CN102486169A - High-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump for ship - Google Patents
High-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump for ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN102486169A CN102486169A CN2009102587122A CN200910258712A CN102486169A CN 102486169 A CN102486169 A CN 102486169A CN 2009102587122 A CN2009102587122 A CN 2009102587122A CN 200910258712 A CN200910258712 A CN 200910258712A CN 102486169 A CN102486169 A CN 102486169A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a structure of a high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump. A large flow and a high pressure are obtained by high speed rotation. A transmission chain in a ship is greatly simplified. The high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has light weight and is suitable for high-speed sailing. The high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump is characterized in that an axial flow pump impeller and a screw of a screw pump which are driven coaxially are arranged in a big sleeve to form a structure of an axial flow pump and the screw pump; if the positions of the axial flow pump and the screw pump are exchanged, a structure of the screw pump and the multi-stage axial pump is formed; and water is sucked from the front of the ship bottom, obtains kinetic energy through the front-mounted pump and then is fed to the rear-mounted pump to be boosted to be sprayed, so that the ship is propelled. One single screw is arranged and is provided with a plurality of heads; screw edges are very narrow and have large screw pitch, so that the depth of a screw thread gradually becomes shallow to achieve the effects of large flow and high pressure; and the axial flow pump is designed by combining excellent aerofoils according to a variable-circulation variable-axis surface. The pump has a very simple structure, has good manufacturability and is easy to manufacture; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump is convenient to install; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump rotates at the high speed, has small volume and light weight, is efficient and energy-saving; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has the self-adsorption capability and the ship has high sailing speed; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump can be made to have large power; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has double-injection capability, a steering engine is saved and the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has high performances which cannot be realized by a single low speed axial flow pump or mixed-flow pump injection propeller.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to provide a kind of structure of efficient axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel, be used for Modern High-Speed ship pump hydraulic jet propulsion, also screw pump or axial-flow pump use separately separately.This displacement pump is compressible air also, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft.
Two, background technique
2.1, denomination of invention is arranged is " horizontal double-circular-arc gear pump is used for high-speed craft " in the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches for application in I, number of patent application is 2009101732167.This is a basis and U.S. high speed power system technology peculiar to vessel company to China, and the innovative design after the exchange of technology repeatedly already obtains favorable comment the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.And American side more provides the photo of many data that extensively adopts now axial-flow pump in the world and up-to-date high speed, high-performance airscrew, hopes that I can also innovation to some extent aspect axial-flow pump, and this is the common aspiration of sincerity cooperative development.
2.2, denomination of invention is arranged is " floating meshed double screw vermicelli and food extruder " in the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches for application in I, number of patent application 200510133961.0 because this is a screw pump, is a displacement pump, has the advantage of high efficiency, high pressure, is confirmed by production practices the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.Data shows, screw pump can be made into 300 cubic metres/time, pressure is up to 200 barometric pressure, indivedual water pump revolution Gao Zheke reach 10000 rev/mins.In view of my design experiences, want naturally it is introduced in the design of this innovation to screw pump.
2.3, I provide the data of axial-flow pump peculiar to vessel according to the U.S side, analyse in depth, think and find out: higher efficient is arranged with centrifugal pump comparison axial-flow pump from the principle of axial-flow pump; Compacter, but can only produce less pressure, " because there is not for how much radial fluid to flow here; and; centrifugal force is the position perpendicular on the plane on surface, and fluid is along these Surface runoff, so centrifugal force does not do work " (draw from " pump and ventilator " Lee 16 pages of Zhang Yidi arranged).Because the understanding this point is of crucial importance, has only the defective that gets on to understand axial-flow pump from the working principle of pump, just establishes the value of this innovation.The whole world is all hankered after on high-speed craft now, uses the pump hydraulic jet propulsion of axial-flow pump as high-speed craft, and defective is very big in fact.For no other reason than that its advantage is quite a few: " its shape wants much little than centrifugal pump during same carrying capacity "; Simple structure; The gap of wheel blade is big, to containing the seawater of foreign material, clog-free anxiety.
Axial-flow pump has another name called " propeller formula water pump; the movable vane wheel that is water pump is similar with the propeller cavitation of boats and ships; liquid flows along pump shaft " in the leaf road; Because each wing wing with aircraft of latticed wing is similar in the axial flow pump, and pitch is quite big, also can try to achieve the energy that driving wheel is passed to water so use the theory of wing.Therefore the theory of axial flow pump should comprehensively be discussed by moment of momentum theory and wing theory two aspects.Wheel blade with propeller cavitation cuts out " the primitive wheel wing ", can be theoretical according to the moment of momentum, obtain dependent equation, and lifting force and the resistance branch amount of dying young that the primitive wheel wing produces current are obtained in die young component analysis and calculating.The shape of the primitive wheel wing in fact, the theory design the basis on, be unable to do without trial-production in kind and repeatedly test!
2.4 " do not think that we have used the propeller cavitation of centuries perfect through very the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.Usefulness is very low in fact, goes by ship at ordinary times such as us, sees that on the quarter the spray that propeller cavitation stirs seethes in a large number, with aerodynamic term Here it is sinuous flow.Especially at a high speed, propeller cavitation has become to block boats and ships resistance forward simply." this is the Email of the U.S side, " idea that oneself can be arranged on impeller design absorbs each strength, and the characteristics of oneself are arranged then furtherly." how sincere mutual inspiration, break the back of a tough job jointly!
2.5 I also refer to the defective of propeller cavitation and the shortcoming of axial-flow pump the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches in " background technique " of the patent application " specification " of " horizontal double-circular-arc gear pump is used for high-speed craft ".The present revises slightly and quotes from following:
2.5.1 the U.S. " extra large wolf " level nuclear powered submarine pump propulsion device, " rotating speed is about 130 rev/mins ", and adopt seven leaf skew back propeller cavitations, to raise the efficiency, reduce the noise (American side also provides photo) of eddy current.Overall structure can be outside the seven leaf oars through seeing on the picture concerned also, sets up the huge annular conduit that is used for shielding noise, and stator before rotor is arranged.It belongs to axial-flow pump, and conduit, stator, rotor are arranged, and structure is very huge, " its weight is 2 to 3 times of traditional propeller especially, to hull trim, stern construction and propulsion device shafting vibration etc., all bring bigger influence ".And this pump can be expected 3000 to 4000 rev/mins of work down.Be that the axial-flow pump used of the comparable existing high-speed craft of this revolution speed is high, Here it is is bent in person and wants through cooperation, earnestly goes to pursue and use this pump, reaches generation traditional propeller cavitation and the external reason of marine pump such as axial-flow pump.
2.5.2 further analyze, the rotating speed that marine propeller is common can only be below 300 rev/mins, rotating speed is high will to produce the cavity phenomenon.As to improve its rotating speed, its power will increase severely by the cube function, represent with formula: N
1/ N
O=(n
1/ n
o)
3For example, the rotating speed of propeller cavitation is from n
o=130 rev/mins, improve 3 times to n
1=390 rev/mins, its power is from N
OIncrease to N
127 times more than, this is the iron rule! This also is why marine propeller advances, and join the reason of great power.All centrifugal pump, helicopter screw propellers of pressing centrifugal action between its power and the rotating speed, all are to abide by this cube function relation to increase severely; And this axial flow screw pump is a displacement pump with the screw pump supercharging, does not receive this rule constraint; When flow, pressure increase, its power is just pressed direct proportaion and is increased, and can reach significantly energy-conservation; When all extensive uses on each ship, replace traditional propeller cavitation with this pump, extremely huge its energy-saving significance will be!
2.6 introduce in " pump is selected for use " handbook: peripheral pump efficient is 36～38%, and its principle and propeller for vessels have similarity, and efficient is far below displacement pump.LB-63 screw oil pump for example, volumetric efficiency reach 83% in (torrid zone, Guangzhou machine grind produce), promptly exceed more than one times than vortex pump efficiency.If can both use displacement pump on the ship, replace non-displacement pump, its energy-saving significance is extremely far-reaching.
Have and can reach high pressure, outstanding advantage at a high speed 2.7 state screw pump preceding the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, thus the volume energy of pump dwindle greatly, in light weight, jet pressure is high, everything all extremely favourable ship ultra high speed navigation.This displacement pump also can be used for pressurized air, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft.
2.8 " science is exactly high-effect propeller cavitation, and this propeller cavitation angle is very little, and is littler than adjustable speedboat propeller cavitation angle, and length is longer, is long strip, is very strange in one's manner, and the model of the DNA that sees at ordinary times just as us is in other words as the rifling of gun barrel the inside.Blade rotates a circle and just can water be promoted very long distance, obtains reaction, and very slow rotating speed also can cause the current of high velocity jet ".This is the information that the U.S side provides reference, transmits photo in kind simultaneously.I am after gratitude, and more idea is to walk the road of oneself innovation! Because I think the efficient of this " high-effect propeller cavitation ", and how am I unclear? But still belonging to non-displacement pump, efficient also can not surpass displacement pump.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the invention: relate to the structure that a kind of efficient axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel is provided; Be used for Modern High-Speed ship pump hydraulic jet propulsion; Reach the structure of the high speed of a ship or plane, energy-conservation, easy manufacturing, very big abbreviation Transmitted chains, reduce investment, also screw pump or independent axial-flow pump use separately.Promptly remove the impeller of axial-flow pump, and make the screw rod lengthening of screw pump simultaneously, screw pump separately; Remove screw rod axial-flow pump separately, and make the wheel blade width of axial-flow pump broaden, flatten simultaneously, promptly elongate the impeller of axial-flow pump.This displacement pump also can be used for pressurized air, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft.
3.1 its major technique is characterised in that: on the axle in the water inlet one side sleeve of single screw rod water pump, increase a axial-flow pump impeller again, constitute: the innovation structure of " axial-flow pump+helical rotor pump " with shaft drive.Single screw rod can be a multiple thread, the helical pitch that tool is very big (four multiple threads, shape is the spitting image of edible " deep-fried twisted dough sticks " that reverse greatly).Because the pump of two kinds of different operating principles, optimum organization is transporting water in same sleeve, and current elder generation is through the impeller of axial-flow pump; Obtain initial kinetic energy; And then be sent to screw pump and come supercharging, helical rotor pump is worked under the big back pressure obtaining, conveying capacity obtains big raising.This can liken, and be contained in helical rotor pump under the high-pressure water pipe that hydroelectric power uses this moment, like water turbine, accepts head pressure, helps water and gets into screw pump ingress repressurize, accelerates the suction velocity of screw pump.In other words be that press water is seen off, suitable speed and kinetic energy are arranged its sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, can improve the volumetric efficiency of screw pump.Below supposition improves volumetric efficiency 30%; Also can partly alleviate the supercharging burden of screw pump.
3.2 the structure characteristic of helical rotor pump is: borrow uniform pitch, the degree of depth of screw thread shoals gradually, and (degree of depth of perhaps getting screw thread is identical, and pitch is by diminishing greatly gradually about about 3 degree in spiral shell root inclination angle; Perhaps get the little circular cone that is of sleeve and shrink, the screw rod cylindrical also is circular cone and shrinks, and this moment, pitch was constant); By every possible means, make the volume of screw pump inlet side (refer under the uniform pitch pitch in a word; The spatial volume of screw thread) be a bit larger tham the volume of screw pump outlet side, promptly water receives propelling (right-handed thread on the structure, the anticlockwise of screw thread rotation; Advance water forward), volume is by compression and supercharging.As with in first pitch of compression ratio=import, in the last pitch of the spatial volume S1 ÷ of screw thread outlet, the spatial volume S2 of screw thread.When compression ratio is between 1.1～1.2, relatively be suitable for the supercharging of this pump, be used for the ship hydraulic jet propulsion.Bigger compression ratio, pump discharge pressure will be higher, but power consumpiton is also bigger.When being used for gas compression, pressure ratio will increase (the screw pump pressure maximum of stating preceding the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches can reach 200 barometric pressure, and this helical rotor pump is used for the ship water spray, and pressure requires not high, about 5 to 10 barometric pressure).Obvious this supercharging is that single axial-flow pump can't be realized, is traditional propeller or external the most novel " high-effect propeller cavitation ", extremely effective, the supercharging reliably that are difficult to obtain!
3.3 marine pump is wanted big flow and especially big flow, this can borrow major diameter sleeve and big screw rod, and less slenderness ratio and large screw pitch (multiple thread is better) obtain.The effective total length ÷ of screw thread screw rod external diameter on slenderness ratio=screw rod.This place uses slenderness ratio, gets about 1.2～1.5 and gets final product.Too big L/D ratio need not, increased machining.Usually big L/D ratio is used for the synthetic fiber screw extruder, and it is long that polymer heat is melted route, mixes; Like the polypropylene fiber spinning, got slenderness ratio 32: 1, promptly length is 32 times more than of diameter; It is very long that heat is melted route; Divide feeding zone, compressing area, homogenize district, I have transplanted the compressing area principle, am used for this pump.This displacement pump is compressible air also, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft, at this moment just should select bigger slenderness ratio for use.With large screw pitch or multiple thread, it is very fast to intake, and the time of water in screw sleeve has lacked, and flow just increases, the also corresponding reduction of delivery pressure.But say that as American side ship is not high to the pressure requirement of hydraulic jet propulsion, this pump can reach fully.This pump tool suction capacity needn't be filled drinking-water earlier as centrifugal pump before promptly starting.It is outstanding advantage that ship can depart rapidly because of screw pump is the strong suction capacity of displacement pump tool! Like the independent axial-flow pump of using, must could start earlier with drinking-water, extremely unfavorable ship departs rapidly; Perhaps whole axial-flow pump all imbedded in the water, but increased trouble for the input of transmission.
3.4 because the pump of two kinds of different operating principles, optimum organization is transporting water in same sleeve, current through the impeller of axial-flow pump, obtain initial kinetic energy earlier, are sent to the screw pump repressurize then, and screw pump is worked under obtaining than big back pressure, and conveying capacity improves greatly.The former flow should be a bit larger tham the latter, and is about about 10%, and because of the former is non-displacement pump, inflow-rate of water turbine can reflux, but the unnecessary leeway of flow is too many, must cause the waste of the energy.Two kinds of pump runners (referring to the impeller of axial-flow pump and the screw rod of screw pump) in the pump housing of can packing into separately respectively, on the position of installing separately, under identical rotating speed, are surveyed out pump duty.The flow of getting screw pump is the normal flow of goods, changes pitch t, also can change width of blade b with the blade quantity that changes axial-flow pump, and promptly b/t ratio is called " section grid density " and has changed; Change the blade arrangement angle θ of wheel, promptly " section grid " inclination angle changes.In a word, flow matches is very important, same the pump that external form is all identical with Inner Dimension, and only because of the flow matches quality, efficient is with inequality.Except designing and calculate with reference to aforementioned " braking torque theory and wing theory ", mostly is to do the real examination of several axial-flow pump impellers more, and conscientiously contrast analyzed in test and record.U.S. Ford Motor enterprise founders Ford is said: " do our this delegation, except test, do not have better way "!
The present invention seeks to realize through following extremely simple structure: the big sleeve downside of a horizontal positioned is welded with support; In the big sleeve, front and back all are provided with bearing pack and corresponding Sealing, the transmission shaft in the middle of being used to support.Split " single screw rod of the impeller+screw pump of axial-flow pump " utmost point on the axle and just dismantle, its external diameter and sleeve endoporus be very accurate, accurately match, and promptly stays the gap little and even, and to reach high FLUID TRANSPORTATION efficient, this wants the closing reason to design and good manufacturability guarantees.Downside has the water inlet behind the sleeve.This hole is near the rear bearing group of power input side, and the another side in hole and the impeller of axial-flow pump are pressed close to very much, are convenient to into water.The externally connected pipe of water inlet extends hull bottom vertically downward, and water is sucted.For anti-foreign material suck, the centre of water inlet externally connected pipe is provided with and is convenient to the net that quick detachment is cleaned.Promptly, borrow connecting hinge and bolt coupling mechanism force on the dismounting folder with " the fast assembling-disassembling folder " split, through ramp effect, in the clamping on the lower linking tube, the flange plate on tool inclined-plane, and be positioned at the filter screen of centre.When unclamping lock bolt, filter screen can level take out.
The rear bearing group of above-mentioned power input side is through big flange plate, accurately connects with the big flange plate of big sleeve rear end.The rear bearing group is united formation by plane bearing and several balls (roller) bearing, produces bigger end thrust so that bear screw pump, reaches the radial force that the transmission shaft torsional moment is produced.With several balls (roller) bearing, make structure more reliable, very long because of transmission shaft, bearing can't be set up again again in the centre.For waterproof gets into bearing chamber, there are sealing cover and rubber seal in the inboard.Outside rear bearing group circular shell, be with back poppet, it and the support acting in conjunction that big sleeve downside welds intactly are contained in whole pump in the cabin.
The fore bearing group is near the screw front end of screw pump.Through the ring of the garden outside the fore bearing shell of integral body, and several straight muscle of connection garden ring and bearing shell, make the fore bearing shell be able to the location, can not cause too much resistance by feedwater flow again.The vertical bar muscle needn't be too much with 3～5, and the cross section of muscle is narrow along water (flow) direction, and process circle or tip.Because of it in current at a high speed, can consume certain power.Within the fore bearing shell, be equipped with bearing pack, and be provided with seal arrangement.Whole fore bearing shell, benefit is: machining accuracy is very high, promptly under clamping, the central bore that big outer garden of processing and installation bearing are used, the coaxial precision of a guaranteeing precision workpiece that takes this opportunity.In addition, overlapping the tube length endoporus greatly, also is in the once mounting, machine, thereby, the big endoporus that the fore bearing shell is used is installed, with the whole endoporus of big sleeve, very high concentricity is arranged.
The big flange plate external diameter of rear bearing group, with the endoporus of big sleeve rear end, precision-fit reaches the location.Because of the external diameter of big flange plate on the rear bearing group, with the hole of dress bearing, also be under clamping, to machine, concentricity is very high.Aforementioned is a machining accuracy chain, guarantees the highi degree of accuracy that pump is installed at last, is applicable to high speed rotating.
Big sleeve is used the water pipe adapter that is cone that is threaded foremost.With the benefit that is threaded be: because of it with greatly between the sleeve endoporus, the requirement of no coaxality, thereby allowable being threaded; Because of split " the fast assembling-disassembling folder " of similar inlet tube that kind arranged between garden Taper Pipe joint and the output tube, borrow connecting hinge and bolt coupling mechanism force on the dismounting folder again, through ramp effect, the flange plate on tool inclined-plane is gone up in adapter before and after clamping.When unclamping lock bolt, promptly rotatable garden Taper Pipe joint makes that rubber seal compresses between sealing surface.That is to say: it is to complement one another that the outlet pipe joint screw thread connects with " fast assembling-disassembling folder ", in installing, must be able to rotate, and just reaches convenient and installs.
Usually, respectively adorn a playscript with stage directions pump about ship is interior, produce two strands of parallel jets.Turn off a pump (or turning to outer spray), balance loses, and ship can turn to, and saves steering wheel.This pump can be the most outstanding advantage with high speed and motor direct connection (stating screw pump preceding the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches individually up to 10000 rev/mins).This pump screw rod is good plastics, and light specific gravity, rotary inertia are little, are more suitable for ultra high speed.This pump rotational noise is extremely low, and integral installation is in hull again, and being highly advantageous to is used in the submarine class, and noise is had specific characteristics on the battleship that require, good concealment.This pump is compressible air also, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft, and its structure will be according to the characteristic of gas, and corresponding change slenderness ratio, compression ratio also should have platform fully in the ship.
Four, description of drawings
4.1 this pump overall structure is shown in accompanying drawing 1.(8) are big sleeve among the figure, are welded with fore poppet f, intake pipe g, the big flange plate a in back on it, and the sleeve front portion is welded with expansion tube e; Upside is welded with Butterworth Hatch b, pipe coupling c and d, and blank is through annealing in process machining then; Two endoporus that size is different in the sleeve are that a clamping is accomplished down, and coaxial (heart) degree is high; Be epochmaking reference for installation, promptly guarantee the installation precision of front and back bearings group.
4.2 the external form of rear bearing group is rounded, in many bearings (4) are arranged, be used to install transmission shaft (1), rear bearing group housing (3) has big flange, with big flange a on the sleeve, the accurate location through interior step links up.There are bearing seal lid (5) and rubber oil sea in its inboard.There is back poppet (2) in its outside.Because it is to process in a clamping that the hole and the flange step of bearing pack (4) are installed, concentricity is high, guarantees that axle has very high installation smart, is fit to high speed rotating.
4.3 many bearings (12) are arranged in the fore bearing group; Be used to install transmission shaft (1), fore bearing group housing (11) is rounded, and its maximum outside diameter embeds the endoporus location that the sleeve front portion is welded with expansion tube e; Its central bore is used to place bearing; Its interior edge face is furnished with bearing cap (10), is used for anti-hydropexis rubber seal, and its front end is the sphere integral sealing.Because its maximum outside diameter and bearing hole are a clamping processing down, concentricity is high, guarantees that fore bearing supports driven off by shaft highi degree of accuracy.Cartridge housing hollows out outward, only stays several muscle, and the stream that supplies water passes through, and resistance is little.
4.4 transmission shaft (1) just can be installed the screw rod (9) of axial-flow pump impeller (7) and screw pump by accurate, the reliable supporting of front and back bearings group the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches on the axle, mix key.The endoporus of axial-flow pump impeller is greater than the screw rod endoporus of screw pump, convenient disassembly.Because, in the test, make the pump impeller of many different parameters, repetition test, dismounting must be quick.Product export will be given several pump impeller easily damaged partss more.The screw rod of screw pump is a novel plastic, and whole car becomes, and endoporus is joined axle, but also multiple thread of single head.Address design and flow matches preceding the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, no longer repeats here.
4.5 said structure can get into assembling the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, method is: two dress.Outside sleeve, the back is installed earlier, comprise the screw rod of complete rear bearing assembly, axial-flow pump impeller, screw pump, only top a grade of cooperating with fore bearing is empty, and whole then the immigration within the sleeve endoporus loaded onto big flange joint bolt.And then, with the fore bearing assembly of the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches through assembling, move into axle head neutral gear place, maximum outside diameter embeds in the anterior endoporus of sleeve.Obviously, so inside and outside assembling simultaneously, successful precondition is that relevant counterpart concentricity wants height, precision good, the tolerance numerical value of cooperation can not tension.In a word, certain degree of difficulty is arranged.Back poppet (2) is inserted in the rear bearing package shell, tightens with screw.Pump integral body obtains reliable supporting.
4.6 after accomplishing above-mentioned " two dress ", detect and preliminary operation, and then, the rubber seal of centre is compressed the screwed of coniform outlet connection (13), water-tight.At last, intake pipe (17) outlet pipe (15) is connected.Two pipe locking methods are identical, all are to borrow semi-ring and inclined-plane, and the inclined-plane on the link is clamped.
4.7 the sleeve upside also has loam cake (6), is used for cleaning, and uses semi-ring and inclined-plane equally, and the inclined-plane on the link is clamped.Weldment c is used for connecting " moisture trap ", denier air contained in the water is got rid of the destruction of anti-cavitation erosion.Weldment d is used to connect pressure gauge and plays the overflow effect, and through " mechatronics ", the rotating speed of control pump, flow, pressure feed back to motor with data.Certainly also can establish the interface of measurement of rate of flow appearance etc. on the sleeve, reach automation control.
Shown in the accompanying drawing 2, be the schematic representation that supplies independent screw pump to use.Promptly remove the impeller of axial-flow pump, and made the screw rod lengthening of screw pump simultaneously, directly extended the top of water intake, promptly constituted independent screw pump.This screw rod is big helical pitch, bull, and among the full stand of thread L3, the spiral shell root of L2 is from depth to shallow, is used for the water supercharging, and the degree of depth of spiral shell root before this, the dark starting point behind the screw thread that extends to such as is.Water receives the propelling in dark district such as the big helical pitch screw rod of bull, gets into then within the sleeve, the propelling and the compression of the screw thread that receives to shoal gradually, and its principle is similar with " axial-flow pump+screw pump ".Bull but, very big pitch does not wait again deeply, and mechanical processing difficulty is big, and factory has any problem to common mechanical.In addition, remove screw rod shown in Figure 1, independent axial-flow pump, and make the wheel blade width of axial-flow pump broaden, flatten simultaneously, promptly elongate the impeller of axial-flow pump.This wide impeller, the time lengthening that current are advanced promptly gives water bigger kinetic energy, is the good mutation of marine propeller, also can not obtain big fltting speed even rotating speed is high.Can from Fig. 1, remove screw rod and get final product because of its figure, needn't repeat to draw.Reserve very big space after the dismounting, can supply to install wide impeller and use.The design of relevant wide wheel blade designs and calculates with reference to " braking torque theory and wing theory ".
Five, embodiment
Two kinds of different pump optimum organizations should be known the secondary from the primary in the enforcement, and screw pump is main, and axial-flow pump is inferior, and promptly the running parameter of screw pump will determine this pump characteristics parameter, as: flow, pressure, power, efficient etc.; And axial-flow pump is only required that flow is a bit larger tham screw pump about 10%, and make water obtain initial kinetic energy and get final product, not overcritical to pressure.Because screw pump has enough abilities to come supercharging.Just be not difficult to have implemented after establishing this dominant ideas.
The present combines accompanying drawing 1, and the screw pump pump testing is confirmed parameter: screw thread is selected single head for use, major diameter of thread D
3=160mm, lead of screw thread n=80mm, the wide m=8mm of spiral shell rib, the effective active length L of screw thread
2=`200mm, screw thread ingress root footpath d=65mm, threaded outlet place root footpath d
2=85mm can obtain thread root angle of inclination beta=3 degree.Can obtain this screw compression than about 1.15 according to these parameters, the screw rod of promptly flowing through, water volume receives strong compression, and pressure rises strongly, and is less demanding to hydraulic pressure, and compression ratio can reduce, and is favourable energy-conservation.The volume V 1=1208cm of screw rod first segment
3, when revolution speed is under 1500 rev/mins, theoretical delivery Q=1.8 cubic meter/minute.The present establishes axial-flow pump and can increase 30% screw pump inhalation flow, then theoretical delivery Qa=1.8 * 1.3=2.34 cubic meter/minute, the present get 2.2 cubic metres/be divided in fact and can reach.It is 5 kg/cm that the present is established pressure, under 1500 rev/mins, and pump theoretical power (horse-power) N=10PQ/60 * 75=10 * 5 * 2.2 * 1000/60 * 75=25 horsepower.When rotating speed rises to 3000 rev/mins, the horsepower that Ying Peigeng is big, about 4.4 cubic metres/minute of flow.
Modern import caliber D1=120mm, outlet caliber D
4=100mm, tube section S
4=78.5cm
2, when pressure is 5 kg/cm, the thrust F=425 kilogram that spout can produce.In the ship as about respectively adorn one, common property is given birth to 850 kilograms of thrusts.Press the U.S side and consider various factors, propose thrust weight ratio and got 1: 5, then this small-scale test pump is two, can be contained in lab scale on nearly 4 tons of ships.Provide according to another Zhao Zhijia, cruise thrust weight ratio 1: 4 of fighter, the present be used for ship get 1: 5 whether excessive?
The present is estimated the speed of a ship or plane again: obtain the flow velocity of mouthful jet pipe earlier, suppose that jet pipe no longer shrinks bore, improves exit velocity.S
4=78.5cm
2=0.00785m
2, flow Qa=2.2 cubic meter/minute=0.037 cube of meter per second, V=Qa/S4=0.037/0.00785=4.7 meter per second=282 meter/minute=17 kilometers/time.Show that the speed of a ship or plane is low, should borrow injection pipe to shrink and improve the speed of a ship or plane.Suppose that spout is contracted to then S4=50.24cm 2=0.005m of ￠ 80mm.
2, V=Qa/S4=0.037/0.005=7.4 meter per second=444 meter/minute=26.6 kilometers/time.At this moment the speed of a ship or plane is under 1500 rev/mins, to try to achieve, and when revolution speed rises to 3000 rev/mins, the speed of a ship or plane reaches 30 joints.Certainly the speed of a ship or plane faster, revolution speed will be higher, and this pump can adapt to ultra high speed fortunately.State preceding the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, presses the introduction of books data, and indivedual screw pump rotating speeds are up to 10000 rev/mins.This will rely on pump structure appropriate design and technology capability good, and makes the screw rod of axial-flow pump impeller and screw pump with lightweight, excellent material.Because of the screw rod of this pump is to use high performance plastics; Proportion 1.15 is one of 1/6.8 of steel only; Rotary inertia is not very big down at a high speed, carries out dynamic balance calibration after the assembling again, thereby very is fit to the rotation of high speed and ultra high speed; Expect can with U.S.'s high speed engine (it is introduced) direct connection up to 6000 rev/mins, to improve each item performance index of pump.
Comprehensive aforementioned, the innovative design of endeavouring structure above removing is fit to outside the high speed this pump structure extremely simply again, and material selection is also very crucial.High-speed craft requires to alleviate deadweight, and upper hull adopts the corrosion resistance aluminum alloy, has only the high hydrofoil of requirement of strength, lower body and lamellar body just to select stainless steel for use, thereby to the requirement that same strictness is also arranged of selecting for use of this material pump.In addition, it is also very crucial to reduce noise, uses the high performance plastics screw rod because of this pump self, does not have big noise source, can replace and on submarine, adopt " Da Ye of low noise is propeller cavitation at a slow speed " abroad.In the design of this pump structure, do not receive the restriction of virtually any size, can produce huge big pump; Mix horsepower high speed engines up to ten thousand and supply large ship to use, borrow the efficient of displacement pump, comparable vortex class pump exceeds one times huge advantage; Be able to give full play to, reach significantly energy-conservation.Adopt this pump and high speed engine (being up to 6000 rev/mins) direct connection, than former employing slow spin oar (the highest be no more than 300 rev/mins), exceed 20 times more than, can save speed reducer or the like, not only favourable lightweight improves the speed of a ship or plane, and cost also certainly will significantly reduce.The high-speed craft hydraulic jet propulsion can stepless change, stay boat and fall boat, even can cast, uses the two sprays of two-shipper usually, saves steering wheel, equals to " helicopter in the water ", is suitable for military use.
This pump belongs to displacement pump, can be used for air compression, is Hovercraft, supplies with source of the gas.At this moment the slenderness ratio of screw rod can strengthen, the compression of favourable gas.After source of the gas output, store through holding vessel earlier, jar is provided with pressure regulator valve, guarantees with steady pressure, supply to form hull bottom large size air cushion often, replenish timely, the occupant just feels seaworthiness.More have holding vessel to intake, hull certainly will omit dive (hull before and after want balance sink), and still hydraulic jet propulsion of ship at this moment is used for military affairs, can bring into play this pump better, more superiority.Pump by aforementioned data is being made, and all be unable to do without test!
Want further to improve again the speed of a ship or plane, reach the ultra high speed ship, by no means easy, be the focus of each developed country's competition of the world, belong to one of strategic new industry! Science superstar's Qian Xuesen is said: " see from thought angle, research-on-research always since one the guess, be only scientific appraisal then.In other words, research-on-research comes from thinking in images, finally logical thinking." I just with being engaged in the screw extruder of using in the design of synthetic fiber equipment, production and the food production for a long time myself; inter-trade introduction water jet pump peculiar to vessel; add the axial-flow pump that extremely extensively adopts external the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches; optimum organization reaches this innovation, wherein many hydraulicss are theoretical to be difficult to get on to seek from ready-made books, thereby I can only make many assumed condition." since one the guess, be only scientific appraisal then ", cast a brick to attract jade!
Because of this pump structure is fit to extremely simply again at a high speed, not hope to belong to be limited to the marine pump water jetting apparatus, also can also can obtain to use in the occasion of other all multipurposepumps, reach efficiently generally energy-conservation.
The title of each part shown in the accompanying drawing 1 and 2: (1) transmission shaft; (2) rear branching holder; (3) rear bearing group housing; (4) rear bearing group; (5) rear bearing sealing cover and oil sealing; (6) cover assembly is used in cleaning; (7) axial-flow pump impeller and key; (8) sleeve; (9) screw rod of screw pump and key; (10) front bearing retainer and rubber seal; (11) preceding solid bearing shell connects big outer ring and runner; (12) fore bearing group; (13) coniform outlet connection; (14) hinged semi-ring miter joint clamp assembly; (15) externally connected pipe; (16) filter screen; (17) intake pipe; (18) hinged semi-ring miter joint clamp assembly.Diagram axial-flow pump leaf and screw rod all are the dextrorotation spiral shell, but left-handed inspiration water.Among the figure power of axial-flow pump and screw pump is decomposed, draw corresponding coordinate.Can know that from the A-A section (11) preceding solid bearing shell connects big outer ring, has only several muscle in fluid, and its d
3Be slightly less than d
2, promptly can not cause excessive resistance.
Shown in the accompanying drawing 2, be to remove axial-flow pump impeller with the difference of structure shown in the accompanying drawing 1, make the screw rod (9) of bull large screw pitch into, screw thread extends the upside of water intake, can more effectively utilize space limited in the pump, is used for the air compressor screw rod and also will extends forward.
Claims (1)
1. the present invention relates to: a kind of structure of efficient axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel is provided, is used for Modern High-Speed ship pump hydraulic jet propulsion, reach the high speed of a ship or plane, energy-conservation, easy manufacturing, very big abbreviation ship inner driving system, reduce investment; Pump also can be used for air compressor, the source of the gas under the supply Hovercraft, and its major technique is characterised in that: a, whole pump external form are cylindric; The big sleeve of horizontal arrangement is the assembly of pump; The tube downside has support and intake pipe, and the tube rear side has big flange plate, is used to connect the rear bearing assembly that transmission is used; The tube front side is through big crossette, built-in fore bearing assembly and conical titting water outlet; In b, the big sleeve overhanging transmission shaft is arranged, it passes the rear bearing assembly, obtains back supporting and sealing; Its front end passes the fore bearing assembly, obtains supporting and sealing; C, on transmission shaft, be provided with and be close to the axial-flow pump impeller of shaft drive and the screw rod of screw pump, both external diameters and sleeve endoporus are accurate movingly; Under the driving of power, vertically, obtain initial kinetic energy through axial-flow pump impeller earlier from the hull bottom suction; Deliver to screw pump then, powerful again supercharging constitutes " axial-flow pump+helical rotor pump "; The level ejection supplies the navigation of height speed; D, also can supply independent screw pump to use, promptly remove the impeller of axial-flow pump, and utilize the space above the Pump Suction Nozzle simultaneously, make the screw rod lengthening, water thereby obtain initial kinetic energy improves the effect of pump; E, also dismountable screw rod, and the wheel blade of axial-flow pump is broadened, flatten, promptly elongate the impeller of axial-flow pump, become novel built-in propeller cavitation efficiently; F, its screw rod major technique characteristic: single screw rod, single head or bull are borrowed and wait large screw pitch, and the degree of depth of screw thread shoals gradually and reaches supercharging; Not equidistance supercharging deeply such as also available grade makes the volume of inlet side, is a bit larger tham the volume of outlet side, and water receives the propelling of screw thread rotation, volume compression and supercharging, at a high speed and obtain big flow, big promotion energy under the ultra high speed; G, this pump belong to displacement pump, and be energy-efficient, the tool suction capacity, ship departure is fast, when about two sprays be provided with, mobility is good, can save steering wheel; This pump can be used for air compressor, is Hovercraft, supplies with source of the gas, and the slenderness ratio of screw rod, compression ratio should strengthen, and are beneficial to supercharging; H, more have and can change on the air pump air supply pipe, the purposes of gas holder is intake, and makes the ship dive, the hidden benefit of advancing of still spraying water; I, this pump are that optimal design provides variable element to have: variation, the slenderness ratio of screw rod and the variation of compression ratio of sleeve screw diameter size; A number of screw thread and the variation of helical pitch; The variation of anterior angle and relief angle on spiral shell rib thickness and the thread cross-section all will directly influence the transportation performance of screw rod; In addition, the wheel blade of axial-flow pump is broadened, flatten, promptly elongate the impeller of axial-flow pump; Become novel built-in high-performance airscrew, can be by braking torque theory and wing theory, optimal design is discussed in two aspects; For example change the tool face angle of blade; Change the density of section grid, the width of change blade element and the width of cloth all influence theoretical head to length; J, this pump external dimension and match power do not receive any restriction, can be made into huge pump, match with the large-tonnage ship; The difference traditional propeller, must be in ship on-the-spot the installation, this pump is as long as whole pump lifting connects the turnover pipe and gets final product; K, because of in this pump sleeve, have only axle and impeller, plastic screw, weight is lighter, meets the theory of high-speed craft light-weight design; Part is few, is not difficult again to make, and cost is low.
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| CN200910258712.2A CN102486169B (en) | 2009-12-12 | 2009-12-12 | High-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump for ship |
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| CN200910258712.2A CN102486169B (en) | 2009-12-12 | 2009-12-12 | High-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump for ship |
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| CN102486169B CN102486169B (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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| CN103671007A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 黄山工业泵制造有限公司 | Displacement centrifugal pump |
| CN103950528A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-07-30 | 湖北三江船艇科技有限公司 | Axial-flow type water-jet propulsion pump |
| CN104806468A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-29 | 北京航科发动机控制***科技有限公司 | Coaxial integral high-and-low-pressure pump and processing method thereof |
| WO2015172371A1 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | 广州华力新能源发展有限公司 | Single-screw pump and wind water-pumping system using single-screw pump |
| CN106014975A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏大学 | Cantilever type double-screw water-jet propulsion pump |
| CN107100836A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of Unitary Impeller is pressurized three screw pump |
| CN109969367A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-05 | 汪一平 | Spindle axis vortex vane type vector propulsion device peculiar to vessel |
| CN112278215A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-29 | 北京蔚蓝集智科技有限公司 | Water jet propulsion device and water jet propulsion method and application thereof |
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| CN109969367A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-05 | 汪一平 | Spindle axis vortex vane type vector propulsion device peculiar to vessel |
| CN109969367B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2024-04-05 | 汪一平 | Spindle shaft vortex vane type vector propulsion device for ship |
| CN112278215A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-29 | 北京蔚蓝集智科技有限公司 | Water jet propulsion device and water jet propulsion method and application thereof |
| CN112278215B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-08-22 | 北京蔚蓝集智科技有限公司 | Water spraying propulsion device and water spraying propulsion method and application thereof |
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