CN102487697A - Mountainous-area protecting meadow building method of arid areas - Google Patents
Mountainous-area protecting meadow building method of arid areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487697A CN102487697A CN2011104129855A CN201110412985A CN102487697A CN 102487697 A CN102487697 A CN 102487697A CN 2011104129855 A CN2011104129855 A CN 2011104129855A CN 201110412985 A CN201110412985 A CN 201110412985A CN 102487697 A CN102487697 A CN 102487697A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mountainous-area protecting meadow building method of arid areas, which comprises selecting plant varieties suitable for mountainous-area environmental characteristics, building a protecting strip and an isolation strip on the periphery of an artificial meadow and in the meadow at an early period, and technical measures including widths of the protecting strip and the isolation strip, variety allocation, space sequences (positions), planting intervals, an irrigation method and the like are designed through orthogonal tests. Protecting effects are provided for growth of grass by building the peripheral protecting strip of the mountainous-area protecting meadow and the internal isolation strip, hazards of sand blown by wind and strong wind weather on sprouting and growth of the grass are reduced to maximum extent, survival rate of the grass and yield of the meadow are improved, and success of mountainous-area artificial meadow building under the dry desert environment is promoted. The mountainous-area protecting meadow building method of the arid areas is the optimum technical mode of mountainous-area meadow building of arid areas and achieves high increase of grass survival and yield in mountainous-area artificial meadow building of the arid areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to arid biogeographic zone mountain area development of man-made grasslands technical method, be specifically related to area, desert meadow, north slope mountain area, Kun Lun Mountain, South Sinkiang, Xinjiang, the technical method that the mountain area artificially sown pastures are built.
Background technology
Xinjiang is that herding sparetime university economizes.Desert meadow, South Sinkiang area accounts for 17.45% of full boundary meadow capable of using area, is local important winter range, and mainly is distributed in area, desert meadow, north slope mountain area, Kun Lun Mountain.Current, the surge of oasis population and animal product price surging stimulated livestock breeding that the predatoriness of desert meadow living resources is asked for.The desert Grassland ecosystems are degenerated, desertification trend is very serious, directly affect the stable of the local livestock breeding production and the oasis ecosystem, have further aggravated area, South Sinkiang, Xinjiang man-land relationship's contradiction.
Along with national herdsman moves the enforcement of settling down engineering, artificial efficient forage grass turning the herdsman into settles down most important link in the engineering.Area, desert meadow, mountain area becomes the main area of development of man-made grasslands with its light and heat condition and geographical position.The construction on high-efficiency artificial forage grass ground not only can improve the bearing capacity on meadow; Increase the output and raising herdsman income of livestock products; And for the production and living conditions of improving oasis, South Sinkiang eco-environmental quality, poor village, change pastoral area, South Sinkiang; Change the mode of production that falls behind, accelerate to advance herdsman's resettlement to settle down and have great importance with pastoral area new countryside construction process.
The distribution area, desert meadow in the mountain area, because the mountain area geographical environment is special, hazards of sand storms is to influence the key factor, particularly strong wind that herbage becomes to live, grow up, becoming influences the key factor that the sown pasture grass-seed becomes to live and output improves.Conventional artificial grassland construction method owing to lack the construction of protective belt and grassland intermediate isolating band, is difficult to solve mountain area sown pasture seedling lethality height and the problem that yields poorly.Grass seeds lethality height and strong wind cause the sown pasture grass yield to be difficult to improve to the influence of herbage growth.Development of man-made grasslands efficient low not only wasted great amount of manpower and material resources and financial resources, and has been difficult to reach the construct effects of biology of expection.Output on the low side makes sown pasture be difficult to produce due demonstration effect and economic benefit.
The present invention has used for reference the protection effect of oasis protection system; Through protection grassland, research and development mountain area construction technique; With growth protective condition is provided for the one-tenth of good forage is alive; Improve the survival rate of herbage seedling and the grass yield on meadow, to be implemented in the arid biogeographic zone development of man-made grasslands success that artificial efficient forage grass ground, mountain area is built.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of arid biogeographic zone mountain area method that the protection grassland is built is provided, this method is inside and outside the artificially sown pastures of mountain area, to build protective belt and isolation strip; With the orthogonal experiment is foundation; Screening is fit to the protective belt plant variety in mountain area, confirms protective belt and isolation strip size and species layout, the barrier action that utilizes mountain area protection grassland construction to form; Reduce the harm that dust storm germinates and grows herbage to greatest extent; Improve survival rate and the meadow grass yield of herbage, promote under the environment of arid desert the success of mountain area development of man-made grasslands.Method of the present invention is the best-of-breed technology pattern of arid biogeographic zone mountain area grassland planting, has realized that herbage becomes increasing considerably of alive and output in the artificial forage grass ground construction of arid biogeographic zone mountain area.
The method that protection grassland, mountain area, a kind of arid area of the present invention is built follows these steps to carry out:
A, the peripheral plantation in grassland protective belt: select arrow-leaved oleaster, head Radix Calligoni Mongolici and Tamarix ramosissima varieties of plant; Around the grassland, plant protective belt, wherein the outermost layer on grassland is planted arrow-leaved oleaster, intermediate layer plantation head Radix Calligoni Mongolici; The internal layer plantation Chinese tamarisk on grassland, 5 meters of protection bandwidths;
B, in the middle of the grassland plantation protection isolation strip, selecting Radix Caraganae polourensis and head Radix Calligoni Mongolici is varieties of plant, protects 1.5 meters of isolation bandwidths, 0.7 meter of line space, 1 meter of strain spacing;
C, the plantation of the pasture growing district, vacant lot in the middle of grassland leguminous forage;
D, the peripheral protective belt in grassland place lay the irrigate band, and distance is 1.0 meters, and grassland intermediate isolating band is laid the irrigate band, and distance is 0.7 meter, and pasture growing district, vacant lot, grassland lays shower head, and distance is 4.0 meters and gets final product.
The outermost plantation layer on step a protective belt grassland is arrow-leaved oleaster 2 row, 1.5 meters of line spaces, 1.6 meters of strain spacings; Middle plantation layer is head Radix Calligoni Mongolici 2 row, 1.0 meters of line spaces, 1.0 meters of strain spacings; The plantation layer of internal layer is Tamarix ramosissima 2 row, 0.7 meter of line space, 1.0 meters of strain spacings.
The arrow-leaved oleaster of the outermost layer plantation on step a protective belt grassland is wrong row plantation between every row; Promptly from the beginning the 1st row arrow-leaved oleaster plants; The 2nd row arrow-leaved oleaster is stepped back 0.8 meter plantation, and intermediate layer plantation head Radix Calligoni Mongolici is wrong row plantation between every row, and promptly from the beginning the 1st row Radix Calligoni Mongolici plants; The 2nd wardrobe shape Radix Calligoni Mongolici is stepped back 0.5 meter plantation, and the internal layer Tamarix ramosissima is pressed general planting.
The Radix Caraganae polourensis of step b isolation strip plantation and head Radix Calligoni Mongolici are single kind or two kinds of alternately plantations respectively.
The interband distance of step b isolation strip is 16 meters.
Protection isolation strip trend is in vertical distribution with local prevailing wind direction in the middle of the step b grassland.
The leguminous forage of pasture growing district, the vacant lot plantation in the middle of the step c grassland is sainfoin or clover or daghestan sweet clover.
The clover of plantation is for Tian Daye, expense nail (unit of length) alfalfa, newly herd No. two or Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa.
The grassland building method is protected compared with prior art in mountain area, drought-hit area of the present invention, and its characteristics are:
According to arid biogeographic zone mountain region environmental quality, screen drought-enduring, anti-dust storm plant and set up mountain area sown pasture protective barrier, form protection grassland, arid biogeographic zone mountain area construction technique method.The foundation of protective belt has greatly reduced the harm of windburn environment in mountain area to herbage growth in peripheral protective barrier in protection grassland and the grassland, for protective condition has been created in survival and the growth of artificially sown pastures herbage seedling.Greatly improve the biological yield of artificially sown pastures herbages, thereby can embody the advantage that artificially sown pastures are built.
The present invention compares with existing mountain area artificially sown pastures construction technique, and grassland protective belt and isolation strip are tall, the appropriate dense planting of shrub, under the equal conditions of mountain area, have reduced hazards of sand storms, the particularly strong wind influence to herbage seedling survival and growth significantly.Herbage seedling storage rate and herbage biological yield significantly increase.After-culture reduces, and has reduced the sowing cost, has saved manpower.Simultaneously, biological yield increases considerably, and has improved the livestock bearing capacity of sown pasture effectively, has better economic benefit and exemplary role.
The present invention screens the plant species that is fit to the mountain area environment;, artificially sown pastures in periphery, grassland and meadow, set up protective belt and isolation strip in advance when building; Just carry out the plantation of herbage then, artificially sown pastures are built under the protection condition, have improved the validity and the success rate of grassland construction.
Grassland protective belt, isolation strip and pasture growing district adopt different irrigation methods, in to protective belt and meadow space structure and biology characteristics separately, have fully improved the utilization ratio of water resource.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Uruk Say township, Celei County, hotan area, the herdsmen's settlement, 200 mu of experiment and demonstration ground, base, 2400 meters artificial forage grass ground of height above sea level serve as to build the unit with 1 hectare.The protective belt main breed, arrow-leaved oleaster, head Radix Calligoni Mongolici, Tamarix ramosissima, herbage is clover (with Tian Daye, expense nail (unit of length) alfalfa), sainfoin;
Level land:
Gentle slope, preceding mountain belts, planting site point selection mountain area, physical features is smooth, the bare area of the spaciousness that gradient fluctuating is less; Integral body is carried out smooth, peripheral protective belt in meadow and the inner cave-shaped whole ground method that adopts, and establishment is planted seedlings and environment is settled down in manual work; Long 60 centimetres, wide 60 centimetres, dark 60 centimetres of arbor planting pit (tree well), spacing in the rows is 1.6 meters, line-spacing is 1.5 meters; The shrub planting pit, long 40 centimetres, wide 40 centimetres, dark 40 centimetres;
Irrigation rig is laid:
Peripheral protective belt is laid 7 irrigate bands on the grassland, and dropper is near tree well, and line space is 1.0 meters, and 3 irrigate bands are laid in the protection isolation strip in the grassland, 0.7 meter of line space, and 2 shower nozzles are laid in vacant lot, grassland, and the sprinkling irrigation distance is 4 meters;
Nursery stock is selected:
Protective belt and isolation strip commercial variety are main with arrow-leaved oleaster, head Radix Calligoni Mongolici, Tamarix ramosissima mainly; Seedling quality is to influence the key factor that protective barrier builds up; Therefore must select healthy and strong nursery stock, generally select the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds in 2 years for use, guarantee normal root length, leading thread and ground height (about 50 centimetres); Root system not damaged, splitting, underproof seedling, sick worm seedling, maimed Miao Buneng are used for protective barrier;
The protective belt seedling planting:
Will be the rudiment nursery stock do not place the tree well center, banket into the hole after making root system in order, to cheating a dark half, nursery stock is upwards carried to requiring the degree of depth, banket the hole again till 15 centimeters of ground (tree well mouth), in tree well, cover at last husky full to the hole, floating making real;
Plantation:
The peripheral plantation in grassland protective belt: the time is at the beginning of 3 months, selects arrow-leaved oleaster, arbor shape Radix Calligoni Mongolici and Tamarix ramosissima varieties of plant, around the grassland, plants protective belt, wherein the outermost layer on grassland plantation arrow-leaved oleaster 2 row; 1.5 meters of line spaces, 1.6 meters of strain spacings, wrong row plantation between every row, promptly from the beginning the 1st row arrow-leaved oleaster plants; The 2nd row arrow-leaved oleaster is stepped back 0.8 meter plantation, intermediate layer plantation head Radix Calligoni Mongolici 2 row, 1.0 meters of line spaces, 1.0 meters of strain spacings; Wrong row plantation between every row, promptly from the beginning the 1st row Radix Calligoni Mongolici plants, and the 2nd wardrobe shape Radix Calligoni Mongolici is stepped back 0.5 meter plantation, and the internal layer on grassland is pressed general planting Tamarix ramosissima 2 row; 0.7 meter of line space, 1.0 meters of strain spacings, 5 meters of protection bandwidths;
Plantation protection isolation strip in the middle of the grassland, selecting Radix Caraganae polourensis and head Radix Calligoni Mongolici is varieties of plant, 1.5 meters of protection isolation bandwidths; 0.7 meter of line space; 1 meter of strain spacing adopts single respectively kind of Radix Caraganae polourensis and head Radix Calligoni Mongolici to plant, and promptly Radix Caraganae polourensis is all planted in an isolation strip; The head Radix Calligoni Mongolici is all planted in another isolation strip, and the interband distance between the isolation strip is 16 meters;
Pasture growing district, vacant lot plantation leguminous forage sainfoin in the middle of the grassland or clover (with Tian Daye, take the nail (unit of length) alfalfa), the time is mid-April, all adopts drilling, and line-spacing is 15 centimetres, and the seed level degree is 2 centimetres and gets final product.
Embodiment 2
Minfeng County, hotan area leaf also restrains the township, desert meadow in front of the mountains, and 2200 meters of height above sea level, 60 mu of fodder grasses demonstration bases serve as to build the unit with 1 hectare.The protective belt main breed, arrow-leaved oleaster, head Radix Calligoni Mongolici, Tamarix ramosissima, Radix Caraganae polourensis, herbage is clover (expense nail (unit of length) alfalfa, newly herd No. two, Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa), daghestan sweet clover;
Level land:
Preceding mountain belts, planting site point selection mountain area physical features is smooth, spacious, the bare area that gradient fluctuating is less, and integral body is carried out smooth; Peripheral protective belt in meadow and the inner cave-shaped whole ground method that adopts, establishment is planted seedlings and environment is settled down in manual work, long 60 centimetres, wide 60 centimetres, dark 60 centimetres of arbor planting pit (tree well); Spacing in the rows is 1.6 meters; Line-spacing is 1.5 meters, shrub planting pit, long 40 centimetres, wide 40 centimetres, dark 40 centimetres;
Irrigation rig is laid:
Peripheral protective belt is laid 7 irrigate bands on the grassland, and dropper is near tree well, and line space is 1.0 meters, and 3 irrigate bands are laid in the protection isolation strip in the grassland, 0.7 meter of line space, and 2 shower nozzles are laid in vacant lot in the grassland, and distance is 4 meters;
Nursery stock is selected:
Protective belt and isolation strip commercial variety are main with arrow-leaved oleaster, head Radix Calligoni Mongolici, Tamarix ramosissima mainly.Seedling quality is to influence the key factor that protective barrier builds up; Therefore must select healthy and strong nursery stock; Generally select the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds in 2 years for use; Guarantee normal root length, leading thread and ground height (about 50 centimetres), root system not damaged, splitting, underproof seedling, sick worm seedling, maimed Miao Buneng are used for protective barrier;
The protective belt seedling planting:
Will be the rudiment nursery stock do not place the tree well center, banket into the hole after making root system in order, to cheating a dark half, nursery stock is upwards carried to requiring the degree of depth, banket the hole again till 15 centimeters of ground (tree well mouth), in tree well, cover at last husky full to the hole, floating making real;
Plantation:
The peripheral plantation in grassland protective belt: the time is at the beginning of 3 months, selects arrow-leaved oleaster, arbor shape Radix Calligoni Mongolici and Tamarix ramosissima varieties of plant, around the grassland, plants protective belt, wherein the outermost layer on grassland plantation arrow-leaved oleaster 2 row; 1.5 meters of line spaces, 1.6 meters of strain spacings, wrong row plantation between every row, promptly from the beginning the 1st row arrow-leaved oleaster plants; The 2nd row arrow-leaved oleaster is stepped back 0.8 meter plantation, intermediate layer plantation head Radix Calligoni Mongolici 2 row, 1.0 meters of line spaces, 1.0 meters of strain spacings; Wrong row plantation between every row, promptly from the beginning the 1st row Radix Calligoni Mongolici plants, and the 2nd wardrobe shape Radix Calligoni Mongolici is stepped back 0.5 meter plantation, and the internal layer on grassland is pressed general planting Tamarix ramosissima 2 row; 0.7 meter of line space, 1.0 meters of strain spacings, 5 meters of protection bandwidths;
Plantation protection isolation strip in the middle of the grassland, selecting Radix Caraganae polourensis and head Radix Calligoni Mongolici is varieties of plant, 1.5 meters of protection isolation bandwidths; 0.7 meter of line space; 1 meter of strain spacing adopts Radix Caraganae polourensis and head Radix Calligoni Mongolici alternately to plant for two kinds, i.e. delegation's Radix Caraganae polourensis in an isolation strip; Delegation's head Radix Calligoni Mongolici, the interband distance between the isolation strip is 16 meters;
Pasture growing district, vacant lot plantation leguminous forage clover in the middle of the grassland (expense nail (unit of length) alfalfa, newly herd No. two, Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa) and daghestan sweet clover; Time is mid-April; All adopt behind clover and the daghestan sweet clover miscegenation and broadcast sowing mode, gently harrow after broadcasting sowing, suppression at last once gets final product.
Claims (8)
1. the grassland building method is protected in an arid biogeographic zone mountain area, it is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, the peripheral plantation in grassland protective belt: select arrow-leaved oleaster, head Radix Calligoni Mongolici and Tamarix ramosissima varieties of plant; Around the grassland, plant protective belt, wherein the outermost layer on grassland is planted arrow-leaved oleaster, intermediate layer plantation head Radix Calligoni Mongolici; The internal layer plantation Chinese tamarisk on grassland, 5 meters of protection bandwidths;
B, in the middle of the grassland plantation protection isolation strip, selecting Radix Caraganae polourensis and head Radix Calligoni Mongolici is varieties of plant, protects 1.5 meters of isolation bandwidths, 0.7 meter of line space, 1 meter of strain spacing;
C, the plantation of the pasture growing district, vacant lot in the middle of grassland leguminous forage;
D, the peripheral protective belt in grassland place lay the irrigate band, and distance is 1.0 meters, and grassland intermediate isolating band is laid the irrigate band, and distance is 0.7 meter, and pasture growing district, vacant lot, grassland lays shower head, and the sprinkling irrigation distance is 4.0 meters and gets final product.
2. method according to claim 1, the arrow-leaved oleaster that it is characterized in that the outermost layer plantation on step a protective belt grassland is 2 row, 1.5 meters of line spaces; 1.6 meters of strain spacings, the head Radix Calligoni Mongolici of intermediate layer plantation are 2 row, 1.0 meters of line spaces; 1.0 meters of strain spacings; The Tamarix ramosissima of internal layer plantation is 2 row, 0.7 meter of line space, 1.0 meters of strain spacings.
3. method according to claim 2; The arrow-leaved oleaster that it is characterized in that the outermost layer plantation on step a protective belt grassland is wrong row plantation between every row, and promptly from the beginning the 1st row arrow-leaved oleaster plants, and the 2nd row arrow-leaved oleaster is stepped back 0.8 meter plantation; Intermediate layer plantation head Radix Calligoni Mongolici is wrong row plantation between every row; Promptly from the beginning the 1st row Radix Calligoni Mongolici plants, and the 2nd wardrobe shape Radix Calligoni Mongolici is stepped back 0.5 meter plantation, and the internal layer Chinese tamarisk is pressed general planting.
4. based on the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that Radix Caraganae polourensis and the husky honey raisin tree of head that plant step b isolation strip are single kind or two kinds of alternately plantations respectively.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that the interband distance of step b isolation strip is 16 meters.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the trend and the local prevailing wind direction of middle protection isolation strip, step b grassland is in vertical distribution.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that the leguminous forage of pasture growing district, the vacant lot plantation that step c grassland is middle is sainfoin, clover or daghestan sweet clover.
8. method according to claim 7, the clover that it is characterized in that planting is for Tian Daye, expense nail (unit of length) alfalfa, newly herd No. two or Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102804999A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2012-12-05 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Biological fertilization method for sand soil of date garden and application of method |
| CN103004393A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for construction of water-saving biological protection system on periphery of oasis under flood irrigation condition |
| CN104756695A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Arid region lawn planting method |
| CN105875340A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 合肥原印农业科技有限公司 | High-yield planting method of eriobotrya japonica |
| CN107258467A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-20 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Husky area's Tamarix ramosissima direct seeding forestation method of Extremely arid area |
| CN110291959A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-01 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | A kind of irrigation method and cultural method of clover |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102804999A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2012-12-05 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Biological fertilization method for sand soil of date garden and application of method |
| CN103004393A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for construction of water-saving biological protection system on periphery of oasis under flood irrigation condition |
| CN103004393B (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for construction of water-saving biological protection system on periphery of oasis under flood irrigation condition |
| CN104756695A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Arid region lawn planting method |
| CN105875340A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 合肥原印农业科技有限公司 | High-yield planting method of eriobotrya japonica |
| CN107258467A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-20 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Husky area's Tamarix ramosissima direct seeding forestation method of Extremely arid area |
| CN107258467B (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-11-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Husky area's Tamarix ramosissima direct seeding forestation method of Extremely arid area |
| CN110291959A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-01 | 甘肃省农业工程技术研究院 | A kind of irrigation method and cultural method of clover |
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Application publication date: 20120613 |