CN102480245B - Inverter - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN102480245B
CN102480245B CN201010570032.7A CN201010570032A CN102480245B CN 102480245 B CN102480245 B CN 102480245B CN 201010570032 A CN201010570032 A CN 201010570032A CN 102480245 B CN102480245 B CN 102480245B
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switch element
current
phase
voltage
load
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CN201010570032.7A
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CN102480245A (en
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张东济
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LS Electric Co Ltd
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LS Industrial Systems Co Ltd
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Priority to KR1020110006140A priority patent/KR101775156B1/en
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of inverter, it is configured to receive the electric power from power supply, and change this electric power into DC, change the AC of this DC into variable voltage variable frequency, and provide this AC to load to drive load, wherein switch element and multiple shunt resistance are mounted to detect and flow through from the minus terminal of smooth unit the electric current that described switch element flows to load, and detected voltage is changed by multiple ADC, here controller is to the electric current of the corresponding phase of two phase voltages of the use in the three-phase voltage exported by multiple ADC except have a phase of Breadth Maximum in multiple pwm signal except, and use detected biphase current to calculate the electric current of residue phase.

Description

Inverter
Background of invention
Field
The present invention relates to a kind of inverter being configured to receive from power supply electric power, it is changed this electric power and is DC, changes this DC into AC with provide this AC to load to drive load, more particularly, a kind of inverter being configured to accurately detect electric current and the accurately generation of detection of ground faults electric current being supplied to load is related to.
Background
Generally speaking, the inverter that small size is cheap belongs to be sold at worldwide maximum quantity and to be experienced by the product family of keen competition by many manufacturing companies.That is, many manufacturing companies initiate keen competition to develop cheap small size inverter, therefore, and the result that many technology are returned as these effort and being developed.
Use the development of the inverter of at a low price module, and changed into the development of algorithm of current detecting of electric current detecting method by shunt resistance, eliminate the traditional Hall unit as current measuring element or current detection sensor, can as partial example.
Use the described electric current detecting method of shunt resistance can comprise lead-out terminal shunt, DC-link terminal shunt and the distributary method between the emitter and earth connection of switch element, wherein said distributary method is most popular method in described shunt method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is devoted to provide a kind of inverter being configured to accurately detect the electric current being supplied to load.
Further, the present invention is devoted to provide a kind of being configured to pass between the emitter and earth connection of switch element, to form shunt resistance and use voltage accurately to detect the inverter of the electric current being supplied to load through shunt resistance.
And the present invention is devoted to provide a kind of inverter being configured to accurately to determine whether earth fault current has produced.
Of the present invention one total in, provide a kind of inverter, it comprises: switch element, and it is configured to pass in response to multiple PWM (pulse width modulation) signal and switches DC (direct current) electric power to produce three-phase AC (interchange) electric power and produced AC electric power to be supplied to load; Current detector, it is configured to pass and uses three-phase voltage to detect the three-phase current flowing to load from earth connection through described switch element; Controller, it is configured to produce multiple pwm signal with the handover operation of control switch unit; With multiple ADC (AC to DC) transducer, described current detector is changed three-phase voltage into digital voltage and is exported this digital voltage to controller in ADC transducer, the electric current of wherein said controller to the corresponding phase of two phase voltages of the use in the three-phase voltage exported by multiple ADC except have a phase of Breadth Maximum in multiple pwm signal except detects, and uses detected biphase current to calculate the electric current of residue phase.
In some exemplary embodiment of the present invention, described inverter may further include the rectification unit being configured to AC be carried out to rectification, and is configured to pass the smoothing smooth unit producing DC electric power of the output power of described rectification unit.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, described inverter may further include earth fault current detector, it is configured to pass and uses voltage to detect the earth fault current flowing to load through described switch element, by the voltage level detected by described earth fault current detector and predetermined reference voltage being compared, wherein said controller determines whether earth fault current produces.
In some exemplary embodiment of the present invention, described inverter comprises further: multiple resistance, and it is configured to use line to the voltage detected by described current detector or merge; And comparator, its be configured to by through line or voltage and predetermined reference voltage compare, and described voltage is exported to described controller, wherein said controller can use output signal from described comparator to determine whether earth fault current is produced.
Inverter according to the present invention has useful effect, and namely shunt resistance is used to detect the electric current being supplied to load, thus reduces the production cost of described inverter.
Inverter according to the present invention also has useful effect, namely be supplied to the electric current of described load from the plus sige terminal of described smooth unit detected accurately to determine whether earth fault current is produced, and the generation of earth fault current can use and flows to the electric current of described load from the minus terminal of described smooth unit and detect.
Additional advantages of the present invention, object and characteristic will part be set forth and hereafter can partly become clear by investigating or can be acquired from the practice of the present invention to those skilled in the art in ensuing specification.Of the present invention objectively and other advantage can be implemented by the structure particularly pointed out in the specification of description, claim and accompanying drawing and obtain.
It should be known that preceding total description of the present invention and detailed description are afterwards exemplary and explanatory, and the present invention will be provided as stated further to explain.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Summarized the accompanying drawing be used to provide the present invention understands the part forming the application together with merged further and illustrated embodiments of the invention, and be used for making an explanation to principle of the present invention together with specification, wherein identical reference number is used to identical or equivalent part or element.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the configuration of the inverter shown according to prior art;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the configuration of the inverter shown according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 a to 3d is the schematic diagram of the switching signal showing the switch element being applied to Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 a to 4g merges the oscillogram of electric current, is wherein supplied to the A phase of the load of the described switch element of Fig. 2, B phase and C phase current, flows to the A phase of shunt resistance, B phase and C phase current and flow to the A phase of shunt resistance, B phase and C phase current merged;
Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of the configuration according to the current detection circuit in the inversion of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram according to the pwm signal being supplied to multiple switch element in inverter of the present invention;
Fig. 7 a to 7f shows the schematic diagram according to the pwm signal type being applied to multiple switch element in inverter of the present invention.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing.In the drawings, the size of constituent element or shape can in order to clear and convenient and be exaggerated.
Special term uses best mode known for inventor to describe the present invention by being defined.Correspondingly, the special term used in the specification and in the claims or the implication of word should not be restricted to the literal upper or normally used meaning, and should explain according to the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore the restriction of these terms can be determined based on the content of whole specification.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the configuration of the inverter shown according to prior art, and wherein Reference numeral 100 is rectification unit.
It should be arteries and veins stream electric power (pulsatingcurrentpower) that rectification unit 100 can use the three-phase AC electric power of multiple rectifier diode (D1-D6) to input to carry out rectification and change.
Smooth unit 110 use smoothing capacity (C1) to through the smoothing and conversion of the arteries and veins stream electric power of rectification unit 100 rectification through level and smooth arteries and veins stream electric power to DC electric power.
Surge current stops unit 120 to be configured such that resistance (R1) and thyristor (SCR1) are connected in parallel to stop extra initial surge electric current to flow into described smoothing capacity (C1).
Regenerative brake unit 130 is configured by this way: the plus sige terminal of smoothing capacity (C1) is connected to the collector electrode of switch element (IGBT1) by resistance R2 in parallel and backward diode D7, and the emitter of switch element (IGBT1) is connected to the minus terminal of smoothing capacity (C1).
Switch element 140 is configured by this way: the Multi-Switch element (IGBT2-IGBT7) be connected in series between two is switched to change the output power of smoothing capacity (C1) into AC electric power by the control in response to controller (not shown) selectively, and the AC electric power be wherein converted to is output to load 150.
Current detector 160 is configured by this way: current transformer (CT1-CT3) is placed between switch element 140 and load 150, and the electric current being wherein supplied to the AC electric power of load 150 from switch element 140 is detected.
The inverter of configuration like this carries out rectification to the three-phase AC electric power provided from outside by using multiple rectifier diode (D1-D6) being arranged on rectification unit 100 place and produces pulsating wave electric power.Pulsating wave electric power through rectification unit 100 rectification is converted into DC electric power by stoping unit 120 through surge current to the charging of the smoothing capacity (C1) of smooth unit 110.
Now, when not having electric power to be charged in smoothing capacity (C1), too much electric current flows to smoothing capacity (C1) in the starting stage from rectification unit 100, and therefore smoothing capacity (C1) can by too much current disrupts.Therefore, when not having electric power to be filled with in smoothing capacity (C1), controller controls, in the starting stage, surge current is stoped the thyristor control of unit (120) in the blocking state may.Therefore, through rectification unit 100 rectification pulsating wave electric power by by resistance (R1) give smoothing capacity (C1) charge electric current institute limit, therefore too much surge current can be prevented from generation.
In this case, if delay scheduled time is fully charged by electric current to allow smoothing capacity (C1), and do not have too much surge current to flow through, thyristor (SCR1) controls in the on-state by controller, therefore, smoothing capacity (C1) is charged by thyristor (SCR1) by the arteries and veins stream electric power of rectification unit 100 rectification.
In this state, controller output pwm signal is to the door of multiple switch elements (IGBT2-IGBT7) being arranged on switch element 140 place, and therefore, multiple switch element (IGBT2-IGBT7) can selectively be switched.
Next, multiple switch element (IGBT2-IGBT7) selectively closed/open and switch with change be filled with smoothing capacity (C1) DC electric power into AC electric power, the AC electric power be wherein converted to is exported to load 150 and load 150 is driven.
In addition, in load 150 by when being braked, regenerated energy produces from load 150, and be charged in smoothing capacity (C1) by switch element 140, therefore smoothing capacity (C1) uses overvoltage to be charged, and smoothing capacity (C1) can be destroyed by overcharged voltage.
Therefore, in load 150 by when being braked, controller closes the switch element (IGBT1) of regenerative brake unit 130, and when switch element (IGBT1) is closed, the regenerated energy through switch element 140 produced at load 150 place flows through resistance (R2) and switch element (IGBT1), therefore, use overvoltage is prevented to charge to smoothing capacity (C1).
In addition, as mentioned above, the electric current outputting to the AC electric power of load 150 from switch element 140 is detected by the multiple current transformers (CT1-CT3) being positioned at current detector 160, and the electric current wherein detected is imported into controller.Controller calculates the summation of the electric current detected by multiple current transformer (CT1-CT3), if and the electric current summation calculated is greater than predetermined reference current, controller determination earth fault current has produced and action predetermined subsequently correspondingly performs.
The inverter of configuration like this detects the electric current using the switch element 140 of multiple current transformer (CT1-CT3) to be supplied to load 150, and determines the generation of earth fault current.
But, it should be noted that multiple current transformer (CT1-CT3) is expensive.Therefore, if use cheap shunt resistance in order to construct cheap undersized inverter in the occasion of multiple current transformer (CT1-CT3), it is imperative that the countermeasure of so generation of detection Current Detection Algorithm and earth fault current will be performed.
Simultaneously, there is the earth fault current of two types, namely, from electric capacity (C1), flow through multiple switch elements (IGBT2, IGBT4, IGBT6) of switch element 140 and load 150 and flow to the earth fault current on ground, and from load 150, flow through multiple switch elements (IGBT3, IGBT5, IGBT7) of switch element 140 and flow to the earth fault current on ground.
But, the inverter of configuration like this only can detect multiple switch elements (IGBT3, IGBT5, IGBT7) of flowing through switch element 140 from load 150 and flow to the earth fault current on ground, and can not detect the multiple switch elements (IGBT2, IGBT4, IGBT6) and load 150 that flow through switch element 140 from electric capacity (C1) and flow to the earth fault current on ground.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the configuration of the inverter shown according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and wherein Reference numeral 200 is rectification unit.
Rectification unit 200 can use the three-phase AC electric power of multiple rectifier diode (D11-D16) to input carry out rectification and change this electric power into arteries and veins stream electric power.
Smooth unit 210 use smoothing capacity (C11) to through the arteries and veins stream electric power of rectification unit 200 rectification smoothing and change level and smooth after the arteries and veins stream electric power that obtains be DC electric power.
Surge current stops unit 220 to be configured by this way: resistance (R11) and thyristor (SCR11) are connected in parallel to stop too much initial surge electric current to flow into smoothing capacity (C11).
Regenerative brake unit 230 is configured by this way: the plus sige terminal of smoothing capacity (C11) is connected to the collector electrode of switch element (IGBT11) through resistance R12 in parallel and backward diode D17, and the emitter of switch element (IGBT11) is connected to the minus terminal of smoothing capacity (C11).
Switch element 240 is configured by this way: the Multi-Switch element (IGBT12-IGBT17) be connected in series between two is switched to change the output power of smoothing capacity (C11) into AC electric power by the control in response to controller (not shown) selectively, and the AC electric power be wherein converted to is output to load 250.
Current detector 260 is configured by this way: shunt resistance (R13, R14, R15) is correspondingly connected between the emitter of multiple switch elements (IGBT13, IGBT15, IGBT17) of earth connection and switch element 240, and is supplied to the electric current of load 250 by switch element 240 by the voltage detecting through shunt resistance (R13, R14, R15).
Earth fault current detecting unit 270 is configured by this way: resistance (R16) is connected between smoothing capacity (C11) and regenerative brake unit 230 and flows through from smoothing capacity (C11) electric current that regenerative brake unit 230 and switch element 240 are supplied to load 250 to detect.
The inverter of configuration like this can carry out rectification by the multiple rectifier diodes (D11-D16) being arranged on rectification unit 200 place to the three-phase AC electric power provided from outside and produce pulsating wave electric power.Pulsating wave electric power through rectification unit 200 rectification stops unit 220 by surge current and is filled with the smoothing capacity (C11) of smooth unit 210 and is converted into DC electric power.
Now, when not having electric power to be filled with smoothing capacity (C11), too much electric current flows to smoothing capacity (C11) in the starting stage from rectification unit 200, and therefore smoothing capacity (C11) can by too much current disrupts.Therefore, when the electric power in smoothing capacity (C11) is not charged, surge current stops the thyristor (SCR11) of unit 220 to control in the blocking state may in the starting stage by controller.Therefore, by rectification unit 200 rectification pulsating wave electric power by via resistance (R11) to give smoothing capacity (C11) current limit of charging, therefore, too much surge current is prevented from producing.
In this case, delay scheduled time to allow smoothing capacity (C11) to be charged completely by electric current and not have too much surge current to flow out when, thyristor (SCR11) controls in the on-state by controller, therefore, smoothing capacity (C11) is charged by the arteries and veins stream electric power of rectification unit 200 rectification through thyristor (SCR11).
In this state, controller output pwm signal is to the door of multiple switch elements (IGBT12-IGBT17) being arranged on switch element 240 place, and therefore, multiple switch element (IGBT2-IGBT7) can be switched selectively.
Such as, as shown in Figure 3 a, controller compares to produce the pwm signal as shown in Fig. 3 b, 3c and 3d with reference to voltage (Vref_A, Vref_B, Vref_C) and triangular wave (Vcar), and the pwm signal wherein produced is provided to the door of the switch element (IGBT12, IGBT14, IGBT16) of switch element 240 for switching.Controller also reverses the pwm signal be presented in Fig. 3 b, 3c and 3d, and wherein reverse pwm signal is provided to the door of multiple switch elements (IGBT13, IGBT15, IGBT17) of switch element 240 for switching.
Next, the multiple switch elements (IGBT12-IGBT17) being arranged on switch element 140 place are switched selectively, therefore, the DC electric power being filled with smoothing capacity (C11) is converted into three-phase AC electric power, and the electric current of three-phase AC electric power after conversion is provided to load 250, therefore load 250 is driven, as shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b and 4c.Now, in response to the electric current being supplied to load 250 from electric capacity (C11) through switch element 240, produce by the voltage-drop of resistance (R16), its middle controller receives voltage through resistance (R16) to determine whether earth fault current produces.
In addition, electric current also flows into shunt resistance (R13, R14, R15), as shown in Fig. 4 d to 4f, when multiple switch element (IGBT13, IGBT15, IGBT17) is switched selectively, between the earth connection that these shunt resistances are connected to switch element (IGBT13, IGBT15, IGBT17) and emitter.
The electric current flowing into shunt resistance (R13, R14, R15) is detected as voltage, and detected voltage is exaggerated device 500,502,504 amplification, as shown in Figure 5, the voltage wherein amplified is converted to digital voltage respectively by ADC510,512,514, and is input to controller.
In addition, be exaggerated the voltage of device 500,502,504 amplification by line or also merged by resistance R21, R22 and R23, and the voltage after merging is imported into comparator 520 to compare with predetermined reference voltage Vr.Consequential signal is relatively imported into controller.
Now, operate will be described in detail according to the detection of the electric current to being supplied to load 250 by switch element 24 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the pwm signal showing the multiple switch elements (IGBT12, IGBT14, IGBT16) be supplied to according to inverter of the present invention, the position that the highest and usual generation of the external voltage that its mid point " A " is triangular wave (Vcar) is interrupted.Point " B " is for output pwm signal and the position that pulse duration is maximum in the three-phase PWM signal of door being supplied to multiple switch element (IGBT12, IGBT14, IGBT16).But point " B " changed according to the pwm signal cycle.
With reference to figure 5, the voltage through shunt resistance (R13, R14, R15) is exaggerated device 500,502,504 and amplifies, and is converted to digital voltage by ADC510,512,514 and is imported into controller.It is the same that the waveform being input to the digital voltage of controller after being changed by ADC510,512,514 and Fig. 4 d to 4f show.ADC510,512, the beginning switch analog voltages of 514 be the position of digital voltage is point " A ".That is, when occurring to interrupt, it is digital voltage that ADC starts switch analog voltages.
Controller use ADC510,512, the output signal of 514 calculates output current.
The pwm signal of the pwm signal being arranged on multiple switch elements (IGBT12, IGBT14, IGBT16) at switch element 240 place or the multiple switch elements (IGBT13, IGBT15, IGBT17) being supplied to door has the cycle of following 6 types based on one-period as shown in Fig. 7 a to 7f.Namely, the shape that the width of pwm signal has is: a phase > b phase > c phase, b phase > a phase > c phase, b phase > c phase > a phase, c phase > b phase > a phase, c phase > a phase > b phase and a phase > c phase > b phase.
Controller determines to be supplied to the width of the pwm signal of the door of the multiple switch elements (IGBT12, IGBT14, IGBT16) being arranged on switch element 240 place or the pwm signal of multiple switch element (IGBT13, IGBT15, IGBT17), and calculates the electric current of the digital voltage of the two-phase used in the pwm signal determined except a phase digital voltage with Breadth Maximum.
Such as, as shown in Figure 7a, when the width of pwm signal is a phase > b phase > c phase, controller determines electric current (ib) and the c phase current (ic) of the b phase using b phase and c phase voltage, get rid of and there is a phase of Breadth Maximum in pwm signal, and use b phase through determining and c phase current to calculate the electric current (ia) of a phase.
Namely, the electric current (ia) of a phase, the electric current of b phase and the electric current of c phase meet equation " ia+ib+ic=0 ", and b phase current (ib) and c phase current (ic) are updated in equation to calculate a phase current (ia) by its middle controller.
As shown in Figure 7b, when pwm signal width is b phase > a phase > c phase, controller determines a phase current (ia) and the c phase current (ic) that use a phase and c phase voltage, and get rid of in pwm signal, have the b phase of Breadth Maximum, and use a phase through determining and c phase current to calculate the electric current (ib) of b phase.
Now, will be described in detail according to the operation of detection of ground faults electric current of the present invention.
The earth fault current of two types can be produced in inverter.Namely, as the multiple switch element (IGBT12 being switched to plus sige voltage in switch element 240, IGBT14, when IGBT16) being closed, the plus sige DC voltage charged to electric capacity (C11) is by load 250 and the switch element (IGBT12 being in closure state, IGBT14, IGBT16) earth fault current of ground and generation is flowed to, with the multiple switch element (IGBT13 when the switching negative sign voltage in switch element 240, IGBT15, when IGBT17) being closed, the negative sign DC voltage charged to electric capacity (C11) is by load 250, shunt resistance (R13, R14, and be in the switch element (IGBT13 of closure state R15), IGBT15, IGBT17) earth fault current of ground and generation is flowed to.
For the earth fault current flowing to ground from electric capacity (C11) through multiple switch element (IGBT12, IGBT14, IGBT16) and load 250, controller is by comparing to determine whether earth fault current produces by the voltage of the resistance R16 through earth fault current detecting unit 270 and predetermined reference voltage.As the result compared, if determine that the reference voltage through the voltage ratio of the resistance R16 of earth fault current detecting unit 270 is predetermined is high, then determine that earth fault current produces, and for the generation of earth fault current, scheduled measurement is performed.
In addition, as shown in Figure 5, for from electric capacity (C11) through overload 250, shunt resistance (R13, R14, and multiple switch element (IGBT13 R15), IGBT15, IGBT17) earth fault current on ground is flowed to, through shunt resistance (R13, R14, R15) voltage is exaggerated device 500, 502, 504 amplify, and through amplifying voltage by resistance (R21, R22, R23) by line or and merge to be imported into comparator 520 and to compare with predetermined reference voltage (Vr), wherein compare result signal is imported into controller, this controller uses the output signal of comparator 520 to determine subsequently, and whether earth fault current produces, and for the generation of earth fault current, predetermined measurement is performed.
But, above-mentionedly can be embodied in many different forms according to inverter of the present invention, and should not be restricted to set forth embodiment herein to explain.Therefore, embodiments of the invention will cover change or the distortion of subsidiary claim and their equivalent in the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. an inverter, comprising:
Rectification unit, it is configured to carry out rectification to alternating electromotive force;
Smoothing capacity, it is configured to smoothing to the output power of described rectification unit and produces direct current power;
Stop unit, it is configured to stop surge current to charge to described smoothing capacity in the starting stage;
Switch element, it is configured to the described direct current power switched from described smoothing capacity in response to multiple pulse width modulating signal, produce the alternating electromotive force of regulation, and produced alternating electromotive force is supplied to load, and described switch element comprises from described first switch element of smoothing capacity reception positive direct-current electric power and the second switch element from the negative direct current power of described smoothing capacity reception;
Current detector, it to be connected between described second switch element and ground and to be configured to detect the electric current being supplied to described load via described switch element;
Controller, it is configured to produce described pulse width modulating signal to control the handover operation of described switch element;
ADC, it is configured to the analog voltage through described current detector to be converted to digital voltage, and is configured to described digital voltage to input to described controller;
Resistance, it is connected between described smoothing capacity and described first switch element; And
Regenerative brake unit, it is connected between described resistance and described switch element, and is configured to stop overvoltage in the deboost phase to smoothing capacity (C1) charging,
Wherein said controller is further configured to and detects the phase current of two phase voltages used except have a phase of Breadth Maximum in described pulse width modulating signal except, and uses detected biphase current to determine to remain the electric current of phase,
Wherein said controller is further configured to and uses described digital voltage to calculate the output current being provided to described load, and
Wherein said controller compares by the voltage of two opposite ends by resistance and predetermined reference voltage the earth fault current detecting and flow to described load from described first switch element, and flowed to the earth fault current of described load from described second switch element by the voltage detecting of merging that inputs described second switch element
Multiple resistance, it is configured to the voltage using line or export the merging detected by described current detector; With
Comparator, it is configured to the voltage of merging and predetermined reference voltage to compare,
Wherein said controller is configured to determine that when the voltage of described merging is greater than described predetermined reference voltage the described earth fault current flowing to described load from described second switch element produces.
CN201010570032.7A 2010-11-30 2010-11-30 Inverter Expired - Fee Related CN102480245B (en)

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EP3547517A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-02 LSIS Co., Ltd. Device for determining peak current in inverter

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