CN102486122A - Crankless unsymmetrical piston type aircraft engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a crankless unsymmetrical piston type aircraft engine which is an engine with cylinder bodies of which the shapes of the left and right parts are unsymmetrical and are mutually complementary. When taking the circular motion, pistons take the linear motion in the left and right cylinder bodies along the direction which is parallel to the axis. The crankless unsymmetrical piston type aircraft engine is a two-stroke engine which simultaneously works in front of and behind the operation directions of the pistons without adopting a ventilation mechanism. The crankless unsymmetrical piston type aircraft engine is not provided with a crank, the pistons are shared by the left and right cylinder bodies and factors of an inlet valve, an exhaust valve and the like are abandoned, so that the crankless unsymmetrical piston type aircraft engine has the various advantages of great energy saving, high power per liter, large specific power and the like. Particularly, due to large power, low rotation speed and low noise of the crankless unsymmetrical piston type aircraft engine, the crankless unsymmetrical piston type aircraft engine has wide application prospect on a helicopter, a submarine and a large-scale subsonic propeller-driven aircraft.

Description

The asymmetric piston aviation engine of no bent axle

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of motor.It relates to that a kind of not have the bent axle number of pistons be the half the asymmetric two-cycle engine of cylinder body sum in particular.It will be that a kind of weight/power ratio is little, and specific power is big, and power per liter is high, and energy-efficient performance is excellent, the better piston aviation engine of Safety performance.

Background technique

Reciprocating-piston engine was once brought into play significant role at aviation field.Yet with development of aviation, the significantly raising of the speed of a ship or plane, the little weight of its power is big, the birth of jet engine in addition, it has withdrawed from aerial this arena of history.But people but never stop the research and development of Crankless piston motor.Succeeding in developing of the sub-motor of national non-crankshaft rotary that skills such as Japan U.S. wood is advanced; More inspired people's confidence.The Wang Xiyang of Aviation Engineering Institutes Of Nanchang professor in 112 pages of work aviation outline one book like this description ' succeeding in developing of this engine is rotary piston engine.Be applied to the prospect of having started on helicopter and the baby plane ' but rotary engine adopts is the patent of invention of German Wang Geer.The principle that it produces rotation is a kind of eccentric stiffener, and the energy consumption that this mechanism causes shortcoming high, that pollution is heavy can't overcome.Therefore for many years; , aviation field do not make a breakthrough on using.

Summary of the invention

The present invention researches and develops on the basis of the ZL200610112003X that obtains invention patent mandate.The principle that it produces rotation is the more rational lever principle of similar two formulas of turning a millstone.It is that a kind of piston is when rotating, and edge direction in the cylinder body of left and right sides shape complementarity the moving linearly parallel with axis; The two-cycle engine apneustic, that ventilation mechanism is not set.

Concrete summary of the invention: 1, about the circular cylinder cap arranged.2, cylinder cap is provided with the fan-shaped cylinder body in bent limit of left and right sides shape complementarity.Respectively be to be not less than 4 even number about its quantity.3, grease channel is arranged in the middle of being fixed on the main shaft; A pair of circular seal plate.It is used for respectively sealing and separate about each cylinder body of part.4, about sealing plate on the wedge shape cell body that supplies wedge plungers to use at the cylinder body moving linearly of complementation is set.5, on position between two cylinders on the cylinder cap of the left and right sides, also be provided with the cell body of install combustion chamber body; In cell body, also be provided with gas-entered passageway and exhaust passage.6, the firing chamber body that equates with cylinder body quantity is installed in the cell body of left and right sides cylinder cap.7, the firing chamber body can slightly be swung.Accomplished through the swinging direction of the gas from the piston to run after the forward running direction of the piston revolutions? Conversion but also to achieve timely progress through the swing, the vent cover closed and open; to achieve a compression cylinder, sealing and aspirated the exhaust stroke of each task.8, the slightly swing in good time that the pair of cams dish is used for driving the firing chamber also is housed on main shaft.The shape of cam should guarantee that the firing chamber body moves below accomplishing; If piston is just carrying out the work of work done, compression stroke in cylinder body; Then the firing chamber body before the piston traffic direction is in position of rest under the effect of return spring.Combustion chamber openings is towards the piston traffic direction; Be in the state of accepting pressurized gas.When piston is near completion the task of work done, compression stroke; The opening that the combustion chamber body should make the combustion chamber at low-angle of promotion lower swing of cam is towards seal area; Get into second than Duan De quiescence; Will accomplish following work this period; Spray into fuel oil, igniting, flame transmission and fully burning.When next cylinder body of piston entering reaches the upper end of pressurized gas outlet; Cam should promote the firing chamber and swing forward, discharges high temperature and high pressure gas and promotes the piston work done.In the latter stage of expansion space stroke; Cam profile should guarantee that the firing chamber resets under the return spring effect; Be in and accept the pressurized gas position.Begin next periodic duty.9, about body is set between the circular cylinder cap arranged.

Foregoing has constituted the present invention: the asymmetric piston aviation engine of no bent axle.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1, energy-saving effect is excellent

So-called energy-conservation being meant comparatively speaking.So we analyze the status of energy consumption of existing rotary engine and traditional Reciprocating engine earlier.

We do not have a lot of data rotary engine; Accompanying drawing 3 is my free-body diagrams from the triangle offset piston of the 108th page of extracts of aviation outline one book; If the sense of rotation that does not mark in the view among the figure; Be sense of rotation that be difficult to judge it because this moment piston eccentric both sides almost receive the effect of equal-sized positive and negative moment.And cause the negative moment of energy loss; The overall process that is present in work done that differs in size.The energy loss that causes of this negative moment is very big so.Cause its energy consumption shortcoming high, that pollution is heavy to overcome.

This is likely that also rotary engine succeeds in developing for many years; The reason of failing to apply.

So traditional Reciprocating engine energy consumption what state? We can be with representing that energy utilizes the indicator diagram of situation to analyze explanation; By simple and clear we the Liu Zheng of Tsing-Hua University, king build listen professor Fig. 3--the theoretical indicator card of 3 (a) of 39 pages of work motor car engine principle study course one books; Accompanying drawing 4 as us is explained; The area of figure intermediate cam shape arc is the amount that compression stroke fuel is made negative work; The area of similar big triangle arzb is the amount of power stroke fuel oil institute positive work.And the useful work of output has only the amount of the area representative of similar trapezoidal aczb.Obviously the useful work of output and fuel oil have very big-difference at whole energy that a circulation is transformed; Analyze qualitatively: the energy loss that negative work causes should be the area of twice triangle arc.

Negative work causes oil plant wave amount not in limited data, not find.But we grind burn from Tsing-Hua University's vapour and with discharging laboratory Mr. Bai the accompanying drawing 5 of measured indicator diagram as us are provided; The measured indicator diagram that director He Zhaoxin of Chaoyang Diesel Engine Factory provides is as our accompanying drawing 6.Actual measuring and calculating shows that their negative work loss is respectively 37% and 43%.We are the negative work estimated amount of damage of Reciprocating engine 40% to be reliable.Traditional in other words Reciprocating engine energy waste is up to 40%..This viewpoint is exaggerative like some; But my deliberation repeatedly, if the area of indicator card represents merit pretty good, our conclusion is exactly correct reliable.

Then our invention can avoid negative work program, reduce waste, a substantial saving it? Which we will be described with the reference 2, the piston 5 seen from the figure, and the piston 7, the running direction of the compression stroke before the work is completed; being a compression stroke? Drive is not firing, so there is a reciprocating engine because There must be ignition advance angle, leading to the ignition temperature and high pressure gas on the piston counterproductive (negative work the main part); solutions to our invention ignition moment occurred compression stroke of the piston to complete the task of gas into the sealed off area and After contact occurs; disengagement of course, will not have negative work which avoids most of the negative work; that small portion of negative work required for compression is transferred to the combustion chamber; ignition and high-temperature high-pressure gas from the running direction of the piston live after positive work.Thereby avoided the energy loss waste of Reciprocating engine 40%.

This just can conclusion: because our invention scenario-frame is optimized, energy-conservation 40% is fully possible.Drop into certain manpower and materials and develop once receive the attention of country.If successful development; The significantly energy-conservation fact will be made huge contribution to the country and even the whole mankind.

2, power per liter is high

The four-stroke that our invention scheme changes Reciprocating engine is two strokes; It is sure that power per liter is doubled.Because we invent two strokes of scheme and two strokes of existing reciprocating engine have the different of essence; Our invention scheme is to have discarded the bigger ventilation mechanism of fuel loss; The forward and backward formation of working simultaneously of piston traffic direction; Thereby realized that people significantly improve the dream of power per liter.Also be National Development and Reform Commission, propose one of technological innovation task for this year the motor industry.

3, specific power is high

Specific power is one of important indicator of motor; Our invention is still having only the conceptual level; There is not material object.When the specific power of talking it is too early.But we can use Japan USA and other technologically advanced countries to develop early indicator of the success of the rotary engine to compare, explain; Nanchang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Professor Wang Xiyang Introduction to a book written by aviation, said the U.S. 112 Curtiss Wright (Curtiss · Wright) 1456KW company successfully developed a multi-fuel engine rotary piston engine ----- total weight 362Kg, than the weight of 0.88Kg/KW (actually should 362Kg/1456KW = 0.25Kg/KW.Do not know how to take place than big-difference.)

Being converted into specific power is that 1.14 (1456/362=4) teach in the vehicular engine performance parameter table of the 10th page of different purposes of a book with the motor car engine principle: load-carrying vehicle is with the weight/power ratio 6 ~ 3 of Reciprocating engine, and (being converted to specific power is 0.17 ~ 0.33) improves a lot.Our invention scheme and rotary engine contrast: be that to change four-stroke-cycle be two strokes that do not have gas exchange loss; Specific power has bigger raising also reasonable.

4, weight/power ratio is little

Weight/power ratio and specific power are reciprocal each other; As if need not put aside.But the present invention program still has necessity of envelope opinion because of the special property of structure; The rotary engine weight/power ratio of aforementioned U.S. exploitation is 0.88Kg/KW.Rotary engine is characterized by a single fixed cylinder; can not be reduced or Increase.It is immutable that working method is fixed as four-stroke.Our invention scheme is then different; Body in the middle of left and right sides cylinder cap is used jointly; The shared one group of piston of left and right sides cylinder body; The reduction that will be directed at gross weight reduces weight/power ratio.We estimate that it is possible that the working method because of common components and two strokes makes weight/power ratio drop to 0.4Kg/KW from 0.88Kg/KW.The power-weight ratio of the MTR390 h type engine h in this index and aviation outline one book 156 page tables 4.8 the 4th generation turboaxle motor typical case's type and the major parameter table be 5.49KW/Kg (being converted to weight/power ratio is 0.18KG/KW) compare also only double about.In addition our scheme remains the factor that other reduce weight/power ratio.

5, it is simply easy to increase output power

Our invention scheme is the periphery setting of cylinder body along circular body; Need only increase the diameter of body; The cylinder number just increases sharply; Suppose about body enlarged diameter to 1.2 meter then ten cylinders to be set respectively; The main shaft three-sixth turn.Ten pistons order is a number of pistons square through 20 cylinder work done number of times.Promptly 100 times.Output power high, thrust is big well imagines.

6,, noise is low

The present invention program changes that bent axle is arranged is no bent axle, and the reciprocating motion that changes piston is a circular motion, and it is very natural that noise significantly reduces.More valve is arranged is that no valve noise can further descend because of changing.

7, lower rotating speed

From the vehicular engine performance parameter table of 10 pages of different purposes of motor car engine principle study course one book, know; The mean velocity of piston operation is relatively fixing, greatly about 9 ~ 16m/S.Our invention scheme piston and cylinder body are shared.The logical in proper order whole cylinder bodies of each piston; Piston operation needed time significantly increases so body enlarged diameter main shaft circles; Rotating speed descends rapidly.Rotating speed can be reduced to per minute 300 right side of turning left if our gross estimates body external diameter reaches about 1.2 meters.

8, easy exploitation simple in structure

We explain the difficulty or ease of exploitation from following several sides; First Crankless engine is though abroad succeed in developing for many years already. and it and wes' scheme has the different similar part of essence quite a few, such as the profile of circle; The cylinder body of distortion circle; The existing similarity of flat structure or the like has the development approach that can use for reference certainly. and the second, component are few; If this programme is disregarded subsidiary engine; Main frame has only several parts to want a lot of easily from the Design and Machining angle certainly. and the 3rd sees with rotor from processing technology and to start contrast; There is not specific (special) requirements yet. oneself more is not a difficult matter through today of digitizing sequencing at lathe.

9, the applied range military significance is big

Because aforesaid many beneficial effects are arranged, just talkative it will have broad application area.

First, look at it in the possibility of applying a helicopter: helicopter rotor speed due to over? Slow jet engine is not very applicable; such as aviation Introduction to a book page 121 in this narrative: free turbine shaft speed and rotor speeds vary greatly.At this following transmitted power special retarder assembly to be arranged; The helicopter main reducing gear is used for this purpose, and this annex is independently, excludes engine structure, and velocity ratio is 20: 1 to 50: 1.Engine power improves the increase that will correspondingly cause retarder assembly weight, and therefore reforming the retarder assembly is an important channel of improving engine performance.Innovation retarder assembly is all very important; Is not it more important discarding deceleration so? We prove from the angle of output power again; It is reported that the take-off weight of helicopter roughly is about 250KW per ton; U.S. John Deere & Co. has gone out the rotary piston engine of 2140KW with the no bent axle solution development that has only three cylinders; Under the situation of not considering discharge capacity, only changing four-stroke is that two strokes just can make output power reach more than the 4000KW.If the unit enlarged diameter is increased to 20 to 1.2m cylinder number.It is not difficult that output power reaches 10000KW yet.Consider measures such as two-shipper series connection again; Solving China does not have the present situation of large-scale helicopter should be not difficult yet.

See possibility of its application on large-scale subsonic speed propeller driven airplane and then; If developing large-scale flying, China can on motor, all use independent intellectual property right; Meaning is very great.Our scheme of the invention without crankshaft asymmetric piston aircraft engine can make offerings for the cause it? This is from the weight and power to measure both Mian.We are disregarding under the situation of decelerator in gross estimates as previously mentioned, with the 4th generation jet engine weight/power ratio very nearly the same.On the importance that has or not of relevant decelerator; Aviation outline one book is narrated at 118 pages like this: in turboprop; For making turbine, compressor rotor and propeller shaft, can both under optimum speed, cooperating in harmony; Palpus employing gearratio is 5: 1 ~ 15: 1 a decelerator, thereby the complex structure of power set, and weight increases.The mode of our the then available change body of invention scheme diameter changes spindle speed; To adapt to the needs of propeller cavitation.Method with the multimachine series connection increases power, to adapt to the requirement of big aircraft.Changing the technology control of foreign country to us, is possible.

The 3rd, in the application on the submarine, because we do not have corresponding data still can not affirm.But on high-power, be out of question certainly as previously mentioned.In that I estimate that its paddle moves on the rotating speed in water; Can not at a high speed yet.So our invention scheme is in big marine certain future that also has.As on submarine, using because it has noise low, with different noise spectrums; And be more suitable for the needs of counterreconnaissance.If three noted earlier are used establishment, its great military meaning has just known better so.Because in the current high-tech case, if there are a lot of helicopters armed forces; attacks on the military, on the transfer of personnel and equipment, military reconnaissance party Mian, has unparalleled unprecedented significance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: the asymmetric piston aviation engine schematic representation of no bent axle

Fig. 2: the unfolded drawing of doing to analyse and observe along Fig. 1 circumferencial direction A----A

Fig. 3: rotary engine triangle piston free-body diagram

Fig. 4: Reciprocating engine theoretical circulation indicator diagram

Fig. 5: Tsing-Hua University's vapour grind measured indicator diagram

Fig. 6: the measured indicator diagram of Chaoyang Diesel Engine Factory

Figure 7: Figure 1 is a radial cross-sectional diagram Mian

Fig. 8: cam disk cam curve unfolded drawing

The following meaning of digitized representation in each accompanying drawing.

1. left cylinder cap

2. right cylinder cap

3. left cylinder

4. right cylinder body

5. one of piston

6. two of piston

7. three of piston

8. four of piston

9. left sealing plate

10. right sealing plate

11. firing chamber groove

12. firing chamber body

13. firing chamber

14. gas-entered passageway

15. exhaust passage

16. exhaust port

17. inlet hole

18. main shaft

19. drive the cam disk of firing chamber swing

20. body

21. main shaft end cap

Embodiment

We suppose that piston rotates along the direction of arrow indication in Fig. 2.From Fig. 2 we find out one of piston 5 and piston three 7, traffic direction after the effect of the high temperature and high pressure gas that is being subjected to from combustion chamber 13, to gush out, along arrow direction; And generation moving circular seal plate 9 and 10 together and main axis rotation; Accomplish the task of power stroke; Before the piston traffic direction last piston inhaled air is compressed; Be pressed in the combustion chamber of front.Accomplish the task of compression stroke.Meanwhile three of piston 6 with piston four 8 before the piston traffic direction, just discharging the waste gas that last circulation produces.Then suck fresh air behind the piston traffic direction and supply the usefulness of the compression of living on the followed.We find out the right side cylinder body from Fig. 2, and all piston all is in the seal area; We can also find out that piston 5 and 7 will get into air-breathing and the exhaust work stroke from figure; And work 6 and 8 will get into work done and compression work stroke; Working method and in full accord when the left side; The work that so goes round and begins again is through the main shaft output kinetic energy.Accomplish the work done task.

Claims (5)

1. asymmetric piston aviation engine of no bent axle, this motor comprises circular body, left cylinder cap, right cylinder cap, piston, circular seal plate, firing chamber body and cam disk; On the cylinder cap of the left and right sides, respectively be provided with complementation about shape, the fan-shaped cylinder body in asymmetric bent limit; The described two blocks of circular seal plates of this motor are that left and right sides cylinder cap is used, and form the cylinder body seal area with cylinder cap; With each cylinder body of separation.The cam plate is disposed within the engine cam profile curve shall be such that the compressed gas after the combustion chamber to accept the sealing zone swing time; in the sealing region still has sufficient time to complete the injection, ignition and flame propagation time .

This in-engine said circular seal plate, it is provided with wedge slot, supplies piston moving linearly in the cylinder body of the left and right sides to use.

Said piston also is through seal area edge and parallel axes direction moving linearly in the cylinder body of the left and right sides when making circular movement along peripheral cylinder body; Said firing chamber body is arranged between the two adjacent cylinder, and can do small size swing; Said firing chamber body is provided with the firing chamber, gas-entered passageway and exhaust passage; Described firing chamber body is also accomplished in good time covering of inlet and outlet hole is closed and opened when slightly swinging; Said cylinder body is the even number greater than even number 4; Said piston is the half the of said cylinder body sum; This motor does not have connecting rod and inlet and outlet door mechanism.

2. the asymmetric piston aviation engine of no bent axle according to claim 1 is characterized in that said piston is that left and right sides cylinder body is shared, and works simultaneously before the piston traffic direction with behind the traffic direction.

3. the asymmetric piston aviation engine of no bent axle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this motor is a kind of two-cycle engine that does not have ventilation mechanism.

4. the asymmetric piston aviation engine of no bent axle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said in-engine main axis rotation 360 degree, piston work done number of times be number of pistons square.

5. the asymmetric piston aviation engine of no bent axle according to claim 1 is characterized in that, a cam disk each side is set.The cam disk of every side is that whole firing chambers body of each side is shared.

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