity, the structure of pressing plate is that said plate shape frock is selected the two plates frock for use, between two steel plates, and steel plate thickness is not less than five times of thickness of workpiece the workpiece horizontal, to satisfy rigidity requirement; Even if thicker frock is arranged, but also may not satisfy the requirement of pressure, need to cooperate auxiliary pressurizing device this moment, additional weight that can be extra, but this will certainly cause the loaded down with trivial details of the too fat to move of framework and operation.Therefore; Structure is that the structure of carrying out pressure adjustment is the pre-pressing structure between thread connection and above-mentioned two steel plates preferably; Preliminary tension through bolt obtains needed pressure, and preliminary tension can directly read through torque spanner, can obtain corresponding pressure through converting.
Use the technology of pressing plate compacting to satisfy less thickness of slab spare quench treatment, thickness of slab no longer is the category that steel guideway is considered in theory.Nature, those skilled in the art can know, and steel plated guideway plate also can not be too thin, so use the steel plated guideway plate that this programme can obtain better economy.
In addition, according to such scheme, the contriver thinks; The operation in early stage can produce certain influence to follow-up operation; The refrigerant that above-mentioned quenching step is used is an oil, and main points are heat-up time and cool time, method, makes steel plate after quenching is fuel-displaced, just accomplish the transformation of metallographic structure in the steel plate; To guarantee not having the plasticity bounce-back behind the roller flatteningl roller levelling, reduce deflection.
The step control Heating temperature of the plate of guide rail described in prior step heating is to preset heating temperature, and the control Heating temperature is no more than 10 ° of C of preset heating temperature up and down, and controlled temperature is in interval necessarily; Can obtain more stable metallographic structure; Obvious is that the described relevant metallographic structure of aforementioned content is satisfied in metallographic structure, therefore; It is interval to draw corresponding thermal treatment temp according to metal heat treatmet technic, just the respective phase change warm area of associated metal.According to steel guideway material thermal treatment physical property, further selection then is that said preset heating temperature is 900 ° of C in this warm area, and be 8 ~ 9 minutes corresponding heat-up time, satisfies phase-change metal and obtain adequately and uniformly.
The processing condition that further ensure are that as previously mentioned, said quenching step is an oil quenching technology; For target compound according to this programme, thin-slab construction just, the cool time was controlled at 40 ~ 60 seconds; Just can through hardening, coupling workpiece oil outlet temperature should be controlled at 150-200 ° of C.
Preferably, in the quenching step, shake workpiece or disturbance quenching oil.
Because steel plate is thinner, the time in oil is unsuitable long again, so shake or disturbance itself are in order to quicken flowing of oil, to prevent that oily medium is uneven in temperature even, and cause the steel plate deformed amount to increase.Can also accelerate the thermal velocity that receives of steel plate, make steel plate reach fuel-displaced temperature evenly and rapidly.In the time of test determination; Metallographic structure in the steel plate is a kind of unstable austenite-supercooled austenite that will change; This moment, the plasticity of steel plate was best; So in this period steel plate being taken out pressing is the best moment, and through TE, steel plate is not just had bounce-back again after this stage flattens cooling.In case miss this opportunity, the supercooled austenite in the steel plate will transform, and the deflection of steel plate will be increased, and is difficult to proofread and correct.
The tempering time of said tempering step is 45 minutes, and controls tempering temperature at 260 ° of C, the workpiece horizontal naturally cooling after the tempering.Tempering is in order to eliminate the inner stress of steel plate, to make steel plate inner tissue reach a kind of steady state, improving the precision hold-time of guide rail.This tempering belongs to conventional average tempering.
Instance 1:
Workpiece is selected: material is the 40Cr hot-rolled steel sheet; According to length * wide * thick blanking, obtain the steel plate of blank 400mm * 190mm * 10mm.
Typical process flow is: around blanking-heat treatment normalizing-machining is milled-heating-oil quenching of machining boring-thermal treatment salt stove-and special tooling flattens guide rail plate-cooling-tempering-machining and grinds around top and bottom-mill.
Initial condition for surveys is removed and is considered sheet member (instance thickness 10mm; Much smaller than the 25mm of similar general steel guideway blank ~ 30mm) corresponding minimizing of cool time arranged; And outside the special tooling that the increases pressing guide rail plate, other processing condition can be identical with existing processing condition.Certainly, the time of salt stove heating steps wherein also can also can correspondingly reduce because of thickness of slab is less, only is here to verify that special tooling flattens the technique effect of guide rail plate.
Workpiece is 8 minutes in salt stove heat-up time; Heating and temperature control changes workpiece in the quenching oil at 900 ± 10 ° of C then, and the cool time was controlled at 40 seconds; The oil temperature control is at 65 ° of C; The oil outlet temperature that infrared measurement of temperature is measured is 177 ° of C, influences because of receiving environment and individuality, and the oil outlet temperature of each workpiece under identical processing condition has difference.
Then, wipe clean guide rail plate surface after, use as attaching the special tooling shown in Fig. 1 and 2 and flatten steel plate, 3 minutes press times.The hardness that the mensuration workpiece flattens after the step reaches HRC48.
Carry out temper then, tempered condition is tempering time 45 minutes, 260 ° of C of tempering temperature, and temper number is HRC45.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching is accomplished | No pressing plate flattens, naturally cooling | 0.65mm |
| Oil quenching has tempering after accomplishing | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.09mm |
Successively the experiment condition of same group of this instance more than the sample is carried out specificly, oil quenching is accomplished the no pressing plate pressing in back, and the maximum deformation quantity of naturally cooling is 0.68mm, least amount of deformation 0.; Oil quenching is accomplished the back tempering and is carried out special tooling pressing, naturally cooling, maximum deformation quantity 0.1mm, least amount of deformation 0.08mm.
Under above processing condition, to no tempering after another group sample employing oil quenching completion, special tooling flattens, naturally cooling, and the maximum deformation quantity 0.2mm of mensuration, least amount of deformation is 0.15mm.
Instance 2:
60 seconds adjusting process parameter cool times, 192 ° of C of the oil outlet temperature of mensuration, other processing condition are used as attaching the special tooling shown in Fig. 1 and 2 and are flattened steel plate, 3 minutes press times with instance 1.The hardness that the mensuration workpiece flattens after the step reaches HRC49.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching is accomplished | No pressing plate flattens, naturally cooling | 0.67mm |
| Oil quenching has tempering after accomplishing | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.09mm |
Same group of sample measured, the deformation characteristic of instance 1 basically roughly the same, maximum deformation quantity is high slightly.
Corase grind 10mm size two sides, grind off 0.5mm after, 90% area grinds.When being milled to 9mm, all grind on the two sides, and the steel plate deformed amount is controlled within the 0.1mm, reaches the requirement of guide rail panelling.Need the existing technology of big stock removal in the contrast background technology, not only solved the quenching heat treatment that contains according to this programme, and satisfied the requirement of guide rail panelling fully than light sheet.
Workpiece hardness can reach HRC46 after measuring tempering.
Instance 3:
Adopt identical workpiece with instance 1 and 2, the cool time is 45 seconds, 65 ° of C of oil temperature, 182 ° of C of workpiece oil outlet temperature; Other processing condition are identical.Hardness reaches HRC48 after the oil quenching.Compacting is 5 minutes behind the oil quenching, tempering time 45 minutes, and 260 ° of C of tempering temperature, temper number is HRC46.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching is accomplished | No pressing plate flattens, naturally cooling | 0.75mm |
| Oil quenching has tempering after accomplishing | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.07mm |
Same group of sample measured, and in this group sample, according to thermal treatment process of this programme and comparing of traditional technology, difference is bigger, adopt the least amount of deformation of this programme can reach 0.07mm, and the traditional technology least amount of deformation can only reach 0.7mm.
Instance 4:
Adopt identical workpiece with above-mentioned instance, 50 seconds cool times, 65 ° of C of oil temperature oil temperature, 187 ° of C of workpiece oil outlet temperature; Other processing condition are identical.Hardness reaches HRC48 after the oil quenching.Compacting is 4.5 minutes behind the oil quenching, tempering time 45 minutes, and 260 ° of C of tempering temperature, temper number is HRC46.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching is accomplished | No pressing plate flattens, naturally cooling | 0.72mm |
| Oil quenching has tempering after accomplishing | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.07mm |
Same group of sample measured, and in this group sample, according to thermal treatment process of this programme and comparing of traditional technology, difference is also bigger, adopts the least amount of deformation of this programme can reach 0.07mm, and maximum deformation quantity reaches 0.08; And the traditional technology least amount of deformation can only reach 0.7mm, and maximum deformation quantity reaches 0.75mm.
Instance 5: test with 10mm 45# hot-rolled steel sheet; Blanking rail board size 400 * 190 * 8; All the other conditions are the same with the 40Cr steel plate in the instance 1 to 4, in oil oven after the heating respectively with oily and use water quenching.Be quenched to room temperature at oil (water), about oil quenching hardness HRC32, distortion 2-3mm; Water quenching hardness HRC52, distortion 6-7mm.
Quench with the 45# steel, oil quenching hardness does not reach design requirements HRC42, and distortion is big, after processing, can not guarantee the design thickness size, is out of shape inhomogeneous; Though the water quenching hardness can reach design requirements, to be out of shape too greatly, following process can't be accomplished.
Do not recommend the scheme in the use-case 5.
It is noted that in addition in quenching process, fully take into account thin plate be difficult for quenching long-time, for can through hardening; Preferably adopt shake workpiece or disturbance quenching oil; In the corresponding short cool time,, can produce certain influence to final deflection control if there is not this step.The contriver thinks, reason possibly be if quench and do not pass through or quench inhomogeneously, can produce additional thermal stresses, and then produce additional distortion, influence final deflection and controls.
Claims (8)
1. the thermal treatment process of a steel guideway; Comprise the handle that carries out in regular turn step and quenching step as the guide rail plate heating of workpiece; And tempering step, it is characterized in that: also be included in the pressurization steps after the said quenching step, this pressurization steps is specially after the quenching step and is flat on workpiece in the inflexible plate shape frock; Carry out 3 ~ 5 minutes compacting, and then carry out tempering step.
2. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said plate shape frock is selected the two plates frock for use, and between two steel plates, and steel plate thickness is not less than five times of thickness of workpiece the workpiece horizontal; Simultaneously, carry out the pressure adjustment.
3. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the structure of carrying out the pressure adjustment is the pre-pressing structure between thread connection and above-mentioned two steel plates.
4. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the step control Heating temperature of said guide rail plate heating is to preset heating temperature, and the control Heating temperature is no more than 10 ° of C of preset heating temperature up and down.
5. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said preset heating temperature is 900 ° of C, and be 8 ~ 9 minutes corresponding heat-up time.
6. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said quenching step is an oil quenching technology, and the cool time was controlled at 40 ~ 60 seconds, 150-200 ° of C of coupling workpiece oil outlet temperature.
7. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in the quenching step, shake workpiece or disturbance quenching oil.
8. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the tempering time of said tempering step is 45 minutes, and controls tempering temperature at 260 ° of C, the workpiece horizontal naturally cooling after the tempering.
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| CN108728627A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-02 | 沈阳海克机床有限公司 | A kind of steel guide rail salt bath furnace integral quenching cold and hot working technique of 9Mn2CrV materials |
| CN111545657A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-08-18 | 洛阳特种材料研究院 | Device for preventing wide, flat and thin-wall hollow aluminum casting from being twisted |
| CN114226501A (en) * | 2021-11-06 | 2022-03-25 | 江苏富冠金属科技有限公司 | Moulding device after guide rail quenching |
| CN117004799A (en) * | 2023-09-24 | 2023-11-07 | 江苏朗锐茂达铸造有限公司 | Quenching equipment and method for thin-wall special-shaped piece of subway bogie |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108728627A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-02 | 沈阳海克机床有限公司 | A kind of steel guide rail salt bath furnace integral quenching cold and hot working technique of 9Mn2CrV materials |
| CN111545657A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-08-18 | 洛阳特种材料研究院 | Device for preventing wide, flat and thin-wall hollow aluminum casting from being twisted |
| CN114226501A (en) * | 2021-11-06 | 2022-03-25 | 江苏富冠金属科技有限公司 | Moulding device after guide rail quenching |
| CN117004799A (en) * | 2023-09-24 | 2023-11-07 | 江苏朗锐茂达铸造有限公司 | Quenching equipment and method for thin-wall special-shaped piece of subway bogie |
| CN117004799B (en) * | 2023-09-24 | 2023-12-22 | 江苏朗锐茂达铸造有限公司 | Quenching equipment and method for thin-wall special-shaped piece of subway bogie |
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