CN102482850A - 提高纸和纸板制品的强度 - Google Patents

提高纸和纸板制品的强度 Download PDF

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CN102482850A
CN102482850A CN2010800221023A CN201080022102A CN102482850A CN 102482850 A CN102482850 A CN 102482850A CN 2010800221023 A CN2010800221023 A CN 2010800221023A CN 201080022102 A CN201080022102 A CN 201080022102A CN 102482850 A CN102482850 A CN 102482850A
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T·拉蒂南
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Abstract

本发明涉及抗张强度提高的纸或纸板制品，其包含纤维素纤维，一种或多种碳酸锆化合物和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维，以及涉及制备该制品的方法，其包括以下步骤：形成纤维素纤维和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的混合的水性悬浮液，将其压制成纸或纸板制品，或者将水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维和纤维素纤维的层压制成具有夹心结构的制品，干燥前通过用碳酸锆化合物的水溶液浸渍该制品的一个或多个表面或整个制品而用该溶液处理该制品。

Description

提高纸和纸板制品的强度
发明领域
本发明涉及包含纤维素纤维、碳酸锆化合物和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的纸或纸板制品，以及制备纸或纸板制品的方法。
背景技术
纸和纸板的机械强度与纤维网络的粘合程度有关。因此通常通过提高该粘合程度而试图提高纸和纸板制品的强度性能。例如这可以通过向纸或纸板纸浆中加入使纤维素纤维相互粘结的添加剂而实现。
已经使用锆化合物来某种程度上提高纸和纸板的强度，特别是纸涂层的湿抗张强度。该用途是基于所述锆化合物，其具有与纤维素纤维的OH基团和淀粉、可溶性聚乙烯醇和用作粘合剂的其它聚合物反应的能力，从而形成坚固的网络。
水溶性聚乙烯醇(PVA)有时用作粘合剂。然而其缺点也是已知的。可溶性的PVA具有高亲水性，从而导致水在制备纸或纸板的过程中渗入PVA纤维中，获得差的耐水性。已经采取措施用不溶性PVA来取代可溶性PVA，例如GB 1260 028，但是发现为了得到不溶性PVA、稳固的交联产品和所需的湿强度所用的合适的其他添加剂是成问题的。
水不溶性PVA已经广泛应用于建筑业，用来提高水泥基构件、可喷涂物料和建筑纸板的强度和韧性。典型的例子是纤维应用于抗震建筑中的混凝土铸件、桥梁、隧道的可喷涂物料中，以及用于建筑纸板中以取代现在由于健康原因而禁用的石棉绒。
不溶性PVA的作用是基于其显著的高抗张强度，及其在固化时，通过PVA纤维表面上的OH键与混凝土形成非常稳固的结合的能力。
已知改进纸或纸板制品的机械强度是有问题的，因为实现该改进的方法通常包括加入导致最终制品的其它性能劣化的助剂。而且，高浓度的添加剂可通过减弱纤维与纤维的键(fibre-to-fibre bonds)、纤维与粘合剂键而使得制品更脆。因此需要新的方法来改进这些产品的强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供与现有技术相比其性能改进的纸或纸板制品。
特别地，本发明的目的是提供与现有技术制品相比其抗张强度提高了的纸或纸板制品，该产品可以使用造纸厂的现有设备进行制备。
如以下内容和权利要求所述，本发明实现了这些以及其它目的，以及较已知产品和方法的优点。
本发明涉及包含纤维素纤维的纸或纸板制品，以及制备含纤维素的纸或纸板制品的方法。
更具体地，本发明的纸或纸板制品的特征在于权利要求1的特征部分所述。
而且，本发明的方法特征在于权利要求7的特征部分所述。
本发明具有很多的优点。因此本发明提供与已知类似产品相比其抗张强度提高了的纸或纸板制品。例如本发明使用不可溶聚乙烯醇纤维，能够得到纸或纸板制品，与例如使用聚丙烯纤维得到的强度相比，其抗张强度高出达到3-5倍。
接下来，本发明参照附图和详细说明来进一步描述。
附图简述
图1是本发明纤维素纤维、水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维和碳酸锆化合物之间形成的网状结构的图，纤维表示为直线或虚线，碳酸锆表示为其分子结构的形式。
图2是从根据本发明方法制备的纸带上撕扯下的单根纤维端部的显微图。
发明详述
本发明涉及包含纤维素纤维、一种或多种碳酸锆化合物和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的纸或纸板制品，以及制备纸或纸板制品的方法。
术语″纸或纸板制品″包括所有的含纤维状纤维素的预成形制品，例如纸、纸板和预成形的造纸纸浆。
根据本发明的优选实施例，该制品包含一种或多种其它的常规造纸化学品，选自涂料、粘合剂、填料、施胶剂、助留剂或其它造纸化学品。该其它的粘合剂例如可以是可溶性聚乙烯醇或淀粉，所述淀粉可以是任意改性或未改性的淀粉，优选阳离子淀粉，最优选所述淀粉衍生自大米、小麦、马铃薯、谷物或木薯。涂料可以是任何常规使用的涂料，例如聚合物涂料。填料可以是无机物填料，优选碳酸钙(例如沉淀碳酸钙)，高岭土，滑石粉，氧化铝，二氧化钛，无机硫酸盐或硅酸盐。助留剂可以是任意树脂或其它离子或聚合物助留剂。
本发明所用水不溶性聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维的纤维长度为2-10mm，优选4-8mm，最优选约5mm。它们通过其反应性官能团与纤维素纤维形成氢键而起作用，例如它们的OH基团，从而形成纤维素和聚乙烯醇纤维的交联网络。该网络通过加入碳酸锆化合物而被进一步加强。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)可以以各种形式存在，例如各种立体异构体的形式。这尤其在溶解性性能方面产生了差异。对于最通常形式的PVA，这里可溶性PVA，水是最常用的溶剂。该种形式的PVA尤其应用于水溶性膜中。因此此处所用术语″水不溶性聚乙烯醇″描述了与常用可溶性PVA相比，溶解性明显更差的PVA形式。
本发明中，碳酸锆化合物优选以浸渍入制品中的碳酸锆化合物的水溶液而存在于最终的纸或纸板制品中。碳酸锆化合物可以是碳酸锆铵(AZC)或碳酸锆钾(KZC)。它们是阴离子无机羟基化锆聚合物，通常以水基溶液存在，并应用于造纸涂料、漆和油墨配制剂，金属表面处理，粘合剂和催化剂中。
它们通过锆与例如自由羧基和羟基的反应而作为交联剂起作用。与更传统的(更老的)锆基交联剂相比，其中的一个优点是：40-70％的加入量通常就足以得到相同的交联强度。
所用碳酸锆的反应机理在于：当浸渍液干燥时，水分的损失导致碳酸锆分子变得对于官能团，例如羟基和羧基有反应性，于是形成了不可逆的共价键。温度升高能够使得该反应更有效。
制备纸或纸板制品所用的传统交联剂通常是其结构内包含至少两个可与纤维素分子的羟基基团发生反应的官能团的有机化合物。形成的交联稳固了纤维制品，使得产品在例如弯曲或其它方式变形后复原其初始形状的趋势增大。由交联纤维制备的纸或纸板制品通常具有增加了的厚度、亮度、光散射效率和不透明度，以及良好的强度。纸或纸板制品的保水性能也通过交联得到了提高。
任选地，除了碳酸锆化合物之外，还可以使用其它交联剂。它们可以是例如包含羧基的化合物，例如丁二酸，马来酸或柠檬酸。
本发明还涉及制备纸或纸板制品的方法，例如本发明的制品，该方法包括以下步骤：
—形成纤维素纤维和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的混合的水性悬浮液(aqueoussuspension)，用常规方式将其压制成纸或纸板制品，或者将聚乙烯醇纤维和纤维素纤维的层压制成具有夹心结构的制品，
—干燥前通过用碳酸锆化合物的水溶液浸渍该制品的一个或多个表面或整个制品而用该溶液处理该制品，
—干燥该处理过的制品。
该纤维素纤维和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的混合水性悬浮液，可以是通过将这些纤维混合入水中来直接形成，或者是通过首先形成纤维素纤维的水性悬浮液和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的水性悬浮液，然后将这些悬浮液混合，并将其形成混合的悬浮液而形成。
根据本发明的优选实施例，通过强力混合，例如使用高速旋转叶片搅拌器，形成纤维素纤维和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的实质均匀的悬浮液，并将其压制成具有实质均匀厚度的纸或纸板制品，然后纤维能够发生交联。
任选地使用的单独制备的纤维素纤维的水性悬浮液优选纤维含量为5-20g/l，最优选10-14g/l，而任选地使用的单独制备的水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的水性悬浮液优选纤维含量为3-10g/l，最优选5-7g/l。
本发明中所用碳酸锆分子是稳定的形式。由于它们是络合物，其浓度通常表示为氧化锆(ZrO2)的浓度。本发明中，该浓度优选1-25wt％，更优选3-15wt％，最优选3-10wt％的ZrO2。
根据本发明的优选实施例，碳酸锆化合物的溶液涂布于压制纸或纸板制品的两个表面上，其量足以浸渍表面的最外层，该溶液被吸收进入制品1-95％的纤维素材料中，优选吸收进入25-90％的该材料，中最优选吸收进入50-80％的该材料中。这足以使得制品的抗张强度显著提高，而当将整个制品全部浸渍，以限制所用溶液量至不减弱现有纤维素纤维和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的纤维与纤维的键的量时，需要更加慎重。
根据另一优选实施例，夹心结构包含2-10个聚乙烯醇纤维和纤维素纤维的交替层，优选3-8个交替层，最优选4-5个交替层。
根据特别优选的实施例，该夹心结构包含3层，由此该纸或纸板制品在其中心层中只包含纤维素纤维作为纤维，和两个表面层使用纤维素纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维的混合物形成。
该纸制品优选在升高的温度的下、在使用碳酸锆化合物处理之前或者处理之后或者是在这两个阶段被干燥，，温度范围可以为30-120℃，优选50-100℃，最优选70-100℃。
下面的例子并非限定本发明，只是用于描述其中一个优选实施方案。
实施例
实施例1-进行纤维和碳酸锆钾之间的反应
测试材料：
-纤维素纤维(无酸)
—水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维(King′s PVA-纤维PF-120/纤维长度5mm/12.0±0.2cN/dtex)
—碳酸锆钾溶液(Raisacoat KZ 20：ZrO2浓度20％)
使用高速旋转叶片搅拌器在温水中(50℃)，撕下(tearing apart)粗的无酸纸(250g/m2)得到纤维素纤维。纤维/水的比例为6g/500ml。
使用相同的搅拌器将水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维(King′s PVA-纤维PF-120/纤维长度5mm/12.0±0.2cN/dtex)混合入水中。纤维/水的比例为2g/300ml。
将该纤维悬浮液合并(800ml)并混合成均匀的混合物。得到的悬浮液(纤维素和不溶性PVA)用金属筛(120目)过滤，使用真空吸管部分除去残余的水分，得到潮湿的纤维物料，其只包含少量的在纸中用作胶性物(glue)的淀粉。
最后以常规方式将该潮湿的纤维物料压制成均匀厚度，在90-100℃下干燥。
从干燥的材料上切下测试条，使用稀释的(30％或35％)碳酸锆钾溶液，KZC(Raisacoat KZ 20：ZrO2浓度20％)，将一些测试条完全浸渍，稀释的碳酸盐溶液具有浓度为6％或7％的最终的ZrO2。通过在钢板之间压制该测试条而除去过量的KZC溶液，测试条在90-100℃干燥。
测量由生产的纤维素制品制备的测试条的抗张强度。结果示于下表1中。
表1.测试条的抗张强度(N/mm的测试条宽度)
Figure BPA00001481348100051
该结果清楚地表明碳酸锆化合物与纤维素基材料中的纤维发生反应，因此提高了其强度。观察到只加入PVA纤维在其抗张强度方面无实质效果。这或许是由于PVA纤维与纤维素纤维相比，其横截面非常圆、直且光滑，使得它们易于从纤维素纤维物料中拉出，因为它们仅仅是在纤维素纤维之间滑出。
但是，与KZC的反应在不同纤维与其它成分(图1)之间形成了大量的网络，导致其抗张强度的达到2.5倍的提高。PVA纤维与该结构的强粘合还可以通过从测试条上撕下单根纤维并观察纤维端部的显微图像而观察到。该图像清楚的显示出纤维本身的撕裂(图2)。
可通过调节水不溶性PVA纤维的加入量和碳酸锆铵或碳酸锆钾的浓度/量来调节该抗张强度。
实施例2-使用碳酸锆铵制备实验室纸页
在该实施例中，根据本发明的方法在动态纸页成形器(dynamic sheetformer)(Formette Dynamic)中制备取向的实验室纸页，即，形成纤维素纤维和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的水性悬浮液，并将其压制成所用的实验室纸页，通过将纸页表面用碳酸锆铵水溶液浸渍而用该溶液处理该纸页，将该处理过的纸页干燥。该纸页进行表面施胶，制得的纸进行抗张、撕裂和内部粘合强度测试(见表2)。
所用纸浆和化学品：
.-用Voith Labrefiner精制成SR 30的桉树SA纸浆
-SEL 0.4J/m，浓度4％，SRE 70kWh/t
.-King′s PVA纤维PF-120/5mm
.-用于表面施胶(AZC/淀粉)的7％(以ZrO2计)Raisacoat AZ 20碳酸锆铵和1.5％玉米淀粉(食品品质)在水中的混合物。
纸页成型条件：
.原纸的目标克重100g/m2
.网速1000m/min，喷射速度960m/min(1.6巴)
.压榨1+2+3巴
.在90℃下干燥
在该纸的表面处理中，样品纸用漆刷进行涂布(表面施胶)，在烘箱的框架中干燥，在80-90℃下空气循环30分钟，在50％相对湿度、23℃下调整1周。
这些测试的目的在于研究少量PVA纤维对于纸张强度的影响。使用过量的AZC用于确保PVA纤维与纤维素基质的完全粘合。但该过量不是必需的。碳酸锆的量可以进一步最佳化，特别是当从实验室测试的实验等级提高到较大等级时。
下面的结果(表2)表明抗张强度在MD(+47-52％)和CD(+48-54％)方向上都得到了提高。在CD方向，撕裂强度提高达到+57％，其与PVA纤维含量相关。由于添加了PVA纤维和AZC-淀粉施胶，可以发现ScottBOND的显著提高。该提高在MD和CD方向均约为400％。在MD方向，抗张挺度(tensilestiffness)提高29％，其与PVA纤维含量相关。
表2.本发明实验室纸页的性能
Figure BPA00001481348100071
*Modif.Scott，(Huygen Internal Bond Tester)
测试条件：50％RH，23℃
Ref：纤维素

Claims (12)

1.包含纤维素纤维的纸或纸板制品，其特征在于该制品还包含一种或多种碳酸锆化合物和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维。
2.根据权利要求1的纸或纸板制品，其特征在于该一种或多种碳酸锆化合物是碳酸锆铵或碳酸锆钾或其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2的纸或纸板制品，其特征在于该聚乙烯醇纤维的纤维长度为2-10mm，优选4-8mm，最优选约5mm。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的纸或纸板制品，其特征在于该纤维素纤维和该聚乙烯醇纤维是交联的。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的纸或纸板制品，其特征在于该碳酸锆化合物的浓度为1-25wt％，优选3-15wt％，最优选3-10wt％，表示为ZrO2的浓度。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的纸或纸板制品，其特征在于该制品还包含一种或多种其它的涂料、粘合剂、填料、施胶剂、助留剂或其它造纸化学品或其混合物。
7.制备包含纤维素纤维的纸或纸板制品的方法，其特征在于：
—形成纤维素纤维和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的混合的水性悬浮液，将其压制成纸或纸板制品，或者将水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维和纤维素纤维的层压制成具有夹心结构的纸或纸板制品，
—干燥前通过用碳酸锆化合物的水溶液浸渍该制品的一个或多个表面或整个制品而用该溶液处理该制品，
—干燥该处理过的制品。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其特征在于首先形成纤维素纤维的水性悬浮液和水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的水性悬浮液，然后将这些悬浮液混合，从而形成混合的悬浮液。
9.根据权利要求7或8的方法，其特征在于通过强力混合形成该纤维素纤维和该水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维的实质均匀的悬浮液，将其压制成实质上均匀厚度的纸或纸板制品，并使该纤维交联。
10.根据权利要求7的方法，其特征在于将水不溶性聚乙烯醇纤维和纤维素纤维的2-10个交替层形成夹心结构，优选3-8个交替层，最优选4-5个交替层。
11.根据权利要求7-10中任一项的方法，其特征在于将该碳酸锆化合物的水溶液涂覆在该制品的一个或多个表面上，使其被能够被吸收进入该制品的1-95％的纤维材料，优选吸收进入25-90％的该材料，最优选吸收进入50-80％的该材料。
12.根据权利要求7-11中任一项的方法，其特征在于在30-120℃，优选50-100℃，最优选70-100℃范围内的温度下干燥该压制的制品或该处理过的制品，或者是在所述范围内的温度下首先干燥该压制的制品和然后干燥该处理过的制品。
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